FidoNews is the official newsletter of the International FidoNet
Association, and is published weekly by SEAdog Leader, node 1/1.
You are encouraged to submit articles for publication in
FidoNews. Article submission standards are contained in the file
FNEWSART.DOC, available from node 1/1.
The contents of the articles contained here are not our
responsibility, nor do we necessarily agree with them.
Everything here is subject to debate.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO STEVE LEMKE
Table of Contents
1. EDITORIAL
Whiz Kids and Communications
2. ARTICLES
Defending the Amiga
Born Again
Fido and Fidonet computer and modem compatibility.
Happy Birthday to ... Dolores????
Employment Opportunities Listings
Fido & Novell Advanced Netware
Creating a Fido Interest Index
Electrical Fires
Comparison of Utilities
3. FOR SALE
Entertainment Software for your PC!
4. NOTICES
The Interrupt Stack
Daylight Savings Time and the Mail Schedules
During the past eight years, I have been heavily involved with
"bulletin board" systems running on micros and mainframes. I'd
like to give a few examples of the destructiveness of many of
these "kids."
Most have probably heard of or called an RCP/M. Five years ago,
I wrote a similar type system for a TRS-80. This software ran
for 3.5 years without a problem. But now, as more and more
potential crackers have access to communications equipment, this
system has been crashed repeatedly.
When I was back in high school, the big thing was to find a bug
in the OS. But, once we found it, instead of using it to keep
the system flat on its back, we documented it and sometimes even
fixed it. Doesn't seem like that is the case anymore...
On this system, some caller breaks in, deletes all the files, and
then writes a program which keeps the drives selected; this burns
out the motors on 5.25" drives, especially when they run all
night. This was done so often, the system was brought down for a
long time (until a trace could be put on the dial-up).
I run my own system and publish software that turns a TRS-80 into
a mail and message system. I have sat and watched callers
SYSTEMATICALLY attack the system. This takes several forms:
1) All commands, series of commands, and options are tried.
2) The system is assaulted with all manners of control sequences,
trying to get some unexpected result.
3) I have even seem someone drop and then re-initiate carrier to
see if they could get somewhere.
If that doesn't work, they begin to crack passwords. They know
what they are doing... in one case, I watched as someone went
through what looked like the beginning of the Webster's
Dictionary trying to get superuser status. Since most people use
words, not a bad idea, right? Less intelligent ones start with A
and just try and try and try.
Oh, by the way, they are definitely using auto-dial modems and
software to do this.
If all else fails, they simply tie up the system. They choose
the most obviously disk intensive command, and execute it again
and again. Since many systems only timeout after inactivity,
this could tie up the system for many hours (not to mention the
wear and tear on the equipment).
Fidonews Page 3 19 May 1986
These little bastards certainly aren't doing anything
constructive.
Seven years ago, I called up MIT-MC and got a tourist account
which I kept for three years until I got an authorized one. It
was a free account on an open system; the only strings were that
I use it after hours and not tie up too many resources. But
things have changed. You can't have totally open systems anymore
without many precautions and almost constant supervision. For
example, I have had to add many security features to these small
systems:
1) Three attempts and you lose the connection. Nine illegal
attempts at a user name without a correct login causes a
suspension. Anyone trying to login under that name is
immediately suspended (with some exceptions).
2) Connection limited use.
3) Application process reviewed by sysop before someone can use
all features, or even use the system.
4) Isolate the user completely from all operating system
functions, even to the point of modifying the DOS to hang or
reset when necessary.
I do have one little "joke" up my sleeve. There is an account on
these systems called SYSOP. Now, if I was going to break in,
that is where I would start. I've put a little patch into my
host. After 39 incorrect tries on that account, IT ALLOWS THE
CALLER THROUGH. He gets a welcome message and Sysop command:.
He can renumber messages, change the date and time, even delete
from the directory, change user names and passwords. He can do
all the things that a sysop can do. Of course, he isn't *really*
doing anything (he he he!) After, oh say, 10 minutes, output
stops. 24 linefeeds are issued and the following appears (slowly,
as if from a TTY):
HELLO INTRUDER! Gee, I want to thank you for hanging around
for the past ten minutes while we had a chance to trace your
call. It is too bad that some people just can't live
responsibly. But, I guess that is the reason we have the
police and FBI, right? {disconnect}
I don't know what the answer is, but I do know that treating this
type of behavior casually must be stopped. There will always be
people who will try to circumvent all security measures,
sometimes out of curiosity, but recently more often with the
intention of doing something destructive.
