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L+US  UT������The Gopher+ 3D ۻ<UQ     UT�����mBlock
+US��UU�����HThe Gopher+ 3D block contains information and hints about how to render 7UR��UU����sRGopherSpace VR scenes. This information is fairly simple, and extensible to other CUQ��UU���Uforms of hints. Clients should use the hints they can and ignore the ones they don�t �OUP��UU@��v know about.
ugUO��UU ��TEach hint is defined by a token followed by a colon, with hint specific information �tsUN��UU@��[&following. Here is a sample 3D block.
�UM��UU`���$+3D:
�UL��UU`N�� Location: 0, 200, 0
�UK��UU`O�� Orientation: 0, 45, 0
���UJ��UU`P�S� Color: 0.0, 1.0, 0.0
�UI��UU`Q���I� Object: gopher://arcwelder.micro.umn.edu:70/00/3dobjects/dart.geom
u�UH��UU`R��
�UG��UU ��Y�This block tells a GopherSpace VR browser to place the object at (x,y,z) coordinates ��UF��UU��Y(0,200,0) and that the object is the rgb color (0.0, 1.0, 0.0) - Green. The Object: hint ��UE��UU��3DBspecifies that we should fetch the file /3dobjects/dart.geom from �UD��UU��erTarcwelder.micro.umn.edu which provides the 3D representation of a dart. The dart is UUUC��UU@�� h*then rotated 45 degrees along the Y-axis.
UB��UU`��s �
nE��  UT�������GopherVR Hint V�� UT�����Reference Guide
inE����UU���owUBelow is a list of the hints currently being supported by the GopherVR clients. They sQ����UU���.
Vprovide basic functionality you would expect to find in any 3D package. Currently the ]����UU���enVhints allow you to: move an object to a specific location; rotate the object about an i����UU�� g]arbitrary axis; scale the object about an arbitrary axis; specify an object description; and �u����UU@��Thto specify an ambient sound.
�����UU`��he� Location: X, Y, Z
nat�����UU ���Y�This specifies the X, Y, Z coordinates of this specific Gopher object. These values i�����UU���S(all units can be floating point values or integers) are relative to the Kiosk. In ������UU@��crCeach GopherVR scene the Kiosk is placed at coordinates (0, 0, 0).
UU����UU`�� hL�To translate the object to 2000 units north of the kiosk we�d specify:
UT����UU`��Go�Location: 2000, 0, 0
����UU`T�id�
�����UU`��Be�Orientation: Rx, Ry, Rz
re5����UU ��edX�This hint specifies in which direction the object should be facing. Rx, Ry, and Rz d A����UU��anRare rotations about the X, Y, and Z-axis respectively. These values are expressed M����UU@��at-in degrees, and can be positive or negative.
�dӧut �ecy Hf$�X��Өv �Hf$�X��J UU����UU`��atC�To rotate an object 180 degrees about the Y-axis specify:
co����UU`��sp�Orientation: 0, 180, 0
lu6����UU`����
aN����UU`��oa�Scale: Sx, Sy, Sz
f����UU ��e ]�This hint specifies how to scale the object. Sx, Sy, and Sz are scale factors on the X, sr����UU@����Y, and Z-axis respectively.
sl�����UU`��20<�To make an object twice the normal height specify:
Go�����UU`U�00�Size: 1, 2, 1
`T�����UU`����3�Note that a zero scale is pretty meaningless.
UUҪ���UU`��s �
eꪠ��UU`��re�Object: URL
o����UU S� RV�This hint specifies how the object should be drawn. The URL specifies a Uniform ����UUS�exQResource Locator for an object description. The object description can be in any ����UUS�uQnumber of formats, the client should find the MIME type of the object to get the &����UU@S���#specific type of object data file.
��>����UU`��T=�Here�s an example of representing an item as a cow:
oV����UU`V�spK��Object: gopher://arcwelder.micro.umn.edu:70/00/3dfarmobjects/cow
�oan����UU ��y,[��Note: Some clients may ignore this entry, especially if your object is in a weird e sz����UU@��or unknown file format.
