TidBITS#447/21-Sep-98
=====================
Curious about bandwidth? This week Adam looks at The Race for
Bandwidth, a new book he edited for the late Cary Lu. Those
installing Ethernet networks should read on for useful details and
resources to add to last week's Ethernet primer. News this week
includes a Macintosh mailing list database, USB devices from
Keyspan, and Aladdin's Desktop Magician, plus upgrades for
FileMaker 4.1, Web Confidential 1.0.2, Virtual PC 2.1.1, and
Norton Utilities 4.0.
Topics:
MailBITS/21-Sep-98
More Ethernet Network Details
The Race for Bandwidth
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Copyright 1998 TidBITS Electronic Publishing. All rights reserved.
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MailBITS/21-Sep-98
------------------
**FileMaker Pro 4.1 Does ODBC for a Price** -- FileMaker, Inc. has
shipped FileMaker Pro 4.1 for Macintosh and Windows, the latest
version of its flagship database product. The most important new
feature in version 4.1 is the capability to import information
from industry standard ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) data
sources, enabling FileMaker users to use information served via
products like Microsoft Access 97, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft SQL
Server, or Oracle 7. Users can create SQL queries by pointing and
clicking through FileMaker's ODBC SQL Query Dialog, and
experienced SQL users can enter SQL commands directly. Data from
ODBC sources can be incorporated into an existing FileMaker
database or used to create a new database on the fly. ODBC imports
should be particularly useful for applying FileMaker's extensive
reporting and printing capabilities to information stored in
high-end database systems. FileMaker Pro 4.1 also supports special
features of database solutions created with the FileMaker Pro
Developer Edition (including Kiosk mode, custom Help and About
items, and renamed Script menus) and recognizes the currency
symbol for the euro (ECU).
FileMaker Pro 4.1 for Macintosh requires System 7.1 or higher, a
CD-ROM drive, and at least 8 MB of RAM (16 MB or more strongly
recommended). FileMaker Pro 4.1 costs $199, upgrades from previous
versions of FileMaker (and a host of competing products including
versions of Microsoft Access, 4th Dimension, and Corel Paradox)
cost $149. Although FileMaker is still inexpensive as database
products go, the upgrade price for version 4.1 is $50 higher than
Claris charged for upgrades to FileMaker Pro 4.0. Also note that
FileMaker Pro 4.1 requires ODBC drivers to import information from
ODBC databases; it ships with 30-day trial versions of ODBC
drivers from Intersolv, which are certified for use with FileMaker
Pro 4.1. These drivers must be purchased separately to be used
beyond the 30-day trial period; pricing is not clear, but
Intersolv charges in the neighborhood of $750 apiece for its
DataDirect drivers. Another option would be to use ODBC drivers
from a different vendor, which should work in many cases even
though they aren't certified for use with FileMaker Pro 4.1.
Frankly, unless you need ODBC access from FileMaker (and can't use
a third-party SQL plug-in with FileMaker Pro 4.0), the primary
reason to upgrade to FileMaker Pro 4.1 is for bug fixes, and for
those I'd just wait for the free 4.0v2 update FileMaker reps say
should be available in a few weeks. [GD]
<
http://www.filemaker.com/products/frame-filemakerpro.html>
<
http://www.profdata.nl/pages/english.html>
**Web Confidential 1.0.2 Released** -- Alco Blom has released a
new version of his useful password storage program Web
Confidential, reviewed in "Web Confidential: Securing Information
of All Sorts" in TidBITS-441_. Version 1.0.2 addresses some of our
minor concerns, including support for arrow keys in the Note field
and some confusing category labels. It also groups the categories
for easier visual parsing, fixes a crash related to the Platinum
appearance being off, and fixes a bug that sometimes caused
changes to be lost on save. To update from a previous version,
download the new 384K package, install just the application, and
replace your previous application. [ACE]
<
http://www.web-confidential.com/>
<
http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05020>
**Virtual PC 2.1.1 Update Available** -- Connectix has released a
free updater for Virtual PC that upgrades Virtual PC 2.0, 2.0.1,
