Network Working Group D. Fowler, Editor
Request for Comments: 2496 Newbridge Networks
Obsoletes: 1407 January 1999
Category: Standards Track
Definitions of Managed Objects for the DS3/E3 Interface Type
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.
In particular, it describes objects used for managing DS3 and E3
interfaces. This document is a companion document with Definitions
of Managed Objects for the DS0 (RFC 2494 [25]), DS1/E1/DS2/E2 (RFC
2495 [17]), and the work in progress SONET/SDH Interface Types.
This memo specifies a MIB module in a manner that is both compliant
to the SNMPv2 SMI, and semantically identical to the peer SNMPv1
definitions.
Table of Contents
1 The SNMP Management Framework ................................ 2
1.1 Changes from RFC1407 ....................................... 3
2 Overview ..................................................... 4
2.1 Use of ifTable for DS3 Layer ............................... 5
2.2 Usage Guidelines ........................................... 5
2.2.1 Usage of ifStackTable .................................... 5
2.2.2 Usage of Channelization for DS3, DS1, DS0 ................ 7
2.2.3 Usage of Channelization for DS3, DS2, DS1 ................ 7
2.2.4 Usage of Loopbacks ....................................... 8
2.3 Objectives of this MIB Module .............................. 9
2.4 DS3/E3 Terminology ......................................... 9
2.4.1 Error Events ............................................. 10
2.4.2 Performance Parameters ................................... 10
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2.4.3 Performance Defects ...................................... 13
2.4.4 Other Terms .............................................. 15
3 Object Definitions ........................................... 15
3.1 The DS3/E3 Near End Group .................................. 16
3.1.1 The DS3/E3 Configuration Table ........................... 16
3.1.2 The DS3/E3 Current Table ................................. 25
3.1.3 The DS3/E3 Interval Table ................................ 28
3.1.4 The DS3/E3 Total ......................................... 31
3.2 The DS3 Far End Group ...................................... 34
3.2.1 The DS3 Far End Configuration ............................ 35
3.2.2 The DS3 Far End Current .................................. 37
3.2.3 The DS3 Far End Interval Table ........................... 39
3.2.4 The DS3 Far End Total .................................... 41
3.3 The DS3/E3 Fractional Table ................................ 43
3.4 The DS3 Trap Group ......................................... 46
3.5 Conformance Groups ......................................... 46
4 Appendix A - Use of dsx3IfIndex and dsx3LineIndex ............ 51
5 Appendix B - The delay approach to Unavialable Seconds. ..... 54
6 Intellectual Property ........................................ 56
7 Acknowledgments .............................................. 56
8 References ................................................... 56
9 Security Considerations ...................................... 58
10 Author's Address ............................................ 59
11 Full Copyright Statement .................................... 60
1. The SNMP Management Framework
The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major
components:
o An overall architecture, described in RFC 2271 [1].
o Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the
purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of
Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in
STD 16, RFC 1155 [2], STD 16, RFC 1212 [3] and RFC 1215 [4]. The
second version, called SMIv2, is described in RFC 1902 [5], RFC
1903 [6] and RFC 1904 [7].
o Message protocols for transferring management information. The
first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and
described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second version of the SNMP
message protocol, which is not an Internet standards track
protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described in RFC 1901 [9] and
RFC 1906 [10]. The third version of the message protocol is
called SNMPv3 and described in RFC 1906 [10], RFC 2272 [11] and
RFC 2274 [12].
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o Protocol operations for accessing management information. The
first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is
described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second set of protocol
operations and associated PDU formats is described in RFC 1905
[13].
o A set of fundamental applications described in RFC 2273 [14] and
the view-based access control mechanism described in RFC 2275
[15]. Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information
store, termed the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects
in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.
This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2.
A MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the
appropriate translations. The resulting translated MIB must be
semantically equivalent, except where objects or events are
omitted because no translation is possible (use of Counter64).
Some machine readable information in SMIv2 will be converted
into textual descriptions in SMIv1 during the translation
process. However, this loss of machine readable information is
not considered to change the semantics of the MIB.
1.1. Changes from RFC1407
This MIB obsoletes RFC1407. The changes from RFC1407 are the
following:
(1) The Fractional Table has been deprecated
(2) This document uses SMIv2
(3) Values are given for ifTable and ifXTable
(4) Example usage of ifStackTable is included
(5) dsx3IfIndex has been deprecated
(6) The definition of valid intervals has been clarified
for the case where the agent proxied for other devices. In
particular, the treatment of missing intervals has been
clarified.
(7) An inward loopback has been added.
(8) Additional lineStatus bits have been added for Near End
in Unavailable Signal State, Carrier Equipment Out of
Service, DS@ Payload AIS, and DS@ Performance Threshold
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(9) A read-write line Length object has been added.
(10) Added a lineStatus last change, trap and enabler.
(11) Textual Conventions for statistics objects have
been used.
(12) A new object, dsx3LoopbackStatus, has been introduced to
reflect the loopbacks established on a DS3/E3 interface and
the source to the requests. dsx3LoopbackConfig continues
to be the desired loopback state while dsx3LoopbackStatus
reflects the actual state.
(13) A dual loopback has been added to allow the setting of an
inward loopback and a line loopback at the same time.
(14) An object has been added to indicated whether or not this
is a channelized DS3/E3.
(15) A new object has been added to indicate which DS1 is to set
for remote loopback.
2. Overview
These objects are used when the particular media being used to
realize an interface is a DS3/E3 interface. At present, this applies
to these values of the ifType variable in the Internet-standard MIB:
ds3 (30)
The DS3 definitions contained herein are based on the DS3
specifications in ANSI T1.102-1987, ANSI T1.107-1988, ANSI T1.107a-
1990, and ANSI T1.404-1989 [8,9,9a,10]. The E3 definitions contained
herein are based on the E3 specifications in CCITT G.751 [12].
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2.1. Use of ifTable for DS3 Layer
Only the ifGeneralGroup needs to be supported.
ifTable Object Use for DS3 Layer
======================================================================
ifIndex Interface index.
ifDescr See interfaces MIB [5]
ifType ds3(30)
ifSpeed Speed of line rate
DS3 - 44736000
E3 - 34368000
ifPhysAddress The value of the Circuit Identifier.
If no Circuit Identifier has been assigned
this object should have an octet string
with zero length.
ifAdminStatus See interfaces MIB [5]
ifOperStatus See interfaces MIB [5]
ifLastChange See interfaces MIB [5]
ifName See interfaces MIB [5]
ifLinkUpDownTrapEnable Set to enabled(1).
ifHighSpeed Speed of line in Mega-bits per second
(either 45 or 34)
ifConnectorPresent Set to true(1) normally, except for
cases such as DS3/E3 over AAL1/ATM where
false(2) is appropriate
2.2. Usage Guidelines
2.2.1. Usage of ifStackTable
The assignment of the index values could for example be:
ifIndex Description
1 Ethernet
2 Line#A Router
3 Line#B Router
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4 Line#C Router
5 Line#D Router
6 Line#A CSU Router
7 Line#B CSU Router
8 Line#C CSU Router
9 Line#D CSU Router
10 Line#A CSU Network
11 Line#B CSU Network
12 Line#C CSU Network
13 Line#D CSU Network
The ifStackTable is then used to show the relationships between the
various DS3 interfaces.
ifStackTable Entries
HigherLayer LowerLayer
2 6
3 7
4 8
5 9
6 10
7 11
8 12
9 13
If the CSU shelf is managed by itself by a local SNMP Agent, the
situation would be identical, except the Ethernet and the 4 router
interfaces are deleted. Interfaces would also be numbered from 1 to
8.
ifIndex Description
1 Line#A CSU Router
2 Line#B CSU Router
3 Line#C CSU Router
4 Line#D CSU Router
5 Line#A CSU Network
6 Line#B CSU Network
7 Line#C CSU Network
8 Line#D CSU Network
ifStackTable Entries
HigherLayer LowerLayer
1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8
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RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
2.2.2. Usage of Channelization for DS3, DS1, DS0
An example is given here to explain the channelization objects in the
DS3, DS1, and DS0 MIBs to help the implementor use the objects
correctly. Treatment of E3 and E1 would be similar, with the number
of DS0s being different depending on the framing of the E1.
Assume that a DS3 (with ifIndex 1) is Channelized into DS1s (without
DS2s). The object dsx3Channelization is set to enabledDs1. When
this object is set to enabledDS1, 28 ifEntries of type DS1 will be
created by the agent. If dsx3Channelization is set to disabled, then
the DS1s are destroyed.