Y,�����UU`��ti�
l�U@  UT�� ��20Using Hints And ob�U> UT��@��ma The 3D Block
y�U@��UU ��UUO�To use the 3D block on the Unix server you would add the following to your  is�U?��UU@��s.�gopherd.conf� file:

e�U>��UU`��re �blockext: .3d 3D
�U=��UU ��aThen you would create a file with a �.3d� extension for each object you wish to customize. SU<��UU��at_For example, if I had a directory with 2 items ( ��MooCow�� and ��MyDocument�� ) I of U;��UU@��t ;would create the appropriate �.3d� files as follows:
UU#U:��UU`�� tMooCow       MyDocument
��/U9��UU`X�T�MooCow.3d    MyDocument.3d
sen;U8��UU`[�co�
oGU7��UU`\�sp�
dӪu:< �w oa6f$�X��ӫv# l6f$�X��J r ����UU`��rd�% cat MooCow.3d
����UU`Y�fo"�Location: 1000, -2000, -2000
$����UU`Z�20�Scale: 5, 5, 5
�U><����UU`��Th�% cat MyDocument.3d
�N����UU`]�he!�Location: 1000, -1000, 1000
uZ����UU`^�ng�Scale: 2, 4, 4
UUf����UU`_�erF�Object: gopher://arcwelder.micro.umn.edu:70/00/3dobjects/moo.geom
~����UU`�� y�
d�UL  UT�����h The GopherVR x�UJ     UT�����bj Coordinate to �UH     UT�������System
�at�UL��UU���I 9�The GopherVR coordinate system is defined as follow:
D�UK��UU���f RThe X and Z-axis form the ground plane. The X-axis runs left to right, the Z-axis �UJ��UU��� truns in and out of the screen.
���UI��UU���MoHThe Y-axis runs up and down. The -Y-axis is UP and the +Y-axis is DOWN.
sp�UH��UU ��RThe Initial viewpoint orientates your eye so it looks towards the +X-axis, the +Z-�UG��UU@�� lHaxis to its left, the -Z-axis to its right, and the -X-axis behind it.
% UF��UU`�RThe groundplane is 40000 units along the X-axis and 40000 units along the Z-axis.
UE��UU`���.The Kiosk is placed at coordinates (0, 0, 0).
'UD��UU`�Lo:� The following chart illustrates all of these points:
?UC��UU``����
_WUB��UU`a�go�
aoUA��UU`b�.e�
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dӭuh= �rit,Hf$�X��Ӯv= nHf$�X��J%Th����UU`p�nd
wUS  UT����UP Example Of A s*UQ     UT������Custom �;UO UT����poGopherVR Server
r US��UU��waLDuring the development of GopherVR we created many custom scenes, but we�ve  i%UR��UU��-XPnever developed an entire custom server. We�ve started to put together a server  X1UQ��UU��itRdedicated to William S. Burroughs and customized it to make it GopherVR aware. We =UP��UU��Pwanted to show how GopherAdmins would manually create clusters of Gopher items, ��IUO��UU@�UUXand GopherVR scenes. The server can be found at �<URL:gopher://huskerdu:6767/1>�.

daUN��UU �UUZ�After selecting �William S. Burroughs� from the main menu the user enters a directory mUM��UU@�UUFwith 10 items, split into 4 groups. The items are grouped as follows:
�UL��UU` ��Books About WSB
�UK��UU`q�$�Books By William S. Burroughs
=�UJ��UU`r�$Books With WSB Contributions
�UI��UU`
�UU&�Friends Of William S. Burroughs
�UH��UU`s���William S. Burroughs Jr.
