TidBITS#476/12-Apr-99
=====================

 Some software is just hard to pin down. UserLand Software's
 Frontier 6 defies easy classification: is it a scripting
 architecture, a Web server, or a hybrid database application? This
 week, Matt Neuburg explains what Frontier is and why version 6 is
 worth examining. Also this week, Jeff Hecht bemoans the sad state
 of fax software, and we note releases of Suitcase 8, Acrobat 4.0,
 StuffIt Expander and DropStuff updates, and a stock tool for
 Excel.

Topics:
   MailBITS/12-Apr-99
   FAXstf Pro Echoes Sad State of Fax Software
   Frontier Demystified

<http://www.tidbits.com/tb-issues/TidBITS-476.html>
<ftp://ftp.tidbits.com/pub/tidbits/issues/1999/TidBITS#476_12-Apr-99.etx>

Copyright 1999 TidBITS Electronic Publishing. All rights reserved.
  Information: <[email protected]> Comments: <[email protected]>
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This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:
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MailBITS/12-Apr-99
------------------

**Extensis Unpacks New Suitcase 8** -- After resurrecting Suitcase
 from Symantec's Macintosh product graveyard (see "Extensis
 Rescuing Suitcase" in TidBITS-466_), Extensis announced today that
 a new version of the venerable font control utility is now
 available via Extensis's Web site. Suitcase 8 features
 compatibility with System 7.5.5 and higher, plus improved font
 selection and set management. Additional baggage in the Suitcase
 family include Suitcase FontAgent, which offers font file
 diagnosis and troubleshooting features, and Suitcase 8 XT, a
 QuarkXPress XTension for automatically activating fonts when
 opening XPress documents. Suitcase 8 costs $90 for new owners in
 the U.S. ($100 for the International English version), $40 for
 those upgrading from previous Suitcase versions, or $50 for users
 of other font management utilities. You can download Suitcase 8 as
 a free 30-day demo (3.1 MB); a serial number can be purchased at
 the Extensis Online Store, though Suitcase was not listed at press
 time. Packaged versions will begin shipping 21-Apr-99. [JLC]

<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05266>
<http://www.extensis.com/suitcase/>


**Acrobat 4.0 Released with Limited Mac Support** -- Adobe today
 announced the release of Acrobat 4.0, which boasts improved
 collaboration and Web features using Portable Document Format
 (PDF) files. The new version, in addition to being able to convert
 any document into a PDF, also creates forms whose data can be
 returned via the Web. Shared files can be marked up with text-
 annotation tools and handwritten strokes, as well as sticky notes.
 As we mentioned in "Adobe Announces InDesign, Acrobat 4.0" in
 TidBITS-470_, Acrobat 4.0 for the Macintosh doesn't support
 current Windows-only features such as secure digital signatures,
 integration with Microsoft Office, and converting Web sites to
 PDF; these are expected to be available later this year. One
 welcome addition not mentioned in Adobe's press materials is that
 Acrobat finally supports many of Adobe's long-standing keyboard
 shortcuts, such as Command-spacebar to activate the Zoom tool.
 It's a small touch, but worthwhile for those of us who try to cut
 down on trips to the mouse. Acrobat 4.0 for Windows or Macintosh
 costs $249 for the full product, or $99 if you're upgrading from a
 previous version. Acrobat Reader 4.0, a 3.9 MB download, is
 available for free. [JLC]

<http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/main.html>
<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05302>
<http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html>


**StuffIt Expander & DropStuff 5.1.2** -- Aladdin Systems has
 released version 5.1.2 of both its freeware StuffIt Expander and
 shareware DropStuff compression utilities. StuffIt Expander 5.1.2
 fixes problems decoding Zip files encoded in MacBinary format and
 enables users to launch StuffIt Expander by double-clicking a
 StuffIt archive. DropStuff 5.1.2 fixes a bug in the StuffIt Engine
 and PowerPC-only StuffIt Engine PowerPlug that would cause StuffIt
 Expander to report errors processing MacBinary-encoded StuffIt 3.x
 or 4.x archives. StuffIt Expander is free and a 700K download;
 DropStuff is $30 shareware and a 1.2 MB download. [GD]

