Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) G. Zorn, Ed.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) G. Zorn, Ed.
Request for Comments: 7155 Network Zen
Obsoletes: 4005 April 2014
Category: Standards Track
ISSN: 2070-1721

Diameter Network Access Server Application

Abstract

This document describes the Diameter protocol application used for
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting services in the Network
Access Server (NAS) environment; it obsoletes RFC 4005. When
combined with the Diameter Base protocol, Transport Profile, and
Extensible Authentication Protocol specifications, this application
specification satisfies typical network access services requirements.

Status of This Memo

This is an Internet Standards Track document.

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.

Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7155.

Copyright Notice

Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction ....................................................4
1.1. Changes from RFC 4005 ......................................5
1.2. Terminology ................................................6
1.3. Requirements Language ......................................7
1.4. Advertising Application Support ............................8
1.5. Application Identification .................................8
1.6. Accounting Model ...........................................8
2. NAS Calls, Ports, and Sessions ..................................8
2.1. Diameter Session Establishment .............................9
2.2. Diameter Session Reauthentication or Reauthorization .......9
2.3. Diameter Session Termination ..............................10
3. Diameter NAS Application Messages ..............................11
3.1. AA-Request (AAR) Command ..................................11
3.2. AA-Answer (AAA) Command ...................................13
3.3. Re-Auth-Request (RAR) Command .............................15
3.4. Re-Auth-Answer (RAA) Command ..............................16
3.5. Session-Termination-Request (STR) Command .................17
3.6. Session-Termination-Answer (STA) Command ..................17
3.7. Abort-Session-Request (ASR) Command .......................18
3.8. Abort-Session-Answer (ASA) Command ........................19
3.9. Accounting-Request (ACR) Command ..........................20
3.10. Accounting-Answer (ACA) Command ..........................22
4. Diameter NAS Application AVPs ..................................23
4.1. Derived AVP Data Formats ..................................23
4.1.1. QoSFilterRule ......................................23
4.2. NAS Session AVPs ..........................................24
4.2.1. Call and Session Information .......................24
4.2.2. NAS-Port AVP .......................................25
4.2.3. NAS-Port-Id AVP ....................................25
4.2.4. NAS-Port-Type AVP ..................................26
4.2.5. Called-Station-Id AVP ..............................26
4.2.6. Calling-Station-Id AVP .............................26
4.2.7. Connect-Info AVP ...................................27
4.2.8. Originating-Line-Info AVP ..........................27
4.2.9. Reply-Message AVP ..................................28
4.3. NAS Authentication AVPs ...................................28
4.3.1. User-Password AVP ..................................29
4.3.2. Password-Retry AVP .................................29
4.3.3. Prompt AVP .........................................29
4.3.4. CHAP-Auth AVP ......................................29
4.3.5. CHAP-Algorithm AVP .................................30
4.3.6. CHAP-Ident AVP .....................................30
4.3.7. CHAP-Response AVP ..................................30
4.3.8. CHAP-Challenge AVP .................................30
4.3.9. ARAP-Password AVP ..................................30
4.3.10. ARAP-Challenge-Response AVP .......................31

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4.3.11. ARAP-Security AVP .................................31
4.3.12. ARAP-Security-Data AVP ............................31
4.4. NAS Authorization AVPs ....................................31
4.4.1. Service-Type AVP ...................................33
4.4.2. Callback-Number AVP ................................34
4.4.3. Callback-Id AVP ....................................34
4.4.4. Idle-Timeout AVP ...................................34
4.4.5. Port-Limit AVP .....................................34
4.4.6. NAS-Filter-Rule AVP ................................35
4.4.7. Filter-Id AVP ......................................35
4.4.8. Configuration-Token AVP ............................35
4.4.9. QoS-Filter-Rule AVP ................................35
4.4.10. Framed Access Authorization AVPs ..................36
4.4.10.1. Framed-Protocol AVP ......................36
4.4.10.2. Framed-Routing AVP .......................36
4.4.10.3. Framed-MTU AVP ...........................37
4.4.10.4. Framed-Compression AVP ...................37
4.4.10.5. IP Access Authorization AVPs .............37
4.4.10.5.1. Framed-IP-Address AVP .........37
4.4.10.5.2. Framed-IP-Netmask AVP .........37
4.4.10.5.3. Framed-Route AVP ..............38
4.4.10.5.4. Framed-Pool AVP ...............38
4.4.10.5.5. Framed-Interface-Id AVP .......38
4.4.10.5.6. Framed-IPv6-Prefix AVP ........39
4.4.10.5.7. Framed-IPv6-Route AVP .........39
4.4.10.5.8. Framed-IPv6-Pool AVP ..........39
4.4.10.6. IPX Access AVPs ..........................39
4.4.10.6.1. Framed-IPX-Network AVP ........40
4.4.10.7. AppleTalk Network Access AVPs ............40
4.4.10.7.1. Framed-Appletalk-Link AVP .....40
4.4.10.7.2. Framed-Appletalk-Network AVP ..40
4.4.10.7.3. Framed-Appletalk-Zone AVP .....41
4.4.10.8. AppleTalk Remote Access AVPs .............41
4.4.10.8.1. ARAP-Features AVP .............41
4.4.10.8.2. ARAP-Zone-Access AVP ..........41
4.4.11. Non-Framed Access Authorization AVPs ..............41
4.4.11.1. Login-IP-Host AVP ........................41
4.4.11.2. Login-IPv6-Host AVP ......................42
4.4.11.3. Login-Service AVP ........................42
4.4.11.4. TCP Services .............................42
4.4.11.4.1. Login-TCP-Port AVP ............42
4.4.11.5. LAT Services .............................43
4.4.11.5.1. Login-LAT-Service AVP .........43
4.4.11.5.2. Login-LAT-Node AVP ............43
4.4.11.5.3. Login-LAT-Group AVP ...........44
4.4.11.5.4. Login-LAT-Port AVP ............44
4.5. NAS Tunneling AVPs ........................................45
4.5.1. Tunneling AVP ......................................45

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4.5.2. Tunnel-Type AVP ....................................46
4.5.3. Tunnel-Medium-Type AVP .............................46
4.5.4. Tunnel-Client-Endpoint AVP .........................46
4.5.5. Tunnel-Server-Endpoint AVP .........................47
4.5.6. Tunnel-Password AVP ................................48
4.5.7. Tunnel-Private-Group-Id AVP ........................48
4.5.8. Tunnel-Assignment-Id AVP ...........................48
4.5.9. Tunnel-Preference AVP ..............................50
4.5.10. Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id AVP .........................50
4.5.11. Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id AVP .........................50
4.6. NAS Accounting AVPs .......................................51
4.6.1. Accounting-Input-Octets AVP ........................52
4.6.2. Accounting-Output-Octets AVP .......................52
4.6.3. Accounting-Input-Packets AVP .......................52
4.6.4. Accounting-Output-Packets AVP ......................53
4.6.5. Acct-Session-Time AVP ..............................53
4.6.6. Acct-Authentic AVP .................................53
4.6.7. Accounting-Auth-Method AVP .........................53
4.6.8. Acct-Delay-Time AVP ................................53
4.6.9. Acct-Link-Count AVP ................................54
4.6.10. Acct-Tunnel-Connection AVP ........................55
4.6.11. Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost AVP ......................55
5. AVP Occurrence Tables ..........................................55
5.1. AA-Request / AA-Answer AVP Table ..........................56
5.2. Accounting AVP Tables .....................................58
5.2.1. Framed Access Accounting AVP Table .................59
5.2.2. Non-Framed Access Accounting AVP Table .............61
6. Unicode Considerations .........................................62
7. IANA Considerations ............................................63
8. Security Considerations ........................................63
8.1. Authentication Considerations .............................63
8.2. AVP Considerations ........................................64
9. References .....................................................65
9.1. Normative References ......................................65
9.2. Informative References ....................................65
Appendix A. Acknowledgements ......................................69
A.1. This Document ..............................................69
A.2. RFC 4005 ...................................................69

1. Introduction

This document describes the Diameter protocol application used for
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting in the Network Access
Server (NAS) environment. When combined with the Diameter Base
protocol [RFC6733], Transport Profile [RFC3539], and Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP) [RFC4072] specifications, this
specification satisfies the NAS-related requirements defined in
[RFC2989] and [RFC3169].

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First, this document describes the operation of a Diameter NAS
application. Then, it defines the Diameter message command codes.
The following sections list the AVPs used in these messages, grouped
by common usage. These are session identification, authentication,
authorization, tunneling, and accounting. The authorization AVPs are
further broken down by service type.

1.1. Changes from RFC 4005

This document obsoletes [RFC4005] and is not backward compatible with
that document. An overview of some of the major changes is given
below.

o All of the material regarding RADIUS/Diameter protocol
interactions has been removed; however, where AVPs are derived
from RADIUS Attributes, the range and format of those Attribute
values have been retained for ease of transition.

o The Command Code Format (CCF) [RFC6733] for the Accounting-Request
and Accounting-Answer messages has been changed to explicitly
require the inclusion of the Acct-Application-Id AVP and exclude
the Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP. Normally, this type of
change would require the allocation of a new command code (see
Section 1.3.3 of [RFC6733]) and consequently, a new application-
id. However, the presence of an instance of the Acct-Application-
Id AVP was required in [RFC4005], as well:

The Accounting-Request (ACR) message [BASE] is sent by the NAS
to report its session information to a target server
downstream.

Either the Acct-Application-Id or the Vendor-Specific-
Application-Id AVP MUST be present. If the Vendor-Specific-
Application-Id grouped AVP is present, it must have an Acct-
Application-Id inside.

Thus, though the syntax of the commands has changed, the semantics
have not (with the caveat that the Acct-Application-Id AVP can no
longer be contained in the Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP).

o The lists of RADIUS attribute values have been deleted in favor of
references to the appropriate IANA registries.

o The accounting model to be used is now specified (see
Section 1.6).

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There are many other miscellaneous fixes that have been introduced in
this document that may not be considered significant, but they are
useful nonetheless. Examples are fixes to example IP addresses,
addition of clarifying references, etc. Errata reports filed against
[RFC4005] at the time of writing have been reviewed and incorporated
as necessary. A comprehensive list of changes is not shown here for
practical reasons.

1.2. Terminology

Section 1.2 of the Diameter Base protocol specification [RFC6733]
defines most of the terminology used in this document. Additionally,
the following terms and acronyms are used in this application:

NAS (Network Access Server)

A device that provides an access service for a user to a network.
The service may be a network connection or a value-added service
such as terminal emulation [RFC2881].

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)

A multiprotocol serial datalink. PPP is the primary IP datalink
used for dial-in NAS connection service [RFC1661].

CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)

An authentication process used in PPP [RFC1994].

PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)

A deprecated PPP authentication process, but often used for
backward compatibility [RFC1334].

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)

A serial datalink that only supports IP. A design prior to PPP.

ARAP (AppleTalk Remote Access Protocol)

A serial datalink for accessing AppleTalk networks [ARAP].

IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange)

The network protocol used by NetWare networks [IPX].

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L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol)

L2TP [RFC3931] provides a dynamic mechanism for tunneling Layer 2
"circuits" across a packet-oriented data network.

LAC (L2TP Access Concentrator)

An L2TP Control Connection Endpoint being used to cross-connect an
L2TP session directly to a datalink [RFC3931].

LAT (Local Area Transport)

A Digital Equipment Corp. LAN protocol for terminal services
[LAT].

LCP (Link Control Protocol)

One of the three major components of PPP [RFC1661]. LCP is used
to automatically agree upon encapsulation format options, handle
varying limits on sizes of packets, detect a looped-back link and
other common misconfiguration errors, and terminate the link.
Other optional facilities provided are authentication of the
identity of its peer on the link, and determination when a link is
functioning properly and when it is failing.

PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)

A protocol that allows PPP to be tunneled through an IP network
[RFC2637].

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

In this document, this term is used to describe access services
that use tunneling methods.

1.3. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[RFC2119].

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The use of "MUST" and "MUST NOT" in the AVP Flag Rules columns of AVP
Tables in this document refers to AVP flags ([RFC6733], Section 4.1)
that:

o MUST be set to 1 in the AVP Header ("MUST" column) and

o MUST NOT be set to 1 ("MUST NOT" column)

1.4. Advertising Application Support

Diameter nodes conforming to this specification MUST advertise
support by including the value of one (1) in the Auth-Application-Id
of the Capabilities-Exchange-Request (CER) message [RFC6733].

1.5. Application Identification

When used in this application, the Auth-Application-Id AVP MUST be
set to the value one (1) in the following messages

o AA-Request (Section 3.1)

o Re-Auth-Request(Section 3.3)

o Session-Termination-Request (Section 3.5)

o Abort-Session-Request (Section 3.7)

1.6. Accounting Model

It is RECOMMENDED that the coupled accounting model (RFC 6733,
Section 9.3) be used with this application; therefore, the value of
the Acct-Application-Id AVP in the Accounting-Request (Section 3.9)
and Accounting-Answer (Section 3.10) messages SHOULD be set to one
(1).

2. NAS Calls, Ports, and Sessions

The arrival of a new call or service connection at a port of a
Network Access Server (NAS) starts a Diameter NAS Application message
exchange. Information about the call, the identity of the user, and
the user's authentication information are packaged into a Diameter
AA-Request (AAR) message and sent to a server.

The server processes the information and responds with a Diameter AA-
Answer (AAA) message that contains authorization information for the
NAS or a failure code (Result-Code AVP). A value of

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DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH indicates an additional authentication
exchange, and several AAR and AAA messages may be exchanged until the
transaction completes.

2.1. Diameter Session Establishment

When the authentication or authorization exchange completes
successfully, the NAS application SHOULD start a session context. If
the Result-Code of DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH is returned, the
exchange continues until a success or error is returned.

If accounting is active, the application MUST also send an Accounting
message [RFC6733]. An Accounting-Record-Type of START_RECORD is sent
for a new session. If a session fails to start, the EVENT_RECORD
message is sent with the reason for the failure described.