or 2.1 to version 2.1.1. (See "Virtual PC 2.0: Not Just a Minor
Update" in TidBITS-433_ for an overview of Virtual PC.) Version
2.1.1 fixes a problem in Virtual PC's emulated clock chip so that
it now correctly understands leap years, and it corrects a problem
that sent extraneous data to the COM ports when sharing Macintosh
folders or using drag & drop. The Virtual PC 2.1.1 updater is a
740K download; users of Windows 95 or 98 also need a separate 770K
Windows updater. [GD]
<
http://www.connectix.com/html/vpc_updates.html>
<
http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=04923>
**Symantec Ships Norton Utilities 4.0** -- After a lengthy period
of public beta testing, Symantec Corporation has released Norton
Utilities for Macintosh 4.0, featuring support for both Mac OS 8.5
and the HFS+ disk format introduced more than six months ago with
Mac OS 8.1. (See "All About Macintosh Extended Format (HFS Plus)"
in TidBITS-414_.) Along with a revised user interface, Norton
Utilities components are now PowerPC-native for improved
performance, and Norton Unerase can attempt to recover entire
folders as well as individual files. Of course, Norton Utilities
still features the widely used Disk Doctor and Speed Disk
utilities for disk repair and optimization, and a bootable data
recovery CD-ROM. Norton Utilities for Macintosh 4.0 should be
priced around $100, and requires System 7.5.5 or greater and 16 MB
of RAM. Although Symantec's initial press release claimed the new
version would work with 68040-based Macs, Norton Utilities 4.0 is
available only for PowerPC-based Macs. Symantec says owners of
previous versions will be able to upgrade for $50. [GD]
<
http://www.symantec.com/nu/fs_num4.html>
<
http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=04668>
**More USB Support from Keyspan** -- Keyspan has announced the
expansion of its USB product line with the addition of a USB hub
and a USB serial adapter. USB hubs enable iMac users to attach
more USB devices to their iMacs - although the iMac has two USB
ports, one must be used by the keyboard and mouse, and daisy-
chaining too many USB devices can cause problems. The Keyspan USB
hub will provide four additional USB ports for a list price of $69
in late September of 1998. Keyspan's USB serial adapter, which is
scheduled to ship in October of 1998 for a list price of $79,
makes it possible for iMac users to connect serial devices like
graphics tablets, PalmPilots, and some printers. [ACE]
<
http://www.keyspan.com/products/USB/hub/>
<
http://www.keyspan.com/products/USB/adapter/>
**Macintosh Mailing List Directory** -- Apple Computer's Mail List
Gnome and noted List Mom, Chuq Von Rospach, recently announced the
availability of a totally revamped list of mailing lists related
to Apple and the Macintosh. The Apple Mailing Lists site includes
both lists that Apple operates and those that are independent and
should prove a useful resource for anyone trying to find a list
related to a Macintosh topic. If you have a list that's not
currently included (Chuq's trying to make this a canonical
directory), take a look at some of the currently included lists,
then send your entry to <
[email protected]>. [ACE]
<
http://www.lists.apple.com/>
**Aladdin's Desktop Magician Saws Desktops in Half** -- Is your
Mac's desktop as cluttered as your real desktop? If so, check out
the new Aladdin Desktop Magician from Aladdin Systems. It enables
you to create project-based sets of files and folders that can be
moved to or from the desktop at any time. Plus, Aladdin Desktop
Magician can restore the positions of icons on your desktop, which
is handy if you change resolutions, fiddle with a video card, or
boot from a hard disk that doesn't know about your monitor setup.
Other uses of Aladdin Desktop Magician include different desktops
for multiple users and improved privacy by hiding sensitive items.
Aladdin Desktop Magician costs $20; a free 30-day demo is
available as a 476K download. [ACE]
<
http://www.aladdinsys.com/magician/index.html>
More Ethernet Network Details
-----------------------------
by Adam C. Engst <
[email protected]>
Not surprisingly, readers deluged us with additional comments,
questions, and details surrounding my article "Creating a Simple
Ethernet Network" in TidBITS-446_. Much of the discussion has
taken place on TidBITS Talk, so to review more than I've
summarized here, look at recent posts in the TidBITS Talk archive.