Assume the entries in the ifTable for the DS1s are created in channel
order and the ifIndex values are 2 through 29. In the DS1 MIB, there
will be an entry in the dsx1ChanMappingTable for each ds1. The
entries will be as follows:
dsx1ChanMappingTable Entries
ifIndex dsx1Ds1ChannelNumber dsx1ChanMappedIfIndex
1 1 2
1 2 3
......
1 28 29
In addition, the DS1s are channelized into DS0s. The object
dsx1Channelization is set to enabledDS0 for each DS1. There will be
24 DS0s in the ifTable for each DS1. Assume the entries in the
ifTable are created in channel order and the ifIndex values for the
DS0s in the first DS1 are 30 through 53. In the DS0 MIB, there will
be an entry in the dsx0ChanMappingTable for each DS0. The entries
will be as follows:
dsx0ChanMappingTable Entries
ifIndex dsx0Ds0ChannelNumber dsx0ChanMappedIfIndex
2 1 30
2 2 31
......
2 24 53
2.2.3. Usage of Channelization for DS3, DS2, DS1
An example is given here to explain the channelization objects in the
DS3 and DS1 MIBs to help the implementor use the objects correctly.
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Assume that a DS3 (with ifIndex 1) is Channelized into DS2s. The
object dsx3Channelization is set to enabledDs2. There will be 7 DS2s
(ifType of DS1) in the ifTable. Assume the entries in the ifTable
for the DS2s are created in channel order and the ifIndex values are
2 through 8. In the DS1 MIB, there will be an entry in the
dsx1ChanMappingTable for each DS2. The entries will be as follows:
dsx1ChanMappingTable Entries
ifIndex dsx1Ds1ChannelNumber dsx1ChanMappedIfIndex
1 1 2
1 2 3
......
1 7 8
In addition, the DS2s are channelized into DS1s. The object
dsx1Channelization is set to enabledDS1 for each DS2. There will be
4 DS1s in the ifTable for each DS2. Assume the entries in the
ifTable are created in channel order and the ifIndex values for the
DS1s in the first DS2 are 9 through 12, then 13 through 16 for the
second DS2, and so on. In the DS1 MIB, there will be an entry in the
dsx1ChanMappingTable for each DS1. The entries will be as follows:
dsx1ChanMappingTable Entries
ifIndex dsx1Ds1ChannelNumber dsx1ChanMappedIfIndex
2 1 9
2 2 10
2 3 11
2 4 12
3 1 13
3 2 14
...
8 4 36
2.2.4. Usage of Loopbacks
This section discusses the behaviour of objects related to loopbacks.
The object dsx3LoopbackConfig represents the desired state of
loopbacks on this interface. Using this object a Manager can
request:
LineLoopback
PayloadLoopback (if ESF framing)
InwardLoopback
DualLoopback (Line + Inward)
NoLoopback
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The remote end can also request lookbacks either through the FDL
channel if ESF or inband if D4. The loopbacks that can be request
this way are:
LineLoopback
PayloadLoopback (if ESF framing)
NoLoopback
To model the current state of loopbacks on a DS3 interface, the
object dsx3LoopbackStatus defines which loopback is currently applies
to an interface. This objects, which is a bitmap, will have bits
turned on which reflect the currently active loopbacks on the
interface as well as the source of those loopbacks.
The following restrictions/rules apply to loopbacks:
The far end cannot undo loopbacks set by a manager.
A manager can undo loopbacks set by the far end.
Both a line loopback and an inward loopback can be set at the same
time. Only these two loopbacks can co-exist and either one may be
set by the manager or the far end. A LineLoopback request from the
far end is incremental to an existing Inward loopback established by
a manager. When a NoLoopback is received from the far end in this
case, the InwardLoopback remains in place.
2.3. Objectives of this MIB Module
There are numerous things that could be included in a MIB for DS3/E3
signals: the management of multiplexors, CSUs, DSUs, and the like.
The intent of this document is to facilitate the common management of
all devices with DS3/E3 interfaces. As such, a design decision was
made up front to very closely align the MIB with the set of objects
that can generally be read from DS3/E3 devices that are currently
deployed.
2.4. DS3/E3 Terminology
The terminology used in this document to describe error conditions on
a DS3 interface as monitored by a DS3 device are based on the late
but not final draft of what became the ANSI T1.231 standard [11]. If
the definition in this document does not match the definition in the
ANSI T1.231 document, the implementer should follow the definition
described in this document.
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2.4.1. Error Events
Bipolar Violation (BPV) Error Event
A bipolar violation error event, for B3ZS(HDB3)-coded signals,
is the occurrence of a pulse of the same polarity as the
previous pulse without being part of the zero substitution
code, B3ZS(HDB3). For B3ZS(HDB3)-coded signals, a bipolar
violation error event may also include other error patterns
such as: three(four) or more consecutive zeros and incorrect
polarity. (See T1.231 section 7.1.1.1.1)
Excessive Zeros (EXZ) Error Event
An EXZ is the occurrence of any zero string length equal to or
greater than 3 for B3ZS, or greater than 4 for HDB3. (See
T1.231 section 7.1.1.1.2)
Line Coding Violation (LCV) Error Event
This parameter is a count of both BPVs and EXZs occurring over
the accumulation period. An EXZ increments the LCV by one
regardless of the length of the zero string. (Also known as
CV-L. See T1.231 section 7.4.1.1)
P-bit Coding Violation (PCV) Error Event
For all DS3 applications, a coding violation error event is a
P-bit Parity Error event. A P-bit Parity Error event is the
occurrence of a received P-bit code on the DS3 M-frame that is
not identical to the corresponding locally- calculated code.
(See T1.231 section 7.1.1.2.1)
C-bit Coding Violation (CCV) Error Event
For C-bit Parity and SYNTRAN DS3 applications, this is the
count of coding violations reported via the C-bits. For C-bit
Parity, it is a count of CP-bit parity errors occurring in the
accumulation interval. For SYNTRAN, it is a count of CRC-9
errors occurring in the accumulation interval. (See T1.231
section 7.1.1.2.2)
2.4.2. Performance Parameters
All performance parameters are accumulated in fifteen minute
intervals and up to 96 intervals (24 hours worth) are kept by an
agent. Fewer than 96 intervals of data will be available if the
agent has been restarted within the last 24 hours. In addition,
there is a rolling 24-hour total of each performance parameter.
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There is no requirement for an agent to ensure fixed relationship
between the start of a fifteen minute interval and any wall clock;
however some agents may align the fifteen minute intervals with
quarter hours.
Performance parameters are of types PerfCurrentCount,
PerfIntervalCount and PerfTotalCount. These textual conventions are
all Gauge32, and they are used because it is possible for these
objects to decrease. Objects may decrease when Unavailable Seconds
occurs across a fifteen minutes interval boundary. See Unavailable
Seconds discussion later in this section.
Line Errored Seconds (LES)
A Line Errored Second is a second in which one or more CV
occurred OR one or more LOS defects. (Also known as ES-L. See
T1.231 section 7.4.1.2)
P-bit Errored Seconds (PES)
An PES is a second with one or more PCVs OR one or more Out of
Frame defects OR a detected incoming AIS. This gauge is not
incremented when UASs are counted. (Also known as ESP-P. See
T1.231 section 7.4.2.2)
P-bit Severely Errored Seconds (PSES)
A PSES is a second with 44 or more PCVs OR one or more Out of
Frame defects OR a detected incoming AIS. This gauge is not
incremented when UASs are counted. (Also known as SESP-P. See
T1.231 section 7.4.2.5)
C-bit Errored Seconds (CES)
An CES is a second with one or more CCVs OR one or more Out of
Frame defects OR a detected incoming AIS. This count is only
for the SYNTRAN and C-bit Parity DS3 applications. This gauge
is not incremented when UASs are counted. (Also known as
ESCP-P. See T1.231 section 7.4.2.2)
C-bit Severely Errored Seconds (CSES)
A CSES is a second with 44 or more CCVs OR one or more Out of
Frame defects OR a detected incoming AIS. This count is only
for the SYNTRAN and C-bit Parity DS3 applications. This gauge
is not incremented when UASs are counted. (Also known as
SESCP-P. See T1.231 section 7.4.2.5)
Severely Errored Framing Seconds (SEFS)
A SEFS is a second with one or more Out of Frame defects OR a
detected incoming AIS. This item is not incremented during
unavailable seconds. (Also known as SAS-P. See T1.231 section
7.4.2.6)
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RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
Unavailable Seconds (UAS)
UAS are calculated by counting the number of seconds that the
interface is unavailable. The DS3 interface is said to be
unavailable from the onset of 10 contiguous PSESs, or the
onset of the condition leading to a failure (see Failure
States). If the condition leading to the failure was
immediately preceded by one or more contiguous PSESs, then the
DS3 interface unavailability starts from the onset of these
PSESs. Once unavailable, and if no failure is present, the
DS3 interface becomes available at the onset of 10 contiguous
seconds with no PSESs. Once unavailable, and if a failure is
present, the DS3 interface becomes available at the onset of
10 contiguous seconds with no PSESs, if the failure clearing
time is less than or equal to 10 seconds. If the failure
clearing time is more than 10 seconds, the DS3 interface
becomes available at the onset of 10 contiguous seconds with
no PSESs, or the onset period leading to the successful
clearing condition, whichever occurs later. With respect to
the DS3 error counts, all counters are incremented while the
DS3 interface is deemed available. While the interface is
deemed unavailable, the only count that is incremented is
UASs.