Note that the return of an unsupportable Accounting-Realtime-Required
value [RFC6733] would result in a failure to establish the session.

2.2. Diameter Session Reauthentication or Reauthorization

The Diameter Base protocol allows users to be periodically
reauthenticated and/or reauthorized. In such instances, the Session-
Id AVP in the AAR message MUST be the same as the one present in the
original authentication/authorization message.

A Diameter server informs the NAS of the maximum time allowed before
reauthentication or reauthorization via the Authorization-Lifetime
AVP [RFC6733]. A NAS MAY reauthenticate and/or reauthorize before
the end, but a NAS MUST reauthenticate and/or reauthorize at the end
of the period provided by the Authorization-Lifetime AVP. The
failure of a reauthentication exchange will terminate the service.

Furthermore, it is possible for Diameter servers to issue an
unsolicited reauthentication and/or reauthorization request (e.g.,
Re-Auth-Request (RAR) message [RFC6733]) to the NAS. Upon receipt of
such a message, the NAS MUST respond to the request with a Re-Auth-
Answer (RAA) message [RFC6733].

If the RAR properly identifies an active session, the NAS will
initiate a new local reauthentication or authorization sequence as
indicated by the Re-Auth-Request-Type value. This will cause the NAS
to send a new AAR message using the existing Session-Id. The server
will respond with an AAA message to specify the new service
parameters.

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If accounting is active, every change of authentication or
authorization SHOULD generate an accounting message. If the NAS
service is a continuation of the prior user context, then an
Accounting-Record-Type of INTERIM_RECORD indicating the new session
attributes and cumulative status would be appropriate. If a new user
or a significant change in authorization is detected by the NAS, then
the service may send two messages of the types STOP_RECORD and
START_RECORD. Accounting may change the subsession identifiers
(Acct-Session-Id, or Acct-Sub-Session-Id) to indicate such
subsessions. A service may also use a different Session-Id value for
accounting (see Section 9.6 of [RFC6733]).

However, the Diameter Session-Id AVP value used for the initial
authorization exchange MUST be used to generate an STR message when
the session context is terminated.

2.3. Diameter Session Termination

When a NAS receives an indication that a user's session is being
disconnected by the client (e.g., an LCP Terminate-Request message
[RFC1661] is received) or an administrative command, the NAS MUST
issue a Session-Termination-Request (STR) [RFC6733] to its Diameter
server. This will ensure that any resources maintained on the
servers are freed appropriately.

Furthermore, a NAS that receives an Abort-Session-Request (ASR)
[RFC6733] MUST issue an Abort-Session-Answer (ASA) if the session
identified is active and disconnect the PPP (or tunneling) session.

If accounting is active, an Accounting STOP_RECORD message [RFC6733]
MUST be sent upon termination of the session context.

More information on Diameter Session Termination can be found in
Sections 8.4 and 8.5 of [RFC6733].

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3. Diameter NAS Application Messages

This section defines the Diameter message Command Code [RFC6733]
values that MUST be supported by all Diameter implementations
conforming to this specification. The Command Codes are as follows:

+-----------------------------------+---------+------+--------------+
| Command Name | Abbrev. | Code | Reference |
+-----------------------------------+---------+------+--------------+
| AA-Request | AAR | 265 | Section 3.1 |
| AA-Answer | AAA | 265 | Section 3.2 |
| Re-Auth-Request | RAR | 258 | Section 3.3 |
| Re-Auth-Answer | RAA | 258 | Section 3.4 |
| Session-Termination-Request | STR | 275 | Section 3.5 |
| Session-Termination-Answer | STA | 275 | Section 3.6 |
| Abort-Session-Request | ASR | 274 | Section 3.7 |
| Abort-Session-Answer | ASA | 274 | Section 3.8 |
| Accounting-Request | ACR | 271 | Section 3.9 |
| Accounting-Answer | ACA | 271 | Section 3.10 |
+-----------------------------------+---------+------+--------------+

Note that the message formats in the following subsections use the
standard Diameter Command Code Format ([RFC6733], Section 3.2).

3.1. AA-Request (AAR) Command

The AA-Request (AAR), which is indicated by setting the Command Code
field to 265 and the 'R' bit in the Command Flags field, is used to
request authentication and/or authorization for a given NAS user.
The type of request is identified through the Auth-Request-Type AVP
[RFC6733]. The recommended value for most situations is
AUTHORIZE_AUTHENTICATE.

If Authentication is requested, the User-Name attribute SHOULD be
present, as well as any additional authentication AVPs that would
carry the password information. A request for authorization SHOULD
only include the information from which the authorization will be
performed, such as the User-Name, Called-Station-Id, or Calling-
Station-Id AVPs. All requests SHOULD contain AVPs uniquely
identifying the source of the call, such as Origin-Host and NAS-Port.
Certain networks MAY use different AVPs for authorization purposes.
A request for authorization will include some AVPs defined in
Section 4.4.

It is possible for a single session to be authorized first and then
for an authentication request to follow.

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This AA-Request message MAY be the result of a multi-round
authentication exchange, which occurs when the AA-Answer message is
received with the Result-Code AVP set to DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH.
A subsequent AAR message SHOULD be sent, with the User-Password AVP
that includes the user's response to the prompt and MUST include any
State AVPs that were present in the AAA message.

Message Format

<AA-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: 265, REQ, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Auth-Application-Id }
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
{ Destination-Realm }
{ Auth-Request-Type }
[ Destination-Host ]
[ NAS-Identifier ]
[ NAS-IP-Address ]
[ NAS-IPv6-Address ]
[ NAS-Port ]
[ NAS-Port-Id ]
[ NAS-Port-Type ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
[ Port-Limit ]
[ User-Name ]
[ User-Password ]
[ Service-Type ]
[ State ]
[ Authorization-Lifetime ]
[ Auth-Grace-Period ]
[ Auth-Session-State ]
[ Callback-Number ]
[ Called-Station-Id ]
[ Calling-Station-Id ]
[ Originating-Line-Info ]
[ Connect-Info ]
[ CHAP-Auth ]
[ CHAP-Challenge ]
* [ Framed-Compression ]
[ Framed-Interface-Id ]
[ Framed-IP-Address ]
* [ Framed-IPv6-Prefix ]
[ Framed-IP-Netmask ]
[ Framed-MTU ]
[ Framed-Protocol ]
[ ARAP-Password ]

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[ ARAP-Security ]
* [ ARAP-Security-Data ]
* [ Login-IP-Host ]
* [ Login-IPv6-Host ]
[ Login-LAT-Group ]
[ Login-LAT-Node ]
[ Login-LAT-Port ]
[ Login-LAT-Service ]
* [ Tunneling ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ Route-Record ]
* [ AVP ]

3.2. AA-Answer (AAA) Command

The AA-Answer (AAA) message is indicated by setting the Command Code
field to 265 and clearing the 'R' bit in the Command Flags field. It
is sent in response to the AA-Request (AAR) message. If
authorization was requested, a successful response will include the
authorization AVPs appropriate for the service being provided, as
defined in Section 4.4.

For authentication exchanges requiring more than a single round trip,
the server MUST set the Result-Code AVP to DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH.

An AAA message with this result code MAY include one Reply-Message or
more and MAY include zero or one State AVPs.

If the Reply-Message AVP was present, the network access server
SHOULD send the text to the user's client to display to the user,
instructing the client to prompt the user for a response. For
example, this can be achieved in PPP via PAP. If it is impossible to
deliver the text prompt to the user, the Diameter NAS Application
client MUST treat the AA-Answer (AAA) with the Reply-Message AVP as
an error and deny access.

Message Format

<AA-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: 265, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Auth-Application-Id }
{ Auth-Request-Type }
{ Result-Code }
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
[ User-Name ]
[ Service-Type ]
* [ Class ]

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* [ Configuration-Token ]
[ Acct-Interim-Interval ]
[ Error-Message ]
[ Error-Reporting-Host ]
* [ Failed-AVP ]
[ Idle-Timeout ]
[ Authorization-Lifetime ]
[ Auth-Grace-Period ]
[ Auth-Session-State ]
[ Re-Auth-Request-Type ]
[ Multi-Round-Time-Out ]
[ Session-Timeout ]
[ State ]
* [ Reply-Message ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
* [ Filter-Id ]
[ Password-Retry ]
[ Port-Limit ]
[ Prompt ]
[ ARAP-Challenge-Response ]
[ ARAP-Features ]
[ ARAP-Security ]
* [ ARAP-Security-Data ]
[ ARAP-Zone-Access ]
[ Callback-Id ]
[ Callback-Number ]
[ Framed-Appletalk-Link ]
* [ Framed-Appletalk-Network ]
[ Framed-Appletalk-Zone ]
* [ Framed-Compression ]
[ Framed-Interface-Id ]
[ Framed-IP-Address ]
* [ Framed-IPv6-Prefix ]
[ Framed-IPv6-Pool ]
* [ Framed-IPv6-Route ]
[ Framed-IP-Netmask ]
* [ Framed-Route ]
[ Framed-Pool ]
[ Framed-IPX-Network ]
[ Framed-MTU ]
[ Framed-Protocol ]
[ Framed-Routing ]
* [ Login-IP-Host ]
* [ Login-IPv6-Host ]
[ Login-LAT-Group ]
[ Login-LAT-Node ]
[ Login-LAT-Port ]

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[ Login-LAT-Service ]
[ Login-Service ]
[ Login-TCP-Port ]
* [ NAS-Filter-Rule ]
* [ QoS-Filter-Rule ]
* [ Tunneling ]
* [ Redirect-Host ]
[ Redirect-Host-Usage ]
[ Redirect-Max-Cache-Time ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ AVP ]

3.3. Re-Auth-Request (RAR) Command

A Diameter server can initiate reauthentication and/or
reauthorization for a particular session by issuing a Re-Auth-Request
(RAR) message [RFC6733].

For example, for prepaid services, the Diameter server that
originally authorized a session may need some confirmation that the
user is still using the services.

If a NAS receives an RAR message with Session-Id equal to a currently
active session and a Re-Auth-Type that includes authentication, it
MUST initiate a reauthentication toward the user, if the service
supports this particular feature.

Message Format

<RA-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: 258, REQ, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
{ Destination-Realm }
{ Destination-Host }
{ Auth-Application-Id }
{ Re-Auth-Request-Type }
[ User-Name ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
[ NAS-Identifier ]
[ NAS-IP-Address ]
[ NAS-IPv6-Address ]
[ NAS-Port ]
[ NAS-Port-Id ]
[ NAS-Port-Type ]
[ Service-Type ]
[ Framed-IP-Address ]

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[ Framed-IPv6-Prefix ]
[ Framed-Interface-Id ]
[ Called-Station-Id ]
[ Calling-Station-Id ]
[ Originating-Line-Info ]
[ Acct-Session-Id ]
[ Acct-Multi-Session-Id ]
[ State ]
* [ Class ]
[ Reply-Message ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ Route-Record ]
* [ AVP ]

3.4. Re-Auth-Answer (RAA) Command

The Re-Auth-Answer (RAA) message [RFC6733] is sent in response to the
RAR. The Result-Code AVP MUST be present and indicates the
disposition of the request.

A successful RAA transaction MUST be followed by an AAR message.

Message Format

<RA-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: 258, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Result-Code }
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
[ User-Name ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
[ Error-Message ]
[ Error-Reporting-Host ]
* [ Failed-AVP ]
* [ Redirected-Host ]
[ Redirected-Host-Usage ]
[ Redirected-Host-Cache-Time ]
[ Service-Type ]
* [ Configuration-Token ]
[ Idle-Timeout ]
[ Authorization-Lifetime ]
[ Auth-Grace-Period ]
[ Re-Auth-Request-Type ]
[ State ]
* [ Class ]
* [ Reply-Message ]
[ Prompt ]

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* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ AVP ]

3.5. Session-Termination-Request (STR) Command

The Session-Termination-Request (STR) message [RFC6733] is sent by
the NAS to inform the Diameter server that an authenticated and/or
authorized session is being terminated.

Message Format

<ST-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: 275, REQ, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
{ Destination-Realm }
{ Auth-Application-Id }
{ Termination-Cause }
[ User-Name ]
[ Destination-Host ]
* [ Class ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ Route-Record ]
* [ AVP ]

3.6. Session-Termination-Answer (STA) Command

The Session-Termination-Answer (STA) message [RFC6733] is sent by the
Diameter server to acknowledge the notification that the session has
been terminated. The Result-Code AVP MUST be present and MAY contain
an indication that an error occurred while the STR was being
serviced.

Upon sending the STA, the Diameter server MUST release all resources
for the session indicated by the Session-Id AVP. Any intermediate
server in the Proxy-Chain MAY also release any resources, if
necessary.

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Message Format

<ST-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: 275, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Result-Code }
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
[ User-Name ]
* [ Class ]
[ Error-Message ]
[ Error-Reporting-Host ]
* [ Failed-AVP ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
* [ Redirect-Host ]
[ Redirect-Host-Usage ]
[ Redirect-Max-Cache-Time ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ AVP ]

3.7. Abort-Session-Request (ASR) Command

The Abort-Session-Request (ASR) message [RFC6733] can be sent by any
Diameter server to the NAS providing session service to request that
the session identified by the Session-Id be stopped.

Message Format

<AS-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: 274, REQ, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
{ Destination-Realm }
{ Destination-Host }
{ Auth-Application-Id }
[ User-Name ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
[ NAS-Identifier ]
[ NAS-IP-Address ]
[ NAS-IPv6-Address ]
[ NAS-Port ]
[ NAS-Port-Id ]
[ NAS-Port-Type ]
[ Service-Type ]
[ Framed-IP-Address ]
[ Framed-IPv6-Prefix ]
[ Framed-Interface-Id ]

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[ Called-Station-Id ]
[ Calling-Station-Id ]
[ Originating-Line-Info ]
[ Acct-Session-Id ]
[ Acct-Multi-Session-Id ]
[ State ]
* [ Class ]
* [ Reply-Message ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ Route-Record ]
* [ AVP ]

3.8. Abort-Session-Answer (ASA) Command

The ASA message [RFC6733] is sent in response to the ASR. The
Result-Code AVP MUST be present and indicates the disposition of the
request.

