1$0$3.141592654$13$2$.5$2$.5$1000$2$2$1.4$4$2$2.5$.1$3.5$.25$4$2$2$.75$4$1.5$1.4$83$100$10$4$4$1.5$2$.5$100$4$1000000$4$2$1000$6.283185307$.5$12.56637061$2$2$2$2$2$2$3.14159$100$100$.09$.14$.22$.312$12$.081$13$.072$14$.064$15$.057$16$.051$17$.045$18$.040$19$.036$20$.32$21$.0285$22$.0253$23$.0226$24$.0201$25$.0179$26$.0159$27$.0142$28$.0126$29$.0113$30$.01$31$.0089$32$.008$33$.0071$34$.0063$35$.0056$36$.005$37$.0045$38$.004$39$.0035$40$.0031$12$40$40$4$4$4$18$2$40$4$4$4$18$2$10$10$100$100$492$.05$2$492$30$.95$150$.97$149.9$.98$118$148$.1264$2$.1593$3$.2009$4$.2533$5$.3195$6$.4028$7$.5080$8$.6405$9$.8077$10$1.018$11$1.284$12$1.619$13$2.042$14$2.575$15$3.247$16$4.094$17$5.163$18$6.51$19$8.21$20$10.35$21$13.05$22$16.46$23$20.76$24$26.17$25$33$26$41.62$27$52.48$28$66.17$29$83.44$30$105.2$31$132.7$32$167.3$33$211$34$266$35$335$36$423$37$533$38$672.6$39$848.1$40$1069$3$1.6$4$4.4$1.8$1.4$5.68$12.8$5.1$4$.94$11$6.7$3.4$1000$1000$.1264$.1593$2$.2009$3$.2533$4$.3195$5$.4028$6$.5080$7$.6405$8$.8077$9$1.018$10$1.284$11$1.619$12$2.042$13$2.575$14$3.247$15$4.094$16$5.163$17$6.51$18$8.21$19$10.35$20$13.05$21$16.46$22$20.76$23$26.17$24$33$25$41.62$26$52.48$27$66.17$28$83.44$29$105.2$30$132.7$31$167.3$32$211$33$266$34$335$35$423$36$533$37$672.6$38$848.1$39$1069$40$1000$1000$3$5.5$5$24$8.7$3$8$11.7$9$18$*8� ) *** ELECTRICAL ENGENEERING & DESIGN *** $4 J. Schrabal, April 1979 $44 File cleaned up of typos and put somewhat of a structure $4 in it: 8/25/82 by S. Kluger $44� . To select one of the programs just type it's number $4 and hit 'RETURN' key. Enter all alphabetic answers in UPPER CASE! $44 Select from the following routines (0 to quit) : $4 1. Ohm's law (DC) $4 2. Zener stabilized DC supply $4 3. DC power supply design $4 4. Low pass 2-pole Butterworth filter $4 5. Series resonant frequency circuit $4 6. Passive band-pass filter $4 7. Small coil design & inductance calculations $4 8. Long wire antenna $4 9. Dipole or half wave antenna $4 10. Time constant calculation $4 11. Resistance of wire $4 12. Crystal (rec./tr.) frequency calculations $44 What routine do you wish to select $4;�"'�. �. 7�6��. 7�68� Please answer with number fom 0 to 12 $46A�[� \96�6�6 L6�6o6�6 �6'q6),6+�6-_65f4 *** OHM's LAW (DC) *** $44 ENTER values for 2 (two) known $4 ENTER 0 (zero) for unknown values to be calculated $44 Potential in volts $4;�"' Current flow in amperes $4;�"'�. �. 7�6v Resistance in ohms $4;�"'�. �. �. 7�6��. �. �. 76� Power in watts $4;�"'�. �. �. 7B6��. �. �. 7\6��. �. �. 7v6ɀ��6����6�������6݀����. �6݀�����6݀��. ���4 Potential = $�# volts $4 Current flow = $�# amperes $4 Resistance = $�# ohms $4 Power = $�# watts $44 MORE CALCULATIONS? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7�66�6A4 *** ZENER STABILIZED CIRCUIT DESIGN *** $44 Voltage rating of zener diode $4;�"' Wattage rating of zener diode $4;�"' Maximum DC voltage of power supply $4;� "'�� �. ����. For an open circuit, or for load up to $�. # miliamperes $4 Use $�# ohms $�# watt resistor $44 Will the load (device) you use have larger than $�# watts consumption? $4 (YES/NO) $4;�
1'�
NO 7%6 What is the maximum wattage of the device you use: $4;� "'� � �. �.