<http://www.aladdinsys.com/expander/>
<http://www.aladdinsys.com/dropstuff/>


**Free Stock Tool for Excel Users** -- Jonathan Jackel
 <[email protected]> wrote after reading our article on MacTicker
 in TidBITS-471_ to let us know that he offers a free stock quote
 tool for Excel called Reval at his "Backtesting Page" Web site.
 (The site offers several software tools and online references of
 use to investors.) Reval works with Excel 98 for Macintosh or
 Excel 97 for Windows. Like the $25 MacTicker, Reval queries free
 online stock quote services. For users who own Excel 98 and tend
 to have it open anyway, this may be a good alternative to
 MacTicker. Unlike the online stock Web pages themselves, Reval
 doesn't give other companies information about what stocks (and
 how much of them) you own. [MHA]

<http://www.geocities.com/WallStreet/District/2148/backfunc2.html>
<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05313>


FAXstf Pro Echoes Sad State of Fax Software
-------------------------------------------
 by Jeff Hecht <[email protected]>

 Using a modem to send and receive faxes from your computer sounds
 like a great idea. You won't waste paper printing your documents
 in order to feed them into a fax machine. And since many faxes are
 as ephemeral as email, receiving them via fax modem and viewing
 them on screen is less resource intensive than reading faxes on
 paper, then recycling them. You can even send and receive faxes
 while travelling - few people want to lug a fax machine along on
 trips.

 Unfortunately, the benefits of using a fax modem fall flat when
 you encounter the software that's supposed to do the job. The
 prevalent mediocrity (or worse) of current fax software is
 probably a function of the marketplace: modem manufacturers feel
 the need to bundle software that offers fax functions, but since
 modems have tiny profit margins, they don't want to spend much.
 The result is that the "free" bundled software is often outdated
 or crippled (or both) and generally worth exactly what you've paid
 for it. STF Inc. had a bright idea in offering FAXstf Pro 5 as a
 full-functioned alternative to the often-abysmal bundled programs,
 but the reality leaves much to be desired for people like me who
 send and receive between 30 and 70 faxed pages per week.

<http://www.stfinc.com/>


**Ideas vs. Implementation** -- FAXstf Pro offers a full range of
 features for diverse faxing needs. Preferences allow you to select
 an outgoing dial prefix, such as a 9 to reach an outgoing line, or
 a 1010 dial-around for using a specific carrier for long distance
 calls. FAXstf Pro can dial a credit card number when you need to
 reach a remote machine on the road. The program can store multiple
 preference sets, valuable if you travel or work for multiple
 clients. You can set up many different fax cover sheets, helpful
 if you work on several projects or just want to express various
 moods.

 Inevitably, however, some of FAXstf's many features are useless to
 any individual user, and others are poorly documented. I had to
 call STF to figure out how to use a 1010 dial-around code, and the
 box provided isn't large enough to show all the digits. Likewise,
 the credit card procedure is difficult to master, although
 telephone carriers share the blame for cumbersome and inconsistent
 procedures.

 Some good ideas are not fully implemented. "Smart dialing" knows
 enough to drop the area code when you tell it you're calling from
 within the same area code. However, it doesn't know to turn off a
 1010 long-distance dial-around setting for local calls, nor does
 it have an option to deal with the many metropolitan areas with
 new overlay area codes that require 10-digit dialling for local
 numbers.

 For international faxing, you identify the country you're calling
 from in the preferences, and pick the destination country for each
 fax address. (The United States appears to be the default in both
 cases.) By providing a scroll-down list of countries, FAXstf saves
 you the annoyance of looking up country codes for unfamiliar
 nations. Unfortunately, there's no other way to enter country
 codes, and scrolling to the bottom of a long list every time you
 enter a phone number in the United Kingdom is a nuisance. If you
 fax overseas, be sure to get the version 5.0.3 updater from STF's
 Web site. The initial release of the software, version 5.0, did
 not save country codes properly, so it defaulted to the United
 States (or in one case I caught, Albania), forcing you to re-
 specify the country each time you called.

<http://www.stfinc.com/software.htm#pro>


**Plays Poorly with Others** -- Other bugs in FAXstf Pro 5.0 also
 betray a rush to market, and left the software with a brittle
 feel. I had problems setting up the initial version, leading to a
 series of crashes, and had to reinstall it twice. Version 5.0.2
 could not print incoming faxes of 5 pages or more, a bug fixed in
 version 5.0.3.

 Most troubling are conflicts between FAXstf Pro and other
 software. Some applications are decidedly unhappy with the default
 placement of a Fax menu in the menu bar. Fax menus multiply in
 WordPerfect 3.5, but most software seems to work when the Fax menu
 is placed under the Apple menu. One exception is Nisus Writer 5,
 which dims the "Fax Front Document" command, apparently with good
 reason: trying to fax Nisus documents using the recommended
 combination of Command and Option keys froze my Power Mac.