If the session identified by Session-Id in the ASR was successfully
terminated, the Result-Code is set to DIAMETER_SUCCESS. If the
session is not currently active, the Result-Code AVP is set to
DIAMETER_UNKNOWN_SESSION_ID. If the access device does not stop the
session for any other reason, the Result-Code AVP is set to
DIAMETER_UNABLE_TO_COMPLY.

Message Format

<AS-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: 274, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Result-Code }
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
[ User-Name ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
[ State]
[ Error-Message ]
[ Error-Reporting-Host ]
* [ Failed-AVP ]
* [ Redirected-Host ]
[ Redirected-Host-Usage ]
[ Redirected-Max-Cache-Time ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ AVP ]

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3.9. Accounting-Request (ACR) Command

The ACR message [RFC6733] is sent by the NAS to report its session
information to a target server downstream.

The Acct-Application-Id AVP MUST be present.

The AVPs listed in the Diameter Base protocol specification [RFC6733]
MUST be assumed to be present, as appropriate. NAS service-specific
accounting AVPs SHOULD be present as described in Section 4.6 and the
rest of this specification.

Message Format

<AC-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: 271, REQ, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
{ Destination-Realm }
{ Accounting-Record-Type }
{ Accounting-Record-Number }
{ Acct-Application-Id }
[ User-Name ]
[ Accounting-Sub-Session-Id ]
[ Acct-Session-Id ]
[ Acct-Multi-Session-Id ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
[ Destination-Host ]
[ Event-Timestamp ]
[ Acct-Delay-Time ]
[ NAS-Identifier ]
[ NAS-IP-Address ]
[ NAS-IPv6-Address ]
[ NAS-Port ]
[ NAS-Port-Id ]
[ NAS-Port-Type ]
* [ Class ]
[ Service-Type ]
[ Termination-Cause ]
[ Accounting-Input-Octets ]
[ Accounting-Input-Packets ]
[ Accounting-Output-Octets ]
[ Accounting-Output-Packets ]
[ Acct-Authentic ]
[ Accounting-Auth-Method ]
[ Acct-Link-Count ]
[ Acct-Session-Time ]

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[ Acct-Tunnel-Connection ]
[ Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost ]
[ Callback-Id ]
[ Callback-Number ]
[ Called-Station-Id ]
[ Calling-Station-Id ]
* [ Connection-Info ]
[ Originating-Line-Info ]
[ Authorization-Lifetime ]
[ Session-Timeout ]
[ Idle-Timeout ]
[ Port-Limit ]
[ Accounting-Realtime-Required ]
[ Acct-Interim-Interval ]
* [ Filter-Id ]
* [ NAS-Filter-Rule ]
* [ QoS-Filter-Rule ]
[ Framed-Appletalk-Link ]
[ Framed-Appletalk-Network ]
[ Framed-Appletalk-Zone ]
[ Framed-Compression ]
[ Framed-Interface-Id ]
[ Framed-IP-Address ]
[ Framed-IP-Netmask ]
* [ Framed-IPv6-Prefix ]
[ Framed-IPv6-Pool ]
* [ Framed-IPv6-Route ]
[ Framed-IPX-Network ]
[ Framed-MTU ]
[ Framed-Pool ]
[ Framed-Protocol ]
* [ Framed-Route ]
[ Framed-Routing ]
* [ Login-IP-Host ]
* [ Login-IPv6-Host ]
[ Login-LAT-Group ]
[ Login-LAT-Node ]
[ Login-LAT-Port ]
[ Login-LAT-Service ]
[ Login-Service ]
[ Login-TCP-Port ]
* [ Tunneling ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ Route-Record ]
* [ AVP ]

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3.10. Accounting-Answer (ACA) Command

The ACA message [RFC6733] is used to acknowledge an Accounting-
Request command. The Accounting-Answer command contains the same
Session-Id as the Request.

Only the target Diameter server or home Diameter server SHOULD
respond with the Accounting-Answer command.

The Acct-Application-Id AVP MUST be present.

The AVPs listed in the Diameter Base protocol specification [RFC6733]
MUST be assumed to be present, as appropriate. NAS service-specific
accounting AVPs SHOULD be present as described in Section 4.6 and the
rest of this specification.

Message Format

<AC-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: 271, PXY >
< Session-Id >
{ Result-Code }
{ Origin-Host }
{ Origin-Realm }
{ Accounting-Record-Type }
{ Accounting-Record-Number }
{ Acct-Application-Id }
[ User-Name ]
[ Accounting-Sub-Session-Id ]
[ Acct-Session-Id ]
[ Acct-Multi-Session-Id ]
[ Event-Timestamp ]
[ Error-Message ]
[ Error-Reporting-Host ]
* [ Failed-AVP ]
[ Origin-AAA-Protocol ]
[ Origin-State-Id ]
[ NAS-Identifier ]
[ NAS-IP-Address ]
[ NAS-IPv6-Address ]
[ NAS-Port ]
[ NAS-Port-Id ]
[ NAS-Port-Type ]
[ Service-Type ]
[ Termination-Cause ]
[ Accounting-Realtime-Required ]

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[ Acct-Interim-Interval ]
* [ Class ]
* [ Proxy-Info ]
* [ AVP ]

4. Diameter NAS Application AVPs

The following sections define a new derived AVP data format, define a
set of application-specific AVPs, and describe the use of AVPs
defined in other documents by the Diameter NAS Application.

4.1. Derived AVP Data Formats

4.1.1. QoSFilterRule

The QosFilterRule format is derived from the OctetString AVP Base
Format. It uses the US-ASCII charset. Packets may be marked or
metered based on the following information:

o Direction (in or out)

o Source and destination IP address (possibly masked)

o Protocol

o Source and destination port (lists or ranges)

o Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values (no mask or
range)

Rules for the appropriate direction are evaluated in order; the first
matched rule terminates the evaluation. Each packet is evaluated
once. If no rule matches, the packet is treated as best effort. An
access device unable to interpret or apply a QoS rule SHOULD NOT
terminate the session.

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QoSFilterRule filters MUST follow the following format:

action dir proto from src to dst [options]

where

action

tag Mark packet with a specific DSCP [RFC2474]

meter Meter traffic

dir The format is as described under IPFilterRule
[RFC6733]

proto The format is as described under IPFilterRule
[RFC6733]

src and dst The format is as described under IPFilterRule
[RFC6733]

The options are described in Section 4.4.9.

The rule syntax is a modified subset of ipfw(8) from FreeBSD, and the
ipfw.c code may provide a useful base for implementations.

4.2. NAS Session AVPs

Diameter reserves the AVP Codes 0 - 255 for RADIUS Attributes that
are implemented in Diameter.

4.2.1. Call and Session Information

This section describes the AVPs specific to Diameter applications
that are needed to identify the call and session context and status
information. On a request, this information allows the server to
qualify the session.

These AVPs are used in addition to the following AVPs from the
Diameter Base protocol specification [RFC6733]:

Session-Id Auth-Application-Id Origin-Host Origin-Realm
Auth-Request-Type Termination-Cause

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The following table gives the possible flag values for the session
level AVPs.

+-----------+
| AVP Flag |
| Rules |
|-----+-----+
|MUST | MUST|
Attribute Name Section Defined | | NOT|
-----------------------------------------|-----+-----|
NAS-Port 4.2.2 | M | V |
NAS-Port-Id 4.2.3 | M | V |
NAS-Port-Type 4.2.4 | M | V |
Called-Station-Id 4.2.5 | M | V |
Calling-Station-Id 4.2.6 | M | V |
Connect-Info 4.2.7 | M | V |
Originating-Line-Info 4.2.8 | M | V |
Reply-Message 4.2.9 | M | V |
-----------------------------------------|-----+-----|

4.2.2. NAS-Port AVP

The NAS-Port AVP (AVP Code 5) is of type Unsigned32 and contains the
physical or virtual port number of the NAS, which authenticates the
user. Note that "port" is meant in its sense as a service connection
on the NAS, not as an IP protocol identifier; hence, the format and
contents of the string that identifies the port are specific to the
NAS implementation.

Either the NAS-Port AVP or the NAS-Port-Id AVP (Section 4.2.3) SHOULD
be present in the AA-Request (AAR, Section 3.1) command if the NAS
differentiates among its ports.

4.2.3. NAS-Port-Id AVP

The NAS-Port-Id AVP (AVP Code 87) is of type UTF8String and consists
of 7-bit US-ASCII text identifying the port of the NAS authenticating
the user. Note that "port" is meant in its sense as a service
connection on the NAS, not as an IP protocol identifier.

Either the NAS-Port-Id AVP or the NAS-Port AVP (Section 4.2.2) SHOULD
be present in the AA-Request (AAR, Section 3.1) command if the NAS
differentiates among its ports. NAS-Port-Id is intended for use by
NASes that cannot conveniently number their ports.

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4.2.4. NAS-Port-Type AVP

The NAS-Port-Type AVP (AVP Code 61) is of type Enumerated and
contains the type of the port on which the NAS is authenticating the
user. This AVP SHOULD be present if the NAS uses the same NAS-Port
number ranges for different service types concurrently.

The currently supported values of the NAS-Port-Type AVP are listed in
[RADIUSAttrVals].

4.2.5. Called-Station-Id AVP

The Called-Station-Id AVP (AVP Code 30) is of type UTF8String and
contains a 7-bit US-ASCII string sent by the NAS to describe the
Layer 2 address the user contacted in the request. For dialup
access, this can be a phone number obtained by using the Dialed
Number Identification Service (DNIS) or a similar technology. Note
that this may be different from the phone number the call comes in
on. For use with IEEE 802 access, the Called-Station-Id MAY contain
a Media Access Control (MAC) address formatted as described in
[RFC3580].

If the Called-Station-Id AVP is present in an AAR message, the Auth-
Request-Type AVP is set to AUTHORIZE_ONLY, and the User-Name AVP is
absent, the Diameter server MAY perform authorization based on this
AVP. This can be used by a NAS to request whether a call should be
answered based on the DNIS result.

Further codification of this field's allowed content and usage is
outside the scope of this specification.

4.2.6. Calling-Station-Id AVP

The Calling-Station-Id AVP (AVP Code 31) is of type UTF8String and
contains a 7-bit US-ASCII string sent by the NAS to describe the
Layer 2 address from which the user connected in the request. For
dialup access, this is the phone number the call came from, using
Automatic Number Identification (ANI) or a similar technology. For
use with IEEE 802 access, the Calling-Station-Id AVP MAY contain a
MAC address, formatted as described in RFC 3580.

If the Calling-Station-Id AVP is present in an AAR message, the Auth-
Request-Type AVP is set to AUTHORIZE_ONLY, and the User-Name AVP is
absent, the Diameter server MAY perform authorization based on the
value of this AVP. This can be used by a NAS to request whether a
call should be answered based on the Layer 2 address (ANI, MAC
Address, etc.)

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Further codification of this field's allowed content and usage is
outside the scope of this specification.

4.2.7. Connect-Info AVP

The Connect-Info AVP (AVP Code 77) is of type UTF8String and is sent
in the AA-Request message or an ACR message with the value of the
Accounting-Record-Type AVP set to STOP. When sent in the AA-Request,
it indicates the nature of the user's connection. The connection
speed SHOULD be included at the beginning of the first Connect-Info
AVP in the message. If the transmit and receive connection speeds
differ, both may be included in the first AVP with the transmit speed
listed first (the speed at which the NAS modem transmits), then a
slash (/), then the receive speed, and then other optional
information.

For example: "28800 V42BIS/LAPM" or "52000/31200 V90"

If sent in an ACR message with the value of the Accounting-Record-
Type AVP set to STOP, this attribute may summarize statistics
relating to session quality. For example, in IEEE 802.11, the
Connect-Info AVP may contain information on the number of link layer
retransmissions. The exact format of this attribute is
implementation specific.

4.2.8. Originating-Line-Info AVP

The Originating-Line-Info AVP (AVP Code 94) is of type OctetString
and is sent by the NAS system to convey information about the origin
of the call from a Signaling System 7 (SS7).

The Originating Line Information (OLI) element indicates the nature
and/or characteristics of the line from which a call originated
(e.g., pay phone, hotel phone, cellular phone). Telephone companies
are starting to offer OLI to their customers as an option over
Primary Rate Interface (PRI). Internet Service Providers (ISPs) can
use OLI in addition to Called-Station-Id and Calling-Station-Id
attributes to differentiate customer calls and to define different
services.

The Value field contains two octets (00 - 99). ANSI T1.113 and
BELLCORE 394 can be used for additional information about these
values and their use. For information on the currently assigned
values, see [ANITypes].

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4.2.9. Reply-Message AVP

The Reply-Message AVP (AVP Code 18) is of type UTF8String and
contains text that MAY be displayed to the user. When used in an AA-
Answer message with a successful Result-Code AVP, it indicates
success. When found in an AAA message with a Result-Code other than
DIAMETER_SUCCESS, the AVP contains a failure message.

The Reply-Message AVP MAY contain text to prompt the user before
another AA-Request attempt. When used in an AA-Answer message
containing a Result-Code AVP with the value DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH
or in a Re-Auth-Request message, it MAY contain text to prompt the
user for a response.

4.3. NAS Authentication AVPs

This section defines the AVPs necessary to carry the authentication
information in the Diameter protocol. The functionality defined here
provides a RADIUS-like Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
service [RFC2865] over a more reliable and secure transport, as
defined in the Diameter Base protocol [RFC6733].

The following table gives the possible flag values for the session
level AVPs.