Note that this definition implies that the agent cannot
determine until after a ten second interval has passed whether
a given one-second interval belongs to available or
unavailable time. If the agent chooses to update the various
performance statistics in real time then it must be prepared
to retroactively reduce the PES, PSES, CES, and CSES counts by
10 and increase the UAS count by 10 when it determines that
available time has been entered. It must also be prepared to
adjust the PCV, CCV, and SEFS count as necessary since these
parameters are not accumulated during unavailable time. It
must be similarly prepared to retroactively decrease the UAS
count by 10 and increase the PES, CES, PCV, and CCV counts as
necessary upon entering available time. A special case exists
when the 10 second period leading to available or unavailable
time crosses a 900 second statistics window boundary, as the
foregoing description implies that the PCV, CCV, PES, CES,
PSES, CSEC, SEFS, and UAS counts for the PREVIOUS interval
must be adjusted. In this case successive GETs of the
affected dsx3IntervalPSESs and dsx3IntervalUASs objects will
return differing values if the first GET occurs during the
first few seconds of the window.
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The agent may instead choose to delay updates to the various
statistics by 10 seconds in order to avoid retroactive
adjustments to the counters. A way to do this is sketched in
Appendix B.
In any case, a linkDown trap shall be sent only after the
agent has determined for certain that the unavailable state
has been entered, but the time on the trap will be that of the
first UAS (i.e., 10 seconds earlier). A linkUp trap shall be
handled similarly.
According to ANSI T1.231 unavailable time begins at the
_onset_ of 10 contiguous severely errored seconds -- that is,
unavailable time starts with the _first_ of the 10 contiguous
SESs. Also, while an interface is deemed unavailable all
counters for that interface are frozen except for the UAS
count. It follows that an implementation which strictly
complies with this standard must _not_ increment any counters
other than the UAS count -- even temporarily -- as a result of
anything that happens during those 10 seconds. Since changes
in the signal state lag the data to which they apply by 10
seconds, an ANSI-compliant implementation must pass the the
one-second statistics through a 10-second delay line prior to
updating any counters. That can be done by performing the
following steps at the end of each one second interval.
i) Read near/far end CV counter and alarm status flags from the
hardware.
ii) Accumulate the CV counts for the preceding second and compare
them to the ES and SES threshold for the layer in question.
Update the signal state and shift the one-second CV counts and
ES/SES flags into the 10-element delay line. Note that far-end
one-second statistics are to be flagged as "absent" during any
second in which there is an incoming defect at the layer in
question or at any lower layer.
iii) Update the current interval statistics using the signal state
from the _previous_ update cycle and the one-second CV counts
and ES/SES flags shifted out of the 10-element delay line.
This approach is further described in Appendix B.
2.4.3. Performance Defects
Failure States:
The Remote Alarm Indication (RAI) failure, in SYNTRAN
applications, is declared after detecting the Yellow Alarm
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Signal on the alarm channel. See ANSI T1.107a-1990 [9a]. The
Remote Alarm Indication failure, in C-bit Parity DS3
applications, is declared as soon as the presence of either
one or two alarm signals are detected on the Far End Alarm
Channel. See [9]. The Remote Alarm Indication failure may
also be declared after detecting the far-end SEF/AIS defect
(aka yellow). The Remote Alarm Indication failure is cleared
as soon as the presence of the any of the above alarms are
removed.
Also, the incoming failure state is declared when a defect
persists for at least 2-10 seconds. The defects are the
following: Loss of Signal (LOS), an Out of Frame (OOF) or an
incoming Alarm Indication Signal (AIS). The Failure State is
cleared when the defect is absent for less than or equal to 20
seconds.
Far End SEF/AIS defect (aka yellow)
A Far End SEF/AIS defect is the occurrence of the two X-bits
in a M-frame set to zero. The Far End SEF/AIS defect is
terminated when the two X-bits in a M-frame are set to one.
(Also known as SASCP-PFE. See T1.231 section 7.4.4.2.6)
Out of Frame (OOF) defect
A DS3 OOF defect is detected when any three or more errors in
sixteen or fewer consecutive F-bits occur within a DS3 M-
frame. An OOF defect may also be called a Severely Errored
Frame (SEF) defect. An OOF defect is cleared when reframe
occurs. A DS3 Loss of Frame (LOF) failure is declared when
the DS3 OOF defect is consistent for 2 to 10 seconds. The DS3
OOF defect ends when reframe occurs. The DS3 LOF failure is
cleared when the DS3 OOF defect is absent for 10 to 20
seconds. (See T1.231 section 7.1.2.2.1)
An E3 OOF defect is detected when four consecutive frame
alignment signals have been incorrectly received in there
predicted positions in an E3 signal. E3 frame alignment occurs
when the presence of three consecutive frame alignment signals
have been detected.
Loss of Signal (LOS) defect
The DS3 LOS defect is declared upon observing 175 +/- 75
contiguous pulse positions with no pulses of either positive
or negative polarity. The DS3 LOS defect is terminated upon
observing an average pulse density of at least 33% over a
period of 175 +/- 75 contiguous pulse positions starting with
the receipt of a pulse. (See T1.231 section 7.1.2.1.1)
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RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) defect
The DS3 AIS is framed with "stuck stuffing." This implies
that it has a valid M-subframe alignments bits, M-frame
alignment bits, and P bits. The information bits are set to a
1010... sequence, starting with a one (1) after each M-
subframe alignment bit, M-frame alignment bit, X bit, P bit,
and C bit. The C bits are all set to zero giving what is
called "stuck stuffing." The X bits are set to one. The DS3
AIS defect is declared after DS3 AIS is present in contiguous
M-frames for a time equal to or greater than T, where 0.2 ms
<= T <= 100 ms. The DS3 AIS defect is terminated after AIS is
absent in contiguous M-frames for a time equal to or greater
than T. (See T1.231 section 7.1.2.2.3)
The E3 binary content of the AIS is nominally a continuous
stream of ones. AIS detection and the application of
consequent actions, should be completed within a time limit of
1 ms.
2.4.4. Other Terms
Circuit Identifier
This is a character string specified by the circuit vendor,
and is useful when communicating with the vendor during the
troubleshooting process.
Proxy
In this document, the word proxy is meant to indicate an
application which receives SNMP messages and replies to them
on behalf of the devices which implement the actual DS3/E3
interfaces. The proxy may have already collected the
information about the DS3/E3 interfaces into its local
database and may not necessarily forward the requests to the
actual DS3/E3 interface. It is expected in such an
application that there are periods of time where the proxy is
not communicating with the DS3/E3 interfaces. In these
instances the proxy will not necessarily have up-to-date
configuration information and will most likely have missed the
collection of some statistics data. Missed statistics data
collection will result in invalid data in the interval table.
3. Object Definitions
DS3-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE,
NOTIFICATION-TYPE, transmission FROM SNMPv2-SMI
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 15]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
DisplayString, TimeStamp, TruthValue FROM SNMPv2-TC
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP,
NOTIFICATION-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF
InterfaceIndex FROM IF-MIB
PerfCurrentCount, PerfIntervalCount,
PerfTotalCount FROM PerfHist-TC-MIB;
ds3 MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "9808012130Z"
ORGANIZATION "IETF Trunk MIB Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO
" David Fowler
Postal: Newbridge Networks Corporation
600 March Road
Kanata, Ontario, Canada K2K 2E6
Tel: +1 613 591 3600
Fax: +1 613 599 3667
E-mail:
[email protected]"
DESCRIPTION
"The is the MIB module that describes
DS3 and E3 interfaces objects."