 That's not the only deadly interaction between FAXstf Pro and
 other software. Install FAXstf Pro 5, and Highware's Personal
 Backup 1.1.2 to 1.2.3 crashes at startup, a problem confirmed by
 ASD Software, American distributor of Personal Backup.
 (Fortunately, another commercial backup program, Retrospect
 Express from Dantz Development, does not conflict with FAXstf
 Pro.) The nastiest problem occurred when faxing from Presto
 PageManager 2.31.0, which came with my UMAX Astra 610S scanner.
 The fax went through, and the Mac seemed to run normally
 afterwards, but it somehow damaged the resource fork of the Mac OS
 8.1 System file, so the Mac wouldn't boot until I replaced the
 System file. To be fair, that old version of PageManager could be
 responsible. Nonetheless, STF was at best slow to acknowledge bug
 reports and still has not said anything about plans to fix the
 conflicts.

<http://www.highware.com/main-pbu.html>
<http://www.dantz.com/dantz_products/express.html>

 Despite these problems, conflicts between fax software and other
 programs are less prevalent than in the past, when almost any
 problem related to modem use could be traced directly to fax
 software. In the early days of the Internet, fax software was
 responsible for a vast number of the connection problems
 experienced by Macintosh users, in large part because fax software
 likes to take over the modem port while waiting patiently for a
 fax to arrive. Never mind that another program might want to use
 the modem port in the meantime. FAXstf Pro avoids that problem
 except with some older terminal emulators. It also seems better
 behaved under Mac OS 8.5.1 than under Mac OS 8.1, but that's a
 subjective judgement.


**Phone Home Alone** -- FAXstf Pro performs adequately once it's
 up and running. However, getting to that stage and figuring out
 the conflicts wasted far too much time, and it was disturbing to
 have to choose between scheduled backups and outgoing fax
 transmission. I would have trashed FAXstf long ago if I had any
 reasonable alternative - and there's the rub. There are no other
 options for general purpose faxing with a wide range of modems.
 The outdated version of Smith Micro's MacComCenter that came with
 my modem is useless; it doesn't even report if faxes go through. I
 didn't try updating to the new version because it seemed more
 oriented toward voice mail than faxing. Global Village's new
 version of its GlobalFax software works only with iMacs or G3s
 that have internal modems, leaving out a wide range of Mac OS
 computers (including mine). ValueFax, the one operative shareware
 program I found, was little improvement over the outdated version
 of MacComCenter. All the other fax programs I found run only on
 the modems with which they're bundled.

<http://www.smithmicro.com/products/macplus.htm>
<http://www.globalvillage.com/products/macsoftware.html>
<http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/comm/
value-fax-2013.hqx>

 Talking with other Mac users, I find I'm not alone in my
 discontent with the state of fax software: the best is pretty bad
 and the worst is useless. FAXstf Pro is a good idea, but needs
 much more work. Unfortunately, STF seems more interested in
 offering features like toll savers and fax broadcasting than in
 tracking down bugs and conflicts with other applications. Some
 solid competition would help, but fax software may suffer from a
 chicken-and-egg problem with attracting the necessary interest
 from developers. Since fax software has ranged over the years from
 unusable to mediocre, anyone who's serious about sending and
 receiving faxes needs a standalone fax machine. A fax machine is
 simpler and easier to use for sending documents already printed as
 loose sheets or that require signatures, and is always ready to
 receive incoming faxes. Coupling a scanner with a fax modem can
 avoid the need to photocopy bound documents for faxing - but my
 cumbersome scanner software limits faxing to one page at a time
 and requires awkward resetting of print options. Perhaps the users
 who benefit most from fax modem software are the junk faxers who
 send reams of identical outgoing faxes. Without pressure from the
 serious users, fax software developers seem not to have had
 incentive to create a product that could actually compete with a
 fax machine.

 Internet fax services such as eFax and CallWave offer free phone
 numbers for fax receiving, then
deliver faxes via email as TIFF
 images (which Mac users can view in a program like Thorsten
 Lemke's shareware GraphicConverter, with varying degrees of
 success). However, these services don't necessarily solve problems
 for typical fax modem users with dial-up Internet access, since
 TIFF files are big and slow to download, and you don't know
 there's a fax waiting until you check your email. Yet, these
 services may help discourage programmers from developing improved
 fax modem software.