It's too bad that the days of the unsecured systems is coming to
a close, but with hundreds of people scanning the exchanges with
their auto-dial modems looking for carriers, armed with 10 pages
of pirated MCI access codes, we don't have much choice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Fidonews Page 4 19 May 1986
While the article by Mike Roberts (Fido 120/5) in FidoNews #314
certainly pointed out some of the Amiga's weak points, I don't
think it did credit to what I am increasingly inclined to believe
is one hell of a machine. While it certainly can't compete with
the IBM XT in terms of software, or with the Atari ST in terms of
price, it can compete with both on an the basis of a
price/performance comparison.
The complaint that the Amiga does not have as much software as
the XT is, of course, legitimate. However, it also applies to
EVERY other computer on the market, bar none (even 100%
compatibles have some problems). No computer who doesn't try to
be compatible with the XT can even come close. However, Commodore
has done a very good job a) encouraging software developers with
some excellent technical manuals and b) bridging the gap between
the Amiga and the XT with a very well designed emulator package.
I cannot agree that the emulator is overpriced. The lastest quote
I have heard is $500 with accelerator hardware and IBM drive.
Compare this to the over $1500 that is charged for MacCharlie,
the Mac/IBM link. Now if someone can show me where to get an IBM
compatible for that kind of price, I will happily send the check
off today! In fact, my major complaint with the emulator is its
late release date. While I don't think the term "vaporware" is
accurate in this case, I do think CBM has been a bit sluggish
with the emulator release. As always, we'll see.
Whether the Amiga should or should not have been aimed at the
market place already occupied by the IBM is rather a shaky
question. The fact is, no one can expect to beat IBM on its own
territory. The Amiga, however, does offer some features the XT
can't hope to match. The graphics are superlative and FAST (three
dimensional animation so fast you'll think its really happening),
and the 4-channel stereo sound has to be heard to be believed. As
far as I can tell, almost as many Amigas are being bought for
artistic purposes (by musicians or artists) as for home use. And
while I have yet to see some really good business software for
the Amiga, that does NOT mean it doesn't exist, as I haven't
tried to get my hands on any. Some packages sound very nice
(notably VIP Professional), and claim (wheeze) to be shipping
now.
As far as the Amiga's price is concerned, I have to admit that it
was rather overpriced. However, the monitor is now free with the
system, which the brings the 512k system price down to $1495.
This is compared to $995 for the color 512k Atari ST. But it
doesn't stop there - the Amiga also multitasks, has drives of
twice the capacity of the Atari and the sound and graphics are
Fidonews Page 5 19 May 1986
indisputably better.
While the Amiga is by no means a sure success, I don't believe a
cursory glossing over it (well, IBM has more software and the ST
is cheaper) does justice to the machine. My exposure to the ST
side of things is VERY limited (I have no idea what the Atari
software scene is like), but looking through either of the two
Amiga magazines I have seen (AmigaWorld and Amazing Computing) I
feel more and more confident of the Amiga's success. After heated
debate with a Tecmar employee over the price of their hardware, I
saw the T-Disk (20 meg drive) and T-Card (1 meg of memory,
clock/calendar, serial port) advertised for nearly one half of
list price. What this means is that a 1 1/2 meg Amiga is now
available for a little over $2000. I have no idea what Atari
offers in terms of expandability, but it's hard to beat that;
especially when the next step is an $850 20 meg hard drive. As
with all new products in the computer arena, time and software,
not initial impressions, will be the final test.
Following is a reprint by permission of a message left in the
Bible message/discussion area on my board giving some ideas on
defining Born Again. I thought some others might gain some
pleasure from reading it.
MESSAGE:
There are several terms that we hear today which are synonymous.
Among these are "born again", "saved", "trusting in the Lord",
"the new birth", etc. One thing you'll find when you read the
Bible is that there are only two kinds of people in the word. It
is not broken down into the good and bad or the right and wrong
or me and them. It is simply broken down between those "born
again" and those not born again.
In John 3 the Lord Jesus gave the most concise and simple answer
to your question. We enter into this physical life through an
experience called 'birth', the act of which we call being "born".