::= { transmission 30 }
-- The DS3/E3 Near End Group
-- The DS3/E3 Near End Group consists of four tables:
-- DS3/E3 Configuration
-- DS3/E3 Current
-- DS3/E3 Interval
-- DS3/E3 Total
-- the DS3/E3 Configuration Table
dsx3ConfigTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3ConfigEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3/E3 Configuration table."
::= { ds3 5 }
dsx3ConfigEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3ConfigEntry
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 16]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3/E3 Configuration table."
INDEX { dsx3LineIndex }
::= { dsx3ConfigTable 1 }
Dsx3ConfigEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3LineIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3IfIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3TimeElapsed INTEGER,
dsx3ValidIntervals INTEGER,
dsx3LineType INTEGER,
dsx3LineCoding INTEGER,
dsx3SendCode INTEGER,
dsx3CircuitIdentifier DisplayString,
dsx3LoopbackConfig INTEGER,
dsx3LineStatus INTEGER,
dsx3TransmitClockSource INTEGER,
dsx3InvalidIntervals INTEGER,
dsx3LineLength INTEGER,
dsx3LineStatusLastChange TimeStamp,
dsx3LineStatusChangeTrapEnable INTEGER,
dsx3LoopbackStatus INTEGER,
dsx3Channelization INTEGER,
dsx3Ds1ForRemoteLoop INTEGER
}
dsx3LineIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This object should be made equal to ifIndex. The
next paragraph describes its previous usage.
Making the object equal to ifIndex allows propoer
use of ifStackTable.
Previously, this object was the identifier of a
DS3/E3 Interface on a managed device. If there is
an ifEntry that is directly associated with this
and only this DS3/E3 interface, it should have the
same value as ifIndex. Otherwise, number the
dsx3LineIndices with an unique identifier
following the rules of choosing a number that is
greater than ifNumber and numbering the inside
interfaces (e.g., equipment side) with even
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 17]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
numbers and outside interfaces (e.g, network side)
with odd numbers."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 1 }
dsx3IfIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"This value for this object is equal to the value
of ifIndex from the Interfaces table of MIB II
(RFC 1213)."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 2 }
dsx3TimeElapsed OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..899)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of seconds that have elapsed since the
beginning of the near end current error-
measurement period. If, for some reason, such as
an adjustment in the system's time-of-day clock,
the current interval exceeds the maximum value,
the agent will return the maximum value."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 3 }
dsx3ValidIntervals OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..96)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of previous near end intervals for
which data was collected. The value will be
96 unless the interface was brought online within
the last 24 hours, in which case the value will be
the number of complete 15 minute near end
intervals since the interface has been online. In
the case where the agent is a proxy, it is
possible that some intervals are unavailable. In
this case, this interval is the maximum interval
number for which data is available."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 4 }
dsx3LineType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
dsx3other(1),
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 18]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3M23(2),
dsx3SYNTRAN(3),
dsx3CbitParity(4),
dsx3ClearChannel(5),
e3other(6),
e3Framed(7),
e3Plcp(8)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable indicates the variety of DS3 C-bit
or E3 application implementing this interface. The
type of interface affects the interpretation of
the usage and error statistics. The rate of DS3
is 44.736 Mbps and E3 is 34.368 Mbps. The
dsx3ClearChannel value means that the C-bits are
not used except for sending/receiving AIS.
The values, in sequence, describe:
TITLE: SPECIFICATION:
dsx3M23 ANSI T1.107-1988 [9]
dsx3SYNTRAN ANSI T1.107-1988 [9]
dsx3CbitParity ANSI T1.107a-1990 [9a]
dsx3ClearChannel ANSI T1.102-1987 [8]
e3Framed CCITT G.751 [12]
e3Plcp ETSI T/NA(91)18 [13]."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 5 }
dsx3LineCoding OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
dsx3Other(1),
dsx3B3ZS(2),
e3HDB3(3)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable describes the variety of Zero Code
Suppression used on this interface, which in turn
affects a number of its characteristics.
dsx3B3ZS and e3HDB3 refer to the use of specified
patterns of normal bits and bipolar violations
which are used to replace sequences of zero bits
of a specified length."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 6 }
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 19]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3SendCode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
dsx3SendNoCode(1),
dsx3SendLineCode(2),
dsx3SendPayloadCode(3),
dsx3SendResetCode(4),
dsx3SendDS1LoopCode(5),
dsx3SendTestPattern(6)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable indicates what type of code is
being sent across the DS3/E3 interface by the
device. (These are optional for E3 interfaces.)
Setting this variable causes the interface to
begin sending the code requested.
The values mean:
dsx3SendNoCode
sending looped or normal data
dsx3SendLineCode
sending a request for a line loopback
dsx3SendPayloadCode
sending a request for a payload loopback
(i.e., all DS1/E1s in a DS3/E3 frame)
dsx3SendResetCode
sending a loopback deactivation request
dsx3SendDS1LoopCode
requesting to loopback a particular DS1/E1
within a DS3/E3 frame. The DS1/E1 is
indicated in dsx3Ds1ForRemoteLoop.
dsx3SendTestPattern
sending a test pattern."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 7 }
dsx3CircuitIdentifier OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..255))
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable contains the transmission vendor's
circuit identifier, for the purpose of
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 20]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
facilitating troubleshooting."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 8 }
dsx3LoopbackConfig OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
dsx3NoLoop(1),
dsx3PayloadLoop(2),
dsx3LineLoop(3),
dsx3OtherLoop(4),
dsx3InwardLoop(5),
dsx3DualLoop(6)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable represents the desired loopback
configuration of the DS3/E3 interface.
The values mean:
dsx3NoLoop
Not in the loopback state. A device that is
not capable of performing a loopback on
the interface shall always return this as
its value.
dsx3PayloadLoop
The received signal at this interface is looped
through the device. Typically the received signal
is looped back for retransmission after it has
passed through the device's framing function.
dsx3LineLoop
The received signal at this interface does not
go through the device (minimum penetration) but
is looped back out.
dsx3OtherLoop
Loopbacks that are not defined here.
dsx3InwardLoop
The sent signal at this interface is looped back
through the device.
dsx3DualLoop
Both dsx1LineLoop and dsx1InwardLoop will be
active simultaneously."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 9 }
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 21]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3LineStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..4095)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable indicates the Line Status of the
interface. It contains loopback state information
and failure state information. The dsx3LineStatus
is a bit map represented as a sum, therefore, it
can represent multiple failures and a loopback
(see dsx3LoopbackConfig object for the type of
loopback) simultaneously. The dsx3NoAlarm must be
set if and only if no other flag is set.
If the dsx3loopbackState bit is set, the loopback
in effect can be determined from the
dsx3loopbackConfig object.
The various bit positions are:
1 dsx3NoAlarm No alarm present
2 dsx3RcvRAIFailure Receiving Yellow/Remote
Alarm Indication
4 dsx3XmitRAIAlarm Transmitting Yellow/Remote
Alarm Indication
8 dsx3RcvAIS Receiving AIS failure state
16 dsx3XmitAIS Transmitting AIS
32 dsx3LOF Receiving LOF failure state
64 dsx3LOS Receiving LOS failure state
128 dsx3LoopbackState Looping the received signal
256 dsx3RcvTestCode Receiving a Test Pattern
512 dsx3OtherFailure any line status not defined
here
1024 dsx3UnavailSigState Near End in Unavailable Signal
State
2048 dsx3NetEquipOOS Carrier Equipment Out of Service"
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 10 }
dsx3TransmitClockSource OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
loopTiming(1),
localTiming(2),
throughTiming(3)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The source of Transmit Clock.
loopTiming indicates that the recovered receive clock
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 22]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
is used as the transmit clock.
localTiming indicates that a local clock source is used
or that an external clock is attached to the box
containing the interface.
throughTiming indicates that transmit clock is derived
from the recovered receive clock of another DS3
interface."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 11 }
dsx3InvalidIntervals OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..96)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of intervals in the range from 0 to
dsx3ValidIntervals for which no data is
available. This object will typically be zero
except in cases where the data for some intervals
are not available (e.g., in proxy situations)."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 12 }
dsx3LineLength OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..64000)
UNITS "meters"
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The length of the ds3 line in meters. This
object provides information for line build out
circuitry if it exists and can use this object to
adjust the line build out."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 13 }
dsx3LineStatusLastChange OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of MIB II's sysUpTime object at the
time this DS3/E3 entered its current line status
state. If the current state was entered prior to
the last re-initialization of the proxy-agent,
then this object contains a zero value."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 14 }
dsx3LineStatusChangeTrapEnable OBJECT-TYPE
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 23]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
SYNTAX INTEGER {
enabled(1),
disabled(2)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates whether dsx3LineStatusChange traps
should be generated for this interface."