�UG��UU` �er)�Interviews Of William S. Burroughs
e�UF��UU`t�phMagazines And Periodicals
cen�UE��UU` �URSound Recordings
er �UD��UU`����Video Recordings
sta�UC��UU`u�er�Art And Exhibitions
      UB��UU`v� W�
SUA��UU  �stU We�ve placed the 4 groups around the kiosk. We�ve also placed each group in each of A!U@��UU �lyTthe 4 quadrants - the idea being that the pattern on the groundplane can be used to ve-U?��UU@ �Dorganize information, as well as to help users navigate the scene.
r EU>��UU`4� S
u]U=��UU`�ma�
uU<��UU`�di�
�U;��UU`��UU�
1�U:��UU`��o �
s�U9��UU`��ou�
f�U8��UU`��UU�
�U7��UU`�� W�
KU6��UU`���
sU5��UU`��ro�
=5U4��UU`��$�
sMU3��UU`��ti�
IdӰu. �UUs6f$�X��ӱv U6f$�X��mqJgh����UU`��t�
M����UU �di\�Selecting the item �Books About WSB� brings us to a scene where the clustering is a bit ta*����UU@�ermore subtle.
B����UU h���
� M

=��UU �UUY�Here the two clusters divide the books about William S. Burroughs into the books men <��UU@� Utioning him (often with other authors), and those where he is the focus of the book.
t.;��UU`� Z� Choosing the item �Sound Recordings� from the previous menu brings us to this scene:
F:��UU h��UU   �N
dӳuU ���UUHf$�X��Ӵv fHf$�X��ss J W����UU`��UU�
����UU`��UU�
o6����UU �UUVHere the scene has 3 groups: William S. Burroughs� contributions to the Giorno poetry B����UU�Nproject; William S. Burroughs performing along with other artists; William S. N����UU�ghSBurroughs� solo projects. The cluster of documents pertaining to the Giorno poetry  WSZ����UU�scSproject are subdivided into two smaller clusters: recordings as part of The-Dial-A-hf����UU@�=4Poem-Poets; and general recordings for John Giorno.
b~����UU h� S �O
Rݢ��UU`� �
�}�K  UT����in Generating wit��I     UT����an Clusters
r}�K��UU��ofUWhile creating the scenes it quickly became apparent that we needed to easily create e��J��UU��usUrings of objects. Our first task was finding reasonable X,Y,Z coordinates for a ring ��I��UU��Ucentered around the point (0,0,0). Using those points we transformed the ring to the ��H��UU@���@desired location in order to get rings at arbitrary locations.
��G��UU`�neH�The following is a list of locations on a ring centered at (0,0,0):
��шF��UU`�pr�Location: 1990, 0, 199
f݈E��UU`w�ot�Location: 1623, 0, 1167
�D��UU`x�ou�Location: 822, 0, 1823
��C��UU`y�in�Location: -199, 0, 1990
�B��UU`z�pr�Location: -1167, 0, 1623
lle �A��UU`{�in�Location: -1823, 0, 822
�@��UU`|�Po�Location: -1990, 0, -199
for%�?��UU`}��� �Location: -1623, 0, -1167
��1�>��UU`~�
��Location: -822, 0, -1823
wit=�=��UU`�an�Location: 199, 0, -1990
I�<��UU`��he�Location: 1167, 0, -1623
t tdӶuU  �ec. 6f$�X��ӷ v 6f$�X��"J     ce����UU`��po�Location: 1823, 0, -822
����UU`�� r�
t����UU �UNow, if we wanted to place a ring of objects in the +X+Z quadrant we would translate *����UU�owTthe coordinates by adding a positive X and positive Z value to each X, Z coordinate L6����UU�19Wrespectively. We move the ring by +5000 units along each axis using the following locaon:B����UU@��Ctions:
`yZ����UU`�n:�Location: 6990, 0, 5199
f����UU`���Location: 6623, 0, 6167
r����UU`��at�Location: 5822, 0, 6823
~����UU`��at�Location: 4801, 0, 6990
�����UU`��L�Location: 3833, 0, 6623
�����UU`���Location: 3177, 0, 5822
�����UU`��an�Location: 3010, 0, 4801
�����UU`��he�Location: 3377, 0, 3833
�����UU`���Location: 4178, 0, 3177
ƪ���UU`��ec�Location: 5199, 0, 3010
Ҫ���UU`���Location: 6167, 0, 3377
ު���UU`�����Location: 6823, 0, 4178
ꪘ��UU`����
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-U@  UT��� �anImproving The >U>     UT��� �thScene With Signs
w-U@��UU�!���T�Sometimes, the reasons behind the grouping of a collection of documents becomes X,9U?��UU�!���Zapparent by looking at the titles of the documents in the same cluster; but sometimes the EU>��UU�!���Zreasons behind the grouping is not at all evident. In the cases where the grouping is not QU=��UU!�atYevident it is a good idea to put signs in the scene. When we organized the books written t]U<��UU@!�804by W. S. Burroughs we grouped them into 5 clusters:
0uU;��UU`"�UU�The Major Works
�U:��UU`�����The 1960�s
�U9��UU`�� 0�The 1970�s
UU�U8��UU`��at�The 1980�s

�U7��UU`���The 1990�s
17d׀!ut"" �����Hf$�X��ׁ"v!