+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| Rules |
|----+-----|
|MUST| MUST|
Attribute Name Section Defined | | NOT|
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
User-Password 4.3.1 | M | V |
Password-Retry 4.3.2 | M | V |
Prompt 4.3.3 | M | V |
CHAP-Auth 4.3.4 | M | V |
CHAP-Algorithm 4.3.5 | M | V |
CHAP-Ident 4.3.6 | M | V |
CHAP-Response 4.3.7 | M | V |
CHAP-Challenge 4.3.8 | M | V |
ARAP-Password 4.3.9 | M | V |
ARAP-Challenge-Response 4.3.10 | M | V |
ARAP-Security 4.3.11 | M | V |
ARAP-Security-Data 4.3.12 | M | V |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|

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4.3.1. User-Password AVP

The User-Password AVP (AVP Code 2) is of type OctetString and
contains the password of the user to be authenticated or the user's
input in a multi-round authentication exchange.

The User-Password AVP contains a user password or one-time password
and therefore represents sensitive information. As required by the
Diameter Base protocol [RFC6733], Diameter messages are encrypted by
using IPsec [RFC4301] or Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC5246].
Unless this AVP is used for one-time passwords, the User-Password AVP
SHOULD NOT be used in untrusted proxy environments without encrypting
it by using end-to-end security techniques.

The clear-text password (prior to encryption) MUST NOT be longer than
128 bytes in length.

4.3.2. Password-Retry AVP

The Password-Retry AVP (AVP Code 75) is of type Unsigned32 and MAY be
included in the AA-Answer if the Result-Code indicates an
authentication failure. The value of this AVP indicates how many
authentication attempts a user is permitted before being
disconnected. This AVP is primarily intended for use when the
Framed-Protocol AVP (Section 4.4.10.1) is set to ARAP.

4.3.3. Prompt AVP

The Prompt AVP (AVP Code 76) is of type Enumerated and MAY be present
in the AA-Answer message. When present, it is used by the NAS to
determine whether the user's response, when entered, should be
echoed.

The supported values are listed in [RADIUSAttrVals].

4.3.4. CHAP-Auth AVP

The CHAP-Auth AVP (AVP Code 402) is of type Grouped and contains the
information necessary to authenticate a user using the PPP Challenge-
Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) [RFC1994]. If the CHAP-Auth
AVP is found in a message, the CHAP-Challenge AVP (Section 4.3.8)
MUST be present as well. The optional AVPs containing the CHAP
response depend upon the value of the CHAP-Algorithm AVP
(Section 4.3.8). The grouped AVP has the following ABNF [RFC5234]
grammar:

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CHAP-Auth ::= < AVP Header: 402 >
{ CHAP-Algorithm }
{ CHAP-Ident }
[ CHAP-Response ]
* [ AVP ]

4.3.5. CHAP-Algorithm AVP

The CHAP-Algorithm AVP (AVP Code 403) is of type Enumerated and
contains the algorithm identifier used in the computation of the CHAP
response [RFC1994]. The following values are currently supported:

CHAP with MD5 5

The CHAP response is computed by using the procedure described in
[RFC1994]. This algorithm requires that the CHAP-Response AVP
(Section 4.3.7) MUST be present in the CHAP-Auth AVP
(Section 4.3.4).

4.3.6. CHAP-Ident AVP

The CHAP-Ident AVP (AVP Code 404) is of type OctetString and contains
the 1 octet CHAP Identifier used in the computation of the CHAP
response [RFC1994].

4.3.7. CHAP-Response AVP

The CHAP-Response AVP (AVP Code 405) is of type OctetString and
contains the 16-octet authentication data provided by the user in
response to the CHAP challenge [RFC1994].

4.3.8. CHAP-Challenge AVP

The CHAP-Challenge AVP (AVP Code 60) is of type OctetString and
contains the CHAP Challenge sent by the NAS to the CHAP peer
[RFC1994].

4.3.9. ARAP-Password AVP

The ARAP-Password AVP (AVP Code 70) is of type OctetString and is
only present when the Framed-Protocol AVP (Section 4.4.10.1) is
included in the message and is set to ARAP. This AVP MUST NOT be
present if either the User-Password or the CHAP-Auth AVP is present.
See [RFC2869] for more information on the contents of this AVP.

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4.3.10. ARAP-Challenge-Response AVP

The ARAP-Challenge-Response AVP (AVP Code 84) is of type OctetString
and is only present when the Framed-Protocol AVP (Section 4.4.10.1)
is included in the message and is set to ARAP. This AVP contains an
8-octet response to the dial-in client's challenge. The Diameter
server calculates this value by taking the dial-in client's challenge
from the high-order 8 octets of the ARAP-Password AVP and performing
DES encryption on this value with the authenticating user's password
as the key. If the user's password is fewer than 8 octets in length,
the password is padded at the end with NULL octets to a length of 8
before it is used as a key.

4.3.11. ARAP-Security AVP

The ARAP-Security AVP (AVP Code 73) is of type Unsigned32 and MAY be
present in the AA-Answer message if the Framed-Protocol AVP
(Section 4.4.10.1) is set to the value of ARAP, and the Result-Code
AVP ([RFC6733], Section 7.1) is set to DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH.
See RFC 2869 for more information on the contents of this AVP.

4.3.12. ARAP-Security-Data AVP

The ARAP-Security-Data AVP (AVP Code 74) is of type OctetString and
MAY be present in the AA-Request or AA-Answer message if the Framed-
Protocol AVP (Section 4.4.10.1) is set to the value of ARAP and the
Result-Code AVP ([RFC6733], Section 7.1) is set to
DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH. This AVP contains the security module
challenge or response associated with the ARAP Security Module
specified in the ARAP-Security AVP (Section 4.3.11).

4.4. NAS Authorization AVPs

This section contains the authorization AVPs supported in the NAS
Application. The Service-Type AVP SHOULD be present in all messages
and, based on its value, additional AVPs defined in this section and
Section 4.5 MAY be present.

The following table gives the possible flag values for the session-
level AVPs.

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+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| Rules |
|----+-----|
|MUST| MUST|
Attribute Name Section Defined | | NOT|
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
Service-Type 4.4.1 | M | V |
Callback-Number 4.4.2 | M | V |
Callback-Id 4.4.3 | M | V |
Idle-Timeout 4.4.4 | M | V |
Port-Limit 4.4.5 | M | V |
NAS-Filter-Rule 4.4.6 | M | V |
Filter-Id 4.4.7 | M | V |
Configuration-Token 4.4.8 | M | V |
QoS-Filter-Rule 4.4.9 | | |
Framed-Protocol 4.4.10.1 | M | V |
Framed-Routing 4.4.10.2 | M | V |
Framed-MTU 4.4.10.3 | M | V |
Framed-Compression 4.4.10.4 | M | V |
Framed-IP-Address 4.4.10.5.1 | M | V |
Framed-IP-Netmask 4.4.10.5.2 | M | V |
Framed-Route 4.4.10.5.3 | M | V |
Framed-Pool 4.4.10.5.4 | M | V |
Framed-Interface-Id 4.4.10.5.5 | M | V |
Framed-IPv6-Prefix 4.4.10.5.6 | M | V |
Framed-IPv6-Route 4.4.10.5.7 | M | V |
Framed-IPv6-Pool 4.4.10.5.8 | M | V |
Framed-IPX-Network 4.4.10.6.1 | M | V |
Framed-Appletalk-Link 4.4.10.7.1 | M | V |
Framed-Appletalk-Network 4.4.10.7.2 | M | V |
Framed-Appletalk-Zone 4.4.10.7.3 | M | V |
ARAP-Features 4.4.10.8.1 | M | V |
ARAP-Zone-Access 4.4.10.8.2 | M | V |
Login-IP-Host 4.4.11.1 | M | V |
Login-IPv6-Host 4.4.11.2 | M | V |
Login-Service 4.4.11.3 | M | V |
Login-TCP-Port 4.4.11.4.1 | M | V |
Login-LAT-Service 4.4.11.5.1 | M | V |
Login-LAT-Node 4.4.11.5.2 | M | V |
Login-LAT-Group 4.4.11.5.3 | M | V |
Login-LAT-Port 4.4.11.5.4 | M | V |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|

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4.4.1. Service-Type AVP

The Service-Type AVP (AVP Code 6) is of type Enumerated and contains
the type of service the user has requested or the type of service to
be provided. One such AVP MAY be present in an authentication and/or
authorization request or response. A NAS is not required to
implement all of these service types. It MUST treat unknown or
unsupported Service-Type AVPs received in a response as a failure and
end the session with a DIAMETER_INVALID_AVP_VALUE Result-Code.

When used in a request, the Service-Type AVP SHOULD be considered a
hint to the server that the NAS believes the user would prefer the
kind of service indicated. The server is not required to honor the
hint. Furthermore, if the service specified by the server is
supported, but not compatible with the current mode of access, the
NAS MUST fail to start the session. The NAS MUST also generate the
appropriate error message(s).

The complete list of defined values that the Service-Type AVP can
take can be found in [RFC2865] and the relevant IANA registry
[RADIUSAttrVals], but the following values require further
qualification here:

Login (1)

The user should be connected to a host. The message MAY
include additional AVPs as defined in Sections 4.4.11.4 or
4.4.11.5.

Framed (2)

A Framed Protocol, such as PPP or SLIP, should be started for
the user. The message MAY include additional AVPs defined in
Sections 4.4.10 or 4.5 for tunneling services.

Callback Login (3)

The user should be disconnected and called back, then connected
to a host. The message MAY include additional AVPs defined in
this section.

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Callback Framed (4)

The user should be disconnected and called back, and then a
Framed Protocol, such as PPP or SLIP, should be started for the
user. The message MAY include additional AVPs defined in
Sections 4.4.10 or 4.5 for tunneling services.

4.4.2. Callback-Number AVP

The Callback-Number AVP (AVP Code 19) is of type UTF8String and
contains a dialing string to be used for callback, the format of
which is deployment specific. The Callback-Number AVP MAY be used in
an authentication and/or authorization request as a hint to the
server that a callback service is desired, but the server is not
required to honor the hint in the corresponding response.

Any further codification of this field's allowed usage range is
outside the scope of this specification.

4.4.3. Callback-Id AVP

The Callback-Id AVP (AVP Code 20) is of type UTF8String and contains
the name of a place to be called, to be interpreted by the NAS. This
AVP MAY be present in an authentication and/or authorization
response.

This AVP is not roaming-friendly as it assumes that the Callback-Id
is configured on the NAS. Using the Callback-Number AVP
(Section 4.4.2) is therefore RECOMMENDED.

4.4.4. Idle-Timeout AVP

The Idle-Timeout AVP (AVP Code 28) is of type Unsigned32 and sets the
maximum number of consecutive seconds of idle connection allowable to
the user before termination of the session or before a prompt is
issued. The default is none or system specific.

4.4.5. Port-Limit AVP

The Port-Limit AVP (AVP Code 62) is of type Unsigned32 and sets the
maximum number of ports the NAS provides to the user. It MAY be used
in an authentication and/or authorization request as a hint to the
server that multilink PPP [RFC1990] service is desired, but the
server is not required to honor the hint in the corresponding
response.

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4.4.6. NAS-Filter-Rule AVP

The NAS-Filter-Rule AVP (AVP Code 400) is of type IPFilterRule and
provides filter rules that need to be configured on the NAS for the
user. One or more of these AVPs MAY be present in an authorization
response.

4.4.7. Filter-Id AVP

The Filter-Id AVP (AVP Code 11) is of type UTF8String and contains
the name of the filter list for this user. It is intended to be
human readable. Zero or more Filter-Id AVPs MAY be sent in an
authorization answer message.

Identifying a filter list by name allows the filter to be used on
different NASes without regard to filter-list implementation details.
However, this AVP is not roaming-friendly, as filter naming differs
from one service provider to another.

In environments where backward compatibility with RADIUS is not
required, it is RECOMMENDED that the NAS-Filter-Rule AVP
(Section 4.4.6) be used instead.

4.4.8. Configuration-Token AVP

The Configuration-Token AVP (AVP Code 78) is of type OctetString and
is sent by a Diameter server to a Diameter Proxy Agent in an AA-
Answer command to indicate a type of user profile to be used. It
should not be sent to a Diameter client (NAS).

The format of the Data field of this AVP is site specific.

4.4.9. QoS-Filter-Rule AVP

The QoS-Filter-Rule AVP (AVP Code 407) is of type QoSFilterRule
(Section 4.1.1) and provides QoS filter rules that need to be
configured on the NAS for the user. One or more such AVPs MAY be
present in an authorization response.

The use of this AVP is NOT RECOMMENDED; the AVPs defined by [RFC5777]
SHOULD be used instead.

The following options are defined for the QoSFilterRule filters:

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DSCP <color>

If action is set to tag (Section 4.1.1), this option MUST be
included in the rule.

Color values are defined in [RFC2474]. Exact matching of DSCP
values is required (no masks or ranges).

metering <rate> <color_under> <color_over>

The metering option provides Assured Forwarding, as defined in
[RFC2597]. and MUST be present if the action is set to meter
(Section 4.1.1) The rate option is the throughput, in bits per
second, used by the access device to mark packets. Traffic
over the rate is marked with the color_over codepoint, and
traffic under the rate is marked with the color_under
codepoint. The color_under and color_over options contain the
drop preferences and MUST conform to the recommended codepoint
keywords described in [RFC2597] (e.g., AF13).

The metering option also supports the strict limit on traffic
required by Expedited Forwarding, as defined in [RFC3246]. The
color_over option may contain the keyword "drop" to prevent
forwarding of traffic that exceeds the rate parameter.

4.4.10. Framed Access Authorization AVPs

This section lists the authorization AVPs necessary to support framed
access, such as PPP and SLIP. AVPs defined in this section MAY be
present in a message if the Service-Type AVP was set to "Framed" or
"Callback Framed".

4.4.10.1. Framed-Protocol AVP

The Framed-Protocol AVP (AVP Code 7) is of type Enumerated and
contains the framing to be used for framed access. This AVP MAY be
present in both requests and responses. The supported values are
listed in [RADIUSAttrVals].