DEFVAL { disabled }
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 15 }
dsx3LoopbackStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..127)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable represents the current state of the
loopback on the DS3 interface. It contains
information about loopbacks established by a
manager and remotely from the far end.
The dsx3LoopbackStatus is a bit map represented as
a sum, therefore is can represent multiple
loopbacks simultaneously.
The various bit positions are:
1 dsx3NoLoopback
2 dsx3NearEndPayloadLoopback
4 dsx3NearEndLineLoopback
8 dsx3NearEndOtherLoopback
16 dsx3NearEndInwardLoopback
32 dsx3FarEndPayloadLoopback
64 dsx3FarEndLineLoopback"
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 16 }
dsx3Channelization OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
disabled(1),
enabledDs1(2),
enabledDs2(3)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates whether this ds3/e3 is channelized or
unchannelized. The value of enabledDs1 indicates
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 24]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
that this is a DS3 channelized into DS1s. The
value of enabledDs3 indicated that this is a DS3
channelized into DS2s. Setting this object will
cause the creation or deletion of DS2 or DS1
entries in the ifTable. "
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 17 }
dsx3Ds1ForRemoteLoop OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..29)
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates which ds1/e1 on this ds3/e3 will be
indicated in the remote ds1 loopback request. A
value of 0 means no DS1 will be looped. A value
of 29 means all ds1s/e1s will be looped."
::= { dsx3ConfigEntry 18 }
-- the DS3/E3 Current Table
dsx3CurrentTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3CurrentEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3/E3 current table contains various
statistics being collected for the current 15
minute interval."
::= { ds3 6 }
dsx3CurrentEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3CurrentEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3/E3 Current table."
INDEX { dsx3CurrentIndex }
::= { dsx3CurrentTable 1 }
Dsx3CurrentEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3CurrentIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3CurrentPESs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentPSESs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentSEFSs PerfCurrentCount,
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 25]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3CurrentUASs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentLCVs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentPCVs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentLESs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentCCVs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentCESs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3CurrentCSESs PerfCurrentCount
}
dsx3CurrentIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the
DS3/E3 interface to which this entry is
applicable. The interface identified by a
particular value of this index is the same
interface as identified by the same value an
dsx3LineIndex object instance."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 1 }
dsx3CurrentPESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 2 }
dsx3CurrentPSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Severely Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 3 }
dsx3CurrentSEFSs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of
Severely Errored Framing Seconds."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 4 }
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 26]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3CurrentUASs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of
Unavailable Seconds."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 5 }
dsx3CurrentLCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Line
Coding Violations."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 6 }
dsx3CurrentPCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Coding Violations."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 7 }
dsx3CurrentLESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of Line Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 8 }
dsx3CurrentCCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Coding Violations."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 9 }
dsx3CurrentCESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 27]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
"The number of C-bit Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 10 }
dsx3CurrentCSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Severely Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3CurrentEntry 11 }
-- the DS3/E3 Interval Table
dsx3IntervalTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3IntervalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3/E3 Interval Table contains various
statistics collected by each DS3/E3 Interface over
the previous 24 hours of operation. The past 24
hours are broken into 96 completed 15 minute
intervals. Each row in this table represents one
such interval (identified by dsx3IntervalNumber)
and for one specific interface (identifed by
dsx3IntervalIndex)."
::= { ds3 7 }
dsx3IntervalEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3IntervalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3/E3 Interval table."
INDEX { dsx3IntervalIndex, dsx3IntervalNumber }
::= { dsx3IntervalTable 1 }
Dsx3IntervalEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3IntervalIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3IntervalNumber INTEGER,
dsx3IntervalPESs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalPSESs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalSEFSs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalUASs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalLCVs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalPCVs PerfIntervalCount,
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 28]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3IntervalLESs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalCCVs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalCESs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalCSESs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3IntervalValidData TruthValue
}
dsx3IntervalIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the
DS3/E3 interface to which this entry is
applicable. The interface identified by a
particular value of this index is the same
interface as identified by the same value an
dsx3LineIndex object instance."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 1 }
dsx3IntervalNumber OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..96)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A number between 1 and 96, where 1 is the most
recently completed 15 minute interval and 96 is
the 15 minutes interval completed 23 hours and 45
minutes prior to interval 1."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 2 }
dsx3IntervalPESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 3 }
dsx3IntervalPSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Severely Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 4 }
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 29]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3IntervalSEFSs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of
Severely Errored Framing Seconds."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 5 }
dsx3IntervalUASs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of
Unavailable Seconds. This object may decrease if
the occurance of unavailable seconds occurs across
an inteval boundary."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 6 }
dsx3IntervalLCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Line
Coding Violations."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 7 }
dsx3IntervalPCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Coding Violations."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 8 }
dsx3IntervalLESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of Line Errored Seconds (BPVs or
illegal zero sequences)."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 9 }
dsx3IntervalCCVs OBJECT-TYPE
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 30]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Coding Violations."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 10 }
dsx3IntervalCESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 11 }
dsx3IntervalCSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Severely Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 12 }
dsx3IntervalValidData OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable indicates if the data for this
interval is valid."
::= { dsx3IntervalEntry 13 }
-- the DS3/E3 Total
dsx3TotalTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3TotalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3/E3 Total Table contains the cumulative
sum of the various statistics for the 24 hour
period preceding the current interval."
::= { ds3 8 }
dsx3TotalEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3TotalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 31]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3/E3 Total table."
INDEX { dsx3TotalIndex }
::= { dsx3TotalTable 1 }
Dsx3TotalEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3TotalIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3TotalPESs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalPSESs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalSEFSs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalUASs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalLCVs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalPCVs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalLESs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalCCVs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalCESs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3TotalCSESs PerfTotalCount
}
dsx3TotalIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the
DS3/E3 interface to which this entry is
applicable. The interface identified by a
particular value of this index is the same
interface as identified by the same value an
dsx3LineIndex object instance."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 1 }
dsx3TotalPESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Errored Seconds, encountered by a DS3 interface in
the previous 24 hour interval. Invalid 15 minute
intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 2 }
dsx3TotalPSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 32]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Severely Errored Seconds, encountered by a DS3
interface in the previous 24 hour interval.
Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 3 }
dsx3TotalSEFSs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of
Severely Errored Framing Seconds, encountered by a
DS3/E3 interface in the previous 24 hour interval.
Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 4 }
dsx3TotalUASs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of
Unavailable Seconds, encountered by a DS3
interface in the previous 24 hour interval.
Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 5 }
dsx3TotalLCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Line
Coding Violations encountered by a DS3/E3
interface in the previous 24 hour interval.
Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 6 }
dsx3TotalPCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of P-bit
Coding Violations, encountered by a DS3 interface
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 33]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
in the previous 24 hour interval. Invalid 15
minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 7 }
dsx3TotalLESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of Line Errored Seconds (BPVs or
illegal zero sequences) encountered by a DS3/E3
interface in the previous 24 hour interval.
Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 8 }
dsx3TotalCCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Coding Violations encountered
by a DS3 interface in the previous 24 hour
interval. Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 9 }
dsx3TotalCESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Errored Seconds encountered
by a DS3 interface in the previous 24 hour
interval. Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 10 }
dsx3TotalCSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of C-bit Severely Errored Seconds
encountered by a DS3 interface in the previous 24
hour interval. Invalid 15 minute intervals count
as 0."
::= { dsx3TotalEntry 11 }
-- The DS3 Far End Group
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 34]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
-- The DS3 Far End Group consists of four tables :
-- DS3 Far End Configuration
-- DS3 Far End Current
-- DS3 Far End Interval
-- DS3 Far End Total
-- The DS3 Far End Configuration Table
dsx3FarEndConfigTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3FarEndConfigEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3 Far End Configuration Table contains
configuration information reported in the C-bits
from the remote end."
::= { ds3 9 }
dsx3FarEndConfigEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3FarEndConfigEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3 Far End Configuration table."
INDEX { dsx3FarEndLineIndex }
::= { dsx3FarEndConfigTable 1 }
Dsx3FarEndConfigEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3FarEndLineIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3FarEndEquipCode DisplayString,
dsx3FarEndLocationIDCode DisplayString,
dsx3FarEndFrameIDCode DisplayString,
dsx3FarEndUnitCode DisplayString,
dsx3FarEndFacilityIDCode DisplayString
}
dsx3FarEndLineIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the DS3
interface to which this entry is applicable. The
interface identified by a particular value of this
index is the same interface as identified by the
same value an dsx3LineIndex object instance."
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 35]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
::= { dsx3FarEndConfigEntry 1 }
dsx3FarEndEquipCode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..10))
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This is the Far End Equipment Identification code
that describes the specific piece of equipment.