If we wish to enter into a spiritual relationship with God then
we have to experience a "re-birth" or be "born again". In Acts
16 someone asks the question: "What must I do to be saved?" The
reply was simple: "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ. " But it
goes further than just a mental assent that He lived or was a
good guy.
In Romans 3 we see our inadequacies from GOD'S STANDPOINT (not
our dealings with our fellow man). It is not so much an
indictment of our CHARACTER as it is our CONDITION. That's why
we can't just quit doing 'bad' and start doing 'good' to be O.K.
We can clean up the outside but we can't touch the inside - it
virtually takes a 're-birth'.
If your interested I can go farther into this. I haven't talked
about being redeemed by the "precious blood of Christ"; the gift
of God; the forgiveness of sin; our mediator with God - the Lord
Jesus, etc.
The following systems and modems have been found by users to work
with FIDO. The author takes no responsibility for support or
accuracy. On a more positive note, please keep the compatibility
information coming to Bill Allbritten on 11/301. I have decided
to keep this list up to date on a rolling basis; so if you obtain
new hardware not specifically discussed in the original Fido
documentation or in this listing, please drop me a message on
11/301 so I can keep this list going. I will publish it from
time to time; the two files containing the information are in
file area 5 of 11/301 as FIDOCOMP.TXT and FIDOMODM.TXT. Several
users in England are desperate for compatibility information.
Just use a format similar to the report that follows. Bill
Allbritten, sysop, 11/301
Compatible Computers
BRAND NAME AMT 86
DEALER NAME AMERICAN MICRO TECH.
DEALER ADDR 1322 E.EDINGER SANTA ANA CA. 92705
DEALER PHONE 714-972-2945
RAM AVAILABL 1024
ACCES BDS 1 QUADRAM EGA+
ACCES BDS 2 AMI SER/PAR
VIDEO CARD QUADRAM EGA+
MULTTASKING DOUBLEDOS
COMMENTS1 USES ATronics motherboard-can
use IBM ROMS to run BASICA
YOUR NAME JUAN JIMENEZ
YOUR ADDR PO BOX 4296 BALBOA CA 92661-4296
PHONE 714-675-7106 DATA
BRAND NAME MINDSET PC
DEALER NAME MINDSET CORPORATION
DEALER ADDR SUNNYVALE CA 94086
RAM AVAILABL 256
ACCES BDS 1 RS-232C (2)
ACCES BDS 2 SASI HD INTER.
VIDEO CARD BUILT IN
COMMENTS1 GRAPHIC COMPUTER DESIGNED FOR VIDEO OVERLAYS
COMMENTS2 Sysop of MINDSET FMUG Fido 16/635
YOUR NAME JAMES PALLACK
YOUR ADDR BURLINGTON VT 05401-4759
PHONE 802-658-2494 DATA
BRAND NAME ZENITH Z-148
DEALER NAME ANY ZENITH DEALER
RAM AVAILABL 640
ACCES BDS 1 NOVELL ADV.BD
VIDEO CARD BUILT IN
MULTTASKING NONE
COMMENTS1 PURCHASED THROUGH VOLUME PURCHASE AT WORK
Fidonews Page 8 19 May 1986
COMMENTS2 NOVELL BOARD DOESNT WORK WITH FIDO_IBM YET
YOUR NAME TIM RAND
YOUR ADDR #8 HILL-N-DALE ST. LOUIS MO 63132
PHONE 314-658-2158
BRAND NAME LAZER DIGITAL
DEALER NAME THE SOFTWARE STORE
DEALER ADDR MEMPHIS TN 38118
DEALER PHONE 901-362-7926
RAM AVAILABL 640
ACCES BDS 1 WEST.DIG HD CON
ACCES BDS 2 IO+ MULTI FUNC
VIDEO CARD MONO AND COLOR
MULTTASKING DOUBLEDOS
COMMENTS1 SEAGATE ST 225 AND IBM DOS 3.1
YOUR NAME JOHN PELLICCIOTTI
YOUR ADDR 1717 DENISON MEMPHIS TN 38111
PHONE 901 761 3614 DATA
BRAND NAME Turbo PC
DEALER NAME Texas Computer Systems
DEALER ADDR Box 531198 Grand Prarie TX 75053
DEALER PHONE 800-433-5184
RAM AVAILABL 640
ACCES BDS 1 multifunction
VIDEO CARD monochrome
MULTTASKING DESQview
COMMENTS1 Ask for Tim Proctor at TCS
COMMENTS2 Have not tried computer in Turbo Mode
Compatible Modems
BRAND NAME FOUNTAIN M12
DEALER NAME THE SOFTWARE STORE
DEALER ADDR MEMPHIS TN38118
PROTOCOLS 212A V.22BIS
MODEM MASK 128
COMMENTS1 SWITCH SETTINGS 1U 2D 2D 4U 5U 6U 7U 8D
COMMENTS2 FULLY HAYES COMPATIBLE
COMMENTS3 EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL MODELS
YOUR NAME JOE R. PELLICCIOTTI
YOUR ADDRESS 1717 DENISON, MEMPHIS TN
YOUR PHONE 901-761-3614 DATA
BRAND NAME Volksmodem 12
DEALER NAME Texas Computer Systems
DEALER ADDR Grand Prarie TX
PROTOCOLS 300/1200 Bell
MODEM MASK 128
SWITCH SET all down
COMMENTS1 All switches down give Hayes emulation.