4.4.10.2. Framed-Routing AVP

The Framed-Routing AVP (AVP Code 10) is of type Enumerated and
contains the routing method for the user when the user is a router to
a network. This AVP SHOULD only be present in authorization
responses. The supported values are listed in [RADIUSAttrVals].

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4.4.10.3. Framed-MTU AVP

The Framed-MTU AVP (AVP Code 12) is of type Unsigned32 and contains
the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) to be configured for the user,
when it is not negotiated by some other means (such as PPP). This
AVP SHOULD only be present in authorization responses. The MTU value
MUST be in the range from 64 to 65535.

4.4.10.4. Framed-Compression AVP

The Framed-Compression AVP (AVP Code 13) is of type Enumerated and
contains the compression protocol to be used for the link. It MAY be
used in an authorization request as a hint to the server that a
specific compression type is desired, but the server is not required
to honor the hint in the corresponding response.

More than one compression protocol AVP MAY be sent. The NAS is
responsible for applying the proper compression protocol to the
appropriate link traffic.

The supported values are listed in [RADIUSAttrVals].

4.4.10.5. IP Access Authorization AVPs

The AVPs defined in this section are used when the user requests, or
is being granted, access service to IP.

4.4.10.5.1. Framed-IP-Address AVP

The Framed-IP-Address AVP (AVP Code 8) [RFC2865] is of type
OctetString and contains an IPv4 address of the type specified in the
attribute value to be configured for the user. It MAY be used in an
authorization request as a hint to the server that a specific address
is desired, but the server is not required to honor the hint in the
corresponding response.

Two values have special significance: 0xFFFFFFFF and 0xFFFFFFFE. The
value 0xFFFFFFFF indicates that the NAS should allow the user to
select an address (i.e., negotiated). The value 0xFFFFFFFE indicates
that the NAS should select an address for the user (e.g., assigned
from a pool of addresses kept by the NAS).

4.4.10.5.2. Framed-IP-Netmask AVP

The Framed-IP-Netmask AVP (AVP Code 9) is of type OctetString and
contains the four octets of the IPv4 netmask to be configured for the
user when the user is a router to a network. It MAY be used in an
authorization request as a hint to the server that a specific netmask

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is desired, but the server is not required to honor the hint in the
corresponding response. This AVP MUST be present in a response if
the request included this AVP with a value of 0xFFFFFFFF.

4.4.10.5.3. Framed-Route AVP

The Framed-Route AVP (AVP Code 22) is of type UTF8String and contains
the 7-bit US-ASCII routing information to be configured for the user
on the NAS. Zero or more of these AVPs MAY be present in an
authorization response.

The string MUST contain a destination prefix in dotted quad form
optionally followed by a slash and a decimal-length specifier stating
how many high-order bits of the prefix should be used. This is
followed by a space, a gateway address in dotted quad form, a space,
and one or more metrics separated by spaces; for example,

"192.0.2.0/24 192.0.2.1 1"

The length specifier may be omitted, in which case it should default
to 8 bits for class A prefixes, 16 bits for class B prefixes, and 24
bits for class C prefixes; for example,

"192.0.2.0 192.0.2.1 1"

Whenever the gateway address is specified as "0.0.0.0", the IP
address of the user SHOULD be used as the gateway address.

4.4.10.5.4. Framed-Pool AVP

The Framed-Pool AVP (AVP Code 88) is of type OctetString and contains
the name of an assigned address pool that SHOULD be used to assign an
address for the user. If a NAS does not support multiple address
pools, the NAS SHOULD ignore this AVP. Address pools are usually
used for IP addresses but can be used for other protocols if the NAS
supports pools for those protocols.

Although specified as type OctetString for compatibility with RADIUS
[RFC2869], the encoding of the Data field SHOULD also conform to the
rules for the UTF8String Data Format.

4.4.10.5.5. Framed-Interface-Id AVP

The Framed-Interface-Id AVP (AVP Code 96) is of type Unsigned64 and
contains the IPv6 interface identifier to be configured for the user.
It MAY be used in authorization requests as a hint to the server that
a specific interface identifier is desired, but the server is not
required to honor the hint in the corresponding response.

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4.4.10.5.6. Framed-IPv6-Prefix AVP

The Framed-IPv6-Prefix AVP (AVP Code 97) is of type OctetString and
contains the IPv6 prefix to be configured for the user. One or more
AVPs MAY be used in authorization requests as a hint to the server
that specific IPv6 prefixes are desired, but the server is not
required to honor the hint in the corresponding response.

4.4.10.5.7. Framed-IPv6-Route AVP

The Framed-IPv6-Route AVP (AVP Code 99) is of type UTF8String and
contains the US-ASCII routing information to be configured for the
user on the NAS. Zero or more of these AVPs MAY be present in an
authorization response.

The string MUST contain an IPv6 address prefix followed by a slash
and a decimal-length specifier stating how many high-order bits of
the prefix should be used. This is followed by a space, a gateway
address in hexadecimal notation, a space, and one or more metrics
separated by spaces; for example,

"2001:db8::/32 2001:db8:106:a00:20ff:fe99:a998 1"

Whenever the gateway address is the IPv6 unspecified address, the IP
address of the user SHOULD be used as the gateway address, such as
in:

"2001:db8::/32 :: 1"

4.4.10.5.8. Framed-IPv6-Pool AVP

The Framed-IPv6-Pool AVP (AVP Code 100) is of type OctetString and
contains the name of an assigned pool that SHOULD be used to assign
an IPv6 prefix for the user. If the access device does not support
multiple prefix pools, it MUST ignore this AVP.

Although specified as type OctetString for compatibility with RADIUS
[RFC3162], the encoding of the Data field SHOULD also conform to the
rules for the UTF8String Data Format.

4.4.10.6. IPX Access AVPs

The AVPs defined in this section are used when the user requests, or
is being granted, access to an IPX network service [IPX].

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4.4.10.6.1. Framed-IPX-Network AVP

The Framed-IPX-Network AVP (AVP Code 23) is of type Unsigned32 and
contains the IPX Network number to be configured for the user. It
MAY be used in an authorization request as a hint to the server that
a specific address is desired, but the server is not required to
honor the hint in the corresponding response.

Two addresses have special significance: 0xFFFFFFFF and 0xFFFFFFFE.
The value 0xFFFFFFFF indicates that the NAS should allow the user to
select an address (i.e., Negotiated). The value 0xFFFFFFFE indicates
that the NAS should select an address for the user (e.g., assign it
from a pool of one or more IPX networks kept by the NAS).

4.4.10.7. AppleTalk Network Access AVPs

The AVPs defined in this section are used when the user requests, or
is being granted, access to an AppleTalk network [AppleTalk].

4.4.10.7.1. Framed-Appletalk-Link AVP

The Framed-Appletalk-Link AVP (AVP Code 37) is of type Unsigned32 and
contains the AppleTalk network number that should be used for the
serial link to the user, which is another AppleTalk router. This AVP
MUST only be present in an authorization response and is never used
when the user is not another router.

Despite the size of the field, values range from 0 to 65,535. The
special value of 0 indicates an unnumbered serial link. A value of 1
to 65,535 means that the serial line between the NAS and the user
should be assigned that value as an AppleTalk network number.

4.4.10.7.2. Framed-Appletalk-Network AVP

The Framed-Appletalk-Network AVP (AVP Code 38) is of type Unsigned32
and contains the AppleTalk network number that the NAS should probe
to allocate an AppleTalk node for the user. This AVP MUST only be
present in an authorization response and is never used when the user
is not another router. Multiple instances of this AVP indicate that
the NAS may probe, using any of the network numbers specified.

Despite the size of the field, values range from 0 to 65,535. The
special value 0 indicates that the NAS should assign a network for
the user, using its default cable range. A value between 1 and
65,535 (inclusive) indicates to the AppleTalk network that the NAS
should probe to find an address for the user.

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4.4.10.7.3. Framed-Appletalk-Zone AVP

The Framed-Appletalk-Zone AVP (AVP Code 39) is of type OctetString
and contains the AppleTalk Default Zone to be used for this user.
This AVP MUST only be present in an authorization response. Multiple
instances of this AVP in the same message are not allowed.

The codification of this field's allowed range is outside the scope
of this specification.

4.4.10.8. AppleTalk Remote Access AVPs

The AVPs defined in this section are used when the user requests, or
is being granted, access to the AppleTalk network via the AppleTalk
Remote Access Protocol [ARAP]. They are only present if the Framed-
Protocol AVP (Section 4.4.10.1) is set to ARAP. Section 2.2 of RFC
2869 describes the operational use of these attributes.

4.4.10.8.1. ARAP-Features AVP

The ARAP-Features AVP (AVP Code 71) is of type OctetString and MAY be
present in the AA-Accept message if the Framed-Protocol AVP is set to
the value of ARAP. See RFC 2869 for more information about the
format of this AVP.

4.4.10.8.2. ARAP-Zone-Access AVP

The ARAP-Zone-Access AVP (AVP Code 72) is of type Enumerated and MAY
be present in the AA-Accept message if the Framed-Protocol AVP is set
to the value of ARAP.

The supported values are listed in [RADIUSAttrVals] and defined in
[RFC2869].

4.4.11. Non-Framed Access Authorization AVPs

This section contains the authorization AVPs that are needed to
support terminal server functionality. AVPs defined in this section
MAY be present in a message if the Service-Type AVP was set to
"Login" or "Callback Login".

4.4.11.1. Login-IP-Host AVP

The Login-IP-Host AVP (AVP Code 14) [RFC2865] is of type OctetString
and contains the IPv4 address of a host with which to connect the
user when the Login-Service AVP is included. It MAY be used in an

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AA-Request command as a hint to the Diameter server that a specific
host is desired, but the Diameter server is not required to honor the
hint in the AA-Answer.

Two addresses have special significance: all ones and 0. The value
of all ones indicates that the NAS SHOULD allow the user to select an
address. The value 0 indicates that the NAS SHOULD select a host to
connect the user to.

4.4.11.2. Login-IPv6-Host AVP

The Login-IPv6-Host AVP (AVP Code 98) [RFC3162] is of type
OctetString and contains the IPv6 address of a host with which to
connect the user when the Login-Service AVP is included. It MAY be
used in an AA-Request command as a hint to the Diameter server that a
specific host is desired, but the Diameter server is not required to
honor the hint in the AA-Answer.

Two addresses have special significance,
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF and 0. The value
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF indicates that the NAS SHOULD
allow the user to select an address. The value 0 indicates that the
NAS SHOULD select a host to connect the user to.

4.4.11.3. Login-Service AVP

The Login-Service AVP (AVP Code 15) is of type Enumerated and
contains the service that should be used to connect the user to the
login host. This AVP SHOULD only be present in authorization
responses. The supported values are listed in RFC 2869.

4.4.11.4. TCP Services

The AVP described in the following section MAY be present if the
Login-Service AVP is set to Telnet, Rlogin, TCP Clear, or TCP Clear
Quiet.

4.4.11.4.1. Login-TCP-Port AVP

The Login-TCP-Port AVP (AVP Code 16) is of type Unsigned32 and
contains the TCP port with which the user is to be connected when the
Login-Service AVP is also present. This AVP SHOULD only be present
in authorization responses. The value MUST NOT be greater than
65,535.

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4.4.11.5. LAT Services

The AVPs described in this section MAY be present if the Login-
Service AVP is set to LAT [LAT].

4.4.11.5.1. Login-LAT-Service AVP

The Login-LAT-Service AVP (AVP Code 34) is of type OctetString and
contains the system with which the user is to be connected by LAT.
It MAY be used in an authorization request as a hint to the server
that a specific service is desired, but the server is not required to
honor the hint in the corresponding response. This AVP MUST only be
present in the response if the Login-Service AVP states that LAT is
desired.

Administrators use this service attribute when dealing with clustered
systems. In these environments, several different time-sharing hosts
share the same resources (disks, printers, etc.), and administrators
often configure each host to offer access (service) to each of the
shared resources. In this case, each host in the cluster advertises
its services through LAT broadcasts.

Sophisticated users often know which service providers (machines) are
faster and tend to use a node name when initiating a LAT connection.
Some administrators want particular users to use certain machines as
a primitive form of load balancing (although LAT knows how to do load
balancing itself).

The String field contains the identity of the LAT service to use.
The LAT Architecture allows this string to contain $ (dollar), -
(hyphen), . (period), _ (underscore), numerics, upper- and lower-case
alphabetics, and the ISO Latin-1 character set extension
[ISO.8859-1.1987]. All LAT string comparisons are case insensitive.

4.4.11.5.2. Login-LAT-Node AVP

The Login-LAT-Node AVP (AVP Code 35) is of type OctetString and
contains the Node with which the user is to be automatically
connected by LAT. It MAY be used in an authorization request as a
hint to the server that a specific LAT node is desired, but the
server is not required to honor the hint in the corresponding
response. This AVP MUST only be present in a response if the Login-
Service-Type AVP is set to LAT.

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The String field contains the identity of the LAT service to use.
The LAT Architecture allows this string to contain $ (dollar), -
(hyphen), . (period), _ (underscore), numerics, upper- and lower-case
alphabetics, and the ISO Latin-1 character set extension
[ISO.8859-1.1987]. All LAT string comparisons are case insensitive.

4.4.11.5.3. Login-LAT-Group AVP

The Login-LAT-Group AVP (AVP Code 36) is of type OctetString and
contains a string identifying the LAT group codes this user is
authorized to use. It MAY be used in an authorization request as a
hint to the server that a specific group is desired, but the server
is not required to honor the hint in the corresponding response.
This AVP MUST only be present in a response if the Login-Service-Type
AVP is set to LAT.

LAT supports 256 different group codes, which LAT uses as a form of
access rights. LAT encodes the group codes as a 256-bit bitmap.

Administrators can assign one or more of the group code bits at the
LAT service provider; it will only accept LAT connections that have
these group codes set in the bitmap. The administrators assign a
bitmap of authorized group codes to each user. LAT gets these from
the operating system and uses them in its requests to the service
providers.

The codification of the range of allowed usage of this field is
outside the scope of this specification.