It is sent within the Path Identification
Message."
::= { dsx3FarEndConfigEntry 2 }
dsx3FarEndLocationIDCode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..11))
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This is the Far End Location Identification code
that describes the specific location of the
equipment. It is sent within the Path
Identification Message."
::= { dsx3FarEndConfigEntry 3 }
dsx3FarEndFrameIDCode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..10))
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This is the Far End Frame Identification code
that identifies where the equipment is located
within a building at a given location. It is sent
within the Path Identification Message."
::= { dsx3FarEndConfigEntry 4 }
dsx3FarEndUnitCode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..6))
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This is the Far End code that identifies the
equipment location within a bay. It is sent
within the Path Identification Message."
::= { dsx3FarEndConfigEntry 5 }
dsx3FarEndFacilityIDCode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..38))
MAX-ACCESS read-write
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 36]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This code identifies a specific Far End DS3 path.
It is sent within the Path Identification
Message."
::= { dsx3FarEndConfigEntry 6 }
-- The DS3 Far End Current
dsx3FarEndCurrentTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3 Far End Current table contains various
statistics being collected for the current 15
minute interval. The statistics are collected
from the far end block error code within the C-
bits."
::= { ds3 10 }
dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3 Far End Current table."
INDEX { dsx3FarEndCurrentIndex }
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentTable 1 }
Dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3FarEndCurrentIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3FarEndTimeElapsed INTEGER,
dsx3FarEndValidIntervals INTEGER,
dsx3FarEndCurrentCESs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3FarEndCurrentCSESs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3FarEndCurrentCCVs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3FarEndCurrentUASs PerfCurrentCount,
dsx3FarEndInvalidIntervals INTEGER
}
dsx3FarEndCurrentIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the DS3
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 37]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
interface to which this entry is applicable. The
interface identified by a particular value of this
index is identical to the interface identified by
the same value of dsx3LineIndex."
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 1 }
dsx3FarEndTimeElapsed OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..899)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of seconds that have elapsed since the
beginning of the far end current error-measurement
period. If, for some reason, such as an
adjustment in the system's time-of-day clock, the
current interval exceeds the maximum value, the
agent will return the maximum value."
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 2 }
dsx3FarEndValidIntervals OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..96)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of previous far end intervals for
which data was collected. The value will be
96 unless the interface was brought online within
the last 24 hours, in which case the value will be
the number of complete 15 minute far end intervals
since the interface has been online."
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 3 }
dsx3FarEndCurrentCESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far Far
End C-bit Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 4 }
dsx3FarEndCurrentCSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Severely Errored Seconds."
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 38]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 5 }
dsx3FarEndCurrentCCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Coding Violations reported via the far end
block error count."
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 6 }
dsx3FarEndCurrentUASs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfCurrentCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
unavailable seconds."
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 7 }
dsx3FarEndInvalidIntervals OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (0..96)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of intervals in the range from 0 to
dsx3FarEndValidIntervals for which no data is
available. This object will typically be zero
except in cases where the data for some intervals
are not available (e.g., in proxy situations)."
::= { dsx3FarEndCurrentEntry 8 }
-- The DS3 Far End Interval Table
dsx3FarEndIntervalTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3 Far End Interval Table contains various
statistics collected by each DS3 interface over
the previous 24 hours of operation. The past 24
hours are broken into 96 completed 15 minute
intervals."
::= { ds3 11 }
dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry OBJECT-TYPE
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 39]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
SYNTAX Dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3 Far End Interval table."
INDEX { dsx3FarEndIntervalIndex,
dsx3FarEndIntervalNumber }
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalTable 1 }
Dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3FarEndIntervalIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3FarEndIntervalNumber INTEGER,
dsx3FarEndIntervalCESs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3FarEndIntervalCSESs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3FarEndIntervalCCVs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3FarEndIntervalUASs PerfIntervalCount,
dsx3FarEndIntervalValidData TruthValue
}
dsx3FarEndIntervalIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the DS3
interface to which this entry is applicable. The
interface identified by a particular value of this
index is identical to the interface identified by
the same value of dsx3LineIndex."
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry 1 }
dsx3FarEndIntervalNumber OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..96)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A number between 1 and 96, where 1 is the most
recently completed 15 minute interval and 96 is
the 15 minutes interval completed 23 hours and 45
minutes prior to interval 1."
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry 2 }
dsx3FarEndIntervalCESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 40]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Errored Seconds encountered by a DS3
interface in one of the previous 96, individual 15
minute, intervals. In the case where the agent is
a proxy and data is not available, return
noSuchInstance."
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry 3 }
dsx3FarEndIntervalCSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Severely Errored Seconds."
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry 4 }
dsx3FarEndIntervalCCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Coding Violations reported via the far end
block error count."
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry 5 }
dsx3FarEndIntervalUASs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfIntervalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
unavailable seconds."
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry 6 }
dsx3FarEndIntervalValidData OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable indicates if the data for this
interval is valid."
::= { dsx3FarEndIntervalEntry 7 }
-- The DS3 Far End Total
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 41]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3FarEndTotalTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3FarEndTotalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The DS3 Far End Total Table contains the
cumulative sum of the various statistics for the
24 hour period preceding the current interval."
::= { ds3 12 }
dsx3FarEndTotalEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3FarEndTotalEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3 Far End Total table."
INDEX { dsx3FarEndTotalIndex }
::= { dsx3FarEndTotalTable 1 }
Dsx3FarEndTotalEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3FarEndTotalIndex InterfaceIndex,
dsx3FarEndTotalCESs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3FarEndTotalCSESs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3FarEndTotalCCVs PerfTotalCount,
dsx3FarEndTotalUASs PerfTotalCount
}
dsx3FarEndTotalIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX InterfaceIndex
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the DS3
interface to which this entry is applicable. The
interface identified by a particular value of this
index is identical to the interface identified by
the same value of dsx3LineIndex."
::= { dsx3FarEndTotalEntry 1 }
dsx3FarEndTotalCESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Errored Seconds encountered by a DS3
interface in the previous 24 hour interval.
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 42]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3FarEndTotalEntry 2 }
dsx3FarEndTotalCSESs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Severely Errored Seconds encountered by a
DS3 interface in the previous 24 hour interval.
Invalid 15 minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3FarEndTotalEntry 3 }
dsx3FarEndTotalCCVs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
C-bit Coding Violations reported via the far end
block error count encountered by a DS3 interface
in the previous 24 hour interval. Invalid 15
minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3FarEndTotalEntry 4 }
dsx3FarEndTotalUASs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PerfTotalCount
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The counter associated with the number of Far End
unavailable seconds encountered by a DS3 interface
in the previous 24 hour interval. Invalid 15
minute intervals count as 0."
::= { dsx3FarEndTotalEntry 5 }
-- the DS3/E3 Fractional Table
-- This table is deprecated.
dsx3FracTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF Dsx3FracEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"This table is deprecated in favour of using
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 43]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
ifStackTable.
Implementation of this table was optional. It was
designed for those systems dividing a DS3/E3 into
channels containing different data streams that
are of local interest.
The DS3/E3 fractional table identifies which
DS3/E3 channels associated with a CSU are being
used to support a logical interface, i.e., an
entry in the interfaces table from the Internet-
standard MIB.
For example, consider a DS3 device with 4 high
speed links carrying router traffic, a feed for
voice, a feed for video, and a synchronous channel
for a non-routed protocol. We might describe the
allocation of channels, in the dsx3FracTable, as
follows:
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 1 = 3 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.15 = 4
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 2 = 3 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.16 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 3 = 3 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.17 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 4 = 3 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.18 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 5 = 3 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.19 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 6 = 3 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.20 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 7 = 4 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.21 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 8 = 4 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.22 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2. 9 = 4 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.23 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2.10 = 4 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.24 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2.11 = 4 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.25 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2.12 = 5 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.26 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2.13 = 5 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.27 = 6
dsx3FracIfIndex.2.14 = 5 dsx3FracIfIndex.2.28 = 6
For dsx3M23, dsx3 SYNTRAN, dsx3CbitParity, and
dsx3ClearChannel there are 28 legal channels,
numbered 1 throug h 28.
For e3Framed there are 16 legal channels, numbered
1 through 16. The channels (1..16) correspond
directly to the equivalently numbered time-slots."
::= { ds3 13 }
dsx3FracEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Dsx3FracEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"An entry in the DS3 Fractional table."
