8-Mar-86 08:39:34-PST,7937;000000000000
Mail-From: NEUMANN created at  8-Mar-86 08:37:57
Date: Sat 8 Mar 86 08:37:57-PST
From: RISKS FORUM    (Peter G. Neumann, Coordinator) <[email protected]>
Subject: RISKS-2.24
Sender: [email protected]
To: [email protected]

RISKS-LIST: RISKS-FORUM Digest,  Saturday, 8 Mar 1986  Volume 2 : Issue 24

          FORUM ON RISKS TO THE PUBLIC IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
  ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy, Peter G. Neumann, moderator

Contents:
 Computerized ballot stuffing (Andy Kegel)
 Progress report on computerized voting (Kurt Hyde)
 Wild Modems (Bjorn Benson)
 Misdirected modems (Phil Ngai)
 Power outages (Phil Ngai)
 Earthquake problems with Nuclear Reactors (Lindsay F. Marshall)

The RISKS Forum is moderated.  Contributions should be relevant, sound, in good
taste, objective, coherent, concise, nonrepetitious.  Diversity is welcome.
(Contributions to [email protected], Requests to [email protected].)
(Back issues Vol i Issue j stored in SRI-CSL:<RISKS>RISKS-i.j.  Vol 1: MAXj=45)

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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 86 08:23:30 PST
From: [email protected] <Andy Kegel>
To: ucbvax!risks
Subject: Computerized ballot stuffing

In our area (extreme suburban Chicago, aka "the boonies"), we use a
computer-counted paper-ballot voting mechanism.  I am fairly sure I recall
serial numbers on the ballots.  However, I recognize that human memory is
weak and subject to interpretation and assumptions.  There is an election
coming up this month, and I will be particularly careful to observe and
understand the relevant facets of the process.

Remember, in Chicago, the rule is "Vote Early, Vote Often."

This message does not represent the position of my employer, or
any individuals or organizations other than myself.

       -andy kegel

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Date: Friday,  7 Mar 1986 05:57:00-PST
From: hyde%[email protected]  (Kurt Hyde DTN 264-7759 MKO1-2/E02)
To: [email protected], self%[email protected]
Subject: Progress report on computerized voting

A sincere thank you to all the people who have responded to my request
for assistance in computerized voting standards.

I called New Hampshire's Secretary of State and he will be meeting
with me and some other people regarding security standards. I will
be proposing something like the following:


 Computerized voting booths should print a paper ballot for each voter
 to view and check for accuracy.  The hardcopy ballot must be visible
 to the voter by appearing under a covered (transparent) window.  The
 dimensions of the window must allow for at least 10 votes to be viewed
 at one time.  The printer must then feed each ballot into a ballot box
 which is guarded from access outside access while the voting machine
 is in use.  The audible signal which confirms that the voter is completed
 may occur after the hardcopy of the ballot is no longer in view.

 In order to protect the anonymity of the voter casting each ballot,
 each ballot must be on a separate piece of paper when deposited in
 the ballot box.  It may be be cut after printing or be sheet-fed into
 the printer.

 This additional functionality allows for a recount.  The current
 machines do not have the capability of recounting the ballots.  They
 only have the capability to recalculate from subtotals.

 Because of recount capability, it will be possible to resolve election
 disputes at the place of the voting.  This means it will not be
 necessary to contact the FEC and National Bureau of Standards in
 order to perform an audit on the machine's computer programs.
 The procedure for the FEC and NBS to audit the machine's computer
 programs has not been established and is likely to be extremely
 complex as certainly procedures must be established to be certain
 that the computer programs haven't been tampered with in order to
 return them back to their proper state.

My students at Rivier College will still be investigating further into
the proper security controls.  One of them is considering a way to let
the voter see his/her ballot and abort that ballot.  The printer would
then print an appropriate message such as "CANCELLED" on the bottom.

Once again, let me thank all those who are participating.  Your assistance
is very valuable and appreciated.  Let us not let the United States
suffer from a similar disaster as the Phillipines.

                                     Kurt

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 5 Mar 86 16:50:59 pst
From: [email protected] (Bjorn Benson)
To: entropy!risks
Subject: Wild Modems
Newsgroups: mod.risks
Organization: Data I/O Corp., Redmond WA

All this talk in RISKS about modems calling humans rather than computers
reminded me of an article I read about telecomputing in Europe: it seems
that laws in Europe require modems to have equipment attached to explain
what is going on in four languages, should the computer happen to dial
a wrong number.

                                               Bjorn N Benson

------------------------------

Date: Sat, 8 Mar 86 00:34:30 pst
From: [email protected] (Phil Ngai)
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: Misdirected modems

This is an often repeated wives tale by people who ought to know better.
With ordinary dialup modems of the 103/212 class, it is the *answering*
modem which initiates a tone. The originating modem (the one that dialed)
remains silent until it hears the carrier of the answering modem.

Thus, if a computer dialed a wrong number, the person receiving
the call would hear nothing, not a "funny whistle".

------------------------------

Date: Sat, 8 Mar 86 00:46:23 pst
From: [email protected] (Phil Ngai)
To: [email protected]
Subject: power outages

I am familiar with AMD's data center. It is relatively small by comparison
to some sites, having only four IBM 3081s and one 3090, but it does have
battery backup and a huge dual turbo charged diesel generator. The diesel
has a thousand gallon fuel tank, which will last it 24 hours. We have
arrangements to get refills within that 24 hour period, so our data center
could presumably survive an indefinite outage and you could continue to
order chips from us even during a blackout!

------------------------------

From: "Lindsay F. Marshall" <ncx%[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 86 10:20:51 gmt
To: [email protected]
Subject: Earthquake problems with Nuclear Reactors.

This is not really computer related, but seems interesting all the same....

A recent article in The Guardian highlighted some investigations into the
safety of British nuclear reactors in the face of the kind of mild earthquakes
that we have here. In particular it mentioned the Calder Hall reactor which
is nearly 25 years old and is built quite near to the area of Britain that
has the most earth tremors. This installation has a reactor vessel weighing
2000 tons suspended 18ft above the ground which is now so radioactive that
it would be impossible to examine or modify. The investigation showed that
the original safety calculations "had been done on the back of an envelope"
and that the reactor bolts might shear with an earthquake of 0.5 (units?).
There was an earthquake of that intensity last year, but it is impossible to
find out if anything was damaged because of the intensity of the radiation
not forgetting the 5ft of concrete and steel surrounding the chamber.......

So if you hear that Newcastle vanished, you'll know why!

          [and we'll be back to carrying coals ...  PGN]

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End of RISKS-FORUM Digest
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