4.4.11.5.4. Login-LAT-Port AVP

The Login-LAT-Port AVP (AVP Code 63) is of type OctetString and
contains the port with which the user is to be connected by LAT. It
MAY be used in an authorization request as a hint to the server that
a specific port is desired, but the server is not required to honor
the hint in the corresponding response. This AVP MUST only be
present in a response if the Login-Service-Type AVP is set to LAT.

The String field contains the identity of the LAT service to use.
The LAT Architecture allows this string to contain $ (dollar), -
(hyphen), . (period), _ (underscore), numerics, upper- and lower-case
alphabetics, and the ISO Latin-1 character set extension
[ISO.8859-1.1987].

All LAT string comparisons are case insensitive.

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4.5. NAS Tunneling AVPs

Some NASes support compulsory tunnel services in which the incoming
connection data is conveyed by an encapsulation method to a gateway
elsewhere in the network. This is typically transparent to the
service user, and the tunnel characteristics may be described by the
remote Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting server, based on
the user's authorization information. Several tunnel characteristics
may be returned, and the NAS implementation may choose one. See
[RFC2868] and [RFC2867] for further information.

The following table gives the possible flag values for the session-
level AVPs and specifies whether the AVP MAY be encrypted.

+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| Rules |
|----+-----|
|MUST| MUST|
Attribute Name Section Defined | | NOT |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
Tunneling 4.5.1 | M | V |
Tunnel-Type 4.5.2 | M | V |
Tunnel-Medium-Type 4.5.3 | M | V |
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint 4.5.4 | M | V |
Tunnel-Server-Endpoint 4.5.5 | M | V |
Tunnel-Password 4.5.6 | M | V |
Tunnel-Private-Group-Id 4.5.7 | M | V |
Tunnel-Assignment-Id 4.5.8 | M | V |
Tunnel-Preference 4.5.9 | M | V |
Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id 4.5.10 | M | V |
Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id 4.5.11 | M | V |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|

4.5.1. Tunneling AVP

The Tunneling AVP (AVP Code 401) is of type Grouped and contains the
following AVPs, used to describe a compulsory tunnel service
[RFC2868] [RFC2867]. Its data field has the following ABNF grammar:

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Tunneling ::= < AVP Header: 401 >
{ Tunnel-Type }
{ Tunnel-Medium-Type }
{ Tunnel-Client-Endpoint }
{ Tunnel-Server-Endpoint }
[ Tunnel-Preference ]
[ Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id ]
[ Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id ]
[ Tunnel-Assignment-Id ]
[ Tunnel-Password ]
[ Tunnel-Private-Group-Id ]

4.5.2. Tunnel-Type AVP

The Tunnel-Type AVP (AVP Code 64) is of type Enumerated and contains
the tunneling protocol(s) to be used (in the case of a tunnel
initiator) or in use (in the case of a tunnel terminator). It MAY be
used in an authorization request as a hint to the server that a
specific tunnel type is desired, but the server is not required to
honor the hint in the corresponding response.

The Tunnel-Type AVP SHOULD also be included in ACR messages.

A tunnel initiator is not required to implement any of these tunnel
types. If a tunnel initiator receives a response that contains only
unknown or unsupported tunnel types, the tunnel initiator MUST behave
as though a response were received with the Result-Code indicating a
failure.

The supported values are listed in [RADIUSAttrVals].

4.5.3. Tunnel-Medium-Type AVP

The Tunnel-Medium-Type AVP (AVP Code 65) is of type Enumerated and
contains the transport medium to use when creating a tunnel for
protocols (such as L2TP [RFC3931]) that can operate over multiple
transports. It MAY be used in an authorization request as a hint to
the server that a specific medium is desired, but the server is not
required to honor the hint in the corresponding response.

The supported values are listed in [RADIUSAttrVals].

4.5.4. Tunnel-Client-Endpoint AVP

The Tunnel-Client-Endpoint AVP (AVP Code 66) is of type UTF8String
and contains the address of the initiator end of the tunnel. It MAY
be used in an authorization request as a hint to the server that a
specific endpoint is desired, but the server is not required to honor

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the hint in the corresponding response. This AVP SHOULD be included
in the corresponding ACR messages, in which case it indicates the
address from which the tunnel was initiated. This AVP, along with
the Tunnel-Server-Endpoint (Section 4.5.5) and Session-Id AVPs
([RFC6733], Section 8.8), can be used to provide a globally unique
means to identify a tunnel for accounting and auditing purposes.

If the value of the Tunnel-Medium-Type AVP (Section 4.5.3) is IPv4
(1), then this string is either the fully qualified domain name
(FQDN) of the tunnel client machine or a "dotted-decimal" IP address.
Implementations MUST support the dotted-decimal format and SHOULD
support the FQDN format for IP addresses.

If Tunnel-Medium-Type is IPv6 (2), then this string is either the
FQDN of the tunnel client machine or a text representation of the
address in either the preferred or alternate form [RFC3516].
Conforming implementations MUST support the preferred form and SHOULD
support both the alternate text form and the FQDN format for IPv6
addresses.

If Tunnel-Medium-Type is neither IPv4 nor IPv6, then this string is a
tag referring to configuration data local to the Diameter client that
describes the interface or medium-specific client address to use.

Note that this application handles Internationalized Domain Names
(IDNs) in the same way as the Diameter Base protocol (see Appendix D
of RFC 6733 for details).

4.5.5. Tunnel-Server-Endpoint AVP

The Tunnel-Server-Endpoint AVP (AVP Code 67) is of type UTF8String
and contains the address of the server end of the tunnel. It MAY be
used in an authorization request as a hint to the server that a
specific endpoint is desired, but the server is not required to honor
the hint in the corresponding response.

This AVP SHOULD be included in the corresponding ACR messages, in
which case it indicates the address from which the tunnel was
initiated. This AVP, along with the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint
(Section 4.5.4) and Session-Id AVP ([RFC6733], Section 8.8), can be
used to provide a globally unique means to identify a tunnel for
accounting and auditing purposes.

If Tunnel-Medium-Type is IPv4 (1), then this string is either the
fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the tunnel server machine, or a
"dotted-decimal" IP address. Implementations MUST support the
dotted-decimal format and SHOULD support the FQDN format for IP
addresses.

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If Tunnel-Medium-Type is IPv6 (2), then this string is either the
FQDN of the tunnel server machine, or a text representation of the
address in either the preferred or alternate form [RFC3516].
Implementations MUST support the preferred form and SHOULD support
both the alternate text form and the FQDN format for IPv6 addresses.

If Tunnel-Medium-Type is not IPv4 or IPv6, this string is a tag
referring to configuration data local to the Diameter client that
describes the interface or medium-specific server address to use.

Note that this application handles IDNs in the same way as the
Diameter base protocol (see Appendix D of RFC 6733 for details).

4.5.6. Tunnel-Password AVP

The Tunnel-Password AVP (AVP Code 69) is of type OctetString and may
contain a password to be used to authenticate to a remote server.

The Tunnel-Password AVP SHOULD NOT be used in untrusted proxy
environments without encrypting it by using end-to-end security
techniques.

4.5.7. Tunnel-Private-Group-Id AVP

The Tunnel-Private-Group-Id AVP (AVP Code 81) is of type OctetString
and contains the group Id for a particular tunneled session. The
Tunnel-Private-Group-Id AVP MAY be included in an authorization
request if the tunnel initiator can predetermine the group resulting
from a particular connection. It SHOULD be included in the
authorization response if this tunnel session is to be treated as
belonging to a particular private group. Private groups may be used
to associate a tunneled session with a particular group of users.
For example, it MAY be used to facilitate routing of unregistered IP
addresses through a particular interface. This AVP SHOULD be
included in the ACR messages that pertain to the tunneled session.

4.5.8. Tunnel-Assignment-Id AVP

The Tunnel-Assignment-Id AVP (AVP Code 82) is of type OctetString and
is used to indicate to the tunnel initiator the particular tunnel to
which a session is to be assigned. Some tunneling protocols, such as
PPTP [RFC2637] and L2TP [RFC3931], allow for sessions between the
same two tunnel endpoints to be multiplexed over the same tunnel and
also for a given session to use its own dedicated tunnel. This
attribute provides a mechanism for Diameter to inform the tunnel
initiator (for example, a LAC) whether to assign the session to a

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multiplexed tunnel or to a separate tunnel. Furthermore, it allows
for sessions sharing multiplexed tunnels to be assigned to different
multiplexed tunnels.

A particular tunneling implementation may assign differing
characteristics to particular tunnels. For example, different
tunnels may be assigned different QoS parameters. Such tunnels may
be used to carry either individual or multiple sessions. The Tunnel-
Assignment-Id attribute thus allows the Diameter server to indicate
that a particular session is to be assigned to a tunnel providing an
appropriate level of service. It is expected that any QoS-related
Diameter tunneling attributes defined in the future accompanying this
one will be associated by the tunnel initiator with the Id given by
this attribute. In the meantime, any semantic given to a particular
Id string is a matter left to local configuration in the tunnel
initiator.

The Tunnel-Assignment-Id AVP is of significance only to Diameter and
the tunnel initiator. The Id it specifies is only intended to be of
local use to Diameter and the tunnel initiator. The Id assigned by
the tunnel initiator is not conveyed to the tunnel peer.

This attribute MAY be included in authorization responses. The
tunnel initiator receiving this attribute MAY choose to ignore it and
to assign the session to an arbitrary multiplexed or non-multiplexed
tunnel between the desired endpoints. This AVP SHOULD also be
included in the Accounting-Request messages pertaining to the
tunneled session.

If a tunnel initiator supports the Tunnel-Assignment-Id AVP, then it
should assign a session to a tunnel in the following manner:

o If this AVP is present and a tunnel exists between the specified
endpoints with the specified Id, then the session should be
assigned to that tunnel.

o If this AVP is present and no tunnel exists between the specified
endpoints with the specified Id, then a new tunnel should be
established for the session and the specified Id should be
associated with the new tunnel.

o If this AVP is not present, then the session is assigned to an
unnamed tunnel. If an unnamed tunnel does not yet exist between
the specified endpoints, then it is established and used for this
session and for subsequent ones established without the Tunnel-
Assignment-Id attribute. A tunnel initiator MUST NOT assign a

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session for which a Tunnel-Assignment-Id AVP was not specified to
a named tunnel (i.e., one that was initiated by a session
specifying this AVP).

Note that the same Id may be used to name different tunnels if these
tunnels are between different endpoints.

4.5.9. Tunnel-Preference AVP

The Tunnel-Preference AVP (AVP Code 83) is of type Unsigned32 and is
used to identify the relative preference assigned to each tunnel when
more than one set of tunneling AVPs is returned within separate
grouped AVPs. It MAY be used in an authorization request as a hint
to the server that a specific preference is desired, but the server
is not required to honor the hint in the corresponding response.

For example, suppose that AVPs describing two tunnels are returned by
the server, one with a tunnel type of PPTP and the other with a
tunnel type of L2TP. If the tunnel initiator supports only one of
the tunnel types returned, it will initiate a tunnel of that type.
If, however, it supports both tunnel protocols, it SHOULD use the
value of the Tunnel-Preference AVP to decide which tunnel should be
started. The tunnel with the lowest numerical value in the Value
field of this AVP SHOULD be given the highest preference. The values
assigned to two or more instances of the Tunnel-Preference AVP within
a given authorization response MAY be identical. In this case, the
tunnel initiator SHOULD use locally configured metrics to decide
which set of AVPs to use.

4.5.10. Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id AVP

The Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id AVP (AVP Code 90) is of type UTF8String and
specifies the 7-bit US-ASCII name used by the tunnel initiator during
the authentication phase of tunnel establishment. It MAY be used in
an authorization request as a hint to the server that a specific
preference is desired, but the server is not required to honor the
hint in the corresponding response. This AVP MUST be present in the
authorization response if an authentication name other than the
default is desired. This AVP SHOULD be included in the ACR messages
pertaining to the tunneled session.

4.5.11. Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id AVP

The Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id AVP (AVP Code 91) is of type UTF8String and
specifies the 7-bit US-ASCII name used by the tunnel terminator
during the authentication phase of tunnel establishment. It MAY be
used in an authorization request as a hint to the server that a
specific preference is desired, but the server is not required to

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honor the hint in the corresponding response. This AVP MUST be
present in the authorization response if an authentication name other
than the default is desired. This AVP SHOULD be included in the ACR
messages pertaining to the tunneled session.

4.6. NAS Accounting AVPs

Applications implementing this specification use Diameter Accounting
(as defined in [RFC6733]) and the AVPs in the following section.
Service-specific AVP usage is defined in the tables in Section 5.

If accounting is active, Accounting Request (ACR) messages SHOULD be
sent after the completion of any Authentication or Authorization
transaction and at the end of a session. The value of the
Accounting-Record-Type AVP [RFC6733] indicates the type of event.
All other AVPs identify the session and provide additional
information relevant to the event.

The successful completion of the first Authentication or
Authorization transaction SHOULD cause a START_RECORD to be sent. If
additional Authentications or Authorizations occur in later
transactions, the first exchange should generate a START_RECORD, and
the latter an INTERIM_RECORD. For a given session, there MUST only
be one set of matching START and STOP records, with any number of
INTERIM_RECORDS in between, or one EVENT_RECORD indicating the reason
a session wasn't started.

The following table gives the possible flag values for the session-
level AVPs and specifies whether the AVP MAY be encrypted.

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+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| Rules |
|----+-----|
Section |MUST| MUST|
Attribute Name Defined | | NOT|
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
Accounting-Input-Octets 4.6.1 | M | V |
Accounting-Output-Octets 4.6.2 | M | V |
Accounting-Input-Packets 4.6.3 | M | V |
Accounting-Output-Packets 4.6.4 | M | V |
Acct-Session-Time 4.6.5 | M | V |
Acct-Authentic 4.6.6 | M | V |
Accounting-Auth-Method 4.6.7 | M | V |
Acct-Delay-Time 4.6.8 | M | V |
Acct-Link-Count 4.6.9 | M | V |
Acct-Tunnel-Connection 4.6.10 | M | V |
Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost 4.6.11 | M | V |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|

4.6.1. Accounting-Input-Octets AVP

The Accounting-Input-Octets AVP (AVP Code 363) is of type Unsigned64
and contains the number of octets received from the user.