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 44]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
INDEX { dsx3FracIndex, dsx3FracNumber }
::= { dsx3FracTable 1 }
Dsx3FracEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
dsx3FracIndex INTEGER,
dsx3FracNumber INTEGER,
dsx3FracIfIndex INTEGER
}
dsx3FracIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..'7fffffff'h)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The index value which uniquely identifies the
DS3 interface to which this entry is applicable
The interface identified by a particular value
of this index is the same interface as
identified by the same value an dsx3LineIndex
object instance."
::= { dsx3FracEntry 1 }
dsx3FracNumber OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..31)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The channel number for this entry."
::= { dsx3FracEntry 2 }
dsx3FracIfIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..'7fffffff'h)
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"An index value that uniquely identifies an
interface. The interface identified by a
particular value of this index is the same
interface as identified by the same value an
ifIndex object instance. If no interface is
currently using a channel, the value should be
zero. If a single interface occupies more than
one time slot, that ifIndex value will be found
in multiple time slots."
::= { dsx3FracEntry 3 }
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 45]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
-- Ds3 TRAPS
ds3Traps OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ds3 15 }
dsx3LineStatusChange NOTIFICATION-TYPE
OBJECTS { dsx3LineStatus,
dsx3LineStatusLastChange }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A dsx3LineStatusChange trap is sent when the
value of an instance of dsx3LineStatus changes. It
can be utilized by an NMS to trigger polls. When
the line status change results in a lower level
line status change (i.e. ds1), then no traps for
the lower level are sent."
::= { ds3Traps 0 1 }
-- conformance information
ds3Conformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ds3 14 }
ds3Groups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
ds3Conformance 1 } ds3Compliances OBJECT
IDENTIFIER ::= { ds3Conformance 2 }
-- compliance statements
ds3Compliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for DS3/E3
interfaces."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { ds3NearEndConfigGroup,
ds3NearEndStatisticsGroup }
GROUP ds3FarEndGroup
DESCRIPTION
"Implementation of this group is optional for all
systems that attach to a DS3 Interface. However,
only C-bit Parity and SYNTRAN DS3 applications
have the capability (option) of providing this
information."
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 46]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
GROUP ds3NearEndOptionalConfigGroup
DESCRIPTION
"Implementation of this group is optional for all
systems that attach to a DS3 interface."
OBJECT dsx3LineType
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access for the line type is not required."
OBJECT dsx3LineCoding
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access for the line coding is not
required."
OBJECT dsx3SendCode
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access for the send code is not required."
OBJECT dsx3LoopbackConfig
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access for loopbacks is not required."
OBJECT dsx3TransmitClockSource
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access for the transmit clock source is not
required."
OBJECT dsx3LineLength
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access for the line length is not
required."
OBJECT dsx3Channelization
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access for the channelization is not
required."
::= { ds3Compliances 1 }
-- units of conformance
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 47]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
ds3NearEndConfigGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { dsx3LineIndex,
dsx3TimeElapsed,
dsx3ValidIntervals,
dsx3LineType,
dsx3LineCoding,
dsx3SendCode,
dsx3CircuitIdentifier,
dsx3LoopbackConfig,
dsx3LineStatus,
dsx3TransmitClockSource,
dsx3InvalidIntervals,
dsx3LineLength,
dsx3LoopbackStatus,
dsx3Channelization,
dsx3Ds1ForRemoteLoop }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing configuration
information applicable to all DS3/E3 interfaces."
::= { ds3Groups 1 }
ds3NearEndStatisticsGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { dsx3CurrentIndex,
dsx3CurrentPESs,
dsx3CurrentPSESs,
dsx3CurrentSEFSs,
dsx3CurrentUASs,
dsx3CurrentLCVs,
dsx3CurrentPCVs,
dsx3CurrentLESs,
dsx3CurrentCCVs,
dsx3CurrentCESs,
dsx3CurrentCSESs,
dsx3IntervalIndex,
dsx3IntervalNumber,
dsx3IntervalPESs,
dsx3IntervalPSESs,
dsx3IntervalSEFSs,
dsx3IntervalUASs,
dsx3IntervalLCVs,
dsx3IntervalPCVs,
dsx3IntervalLESs,
dsx3IntervalCCVs,
dsx3IntervalCESs,
dsx3IntervalCSESs,
dsx3IntervalValidData,
dsx3TotalIndex,
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 48]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3TotalPESs,
dsx3TotalPSESs,
dsx3TotalSEFSs,
dsx3TotalUASs,
dsx3TotalLCVs,
dsx3TotalPCVs,
dsx3TotalLESs,
dsx3TotalCCVs,
dsx3TotalCESs,
dsx3TotalCSESs }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing statistics
information applicable to all DS3/E3 interfaces."
::= { ds3Groups 2 }
ds3FarEndGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { dsx3FarEndLineIndex,
dsx3FarEndEquipCode,
dsx3FarEndLocationIDCode,
dsx3FarEndFrameIDCode,
dsx3FarEndUnitCode,
dsx3FarEndFacilityIDCode,
dsx3FarEndCurrentIndex,
dsx3FarEndTimeElapsed,
dsx3FarEndValidIntervals,
dsx3FarEndCurrentCESs,
dsx3FarEndCurrentCSESs,
dsx3FarEndCurrentCCVs,
dsx3FarEndCurrentUASs,
dsx3FarEndInvalidIntervals,
dsx3FarEndIntervalIndex,
dsx3FarEndIntervalNumber,
dsx3FarEndIntervalCESs,
dsx3FarEndIntervalCSESs,
dsx3FarEndIntervalCCVs,
dsx3FarEndIntervalUASs,
dsx3FarEndIntervalValidData,
dsx3FarEndTotalIndex,
dsx3FarEndTotalCESs,
dsx3FarEndTotalCSESs,
dsx3FarEndTotalCCVs,
dsx3FarEndTotalUASs }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing remote
configuration and statistics information
applicable to C-bit Parity and SYNTRAN DS3
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 49]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
interfaces."
::= { ds3Groups 3 }
ds3DeprecatedGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { dsx3IfIndex,
dsx3FracIndex,
dsx3FracNumber,
dsx3FracIfIndex }
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of obsolete objects that may be
implemented for backwards compatibility."
::= { ds3Groups 4 }
ds3NearEndOptionalConfigGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { dsx3LineStatusLastChange,
dsx3LineStatusChangeTrapEnable }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects that may be implemented
on DS3/E3 interfaces."
::= { ds3Groups 5 }
ds3NearEndOptionalTrapGroup NOTIFICATION-GROUP
NOTIFICATIONS { dsx3LineStatusChange }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of notifications that may be
implemented on DS3/E3 interfaces."
::= { ds3Groups 6 }
END
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 50]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
4. Appendix A - Use of dsx3IfIndex and dsx3LineIndex
This Appendix exists to document the previous use if dsx3IfIndex and
dsx3LineIndex and to clarify the relationship of dsx3LineIndex as
defined in rfc1407 with the dsx3LineIndex as defined in this
document.
The following shows the old and new definitions and the relationship:
[New Definition]: "This object should be made equal to ifIndex. The
next paragraph describes its previous usage. Making the object equal
to ifIndex allows proper use of ifStackTable.
[Old Definition]: "this object is the identifier of a DS3/E3
Interface on a managed device. If there is an ifEntry that is
directly associated with this and only this DS3/E3 interface, it
should have the same value as ifIndex. Otherwise, number the
dsx3LineIndices with an unique identifier following the rules of
choosing a number that is greater than ifNumber and numbering the
inside interfaces (e.g., equipment side) with even numbers and
outside interfaces (e.g, network side) with odd numbers."
When the "Old Definition" was created, my understanding was that it
was described this way to allow a manager to treat the value _as if_
it were and ifIndex, i.e. the value would either be: 1) an ifIndex
value or 2) a value that was guaranteed to be different from all
valid ifIndex values.
The new definition is a subset of that definition, i.e. the value is
always an ifIndex value.
The following is Section 3.1 from rfc1407:
Different physical configurations for the support of SNMP with DS3/E3
equipment exist. To accommodate these scenarios, two different
indices for DS3/E3 interfaces are introduced in this MIB. These
indices are dsx3IfIndex and dsx3LineIndex.
External interface scenario: the SNMP Agent represents all managed
DS3/E3 lines as external interfaces (for example, an Agent residing
on the device supporting DS3/E3 interfaces directly):
For this scenario, all interfaces are assigned an integer value equal
to ifIndex, and the following applies:
ifIndex=dsx3IfIndex=dsx3LineIndex for all interfaces.
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 51]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
The dsx3IfIndex column of the DS3/E3 Configuration table relates each
DS3/E3 interface to its corresponding interface (ifIndex) in the
Internet-standard MIB (MIB-II STD 17, RFC1213).
