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	#Post#: 24155--------------------------------------------------
	Σκληρός Στρ&#9
	45;σεροΚομμου&
	#957;ισμός από Ε&#9
	17;!
	By: Pinochet88 Date: August 31, 2016, 9:23 am
	---------------------------------------------------------
	Τις άγριες
	στασερικές-&#9
	54;ομμουνιστι&
	#954;ές
	διαθεσεις
	της δείχνει
	η ΕΕΣΣΔ
	ξεσκίζοντα&#96
	2;
	κάθε έννοια
	εθνικής
	κυριαρχίας
	για να
	επιβάλλει
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ, ΚΙ
	ΑΛΛΟΥΣ
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ, ΚΑΙ
	ΑΚΟΜΑ
	ΠΑΡΑΠΑΝΩ
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ ΑΡΠΑΞΟΥΝ
	ΤΟΝ ΠΛΟΥΤΟ
	ΤΩΝ ΙΔΙΩΤΩΝ,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ ΜΑΣ
	ΚΑΝΟΥΝ
	ΦΤΩΧΟΤΕΡΟΥ&#93
	1;,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ
	ΨΩΜΙΣΤΟΥΝ
	ΟΙ
	ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΕ&#93
	1;,
	ΤΑ ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ,
	ΟΙ ΚΗΦΗΝΕΣ,
	ΤΑ ΣΚΑΤΑ ΤΟΥ
	ΠΑΡΑΠΕΤΑΣΜ&#91
	3;ΤΟΣ,
	ΟΙ ΛΑΘΡΑΙΟΙ
	ΚΑΙ ΟΛΟΙ ΟΙ
	ΥΠΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙ,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΜΗΝ ΕΧΕΙ
	ΚΙΝΗΤΡΟ Ο
	ΛΧΑ ΤΙΜ ΚΟΥΚ
	ΝΑ ΚΑΝΕΙ ΤΗ
	ΖΩΗ ΤΩΝ
	ΑΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ
	ΕΥΚΟΛΟΤΕΡΗ
	ΜΕΣΩ ΤΗΣ
	ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΗΣ
	ΑΓΟΡΑΣ,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ
	ΣΚΥΛΕΨΟΥΝ
	ΤΟΥΣ ΤΑΦΟΥΣ
	ΤΩΝ
	ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΕΝΩ&#92
	5;
	ΤΑ
	ΑΡΠΑΚΤΙΚΑ
	ΤΟΥ ΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ ΚΑΝΟΥΝ
	ΑΚΡΙΒΟΤΕΡΑ
	ΤΑ ΑΓΑΘΑ ΚΑΙ
	ΝΑ
	ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤ&#91
	9;ΣΟΥΝ
	ΤΟΥΣ
	ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥΣ
	ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ
	ΑΡΓΟΜΙΣΘΙΕ&#93
	1;
	ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ
	ΥΦΕΣΙΟΓΟΝΕ&#93
	1;
	ΤΟΥΣ
	ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΕΣ,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ ΜΑΣ
	ΠΝΙΞΟΥΝ ΣΤΑ
	ΓΚΟΥΛΑΓΚ,
	ΦΟΡΟΥΣ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ ΜΑΣ
	ΕΛΕΓΧΟΥΝ.
	ΑΥΤΗ ΕΙΝΑΙ Η
	ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗ
	ΕΝΩΣΗ! ΑΥΤΑ
	ΘΕΛΕΙ ΚΑΙ
	ΔΕΝ
	ΔΙΣΤΑΖΕΙ
	ΠΟΥΘΕΝΑ ΓΙΑ
	ΝΑ ΠΑΡΕΙ
	ΤΟΥΣ ΦΟΡΟΥΣ,
	ΔΙΑΛΥΕΙ ΚΑΙ
	ΕΘΝΗ ΚΑΙ
	ΦΥΛΕΣ ΚΑΙ
	ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΕ&#93
	1;
	ΚΑΙ
	ΑΞΙΟΠΡΕΠΕΙ&#91
	7;Σ
	ΚΑΙ ΗΘΙΚΕΣ
	ΥΠΟΛΗΨΕΙΣ.