For NAS usage, this AVP indicates how many octets have been received
from the port in the course of this session. It can only be present
in ACR messages with an Accounting-Record-Type [RFC6733] of
INTERIM_RECORD or STOP_RECORD.

4.6.2. Accounting-Output-Octets AVP

The Accounting-Output-Octets AVP (AVP Code 364) is of type Unsigned64
and contains the number of octets sent to the user.

For NAS usage, this AVP indicates how many octets have been sent to
the port in the course of this session. It can only be present in
ACR messages with an Accounting-Record-Type of INTERIM_RECORD or
STOP_RECORD.

4.6.3. Accounting-Input-Packets AVP

The Accounting-Input-Packets (AVP Code 365) is of type Unsigned64 and
contains the number of packets received from the user.

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For NAS usage, this AVP indicates how many packets have been received
from the port over the course of a session being provided to a Framed
User. It can only be present in ACR messages with an Accounting-
Record-Type of INTERIM_RECORD or STOP_RECORD.

4.6.4. Accounting-Output-Packets AVP

The Accounting-Output-Packets (AVP Code 366) is of type Unsigned64
and contains the number of IP packets sent to the user.

For NAS usage, this AVP indicates how many packets have been sent to
the port over the course of a session being provided to a Framed
User. It can only be present in ACR messages with an Accounting-
Record-Type of INTERIM_RECORD or STOP_RECORD.

4.6.5. Acct-Session-Time AVP

The Acct-Session-Time AVP (AVP Code 46) is of type Unsigned32 and
indicates the length of the current session in seconds. It can only
be present in ACR messages with an Accounting-Record-Type of
INTERIM_RECORD or STOP_RECORD.

4.6.6. Acct-Authentic AVP

The Acct-Authentic AVP (AVP Code 45) is of type Enumerated and
specifies how the user was authenticated. The supported values are
listed in [RADIUSAttrVals].

4.6.7. Accounting-Auth-Method AVP

The Accounting-Auth-Method AVP (AVP Code 406) is of type Enumerated.
A NAS MAY include this AVP in an Accounting-Request message to
indicate the method used to authenticate the user. (Note that this
AVP is semantically equivalent, and the supported values are
identical, to the Microsoft MS-Acct-Auth-Type vendor-specific RADIUS
attribute [RFC2548]).

4.6.8. Acct-Delay-Time AVP

The Acct-Delay-Time AVP (AVP Code 41) is of type Unsigned32 and
indicates the number of seconds the Diameter client has been trying
to send the Accounting-Request (ACR). The accounting server may
subtract this value from the time when the ACR arrives at the server
to calculate the approximate time of the event that caused the ACR to
be generated.

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This AVP is not used for retransmissions at the transport level (TCP
or SCTP). Rather, it may be used when an ACR command cannot be
transmitted because there is no appropriate peer to transmit it to or
it was rejected because it could not be delivered. In these cases,
the command MAY be buffered and transmitted later, when an
appropriate peer-connection is available or after sufficient time has
passed that the destination-host may be reachable and operational.
If the ACR is re-sent in this way, the Acct-Delay-Time AVP SHOULD be
included. The value of this AVP indicates the number of seconds that
elapsed between the time of the first attempt at transmission and the
current attempt.

4.6.9. Acct-Link-Count AVP

The Acct-Link-Count AVP (AVP Code 51) is of type Unsigned32 and
indicates the total number of links that have been active (current or
closed) in a given multilink session at the time the accounting
record is generated. This AVP MAY be included in Accounting-Request
AVPs for any session that may be part of a multilink service.

The Acct-Link-Count AVP may be used to make it easier for an
accounting server to know when it has all the records for a given
multilink service. When the number of Accounting-Request AVPs
received with Accounting-Record-Type = STOP_RECORD and with the same
Acct-Multi-Session-Id and unique Session-Id AVPs equals the largest
value of Acct-Link-Count seen in those Accounting-Request AVPs, all
STOP_RECORD Accounting-Request AVPs for that multilink service have
been received.

The following example, showing eight Accounting-Request AVPs,
illustrates how the Acct-Link-Count AVP is used. In the table below,
only the relevant AVPs are shown, although additional AVPs containing
accounting information will be present in the Accounting-Requests
AVPs.

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Acct-Multi- Accounting- Acct-
Session-Id Session-Id Record-Type Link-Count
--------------------------------------------------------
"...10" "...10" START_RECORD 1
"...10" "...11" START_RECORD 2
"...10" "...11" STOP_RECORD 2
"...10" "...12" START_RECORD 3
"...10" "...13" START_RECORD 4
"...10" "...12" STOP_RECORD 4
"...10" "...13" STOP_RECORD 4
"...10" "...10" STOP_RECORD 4

4.6.10. Acct-Tunnel-Connection AVP

The Acct-Tunnel-Connection AVP (AVP Code 68) is of type OctetString
and contains the identifier assigned to the tunnel session. This
AVP, along with the Tunnel-Client-Endpoint (Section 4.5.4) and
Tunnel-Server-Endpoint (Section 4.5.5) AVPs, may be used to provide a
means to uniquely identify a tunnel session for auditing purposes.

The format of the identifier in this AVP depends upon the value of
the Tunnel-Type AVP (Section 4.5.2). For example, to identify an
L2TP tunnel connection fully, the L2TP Tunnel Id and Call Id might be
encoded in this field. The exact encoding of this field is
implementation dependent.

4.6.11. Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost AVP

The Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost AVP (AVP Code 86) is of type Unsigned32
and contains the number of packets lost on a given tunnel.

5. AVP Occurrence Tables

The following tables present the AVPs used by NAS applications in NAS
messages and specify in which Diameter messages they may or may not
be present. Messages and AVPs defined in the Diameter Base protocol
[RFC6733] are not described in this document. Note that AVPs that
can only be present within a grouped AVP are not represented in this
table.

The tables use the following symbols:

0 The AVP MUST NOT be present in the message.

0+ Zero or more instances of the AVP MAY be present in the
message.

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0-1 Zero or one instance of the AVP MAY be present in the
message.

1 Exactly one instance of the AVP MUST be present in the
message.

5.1. AA-Request / AA-Answer AVP Table

The table in this section is limited to the Command Codes defined in
this specification.

+-----------+
| Command |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | AAR | AAA |
------------------------------|-----+-----+
Acct-Interim-Interval | 0 | 0-1 |
ARAP-Challenge-Response | 0 | 0-1 |
ARAP-Features | 0 | 0-1 |
ARAP-Password | 0-1 | 0 |
ARAP-Security | 0-1 | 0-1 |
ARAP-Security-Data | 0+ | 0+ |
ARAP-Zone-Access | 0 | 0-1 |
Auth-Application-Id | 1 | 1 |
Auth-Grace-Period | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Auth-Request-Type | 1 | 1 |
Auth-Session-State | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Authorization-Lifetime | 0-1 | 0-1 |
------------------------------|-----+-----+

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+-----------+
| Command |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | AAR | AAA |
------------------------------|-----+-----+
Callback-Id | 0 | 0-1 |
Callback-Number | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Called-Station-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Calling-Station-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
CHAP-Auth | 0-1 | 0 |
CHAP-Challenge | 0-1 | 0 |
Class | 0 | 0+ |
Configuration-Token | 0 | 0+ |
Connect-Info | 0+ | 0 |
Destination-Host | 0-1 | 0 |
Destination-Realm | 1 | 0 |
Error-Message | 0 | 0-1 |
Error-Reporting-Host | 0 | 0-1 |
Failed-AVP | 0+ | 0+ |
Filter-Id | 0 | 0+ |
Framed-Appletalk-Link | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-Appletalk-Network | 0 | 0+ |
Framed-Appletalk-Zone | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-Compression | 0+ | 0+ |
Framed-Interface-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-IP-Address | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-IP-Netmask | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-IPv6-Prefix | 0+ | 0+ |
Framed-IPv6-Pool | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-IPv6-Route | 0 | 0+ |
Framed-IPX-Network | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-MTU | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-Pool | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-Protocol | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-Route | 0 | 0+ |
Framed-Routing | 0 | 0-1 |
Idle-Timeout | 0 | 0-1 |
Login-IP-Host | 0+ | 0+ |
Login-IPv6-Host | 0+ | 0+ |
Login-LAT-Group | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Login-LAT-Node | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Login-LAT-Port | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Login-LAT-Service | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Login-Service | 0 | 0-1 |
Login-TCP-Port | 0 | 0-1 |
Multi-Round-Time-Out | 0 | 0-1 |
------------------------------|-----+-----+

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+-----------+
| Command |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | AAR | AAA |
------------------------------|-----+-----+
NAS-Filter-Rule | 0 | 0+ |
NAS-Identifier | 0-1 | 0 |
NAS-IP-Address | 0-1 | 0 |
NAS-IPv6-Address | 0-1 | 0 |
NAS-Port | 0-1 | 0 |
NAS-Port-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
NAS-Port-Type | 0-1 | 0 |
Origin-AAA-Protocol | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Origin-Host | 1 | 1 |
Origin-Realm | 1 | 1 |
Origin-State-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Originating-Line-Info | 0-1 | 0 |
Password-Retry | 0 | 0-1 |
Port-Limit | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Prompt | 0 | 0-1 |
Proxy-Info | 0+ | 0+ |
QoS-Filter-Rule | 0 | 0+ |
Re-Auth-Request-Type | 0 | 0-1 |
Redirect-Host | 0 | 0+ |
Redirect-Host-Usage | 0 | 0-1 |
Redirect-Max-Cache-Time | 0 | 0-1 |
Reply-Message | 0 | 0+ |
Result-Code | 0 | 1 |
Route-Record | 0+ | 0 |
Service-Type | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Session-Id | 1 | 1 |
Session-Timeout | 0 | 0-1 |
State | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Tunneling | 0+ | 0+ |
User-Name | 0-1 | 0-1 |
User-Password | 0-1 | 0 |
------------------------------|-----+-----+

5.2. Accounting AVP Tables

The tables in this section are used to show which AVPs defined in
this document are to be present and used in NAS application
Accounting messages. These AVPs are defined in this document, as
well as in [RFC6733] and [RFC2866].

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5.2.1. Framed Access Accounting AVP Table

The table in this section is used when the Service-Type AVP
(Section 4.4.1) specifies Framed Access.

+-----------+
| Command |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | ACR | ACA |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+
Accounting-Auth-Method | 0-1 | 0 |
Accounting-Input-Octets | 1 | 0 |
Accounting-Input-Packets | 1 | 0 |
Accounting-Output-Octets | 1 | 0 |
Accounting-Output-Packets | 1 | 0 |
Accounting-Record-Number | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Record-Type | 1 | 1 |
Accounting-Realtime-Required | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Sub-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Application-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Session-Id | 1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Multi-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Authentic | 1 | 0 |
Acct-Delay-Time | 0-1 | 0 |
Acct-Interim-Interval | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Link-Count | 0-1 | 0 |
Acct-Session-Time | 1 | 0 |
Acct-Tunnel-Connection | 0-1 | 0 |
Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost | 0-1 | 0 |
Authorization-Lifetime | 0-1 | 0 |
Callback-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Callback-Number | 0-1 | 0 |
Called-Station-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Calling-Station-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Class | 0+ | 0+ |
Connection-Info | 0+ | 0 |
Destination-Host | 0-1 | 0 |
Destination-Realm | 1 | 0 |
Event-Timestamp | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Error-Message | 0 | 0-1 |
Error-Reporting-Host | 0 | 0-1 |
Failed-AVP | 0 | 0+ |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+

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+-----------+
| Command |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | ACR | ACA |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+
Framed-Appletalk-Link | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-Appletalk-Network | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-Appletalk-Zone | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-Compression | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-IP-Address | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-IP-Netmask | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-IPv6-Prefix | 0+ | 0 |
Framed-IPv6-Pool | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-IPX-Network | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-MTU | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-Pool | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-Protocol | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-Route | 0-1 | 0 |
Framed-Routing | 0-1 | 0 |
NAS-Filter-Rule | 0+ | 0 |
NAS-Identifier | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-IP-Address | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-IPv6-Address | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-Port | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-Port-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-Port-Type | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Origin-AAA-Protocol | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Origin-Host | 1 | 1 |
Origin-Realm | 1 | 1 |
Origin-State-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Originating-Line-Info | 0-1 | 0 |
Proxy-Info | 0+ | 0+ |
QoS-Filter-Rule | 0+ | 0 |
Route-Record | 0+ | 0 |
Result-Code | 0 | 1 |
Service-Type | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Session-Id | 1 | 1 |
Termination-Cause | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Tunnel-Assignment-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint | 0-1 | 0 |
Tunnel-Medium-Type | 0-1 | 0 |
Tunnel-Private-Group-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Tunnel-Server-Endpoint | 0-1 | 0 |
Tunnel-Type | 0-1 | 0 |
User-Name | 0-1 | 0-1 |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+

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5.2.2. Non-Framed Access Accounting AVP Table

The table in this section is used when the Service-Type AVP
(Section 4.4.1) specifies Non-Framed Access.