External&Internal interface scenario: the SNMP Agents resides on an
host external from the device supporting DS3/E3 interfaces (e.g., a
router). The Agent represents both the host and the DS3/E3 device.
The index dsx3LineIndex is used to not only represent the DS3/E3
interfaces external from the host/DS3/E3-device combination, but also
the DS3/E3 interfaces connecting the host and the DS3/E3 device. The
index dsx3IfIndex is always equal to ifIndex.
Example:
A shelf full of CSUs connected to a Router. An SNMP Agent residing on
the router proxies for itself and the CSU. The router has also an
Ethernet interface:
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#A | ds3 C-bit Parity
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#B | ds3 C-bit Parity
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | |
|e | | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#C | ds3 C-bit Parity
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#D | ds3 C-bit Parity
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 52]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
The assignment of the index values could for example be:
ifIndex (= dsx3IfIndex) dsx3LineIndex
1 NA NA (Ethernet)
2 Line#A Router Side 6
2 Line#A Network Side 7
3 Line#B Router Side 8
3 Line#B Network Side 9
4 Line#C Router Side 10
4 Line#C Network Side 11
5 Line#D Router Side 12
5 Line#D Network Side 13
For this example, ifNumber is equal to 5. Note the following
description of dsx3LineIndex: the dsx3LineIndex identifies a DS3/E3
Interface on a managed device. If there is an ifEntry that is
directly associated with this and only this DS3/E3 interface, it
should have the same value as ifIndex. Otherwise, number the
dsx3LineIndices with an unique identifier following the rules of
choosing a number greater than ifNumber and numbering inside
interfaces (e.g., equipment side) with even numbers and outside
interfaces (e.g, network side) with odd numbers.
If the CSU shelf is managed by itself by a local SNMP Agent, the
situation would be:
ifIndex (= dsx3IfIndex) dsx3LineIndex
1 Line#A Network Side 1
2 Line#A RouterSide 2
3 Line#B Network Side 3
4 Line#B RouterSide 4
5 Line#C Network Side 5
6 Line#C Router Side 6
7 Line#D Network Side 7
8 Line#D Router Side 8
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 53]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
5. Appendix B - The delay approach to Unavialable Seconds.
This procedure is illustrated below for a DS3 C-Bit parity
application. Similar rules would apply for other interfaces covered
by this MIB. The procedure guarantees that the statistical counters
are correctly updated at all times, although they lag real time by 10
seconds. At the end of each 15 minutes interval the current interval
counts are transferred to the most recent interval entry and each
interval is shifted up by one position, with the oldest being
discarded if necessary in order to make room. The current interval
counts then start over from zero. Note, however, that the signal
state calculation does not start afresh at each interval boundary;
rather, signal state information is retained across interval
boundaries.
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| READ COUNTERS & STATUS INFO FROM HARDWARE |
| |
|BPV EXZ LOS PCV CCV AIS SEF OOF LOF FEBE RAI |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
V V V V V V V V V V V
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| ACCUM ONE-SEC STATS, CHK ERR THRESHOLDS, & UPDT SIGNAL STATE |
| |
|<------------- NEAR END ---------------->| |<---- FAR END ----->|
| |
|LCV LES PCV CCV PES CES PSES CSES SEFS A/U CCV CES CSES SEFS A/U|
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
V V V V V V V V V | V V V V |
+--------------------------------------+ | +-----------------+ |
| ONE-SEC DELAY | | | ONE-SEC DELAY | |
| (1 OF 10) | | | (1 OF 10) | |
+--------------------------------------+ | +-----------------+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
V V V V V V V V V | V V V V |
+--------------------------------------+ | +-----------------+ |
| ONE-SEC DELAY | | | ONE-SEC DELAY | |
| (10 OF 10) | | | (10 OF 10) | |
+--------------------------------------+ | +-----------------+ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 54]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| UPDATE STATISTICS COUNTERS |
| |
|<------------- NEAR END ---------------->| |<---- FAR END ----->|
| |
|LCV LES PCV CCV PES CES PSES CSES SEFS UAS CCV CES CSES SEFS UAS|
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
Note that if such a procedure is adopted there is no current interval
data for the first ten seconds after a system comes up.
noSuchInstance must be returned if a management station attempts to
access the current interval counters during this time.
It is an implementation-specific matter whether an agent assumes that
the initial state of the interface is available or unavailable.
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 55]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
6. Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the
IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of
claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive
Director.
7. Acknowledgments
This document was produced by the Trunk MIB Working Group
8. References
[1] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for
Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", RFC 2271, January 1998.
[2] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of
Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, RFC
1155, May 1990.
[3] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16,
RFC 1212, March 1991.
[4] Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the
SNMP", RFC 1215, March 1991.
[5] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure
of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1902, January 1996.
[6] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual
Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1903, January 1996.
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 56]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
[7] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser,
"Conformance Statements for Version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1904, January 1996.
[8] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M. and J. Davin, "Simple
Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, May 1990.
[9] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser,
"Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", RFC 1901, January
1996.
[10] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Transport
Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
[11] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R. and B. Wijnen, "Message
Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2272, January 1998.
[12] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model (USM)
for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv3)", RFC 2274, January 1998.
[13] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol
Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
[14] Levi, D., Meyer, P. and B. Stewart, "SNMPv3 Applications", RFC
2273, January 1998.
[15] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R. and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access
Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)", RFC 2275, January 1998.
[16] McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group MIB
using SMIv2", RFC 2233, November 1997.
[17] Fowler D., "Definitions of Managed Objects for the DS1 and E1
Interface Types", RFC 2495, January 1999.
[18] Brown, T., and Tesink, K., "Definitions of Managed Objects for
the SONET/SDH Interface Type", Work in Progress.
[19] American National Standard for telecommunications - digital
hierarchy - electrical interfaces, ANSI T1.102- 1987.
[20] American National Standard for telecommunications - digital
hierarchy - formats specification, ANSI T1.107- 1988.
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 57]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
[20a]ANSI T1.107a-1990.
[21] American National Standard for telecommunications - Carrier-to-
Customer Installation - DS3 Metallic Interface, ANSI T1.404-
1989.
[22] American National Standard for Telecommunications -- Layer 1 In-
Service Digital Transmission Performance Monitoring T1.231, Sept
1993.
[23] CCITT - Digital Multiplex Equipment Operating at the Third Order
Bit Rate of 34 368 Kbit/s and the Forth Order Bit Rate of 139
264 Kbit/s and Using Positive Justification, G.751
[24] European Telecommunications Standards Institute -- ETS "34M" --
Metropolitan Area Network Physical Convergence Layer Procedure
for 34.368 Megabits per Second, T/NA(91)18, May 1991.
[25] Fowler, D., "Definitions of Managed Objects for the Ds0 and
DS0Bundle Interface Types", RFC 2494, January 1999.
[26] Tesink, K., "Textual Conventions for MIB Modules Using
Performance History Based on 15 Minute Intervals", RFC 2493,
January 1999.
9. Security Considerations
SNMPv1 by itself is such an insecure environment. Even if the
network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), even then,
there is no control as to who on the secure network is allowed to
access and GET (read) the objects in this MIB.
It is recommended that the implementors consider the security
features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use
of the User-based Security Model RFC 2274 [12] and the View-based
Access Control Model RFC 2275 [15] is recommended.
It is then a customer/user responsibility to ensure that the SNMP
entity giving access to an instance of this MIB, is properly
configured to give access to those objects only to those principals
(users) that have legitimate rights to access them.
Setting any of the following objects to an inappropriate value can
cause loss of traffic. The definition of inappropriate varies for
each object. In the case of dsx3LineType, for example, both ends of
a ds3/e3 must have the same value in order for traffic to flow. In
the case of dsx3SendCode and dsx3LoopbackConfig, for another example,
traffic may stop transmitting when particular loopbacks are applied.
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 58]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
dsx3LineType
dsx3LineCoding
dsx3SendCode
dsx3LoopbackConfig
dsx3TransmitClockSource
dsx3LineLength
dsx3Channelization
Setting the following object is mischevious, but not harmful to
traffic
dsx3CircuitIdentifier
Setting the following object can cause an increase in the number of
traps received by the network management station.
dsx3LineStatusChangeTrabEnable
10. Author's Address
David Fowler
Newbridge Networks
600 March Road
Kanata, Ontario, Canada K2K 2E6
Phone: (613) 599-3600, ext 6559
EMail:
[email protected]
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 59]
RFC 2496 DS3/E3 MIB January 1999
11. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Fowler, Ed. Standards Track [Page 60]