<http://www.efax.com/>
<http://www.callwave.com/>
<http://www.lemkesoft.de>

 In the end, I fear that I'm stuck. I have little hope either that
 STF will fix the lingering problems in FAXstf or that any other
 company will invest the time and effort to produce a truly elegant
 fax program for use with fax modems.

 [Jeff Hecht is the author of Understanding Fiber Optics, 3rd
 Edition, published by Prentice Hall in November 1998. His book on
 the history of fiber optics, City of Light: The Story of Fiber
 Optics, is being published this month by Oxford University Press.]

<http://www.sff.net/people/Jeff.Hecht/>


Frontier Demystified
--------------------
 by Matt Neuburg <[email protected]>

 Frontier 6.0 has recently been released by UserLand Software,
 along with a series of press releases consisting of
 incomprehensible jargon cemented with gobbledygook. What on earth
 does it mean that Frontier is a "content management system," or
 that this upgrade adds "membership, preferences, per-user storage,
 discussion groups, searching, calendars, news sites, subscriptions
 and XML-based distributed computing"?

<http://www.userland.com/pressreleases/Frontier60.html>

 Possibly the poor overworked public-relations grunts at UserLand
 have forgotten what plain language is. Let me try to lend a hand.
 This isn't a review; it's just an attempt to explain the news.
 Frontier 6 is here: so what? What is it? To understand, it helps
 to know where Frontier has been; so let's start with a brief and
 totally unofficial history. (Big conflict-of-interest disclaimer:
 I wrote a book about Frontier.)

<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbser=1134>
<http://www.ora.com/catalog/frontier/>

 Frontier consists of three elements: a database, a lot of system-
 level verbs, and a scripting language. The database is a nest of
 table-like structures where you store and edit information of many
 different types, such as text, numbers, and even outlines. (If you
 don't know what an outline is, you haven't been reading TidBITS
 long enough; the folks who wrote Frontier also wrote MORE.)

<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=02542>
<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=02381>

 The system-level verbs let you do things like create a file, learn
 the time, and access the clipboard. The scripting language lets
 you run little programs, called scripts. Scripts live in the
 database; that's where you create and edit them. Furthermore,
 scripts can access and control the database. So you should imagine
 a Frontier script calling other scripts in the database, storing
 and retrieving information in the database, creating and deleting
 data structures in the database, fetching and writing information
 from files on disk, and so forth. For example, Frontier makes it
 easy to write a script that creates a table in the database
 listing all the different words in a text document, along with how
 many times each one occurs.

 One major purpose of Frontier, from the start, was to let you send
 messages to other applications, to tie their functionality
 together with your scripts. Unfortunately for UserLand, Apple
 Computer kept upstaging their act. First, Apple came out with
 System 7 and Apple events, so Frontier supported Apple events as
 its main way to drive or be driven by other applications. Then,
 Apple invented the Open Scripting Architecture and its own
 scripting language AppleScript, so Frontier supported those too.
 Apple insisted that scriptable applications should support the
 object model; Frontier implemented this brilliantly.

 But even though Frontier, with its incredibly cool and lightning-
 fast scripting language, plus the database, along with threading,
 debugging, and many other wonderful features, was arguably a
 vastly better scripting environment than AppleScript and Apple's
 clumsy Script Editor, it had a serious drawback: it was expensive,
 whereas AppleScript was essentially free. So in mid-1995, UserLand
 did an astonishing thing: they released Frontier for free, too.
 They also began to re-target Frontier, aiming it at the Web, in
 three ways:

* Automated Web site creation. A lot of what appears in Web pages
 is boilerplate, such as a set of links that appears at the top of
 every page; and a lot of it is calculable, such as a Next link
 that appears on every page, but is different for each page. So,
 the reasoning goes like this. A Web page is just a file; Frontier
 can make files. HTML is just text; Frontier's scripting language
 can assemble text. Frontier has a database to hold the pieces of a
 Web site; then the scripting language can access those pieces,
 assemble them, make all the necessary calculations, and spit them
 out as files. Presto, a Web site of 100 pages is as easy to
 maintain as a single page.

* CGI. A CGI is an application that can accept a message from a
 Web server, and, in response, can calculate a Web page and hand it
 back to the Web server. Because Frontier is multi-threaded (and
 because it can drive other applications with Apple events) it's a
 perfect CGI application: it can process Web forms, store and
 retrieve data through scriptable database and spreadsheet
 programs, drive a scriptable image program to make a GIF chart in
 real time, format it all into HTML and send it back through the
 Web server to your browser, with remarkable speed.