+-----------+
| Command |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | ACR | ACA |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+
Accounting-Auth-Method | 0-1 | 0 |
Accounting-Input-Octets | 1 | 0 |
Accounting-Output-Octets | 1 | 0 |
Accounting-Record-Type | 1 | 1 |
Accounting-Record-Number | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Realtime-Required | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Sub-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Application-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Session-Id | 1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Multi-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Authentic | 1 | 0 |
Acct-Delay-Time | 0-1 | 0 |
Acct-Interim-Interval | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Link-Count | 0-1 | 0 |
Acct-Session-Time | 1 | 0 |
Authorization-Lifetime | 0-1 | 0 |
Callback-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Callback-Number | 0-1 | 0 |
Called-Station-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Calling-Station-Id | 0-1 | 0 |
Class | 0+ | 0+ |
Connection-Info | 0+ | 0 |
Destination-Host | 0-1 | 0 |
Destination-Realm | 1 | 0 |
Event-Timestamp | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Error-Message | 0 | 0-1 |
Error-Reporting-Host | 0 | 0-1 |
Failed-AVP | 0 | 0+ |
Login-IP-Host | 0+ | 0 |
Login-IPv6-Host | 0+ | 0 |
Login-LAT-Service | 0-1 | 0 |
Login-LAT-Node | 0-1 | 0 |
Login-LAT-Group | 0-1 | 0 |
Login-LAT-Port | 0-1 | 0 |
Login-Service | 0-1 | 0 |
Login-TCP-Port | 0-1 | 0 |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+

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+-----------+
| Command |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | ACR | ACA |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+
NAS-Identifier | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-IP-Address | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-IPv6-Address | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-Port | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-Port-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
NAS-Port-Type | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Origin-AAA-Protocol | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Origin-Host | 1 | 1 |
Origin-Realm | 1 | 1 |
Origin-State-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Originating-Line-Info | 0-1 | 0 |
Proxy-Info | 0+ | 0+ |
QoS-Filter-Rule | 0+ | 0 |
Route-Record | 0+ | 0 |
Result-Code | 0 | 1 |
Session-Id | 1 | 1 |
Service-Type | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Termination-Cause | 0-1 | 0-1 |
User-Name | 0-1 | 0-1 |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+

6. Unicode Considerations

A number of the AVPs in this RFC use the UTF8String type specified in
the Diameter Base protocol [RFC6733]. Implementation differences in
Unicode input processing may result in the same Unicode input
characters generating different UTF-8 strings that fail to match when
compared for equality. This may result in interoperability problems
between a network access server and a Diameter server when a UTF-8
string entered locally is compared with one received via Diameter.
Many of the uses of UTF8String in this RFC are limited to the 7-bit
US-ASCII-compatible subset of UTF-8, where this class of Unicode
string comparison problems does not arise.

Careful preparation of Unicode strings can increase the likelihood
that string comparison will work in ways that make sense for typical
users throughout the world; [RFC3454] is an example a framework for
such Unicode string preparation. The Diameter application specified
in this RFC has been deployed with use of Unicode in accordance with
[RFC4005], which does not require any Unicode string preparation. As
a result, additional requirements for Unicode string preparation in
this RFC would not be backwards compatible with existing usage.

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The Diameter server and the network access servers that it serves can
be assumed to be under common administrative control, and all of the
UTF-8 strings involved are part of the configuration of these
servers. Therefore, administrative interfaces for implementations of
this RFC:

a. SHOULD accept direct UTF-8 input of all configuration strings for
AVPs that allow Unicode characters beyond the 7-bit US-ASCII-
compatible subset of Unicode (in addition to any provisions for
accepting Unicode characters for processing into UTF-8), and

b. SHOULD make all such configuration strings available as UTF-8
strings.

This functionality enables an administrator who encounters Unicode
string comparison problems to copy one instance of aproblematic UTF-8
string from one server to the other, after which the two (now
identical) copies should compare as expected.

7. IANA Considerations

Several of the namespaces used in this document are managed by the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA], including the AVP Codes
[AVP-Codes], AVP Specific Values [AVP-Vals], Application IDs
[App-Ids], Command Codes [Command-Codes], and RADIUS Attribute Values
[RADIUSAttrVals].

For the current values allocated, and the policies governing
allocation in those namespaces, please see the above-referenced
registries.

8. Security Considerations

This document describes the extension of Diameter for the NAS
application. Security considerations regarding the Diameter protocol
itself are discussed in [RFC6733]. Use of this application of
Diameter MUST take into consideration the security issues and
requirements of the Base protocol.

8.1. Authentication Considerations

This document does not contain a security protocol but does discuss
how PPP authentication protocols can be carried within the Diameter
protocol. The PPP authentication protocols described are PAP and
CHAP.

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The use of PAP SHOULD be discouraged, as it exposes users' passwords
to possibly non-trusted entities. However, PAP is also frequently
used for use with one-time passwords, which do not expose a security
risk.

This document also describes how CHAP can be carried within the
Diameter protocol, which is required for RADIUS backward
compatibility. The CHAP protocol, as used in a RADIUS environment,
facilitates authentication replay attacks.

The use of the EAP authentication protocols [RFC4072] can offer
better security, given a method suitable for the circumstances.

Depending on the value of the Auth-Request-Type AVP, the Diameter
protocol allows authorization-only requests that contain no
authentication information from the client. This capability goes
beyond the Call Check capabilities provided by RADIUS (Section 5.6 of
[RFC2865]) in that no access decision is requested. As a result, a
new session cannot be started as a result of a response to an
authorization-only request without introducing a significant security
vulnerability.

8.2. AVP Considerations

Diameter AVPs often contain security-sensitive data; for example,
user passwords and location data, network addresses and cryptographic
keys. With the exception of the Configuration-Token (Section 4.4.8),
QoS-Filter-Rule (Section 4.4.9), and Tunneling (Section 4.5.1) AVPs,
all of the AVPs defined in this document are considered to be
security-sensitive.

Diameter messages containing any AVPs considered to be security-
sensitive MUST only be sent protected via mutually authenticated TLS
or IPsec. In addition, those messages MUST NOT be sent via
intermediate nodes unless there is end-to-end security between the
originator and recipient or the originator has locally trusted
configuration that indicates that end-to-end security is not needed.
For example, end-to-end security may not be required in the case
where an intermediary node is known to be operated as part of the
same administrative domain as the endpoints so that an ability to
successfully compromise the intermediary would imply a high
probability of being able to compromise the endpoints as well. Note
that no end-to-end security mechanism is specified in this document.

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9. References

9.1. Normative References

[ANITypes] NANPA Number Resource Info, "ANI Assignments",
<http://www.nanpa.com/number_resource_info/
ani_ii_assignments.html>.

[RFC1994] Simpson, W., "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication
Protocol (CHAP)", RFC 1994, August 1996.

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

[RFC2865] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson,
"Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC
2865, June 2000.

[RFC3162] Aboba, B., Zorn, G., and D. Mitton, "RADIUS and IPv6", RFC
3162, August 2001.

[RFC3516] Nerenberg, L., "IMAP4 Binary Content Extension", RFC 3516,
April 2003.

[RFC3539] Aboba, B. and J. Wood, "Authentication, Authorization and
Accounting (AAA) Transport Profile", RFC 3539, June 2003.

[RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

[RFC5777] Korhonen, J., Tschofenig, H., Arumaithurai, M., Jones, M.,
and A. Lior, "Traffic Classification and Quality of
Service (QoS) Attributes for Diameter", RFC 5777, February
2010.

[RFC6733] Fajardo, V., Arkko, J., Loughney, J., and G. Zorn,
"Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 6733, October 2012.

9.2. Informative References

[ARAP] Apple Computer, "Apple Remote Access Protocol (ARAP)
Version 2.0 External Reference Specification", R0612LL/B ,
September 1994.

[AVP-Codes]
IANA, "AVP Codes",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/aaa-parameters/>.

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RFC 7155 Diameter NASREQ April 2014

[AVP-Vals] IANA, "AVP Specific Values",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/aaa-parameters/>.

[App-Ids] IANA, "Application IDs",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/aaa-parameters/>.

[AppleTalk]
Sidhu, G., Andrews, R., and A. Oppenheimer, "Inside
AppleTalk", Second Edition Apple Computer, 1990.

[BASE] Calhoun, P., Loughney, J., Guttman, E., Zorn, G., and J.
Arkko, "Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 3588, September 2003.

[Command-Codes]
IANA, "Command Codes",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/aaa-parameters/>.

[IANA] IANA, "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority",
<http://www.iana.org/>.

[IPX] Novell, Inc., "NetWare System Technical Interface
Overview", #883-000780-001, June 1989.

[ISO.8859-1.1987]
International Organization for Standardization,
"Information technology - 8-bit single byte coded graphic
- character sets - Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1, JTC1/
SC2", ISO Standard 8859-1, 1987.

[LAT] Digital Equipment Corp., "Local Area Transport (LAT)
Specification V5.0", AA-NL26A-TE, June 1989.

[RADIUSAttrVals]
IANA, "Radius Attribute Values",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/radius-types/>.

[RFC1334] Lloyd, B. and W. Simpson, "PPP Authentication Protocols",
RFC 1334, October 1992.

[RFC1661] Simpson, W., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD 51,
RFC 1661, July 1994.

[RFC1990] Sklower, K., Lloyd, B., McGregor, G., Carr, D., and T.
Coradetti, "The PPP Multilink Protocol (MP)", RFC 1990,
August 1996.

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RFC 7155 Diameter NASREQ April 2014

[RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
"Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, December
1998.

[RFC2548] Zorn, G., "Microsoft Vendor-specific RADIUS Attributes",
RFC 2548, March 1999.

[RFC2597] Heinanen, J., Baker, F., Weiss, W., and J. Wroclawski,
"Assured Forwarding PHB Group", RFC 2597, June 1999.

[RFC2637] Hamzeh, K., Pall, G., Verthein, W., Taarud, J., Little,
W., and G. Zorn, "Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol", RFC
2637, July 1999.

[RFC2866] Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.

[RFC2867] Zorn, G., Aboba, B., and D. Mitton, "RADIUS Accounting
Modifications for Tunnel Protocol Support", RFC 2867, June
2000.

[RFC2868] Zorn, G., Leifer, D., Rubens, A., Shriver, J., Holdrege,
M., and I. Goyret, "RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol
Support", RFC 2868, June 2000.

[RFC2869] Rigney, C., Willats, W., and P. Calhoun, "RADIUS
Extensions", RFC 2869, June 2000.

[RFC2881] Mitton, D. and M. Beadles, "Network Access Server
Requirements Next Generation (NASREQNG) NAS Model", RFC
2881, July 2000.

[RFC2989] Aboba, B., Calhoun, P., Glass, S., Hiller, T., McCann, P.,
Shiino, H., Walsh, P., Zorn, G., Dommety, G., Perkins, C.,
Patil, B., Mitton, D., Manning, S., Beadles, M., Chen, X.,
Sivalingham, S., Hameed, A., Munson, M., Jacobs, S., Lim,
B., Hirschman, B., Hsu, R., Koo, H., Lipford, M.,
Campbell, E., Xu, Y., Baba, S., and E. Jaques, "Criteria
for Evaluating AAA Protocols for Network Access", RFC
2989, November 2000.

[RFC3169] Beadles, M. and D. Mitton, "Criteria for Evaluating
Network Access Server Protocols", RFC 3169, September
2001.

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[RFC3246] Davie, B., Charny, A., Bennet, J., Benson, K., Le Boudec,
J., Courtney, W., Davari, S., Firoiu, V., and D.
Stiliadis, "An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop
Behavior)", RFC 3246, March 2002.

[RFC3454] Hoffman, P. and M. Blanchet, "Preparation of
Internationalized Strings ("stringprep")", RFC 3454,
December 2002.

[RFC3580] Congdon, P., Aboba, B., Smith, A., Zorn, G., and J. Roese,
"IEEE 802.1X Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
(RADIUS) Usage Guidelines", RFC 3580, September 2003.

[RFC3931] Lau, J., Townsley, M., and I. Goyret, "Layer Two Tunneling
Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3)", RFC 3931, March 2005.

[RFC4005] Calhoun, P., Zorn, G., Spence, D., and D. Mitton,
"Diameter Network Access Server Application", RFC 4005,
August 2005.

[RFC4072] Eronen, P., Hiller, T., and G. Zorn, "Diameter Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP) Application", RFC 4072,
August 2005.

[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.

[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

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Appendix A. Acknowledgements

A.1. This Document

The vast majority of the text in this document was taken directly
from RFC 4005; the editor owes a debt of gratitude to the authors
thereof (especially Dave Mitton, who somehow managed to make nroff
paginate the AVP Occurance Tables correctly!).

Thanks (in no particular order) to Jai-Jin Lim, Liu Hans, Sebastien
Decugis, Jouni Korhonen, Mark Jones, Hannes Tschofenig, Dave Crocker,
David Black, Barry Leiba, Peter Saint-Andre, Stefan Winter, and
Lionel Morand for their useful reviews and helpful comments.

A.2. RFC 4005

The authors would like to thank Carl Rigney, Allan C. Rubens, William
Allen Simpson, and Steve Willens for their work on the original
RADIUS protocol, from which many of the concepts in this
specification were derived. Thanks, also, to Carl Rigney for
[RFC2866] and [RFC2869]; Ward Willats for [RFC2869]; Glen Zorn,
Bernard Aboba, and Dave Mitton for [RFC2867] and [RFC3162]; and Dory
Leifer, John Shriver, Matt Holdrege, Allan Rubens, Glen Zorn, and
Ignacio Goyret for their work on [RFC2868]. This document stole text
and concepts from both [RFC2868] and [RFC2869]. Thanks go to Carl
Williams for providing IPv6-specific text.

The authors would also like to acknowledge the following people for
their contributions in the development of the Diameter protocol:
Bernard Aboba, Jari Arkko, William Bulley, Kuntal Chowdhury, Daniel
C. Fox, Lol Grant, Nancy Greene, Jeff Hagg, Peter Heitman, Paul
Krumviede, Fergal Ladley, Ryan Moats, Victor Muslin, Kenneth Peirce,
Sumit Vakil, John R. Vollbrecht, and Jeff Weisberg.

Finally, Pat Calhoun would like to thank Sun Microsystems, as most of
the effort put into this document was done while he was in their
employ.

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Author's Address

Glen Zorn (editor)
Network Zen
227/358 Thanon Sanphawut
Bang Na, Bangkok 10260
Thailand

Phone: +66 (0)8-1000-4155
EMail: [email protected]

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