<
http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05085>
<
http://www.tidbits.com/search/talk.html>
**Additional Resources** -- We received a number of pointers to
sites containing additional information on Ethernet networks,
including Robert Woodhead's tips-filled tale of installing an
Ethernet network, a site containing information on structured
cabling, the Three Macs & a Printer site, Ambrosia's Networkable
Mac Games Networking 101 page, and John's Closet. All are worth
investigating.
<
http://www.animeigo.com/WEIRD/NETWORK.html>
<
http://www.combsnet.com/networks/cable.html>
<
http://come.to/three.macs/>
<
http://cafe.AmbrosiaSW.com/netgames/network101.html>
<
http://www.digitalmx.com/wires/>
**Fast Ethernet Backups** -- Kudos to Peter Jones
<
[email protected]> for suggesting a great reason for choosing
Ethernet instead of LocalTalk. If you back up a several-gigabyte
hard disk over the network, LocalTalk may prove too slow. Add
several Macs with large hard disks to your network backup system,
and backups may take too long to complete overnight. This is
probably more of a problem in a small office situation than a
home, where backup speed matters less. For more information on
backups, see my series on the subject.
<
http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbser=1041>
**Did We Need Hubs?** A number of people argued with our choice of
10Base-2 in our home, saying that we wouldn't really have needed
hubs since we could just have run more 10Base-T cable, which is
cheap. That's generically true, but our specific situation
involved long cable runs that utilize three holes in the outer
walls. Running more than one or two wires simply wouldn't have
worked physically, which is why I commented that we would have
needed a hub at each location. If you're in a situation where the
wire is exposed or easily strung over a drop ceiling, say, then
you could avoid multiple hubs.
**Sharing an ISDN Connection** -- Several readers noted that the
Sagem Planet ISDN GeoPort Adapter can provide Internet services to
all the Macs on your network, much like Vicomsoft Internet
Gateway, Vicomsoft SurfDoubler, and Sustainable Softworks'
IPNetRouter. Also, Sagem has announced a USB-based ISDN terminal
adapter for iMac users. However, Erik Buelinckx
<
[email protected]> commented that he'd found the performance to
be slower for the other Macs on the network.
<
http://www.sagem.com/en/produit2-en/spiga2.htm>
**LocalTalk Printers on Ethernet** -- In our recent iMac coverage,
we looked closely at putting LocalTalk printers on an Ethernet
network, so I didn't think to revisit the topic again. Even so,
the topic confuses many people, so here are the possibilities.
* Download and install Apple's free LaserWriter Bridge software on
a Macintosh that is connected to both your old LocalTalk network
(which might be just the printer and that Mac) and your new
Ethernet network. LaserWriter Bridge takes the print traffic from
the Ethernet network and sends it out via LocalTalk to the
printer. Remember that you won't see any speed increases in
printing because the LocalTalk network is still a bottleneck. Some
people have had problems with LaserWriter Bridge, although it's
worked fine for us. Since it's free, there's no harm in testing
it. Note that the file linked below also contains an updater for
Apple's LocalTalk Bridge, which enables you to share all LocalTalk
devices on an Ethernet network. However, LocalTalk Bridge isn't
free, and I doubt you can find it for sale.
<
ftp://ftp.info.apple.com/Apple_Support_Area/Apple_Software_Updates/US/
Macintosh/Networking-Communications/Other_N-C/LT_and_LW_Bridge_2.1.sea.bin>
* Buy a hardware LocalTalk-to-Ethernet bridge. A number of
companies make these bridges - including networking vendors like
Asante, Farallon, and Sonic Systems - and they're often used to
make LocalTalk printers accessible to an Ethernet network. Look
for Asante's Micro AsantePrint; Farallon's EtherMac iPrint
Adapter, EtherWave Printer Adapter, and EtherWave MultiPrinter
Adapter; and Sonic Systems' microPrint/2, microPrint/12, and
microBridge TCP/IP. Prices and availability vary, but these
devices should be in the $100 to $400 range, and some are
available from TidBITS sponsors Small Dog Electronics and Cyberian
Outpost.