� Use $� # ohms $�� # watts resistor $4 WARNING: Zener diode will probably burn out if the load $4 should be removed and circuit left open. $44 More calculations? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7 I6�6 L6A *** POWER SUPPLY DESIGN *** $44 What is LINE AC voltage supplied by utility $4;�"' What is transformer's primary rating (or tap) $4;� "' What is RMS voltage of secondary winding $4;� "'�
� �� ��
. ���. What is the needed (desired) DC voltage $4;�"'� .
�7
t6�� 7
6 What is the voltage rating of REGULATORS $4 used with the power supply $4;�"'�. �. �7
�6j�. �. �7
6� Presuming that you use full wave, will the rectifying bridge $4 consist of four (4) or two (2) diodes (as in centertap sec) $4;�"'�. �.
7 �6 �4 Answer whether 2 or 4 diodes will be used $446
�. 7 �. �. 7 ��. ��
�. ��� What is the load to be used in amperes? (if unknown type 0) $4;�"'�. 7 Z6?��. �. ���. 4 Line = $�# volts AC (max).Transformer primary (tap) = $� # volts AC $4 Secondary = $�
# volts RMS. Peak sec.voltage = $�#4 For desired $�# volts DC use rectifying bridge of $�#4 diodes rated at $�# volts (minimum) and $. �# amps (min.) $4 Filter capacitor should be rated $�# microfarads (minimum) $4 and $�# volts DC (min).Permissible ripple = $�# volts $44 NOTE:Use ohm-law to calculate bleeder-resistor. $4 More calculation for another secondary (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7u6 � More calculation for another transformer (or tap) $4;�1'� YES 7�6 �6�6A Your secondary winding has overly high rating for this $4 power requirement $446 � Your secondary winding has low voltage rating for this $4 power requirement $446 � Power supply DC voltage must be more than 2.5 volts higher $4 than voltage of REGULATOR. $446
4 Your supply voltage is overly high and will cause the regulator $4 to overheat. Reduce your voltage to $�. # volts $4 One way to do this is to insert series of diodes with rating $4 which will be printed below, each such diode reducing the $4 supply DC voltage by .7 volts (two diodes reduce 1.4 v) $4 Then add this voltage to regulators when answering Q. $446
4 How many TAB-type regulators will be used $4;�"' K-type regulators $4;�"' Any other load (in ampers) $4;�"'���. � 6 Z *** LOW PASS FILTER *** $4 This program is based on OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS DESIGNS $4 & APPLICATIONS by Graeme & Tobey, McGraw, 1971. $44 Cut off frequency (in Hertz) $4;�"' Desired pass-band gain (H) $4;�"' Peaking factor: 0(zero) for standard 2-pole Butterworth $4 (alpha) value for non-standard filter $4;�"'�. 7.�. . ��. !7=6d Value of C2 in mF (microFarads) $4 Note: 0.02 mF = 0.000 000 02 F $4;� "'��. "� �� . #4 .---------. C1 = $. $. � � �. %#4 X : C2 = $� #4 X R2 = C2 R1 = $��#4 X : R2 = $�#4 R1 : R3 : - o R3 = $��. #4 --XXXXXX--:--XXXXXX-:---o o $4 : o o $4 E-in : o o--------------- $4 = C1 + o o $4 : ---o o $4 : : o E-out $4 : : $4 ----------:----------:-------------------------- $4 Another gain/alpha ratio? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7!6� Another filter configuration (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7a6_6d6A Because operational amplifiers are non-ideal, pass- $4 band gain should be chosen to be less than 10 when peaking $4 factor Alpha = 0-1 $4 Gain of 100 with peaking factor=1 is acceptable for $4 for peaking gain 80 dB in 2-pole Batterworth config- $4 uration. $446�4 *** SERIES RESONANT FREQUENCY CIRCUITS *** $44 Inductance in MH (Milli-Henrys) $4;�"' Capacitance in NF (Nano-Farads) $4;� "'4 Series L/C resonant frequency is $. &. '�� . (# KHz (Kilo Hertz) $4 Note: this frequency is not affected by resistance in the circuit $44 More calculations? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7�6�6A4 *** PASSIVE BANDPASS FILTER DESIGN *** $44 This program is based on ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & $4 CIRCUITS DESIGN by Skilling, Willey, 1961. $4 It will calculate ideal component values for the $4 T-section and PI-Section filters, given F1, F2,and R $44 What is F1, low cut-off frequency (in Hertz) $4;�"' What is F2, high cut-off frequency (in Hertz) $4;�"'��7C6 d What is R, image impedance in mid-frequency (in ohms) $4;�"'�. 7�6 ��. 7�6 ��. 7�6 �� ���. )���� If you want T-section type 'T' $4;�1'� T 7�6 �4 2Ca= $� ��. *#5 Cb= $. ��#5 R= $�#4 La/2= $��. +#5 Lb= $�� �#44 2Ca La/2 La/2 2Ca $4 o----!!----mmmmmmm---:-----:---mmmmmmm---!!-..... $4 : : : $4 : m X $4 Cb = m Lb R X $4 : m X $4 : : : $4 o--------------------:-----:----------------....: $44 If you want PI-section type 'P' $4;�1'� P 7 &6 �4 La= $��#5 2Lb= $. ,�� �#5 R= $�#4 Ca= $� ��#5 Cb/2= $. ��. -#44 La Ca $4 o-------:----:-mmmmmmm----!!-----:----:..........: $4 : : : : : $4 m : : m X $4 2Lb m = Cb/2 Cb/2 = m 2Lb R X $4 m : : m X $4 : : : : : $4 o-------:----:-------------------:----:..........: $44 Another passive filter calculation (YES/NO) $4;�
1'�
YES 7 a6�6 d6A High cut-off frequency must be higher than low- $4 cut-off frequency $46� This value must be larger than 0 (zero) $46� Answer 'P' or 'T' only $46� *** SMALL COIL DESIGN *** $44 Program limitations: $4 Inductance = 100 microhenries MAXIMUM $4 Wire size = 12 size MAXIMUM $4 40 gage MINIMUM $4 (resistors used as form must be of composite type) $44 PROGRAMS: $4 1. INDUCTANCE $4 2. INDUCTIVE REACTANCE $44 WHICH ONE OF THE TWO PROGRAMS ABOVE YOU WANT COMPUTED $4;�"'�. 7!�6"q�. .7!�6 ��. 7!�6 � WHAT IS THE DESIRED INDUCTIVE REACTANCE IN OHMS $4;�"' AT WHAT FREQUENCY IN MHZ $4;�"'��. /. 0� INDUCTANCE = $�# MICROHENRIES $4�. 17"<6"� Program limitation is 100 microhenries MAXIMUM $46 � What is the desired coil inductance in microhenries $4;�"'�. 27"�6"< Coil forms: $4 A = 1/4 WATT RESISTOR $4 B = 1/2 WATT RESISTOR $4 C = 1 WATT RESISTOR $4 D = 2 WATT RESISTOR $4 E = OTHER FORM $4 SELECT COIL FORM FROM ABOVE (A,B,C,D,E) $4;� 1'� A 7#��
. 3� B 7#��
. 4� C 7#��
. 5� D 7#��
. 6� E 7#�6#�6#�6#� What is the diameter of the coil in inches $4;�
"' What gage enameled wire will be used: $4 (gage 12 to 40) $4;�"'�. 77$_�. 8�. 97$n�. :�. ;7$}�. <�. =7$��. >�. ?7$��. @�. A7$��. B�. C7$��. D�. E7$Ȁ. F�. G7$׀. H�. I7$�. J�. K7$��. L�. M7%�. N�. O7%�. P�. Q7%"�. R�. S7%1�. T�. U7%@�. V�. W7%O�. X�. Y7%^�. Z�. [7%m�. \�. ]7%|�. ^�. _7%��. `�. a7%��. b�. c7%��. d�. e7%��. f�. g7%ǀ. h�. i7%ր. j�. k7%�. l�. m7%�. n�. o7&�. p�. q�. r
7&6#�� . s��. t��. u��. v�
�
�
. w� I . x�
�
� . y��. z��. {��. |�
�
�
. }� I. ~�
�
� � 7&�� � 6&�� � � � . B. �4 Wire size = $�# gage $4 Coil diameter = $�
# inches $4 Number of turns = $� #4 Coil length = $� �. �B. �# inches $4 More calculations? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7'n6 �6'q6A4 *** LONG WIRE ANTENNA *** $44 When an antenna is more than half wavelength long $4 it is called 'long wire' or 'harmonic' antenna. $44 What frequency in MHz (Mega Hertz) $4;�"' How many half-waves long $4;� "'�. �� . �� Length = $�# Feet $4 Note: If this antenna is fed in exact center at $�. �# ft. $4 no unbalance will occur on any harmonic frequency. $44 More calculations? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7))6(6A4 *** DIPOLE OR HALF WAVE ANTENNA *** $44 Frequency in MHz (Mega Hertz) $4;�"'�. ��4 Actual half-wave lenght is $�# feet $4�. �7)Ȁ�. ��. �7)ڀ�. ��. �7)��. � Lenght corrected to free space factor and to capacitance $4 of insulators is $�# feet $44� . ���. �� <---------- $�# ft--------> $4 <- $� # ft-> $4 o----------o-------o----------o $4 o o ^ $4 o o E = $�# ft $4 o=o <- 600 ohms line 3.75 in spaced #16 wire $4 o o 5 in spaced #14 wire $4 o o 6 in spaced #12 wire $44 More calculations (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7+�6)[6A4 *** TIME CONSTANT CALCULATIONS *** $44 NOTE: If you wish to substitute Farads by MICROfarads then you $4 must use resistance in MEGohms in order to get result $4 in seconds. $4 What is the resistance in ohms $4;�"' What is the capacitance in farads $4;� "' Time constant = $�� # seconds $4 More calculations? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 7-\6, 6-_6A4 *** RESISTANCE OF WIRE *** $44 What is the desired resistance in ohms $4;�"' What A.W.G.(B&S) size wire NO. is available? $4 (if unknown, enter '0') $4;� "'� . 7.+62)� . 7.:�!. �� . �7.I�!. �� . �7.X�!. �� . �7.g�!. �� . �7.v�!. �� . �7.��!. �� . �7.��!. �� . �7.��!. �� . �7.��!. �� . �7.��!. �� . �7.Ѐ!. �� . �7.߀!. �� . �7.�!. �� . �7.��!. �� . �7/ �!. �� . �7/�!. �� . �7/*�!. �� . �7/9�!. �� . �7/H�!. �� . �7/W�!. �� . �7/f�!. �� . �7/u�!. �� . �7/��!. �� . �7/��!. �� . �7/��!. �� . �7/��!. �� . �7/��!. �� . �7/π!. �� . �7/ހ!. �� . �7/�!. �� . �7/��!. �� . �70 �!. �� . �70�!. �� . �70)�!. �� . �708�!. �� . �70G�!. �� . �70V�!. �� . �70e�!. �� . �70t�!. �� . �70��!. � Of what MATERIAL is the wire $4;�"1'�#�". �S�$�!�# COP 70ˀ!�!. �# ALU 70߀!�!. ��# BRA 70�!�!. ��# CAD 71�!�!. ��# CHR 71�!�!. ��# GOL 71/�!�!. ��# IRO 71C�!�!. ��# LEA 71W�!�!. ��# NIC 71k�!�!. ��# BRO 71�!�!. ��# SIL 71��!�!. ��# STE 71��!�!. ��# TIN 71��!�!. ��# ZIN 71π!�!. ��!�$�# COP 71�60��. ��! For $�# ohms use $�# feet of No. $� #�"$ wire $465- What is distance in feet $4;�
"'�%�. ��
�%. �72f�. �%. �72u�. ��%. �72��. ��%. �72��. ��%. �72��. ��%. �72��. ��%. �72��. ��%. �72π. ��%. �72ހ. ��%. �72�. �%.72��.�%.73 �.�%.73�.�%.73)�.�%. 738�.
�%. 73G�. �%.
73V�.�%.73e�.�%.73t�.�%.73��.�%.73��.�%.73��.�%.73��.�%.73��. �%. 73. �%. 73݀. �%.!73�."�%.#73��.$�%.%74
�.&�%.'74�.(�%.)74(�.*�%.+747�.,�%.-74F�..�%./74U�.0�%.174d�.2�%.374s�.4�%.574��.6�%.774��.8�%.974��.:�%.;74��.< The smallest copper wire for $�# ohms at distance of $�
# feet $4 that can be safely used is No. $�# A.W.G.(B&S) $4 More calculations? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 75c6-�65f6A4 ***RECEIVING & TRANSMITTING CRYSTAL CALCULATIONS*** $44 What is the receiving frequency? (in MHz) $4;�"' What is the transmitting frequency? (in MHz) $4;�"'67� What is 1st IF freq.(in MHz) of rec. $4;�"' What is RECEIVING crystal divider $4;�&"' What is TRANSMITTING crystal multiplier $4;�'"'4 For receiving on $�# MHz (with $�# MHz IF) & $�&# divider $4 ORDER $���&.=# KHz receiving crystal $4 For transmitting on $�# MHz (tranmit multiplier= $�'# ) $4 ORDER $��'.># KHz transmitting crystal $44 More crystal freq. calculations? (YES/NO) $4;�1'� YES 77�65�67�6A What make and model transceiver? $4 STANDARD 146A - MOTOROLA 80D - VOICECOMMANDER $4;�(1'�(�(.?S�( STA 78768z�( MOT 78W�.@�&.A�'.B66��( VOI 78w�.C�&.D�'.E66�66�.F�&.G�'.H66�MANDER $4;�(1'�(�(.?S�( STA 78768z�( MOT 78W�.@�&.A�'.B66��( VOI