COMMENTS2 Modem takes longer to identify
baud rates and switch than Hayes
BRAND NAME Prometheus PRO 1200 modem
DEALER NAME 1st. Place Computer
Fidonews Page 9 19 May 1986
DEALER ADDR Phoenix, AZ
PROTOCOLS 300/1200
MODEM MASK 128
SWITCH SET ++-+-+--+-
COMMENTS1 +=on, -=off
COMMENTS2 /1 1/j 5/s /u 128/v other switch
settings in command line
COMMENTS3 Hayes Compat.Command Set
YOUR NAME Thomas Kenney
YOUR ADDRESS 107/316
YOUR PHONE 201-286-2546
Again, let's keep this list going by sending new information to
Bill Allbritten on 11/301, (502) 762-3140 24 hrs.
Ever had a birthday that went by without anybody noticing? Well,
I have a friend, a very close friend, with that problem. She's
about to turn 27, thinks she's getting old, kinda lonely as all
her friends keep getting married. Anyway, she *claims* that she
never gets any cards for her birthday, so she might as well quit
having them. I'd like to help her out, and you can help.
Why not send her a card? Yes, you! I tried a similar thing on
another friend a few years back in college. Called all my
friends around the country and enlisted their aid; they called
their friends etc. Total turnout: over 250 birthday cards for a
young lady who said she never got anything for her birthday. She
loved it! And that was without the power of FIDONET!
So how 'bout it? Make her day, and make her believe all the
things I've told her about the nice people running around on
bulletin boards. Send that card to:
Dolores
6097 Westbrook
Brook Park, OH 44142
Her birthday is May 21. Tell your friends, tell everybody.
Let's make this a birthday she'll never forget!
After joining the FidoNet BBS system in March of this year,
we have been at a loss as to how best serve our user's and other
Fido Sysop's. Finally after drifting along rather aimlessly for
a few months, we decided that perhaps the best way was with what
we do best, providing timely, extensive, complete employment
vacancy information dealing with the Computer Industry.
Currently we do produce regular employment newsletters which
are utilized by other businesses, and made available to people
via libraries and colleges. We thought perhaps some of the
people associated with FidoNet could make use of the same
information. Employment listings available immediately are
placed in two files, as follows:
File extensions will be .TXT for text files that can be
viewed while on-line, or .ARC files that can be downloaded and
reviewed at your own convenience (much better for long distance
calls.) The positions will include vacancies nationwide, although
admittedly more from the Washington, D.C. area (due to the vast
influx of new businesses in the Metro area), and will be updated
on a weekly basis (each Sunday).
There is no charge associated with this service, instead it
is to be run via the "contribution if-it-works-for-you" idea.
Should you benefit from any information, such as finding gainful
employment, all we ask is for a donation of any amount you deem
appropriate. The same applies to companies or recruiters, should
they wish to have any openings included in any issues, there is
no charge directly. Should any respondents prove to be "well
received" and they feel the listing worked well, any contribution
deemed appropriate will be greatly appreciated. Please note, 25%
of all contributions received will be sent to Tom Jennings, in
thanks for the very wonderful FidoNet BBS system we all enjoy
using today.