Hf$�X��uu 1J
41����UU h� �P
�D1��UU`�����
)D0��UU $�anZ�We centered the major works about the origin, and the other clusters in each of the 4 5D/��UU$�d Squadrants. We then created large billboards which we suspended above the clusters.  loAD.��UU@$�s 9Here is the �.3d �file for the �1990�s� billboard:
>YD-��UU`%�re�% cat �The 1990�s.3d�
notqD,��UU`&�n "�Location: -5000, -3000, -5000
}D+��UU`��at�Orientation: 0, 45, 0
o p�D*��UU`��en�Scale: 4, 4, 4
the�D)��UU`'�U<�
U���  UT���(� BStacking Items
ed �����UU�W�rs[�When we first constructed the scene we placed all of the documents on the groundplane, �������UUW�TVbut the scene became too crowded too fast. Having realized that some of the documents �����UUW�Tpointed to translations of books we wondered if we could group the translation of a �����UU@W�$)book along with the entry for the book.
������UU )�^�One solution is to make the book�s item a directory, and to place all entries of the book ����UU)�e Yin the directory. While this is a solution we weren�t too happy with it since you had to b����UU@)�peFcheck each directory for translations. This could become too tedious.
+����UU *�90X�What we decided to do was to stack each translation of a book over the entry of the 7����UU*� -Tbook. It becomes extremely obvious which books can be read in a language other than C����UU@*�he       English.
U�����#z6i%|UUW3l���$})+#n3l�f t d3m�l����%}&#h��o cwd����g��&z%'# ��g!oo  UT     UT��`f�we�-Z oupf��'z&(# $f"�� UT     UT��`g��+Z uti���(z')# a�#UU UT     UT��`h�ir�+X hil�� ��)z($# i�� $ch UT     UT��`i� f�-X atid��*u�11 � wde?$N��+�$,#f?$Nent o�9?$?$E��,�+-#f?$Ecane Ti?$�o6��-�,.#s�o6��o����G��.�-/#��G$}+������5 ��/�.0# ��5 % UT     UT��`j� �-20000 g6�0�/2# 6&UT     UT     UT��`k�-Z �+20000 6f$�X����1v* 6f$�X��yy"lJ ������UU h+�ti
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B�h��UU -�U�When creating stacks we found that spacing the items by 1000 units seems to work �N�g��UU-� iefairly well. Here are what the �.3d �files for the �Yage Letters� and some of its translations �Z�f��UU@-�� consist of:
r�e��UU`.�% cat �The Yage Letters.3d�
��d��UU`���Location: 6990, 0, 5199
��c��UU`����Orientation: 0, 30, 0
��b��UU`���
��a��UU`/�$% cat �Auf Der Suche Nach Yage.3d�
ƪ`��UU`��!�Location: 6990, -1000, 5199
/Ҫ_��UU`���Orientation: 0, 30, 0
ު^��UU`��
�]��UU`0� % cat �Les Lettres Du Yage.3d�
�\��UU`��UT!�Location: 6990, -3000, 5199
�[��UU`���Orientation: 0, 30, 0
-U   UT���2� Redefining >U     UT���2���Objects
-U��UU�3�$\�Something we didn�t find the need for in the WSB server but is supported is the ability UU9U��UU�3�
Zto redefine the object�s shape. Up to now we have been telling the client how to override EU��UU�3�10Wattributes such as scale, location, and orientation. What we haven�t overridden is the filQU��UU3�etNshape of an object. This URL �<URL:gopher://huskerdu.micro.umn.edu:7070/11/qU4�2�04#qU4��Uq�Q�����3x6<5;��UU_�)�4�2|# _�)'�       UT     UT��`l�: �EYE 0,?Q6��5w73o?Q6��UU?QuQ�� �ޞ6w#3e�� �UU"P��7�583"P��Or"m@P?6��8w793?6Obct?Q?b[��9�8:3 nb[(th     UT     UT��`�����+X �
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`E`��u� <$pagenum> G5lbu�m^- `@�fved olbu�m^- `@lk5lk5�Index Specification�d�gu�hi �m>$pHu���hvig Hu��iJ `��Fi Customizing Unix Servers For 3D
1�D`��Neophytos IacovouDCS, UofMn
f����UU ��CThis paper describes how to add Gopher+ attributes for controlling �`5r����UU��?a Gopher item�s appearance in GopherSpace VR. For the purposes Spe~����UU��Cof this paper we created a Gopher Server containing information on r�V�����UU��v@the author William S. Burroughs. We then proceeded to customize �����UU��LeEthe appearance of the server. All of the examples presented here are �����UU��_Cspecific to the UofMn Unix Gopher+ Server, but the concepts should [\ �����UU@��C;apply to any Gopher+ server.
;Hj�V�ivhg eHj�VhJ  UT     UT�����`@�Introduction
      UT��UU���ioU�During GopherCon �94 we introduced to the Internet community our thoughts on how US��UU��iTto go about putting a 3-D spatial interface between the user and GopherSpace. Since om!UR��UU�� FSthen we have released GopherVR clients for the Apple Macintosh platform as well as s p-UQ��UU�� tOfor various flavors of UNIX. While new clients are needed to take advantage of  ap9UP��UU��SpRGopherVR, the servers do not have to be upgraded. When using a GopherVR client to EUO��UU@��inScruise GopherSpace the scenes being generated can come from one of three sources.
ded]UN��UU ����YIf the client is not told by the server how to render a scene the client will render the �iUM��UU��spZscene using pre-defined rules. When rendering the contents of a directory the client will uUL��UU�� sVplace the Gopher items in a ring orientation. It will make multiple rings in order to �UK��UU��UTTaccommodate larger directories. When rendering the results of a database search the od�UJ��UU��etWclient will place the returned items in a spiral orientation. In both cases the Gopher nte�UI��UU��usZitem�s icon defaults to a pre-defined shape, and color. A GopherVR client will be able to �UH��UU��shRrender any Gopher item as a GopherVR scene regardless of the Gopher server - this �UG��UU@��d *includes both Gopher and Gopher+ servers.
�UF��UU ��rvP�Using a Gopher+ 3D block GopherAdmins can override the default rendering of in�UE��UU��ceSGopherSpace. By using a Gopher+ attribute any Gopher+ server can be used to create ����UD��UU�� nRcustom GopherVR scenes. This paper will describe how to go about making additions �UC��UU@��inBto your existing Gopher+ server in order to create custom scenes.
UB��UU ����X�Another way to create GopherVR scenes is to allow a program to create the necessary  oUA��UU��UUSGopher+ 3D block for a given Gopher item. 3D spatial clustering algorithms are one arcU@��UU��UUSsubset of such programs. Although this paper does not concentrate on writing these  th)U?��UU@����Ttypes of programs the information presented here will be needed in order to do so.
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