<
http://www.asante.com/Products/microprint.html>
<
http://www.farallon.com/ether/adapters/iprintadapter.html>
<
http://www.sonicsys.com/Products/Ethernet&Fast_Ethernet/microprint.html>
* Finally, Stephen Peilschmidt <
[email protected]>
recommended free print server software that accepts print jobs
from a Mac on the network, then sends them on to the printer,
freeing the Mac doing the printing from processing the print job.
Print servers offer other capabilities as well; if you're
interested in off-loading print job spooling to another Mac, check
out the 1.6 MB Printdesk Lite 1.5.6 from Nine Bits.
<
ftp://mirrors.aol.com/pub/info-mac/cfg/printdesk-15-lite.hqx>
<
http://www.ninebits.com/>
**Dayna's Dead** -- In my list of well-known Macintosh networking
companies, I included Dayna Communications, which is unfortunately
now owned by Intel. Worse, Dayna officially closed its doors last
month for future product sales. Intel has left Dayna's Web site
active (which is misleading, since there's no disclaimer on any of
the pages about how Dayna no longer exists) and promises to
provide technical and warranty support. You might be able to find
some cheap prices on new Dayna hardware for a while, but if the
prices are the same, I encourage you to support companies that are
active players in the Macintosh market.
<
http://www.dayna.com/dayna/techsup/eoljune98.html>
**Crossover Cable Conundrum** -- Several folks observed that
crossover cables can be a pain for regular usage. The problem is
that unless one Mac is on when you turn on the other, AppleTalk
won't
sense the existence of the network. The problem is primarily
annoying, and Travis Butler <
[email protected]> informed us that you
can work around it by switching the AppleTalk control panels on
both Macs to something other than Ethernet, closing them, and then
switching them back to Ethernet. Travis recommended Tim Kelly's $3
shareware FruitSpeak control strip module to simplify this
switching. You could also use Apple's Location Manager (which
ships with Mac OS 8.1, and is available for PowerBooks running
earlier systems) to accomplish the same thing.
<
http://www.madison-web.com/tkelly/#fs>
**Network Security** -- When I wrote about sharing files between
computers, I should have mentioned that if you're also connecting
your network to the Internet, you should be careful to use
passwords. Although it's a bit less likely to affect Mac-only
networks, I've heard of situations where PC users with cable
modems can access their neighbors' files over the Internet
connection.
**Long Cable Runs** -- 10Base-2 networks can have a maximum of 185
meters (607 feet) per segment, whereas 10Base-T networks max out
at 100 meters (328 feet) per segment. These limitations seldom
come into play, but they're worth keeping in mind if you want to
network multiple buildings (something we've considered doing with
our neighbors). Data Comm Warehouse has a decent chart showing the
variables.
<
http://www.warehouse.com/datacomm/techref/chart.htm>
**Grades of Twisted Pair Wiring** -- When you buy cable for a
10Base-T network, pay attention to the grade of the cable and the
components. High-speed networks require higher grades of cable and
components than voice or low-speed networks (Kee Nethery of Kagi
once ran a LocalTalk network on hot and cold water pipes).
Category 3 is the minimum for 10Base-T networks, and Category 5
(called "Cat5") is the minimum for 100Base-T networks. If you're
installing new wire, you should use Cat5 cabling, since it's the
most likely to work for any future networks.
**Multiple Operating Systems** -- Peter Wood
<
[email protected]> asked if there's any problem
networking Macs running different versions of the Mac OS? The
simple answer is no, there's no problem at all. You might run into
a situation where creating the network engenders a situation
requiring a new version of the Mac OS, though. For instance,
installing LetterRip Pro on our SE/30 was the only reason we
bothered to upgrade to Mac OS 7.5.5 and Open Transport (which
LetterRip Pro requires).