If any in the FidoNet would like to have these listing sent
to then via FidoNet Mail, please contact us via netmail to
NOVA_WEG 109/626 or directly at:
WEG Systems
P.O. Box 5072
Springfield, Va 22150
If the "requests for listings to-be-sent" is large enough we
will investigate the best way to set-up and coordinate that type
of activity. This information may prove most valuable (again) to
colleges or networking hobbyists where individuals are "looking"
for that perfect position. Do let us know your thoughts.
Fidonews Page 12 19 May 1986
We do hope that in providing this information we can
contribute in a meaningful way to the "upward pursuits" of all of
you involved in the Computer field.
Well, for any of you out there with these two pieces of software
I suppose you may have tried to put them together and had a bit
of a problem. I know I did when I tried. However, for me there
was little choice. If I wanted to run a Fido, I had to have them
working together. You see, we had just put a second network in-
house and my AT is the file server. So... head scratching time.
After watching the symptoms for a few minutes the problem began
to look kinda familiar. Then I remembered seeing somewhere in
the documentation (don't ask me where) that Fido was linked using
Plink86 and that overlays were being used. BINGO. It is a known
problem that I have had with some other software. The fix is
quit simple. Below you will find a generic version of it as I am
not sure but that the location of the fix will change from
version to version.
This assumes some knowledge of IBM's Debug utility. If you do
not have any knowledge of it I suggest you look in the
documentation.
1). Locate a four byte Hex sequence as follows:
B4 EF CD 21
For your information this translates to:
MOV AH,EFH
INT 21H
2). Change these 4 bytes to hex 90. This replaces the two
instructions above with 4 NOP instructions.
This is a reprint of an article that appeared in these pages last
year. I am submitting it again to stimulate more responses. This
will be NEW to many new Nodes.
ON THE INTERESTS OF FIDO:
A COLLECTION PROPOSAL TO ALL
Kurt Reisler's idea of centralizing the collection of information
on where various versions of the Fido system can be found has
spawned an imitator (the SINCEREST form of flattery, Kurt) with a
similar plan to collect a different bunch of information.
When I show someone the FidoList, their first reaction is
amazement. The next question they ask is "What do all those
people do on all those systems?". I give them the general low-
down on Fido and how the Net operates, but they want to know what
each node is into, specifically.
There is a small amount of information to be gained from perusing
the titles of the nodes but what would the uninitiated make of
'YAFIP' (109/610), for example? For that matter, what would the
seasoned Fidoite make of it?
With this info as background and for the sake of idle curiosity,
I propose the following:
1. Any and all members of the Network send a FidoMail message to
me with a capsule summary of the main thrust of their board
and a list of the types of computers they support with files
and/or message areas.
2. All nodes submitting this info also include any unique or
specialty areas of interest they support, i.e., Fire/Rescue,
Amateur Radio, Equestrians, Antique Autos, U.F.O.
Observations, etc.
In turn, I will compile all the info that comes in and make the
resulting file available to FidoNews or other Fidos by FidoMail
or download.
So, send those cards and letters folks and let's find out what
kind of resources we really have in this Network. FidoMail your
responses to: Metro-Fire Fido, 135/14, (305) 596-8611; the more
the merrier.
Thanks in advance for your assistance.
* * * * * *
This article generated a very small response (thirteen, to be
exact) when it was first published. I have received several
requests for the results in recent days and don't have much to
send out. So...I am soliciting responses, once again, from any
Fidonews Page 15 19 May 1986
and all Nodes everywhere. If you would like to have other people
know what your Node offers, send a Net message to: Sysop, 135/14.
Include a list of message and file areas and a brief statement of
why your Node exists. It doesn't matter whether you are a public
or commercial node, large or small, send in a description and you
will be included. If you have any special access requirements, be
sure to include them in the message. If you are a SEAdog capable
Node, include that info too. After I receive at least 50
responses, I will generate a Fido Interest Index and send it out
to all Region Coordinators and requesting Nodes.
Don't put it off, this time!
By the way, YAFIP stands for "Yet Another Fido In Potomac".
Many fires are caused by loose electrical wire connections in
factories, hotels, and homes. I have made a prototype and tested
a circuit that will trip a convenience outlet circuit if a loose
connection develops.
The method that I have developed works fine. However the
installation cost is too high for it to be a marketable product.