* TCP/IP communication. Many Internet protocols, like HTTP, are
 largely text too. So, let's say you've just created a Web page
 with Frontier, and now you want to upload it to your ISP, where it
 will be served onto the Web. You could use Frontier to drive a
 scriptable FTP client to upload the page; but why shouldn't
 Frontier just "talk" to your ISP's FTP server directly, and upload
 the page itself? Thanks to a helper program that interfaced with
 the Internet, Frontier could do just that. It could also talk to a
 mail server to send or receive email, communicate with a remote
 copy of Frontier across the Internet, and even act as a simple Web
 server!

 Bear in mind that, to a great extent, the mechanisms performing
 these feats were just scripts in the database. Thus, Frontier was
 still the good old database and scripting environment; but the
 database now included a huge number of scripts aimed at automating
 Web-oriented tasks. Evolution was then mostly just a process of
 refining and extending these scripts. This phase culminated in
 1997, with Frontier version 4.2.3, the best (I think) of the free
 versions, and the one my book was about.

 The year 1998, with its series of version 5 releases, was directed
 at making Frontier once again a money-making proposition. This
 meant that UserLand must resume charging for Frontier, which they
 now do. To increase its saleability, Frontier was made to run on
 Windows 95/98 and NT as well as the Mac. And it was raised to
 first-class TCP/IP citizenship, able to act as client or server
 with no helper application.

<http://www.userland.com/frontier/pricing.html>

 Over the course of the year, there took place a deliberate Grand
 Unification of the three Web prongs into a single whole, which
 makes perfect sense if you ask yourself some skeptical questions.
 Frontier can generate Web pages on demand: so why should it matter
 whether this demand comes from a user controlling the database by
 hand, or from a Web server? And why should it matter whether
 Frontier is sitting behind a Web server as a CGI application, or
 acting as a server itself? And why should it matter whether
 material for Web pages enters the database because a user types it
 in directly, or because Frontier receives it as an email, or as
 the content of a form submitted from a browser?

 It is this Grand Unification which chiefly characterizes Frontier
 6. Frontier is now a flexible, programmable milieu for
 constructing Web-based applications - what the press release calls
 a "content management system," where "content" means, roughly,
 "stuff that helps constitute a Web page." Frontier can receive
 this content in any of a variety of ways, such as email, Web
 forms, FTP uploads, cut-and-paste, interrogating other
 applications, and so forth; it can respond by processing this text
 as desired, perhaps feeding it into a Web form so someone can edit
 it remotely through a browser; it can ultimately produce,
 maintain, and even serve the resulting Web pages.

 Of course Frontier 6 is still also Frontier 1-through-5, so it
 includes many years' accumulation of scripts for making Web sites,
 constructing CGIs, communicating with other applications and
 across a network, and so forth. Additionally, this new version
 includes many new scripts implementing various aspects of a Web
 application; these are examples and starting-points, but they are
 also ready for use immediately.

 For example, you may wish to let various users access different
 sets of pages and data through passwords and cookies; a system is
 provided for doing this (referred to as "membership" in the press
 release). Or, you might want to run a Web-based bulletin board of
 messages threaded by topic, possibly so people can edit
 collaboratively (the "discussion groups" feature). Or, you might
 want your site to be searchable; Frontier 6 includes a
 customizable search engine ("searching") which indexes Web pages.
 Or, you might want a daily page of new updates, messages, and
 links, automatically archived and search-indexed each night (the
 "news sites" feature). Or, let's say you and I both have copies of
 part of the database, whose contents must be synchronized; you
 just choose the Update menu item, and presto, whatever has changed
 in my copy is downloaded across the network and incorporated into
 your copy ("subscriptions"). And, intriguingly, the sending of
 commands and data across the network is done with XML, which is
 just machine-coded, machine-parsable text; so an application from
 a completely different conceptual world, such as Perl or Java,
 could exchange information with Frontier as easily as another copy
 of Frontier can ("XML-based distributed computing").

 So, what exactly does Frontier 6 do? It's easier to say what it
 _is_ than what it _does_: it's a completely programmable Internet
 client/server application that makes Web pages and stores
 information, along with features for sharing and controlling that
 information.

 As for what it does, properly speaking Frontier does nothing per
 se. Like any programming language or your computer itself, both do
 whatever you program them to do. Frontier is open for you to
 combine and customize and create scripts that give Frontier
 whatever Web-based application functionality suits your needs. For
 more information, see UserLand's Web site.

<http://frontier.userland.com/tree$1.2>


$$

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