**PC Cards, Older System Versions** -- Peter Adams offered two
minor points. First, PowerBooks using PC Cards (and possibly Macs
using other less common Ethernet devices) to gain access to an
Ethernet network may have "Alternate Ethernet" in their AppleTalk
and TCP/IP control panels rather than "Ethernet." Don't be
confused - if you have only one choice that mentions Ethernet,
that's the right one. Second, Peter commented that if you run an
older version of the Mac OS, you may need to install Ethernet
drivers for your Ethernet card. Those drivers should be included,
but if not, download and run Apple's Network Software Installer
1.5.1 (note that it's a disk image and requires either Apple's
DiskCopy or Aladdin's ShrinkWrap to mount). If that doesn't work,
you'll need to call tech support.
<
ftp://ftp.info.apple.com/Apple_Support_Area/Apple_Software_Updates/US/
Macintosh/Networking-Communications/Network_Software_Installer/
ZM-NSI_1.5.1.sea.bin>
**Wireless Ethernet** -- Finally, although no one mentioned it,
I'd like to throw in a quick comment about wireless Ethernet. A
company called Digital Ocean makes several wireless networking
products for the Macintosh, but the products have suffered from
high prices and poor performance. Digital Ocean's Web site doesn't
respond, and I can't find anyone selling these products (Manta and
Starfish for Ethernet, Grouper for LocalTalk). However, on the
bright side, Henry Norr's MacWEEK news report for this year's WWDC
contained a comment that Apple might be working on wireless
Ethernet modules for a new Comms Module slot in future Macs.
There's no telling if and when this product will come to pass, but
in the meantime I'd like to register my vote for an inexpensive
wireless Ethernet solution for home networking. I wouldn't even
object to seeing it in Bondi blue.
<
http://www.digitalocean.com/>
<
http://macweek.zdnet.com/mw_1219/nw_hardware.html>
The Race for Bandwidth
----------------------
by Adam C. Engst <
[email protected]>
Almost a year ago, Cary Lu, noted technologist and Macintosh
author, died after a nine-month bout with cancer. In "Cary Lu
Remembered" (TidBITS-399_), I tried to convey who Cary was and a
feeling for the memories he'd left for many of us.
<
http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=04169>
In that article, however, I didn't mention one final gift Cary
left behind - a partially completed book about bandwidth that he
was writing for Microsoft Press. He had completed much of it
before his cancer was diagnosed, and although the radiation
treatment and chemotherapy sapped his strength, Cary clung to the
idea of finishing. His energy level visibly increased when he
discussed the book, but despite valiant attempts, even Cary
couldn't finish a book while battling cancer.
Toward the end, I and Cary's friend Steve Manes, then writing for
the New York Times and now for Forbes, volunteered to finish the
book. Although we harbored no illusions of being as qualified as
Cary, we figured that between us we could tie together the final
pieces. Steve spent hours talking with Cary and going over the
notes for the chapter about Internet bandwidth, and Cary explained
some of the finer points of audio and video bandwidth to me. In
the end, though, we were on our own with a manuscript that might
have been 80 percent done for Cary and his original schedule, but
which was closer to 60 percent done for us, coming in as we did
over a year after Cary had set down some of the chapters.
But Steve and I persevered, and digging deep within the Internet,
we ferreted out details surrounding the history of bandwidth,
satellite radio, and the many standards for television around the
world. We merged and moved, edited and extended, and eventually we
turned a manuscript into a book - The Race for Bandwidth ($19.99,
Microsoft Press, ISBN 1-57231-513-X). Our editors at Microsoft
Press came up with illustrations and summaries. And Cary's wife
Ellen W. Chu provided a humorous and touching foreword along with
acknowledgments for all those who had helped not only with the
book, but also with keeping Cary company during his illness.
<
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=157231513X/tidbitselectro00A/>
**About Bandwidth** -- The book itself contains eight chapters,
the first four of which are essentially devoted to background
information. It starts by describing what bandwidth is and why
it's crucial to our information age, then steps back to trace the
history of bandwidth. The "Thinking about Bandwidth" chapter then
looks at common misconceptions surrounding bandwidth, such as the
fact that a slow boat has a higher raw bandwidth than a fast wire.