The idea is sound, and warrants pursuit. As some may know, a
circuit breaker, that is now used as a circuit protector, only
trips if there is a short across the circuit wiring. If there was
no breaker the wires would over heat from excessive current and
burn, causing a fire. There is no protection for a loose joint,
that can also cause a fire. The loose joint arcs like a small
electrical welder. If there is a load on the line, this arcing
causes the joint to deteriorate rapidly, and become a hot spot.
There is some protection as the wire should be enclosed in a
metal box. However, if the load is not released the heat becomes
intense enough to cause a fire. The circuit draws less current
as the arc increases, so the breaker will not trip. My device
trips and closes down the circuit. I am open to suggestions, and
ideas that I will experiment with. If interests are aroused,
then contact me via Fidonet. Many lives will be saved if this
system can become an inexpensive product.
Anyone with any ideas or suggestions, can contact:
Many good utilities are available on bulletin boards around the
country. Most of these are useful, some are indispensable a few
can cause real harm.
With several utilities providing the same function the question
is, which one will work best in a given situation? An example
are utilities which move files from one sub directory to another.
In the files section of Fresno Micro Fone AT I found 4 such
utilities:
MV - Move or Rename Files/Sub-directories
Version 2.03 - June 9, 1985
For PC-DOS Versions 2.0 and Above
(C) Copyright 1985 Harry G. McGavran, Jr.
MOVE.COM - Allows you to actually move a file from one
directory to another without an intermediate copy.
(C) Copyright SoftWorks Development, 1985, 1986
Included are copyright, version, date and author information
where this was available with the software.
I would like to know if you use any of these utilities and which
one you use. I suspect there may be other similar programs out
there, if you use something else I'd like to know about that
also. If you have tried more than one of these, tell me why you
chose the one you using. If any of these have created problems,
I would like to know that also.
I know this survey will be of interest to those of you who
respond. If I receive a good responses, I will publish these in
a future issue of Fido News. If there is enough interest in this
type of information, I will conduct similar surveys for other
types of utilities.
=================================================================
FOR SALE
=================================================================
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE FOR YOUR PC!
SUPERDOTS! KALAH!
Professional quality games include PASCAL source! From the
author of KALAH Version 1.6, SuperDots, a variation of the
popular pencil/paper DOTS game, has MAGIC and HIDDEN DOT
options. KALAH 1.7 is an African strategy game requiring
skill to manipulate pegs around a playing board. Both games
use the ANSI Escape sequences provided with the ANSI.SYS
device driver for the IBM-PC, or built into the firmware on
the DEC Rainbow. Only $19.95 each or $39.95 for both
exciting games! Please specify version and disk format.
These games have been written in standard TURBO-PASCAL and
run on the IBM-PC, DEC Rainbow 100 (MSDOS and CPM), CPM/80,
CPM/86, and PDP-11. Other disk formats are available, but
minor customization may be required.
BSS Software
P.O. Box 3827
Cherry Hill, NJ 08034
For every order placed, a donation will be made to the Fido
coordinators! Also, if you have a previous version of KALAH
and send me a donation, a portion of that donation will also
be sent to the coordinators. When you place an order, BE
CERTAIN TO MENTION WHERE YOU SAW THE AD since it also
appears in PC Magazine and Digital Review.
Questions and comments can be sent to:
Brian Sietz at Fido 107/17
(609) 429-6630 300/1200/2400 baud
14 Jun 1986
The Next Occasional MetroNet Sysop Meeting, to be held in West
Milford, New Jersey. Contact The Wizard at node 107/16 for
details and directions.
24 Aug 1989
Voyager 2 passes Neptune.
If you have something which you would like to see on this
calendar, please send a message to FidoNet node 1/1.
We have again entered our semiannual Period of Confusion. I
had hoped this year would be easier, since FidoNet mail times
didn't really change, but, alas. . .
For the record, if when the country shifts it clocks you do
nothing, your mail schedules will be right! If you prefer to
reset your system clock to match "wall clock" time, then move
your mail schedules in the same direction and your still right.
The following table lists the start time for the national
mail event for the "contiguous 48." and is correct year 'round:
Pacific Standard Time 1:00
Pacific Daylight Time 2:00
Mountain Standard Time 2:00
Mountain Daylight Time 3:00
Central Standard Time 3:00
Central Daylight Time 4:00
Eastern Standard Time 4:00
Eastern Daylight Time 5:00
Just pick out the time by which you set your clock, and set
your mail schedules so that the start or your national mail event
corresponds to the time in the table.