That's because bandwidth is the measure of the amount of
information that flows from one place to another in a given amount
of time, and sending a cargo ship with CD-ROMs from New York to
London provides far greater bandwidth than the best Internet
connection, even though the ship may take more than a week to make
the crossing. The fourth of these background chapters delves into
analog and digital bandwidth, looking at the advantages and
disadvantages of each. In today's increasingly digital world, many
people think that digital is "better," whereas in fact, it's
difficult even to compare the two. For example, it's easy to say
that an audio CD sounds better than an analog cassette tape, but
that comparison looks not at digital and analog but instead at
examples of high and low bandwidth methods of carrying audio
information.
Broadcast bandwidth, both audio and video, occupies the next two
chapters, and coming at this from an Internet background, I found
researching, editing, and updating these chapters to be
fascinating. Cary covered existing types of broadcast bandwidth,
as well as those that we're likely to see in the future. For
instance, digital satellite radio will start supplanting standard
analog AM and FM radio in the next few years. In the United
States, the FCC foresees perhaps 4 percent of the population being
able to receive digital satellite radio broadcasts in the S band
(2310-2360 MHz) by the year 2005. Just north of the U.S. border,
however, Canada also plans to move to digital satellite radio but
in the L band (1452-1492 MHz), with _all_ existing analog AM and
FM stations moving to digital satellite radio by the year 2010.
Interestingly, Canada uses the S band for aeronautical telemetry
applications, whereas the United States uses the L band for that
purpose. It remains to be seen how this conflict will play out,
but future radios may not work across the border.
Those interested in the Internet may find the final two chapters
the most compelling. First, Cary looks at point-to-point bandwidth
- standard telephone lines, dedicated Internet connections,
cellular telephones, pagers, and faxes. Perhaps the most important
lesson in this chapter is the difference between circuit-switched
and packet-switched communications. In circuit-switched
communications, such as a standard telephone call, you "own" the
virtual circuit the telephone company creates for you: the full
bandwidth of the call is devoted to your call. That ownership is
important, because with voice communications, silence in the form
of, say, a pregnant pause, has meaning. But when you're
transmitting and receiving digital data, the communications are
inherently bursty: you receive a Web page, spend some time reading
it, and then move on to the next one. In this situation, silence
has no meaning, so it makes much more sense to share the bandwidth
to even out the usage patterns. Such equality is achieved by
breaking all communications into packets and sending each packet
separately. The problem comes when you attempt to piggyback a
packet-switched network like the Internet onto a circuit-switched
network like the public telephone network.
Having described the background of how the wires work, Cary looks
at how bandwidth works on the Internet itself. In many ways, this
chapter is the linchpin of the entire book, since it seems that
everyone wants to know more about how the Internet works. That
said, I suspect that many Internet aficionados among the TidBITS
audience may already know most of the good points Cary makes in
this chapter, such as the numerous places in a standard Internet
communication transaction that can act as bottlenecks.
**Legacies** -- Steve and I volunteered to finish Cary's book not
just because of our friendship with him but also because we both
felt strongly that the information in the book was too valuable to
fade away into a dusty legal estate. My suspicion is that everyone
will come to the book with some small amount of expertise -
perhaps thanks to an interest in shortwave radio or the Internet.
My hope is that everyone will leave the book having acquired at
least a deeper appreciation for the issues surrounding information
transfer in today's world. I know I did: at times while
researching some topic I'd stumble into Tonya's office and quote a
classic Far Side cartoon: "Mrs. Johnson, may I be excused? My
brain is full."
Finally, as a gift for Cary's children - Nathaniel Chu and
Meredith Lu - some of us set up a Web site last year so that those
whose lives had been touched by Cary could contribute their
thoughts and remembrances. Our plan is to print the collection on
acid-free paper for the kids. After a year, the time has come to
work on the final output, but we want to give everyone a last
chance to contribute before we commit to paper. The database
itself will remain accessible as long as we can reasonably serve
it and as long as Ellen desires, since, along with The Race for
Bandwidth, his other books, editorial work, short films, and
research, it has become yet another addition to Cary's legacy.
<
http://www.tidbits.com/carylu/>
$$
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