	ΦΟΡΟΙ
	ΠΑΝΤΟΥ, ΜΑΣ
	ΠΝΙΓΟΥΝ ΜΑΣ
	ΚΑΙΝΕ. ΑΥΤΗ
	ΕΙΝΑΙ Η
	ΚΟΜΜΟΥΝΙΣΤ&#92
	1;ΚΗ
	ΕΝΩΣΗ, ΑΥΤΟΣ
	ΕΙΝΑΙ Ο
	ΚΟΜΜΟΥΝΙΣΤ&#91
	9;Σ
	ΓΙΟΥΝΚΕΡ,
	ΑΥΤΗ ΕΙΝΑΙ Η
	ΚΟΜΣΟΜΟΛΑ
	ΣΤΑΛΙΝΙΣΤΡ&#92
	1;Α
	ΜΕΡΚΕΛ. Η
	ΜΕΡΚΕΛ
	ΕΙΝΑΙ Ο
	ΣΤΑΛΙΝ ΚΑΙ Ο
	ΣΤΑΛΙΝ
	ΕΙΝΑΙ Η
	ΜΕΡΚΕΛ. ΚΑΤΩ
	Ο
	ΚΟΜΜΟΥΝΙΣΜ&#92
	7;Σ!
	ΠΑΝΩ Ο
	ΚΑΠΙΤΑΛΙΣΜ&#92
	7;Σ!
	ΚΑΤΩ ΟΙ
	ΦΟΡΟΙ! ΠΑΝΩ Η
	ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ!
	[hr]
	[hr]
	What just happened to Apple, explained
	The European Commission, the EU's executive arm, is ordering
	Apple to pay $14.5 billion in taxes to Ireland. But Ireland
	doesn't want the money, and Apple says it shouldn't have to pay.
	And the kind of tax breaks that the EU accuses Ireland of
	offering Apple are similar to the kind of deals common in, and
	legal in, the US.
	What happened?
	This is what the EU says:
	Apple Inc., which is based in California, set up two companies
	in Ireland: Apple Sales International and Apple Operations
	Europe. According to the European Commission, these companies
	had no employees or real offices but still realized large
	profits. Apple paid virtually no tax to Ireland, or to any
	country, on these profits because of a former law in Ireland. In
	the last year that the law was in effect, 2015, Apple Sales
	International paid just 0.005% tax, according to the commission.
	European Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager speaks
	during an interview with Reuters at the EU Commission
	headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, October 9, 2015.
	REUTERS/Francois Lenoir EU Competition Commissioner Margrethe
	Vestager. Thomson Reuters
	The investigation into Apple by the European Commission was led
	by Commissioner Margrethe Vestager, a member of Denmark's social
	liberal party. The commission is not a tax authority; instead,
	its job is to maintain fairness between the EU member states.
	And that brings us to the most important part in this story: The
	commission says this law specifically favored Apple for special
	treatment.
	When Apple sold iPhones, iPads, and Macs in an EU single-market
	nation, such as France, the commission said Apple would funnel
	the profits from France to Ireland and would not pay tax in
	either country. But this is not really about Apple's
	tax-avoidance strategies, which are infamous.
	The European Commission's issue is really not with Apple but
	with Ireland.
	Aid versus tax
	How's this for a tricky balancing act?
	EU leaders have no issue with different member nations charging
	different corporate-tax rates. That's why it's acceptable for
	Ireland to charge businesses a 12.5% income tax whereas France
	levies 33.3%.
	Apple Europe Ireland tax map The European Commission released
	this infographic showing how Apple paid virtually no taxes
	through its Irish companies. European Commission
	This is crucial because nations want to maintain autonomy over
	their fiscal policies. That's part of the ongoing power struggle
	between individual nations and the EU (remember Brexit?). What's
	not acceptable is what the EU calls "state aid." This is when a
	country offers something special that's seen as benefiting an
	individual company.
	It can be even more basic. If France taxed companies in the
	north less than those in the south, that's generally state aid
	in the EU's view. It's the same with trying to get a German
	company to move to Denmark by abating property taxes for a new
	headquarters.
	"The view is that not levying taxes that everyone else has to
	pay amounts to the same result as giving money to just one
	company," Philipp Werner, a partner in the law firm Jones Day's
	Brussels office who has represented multinational companies
	appealing state-aid decisions, told Business Insider.
	If Apple had just paid the standard 12.5% income tax in Ireland,
	the country wouldn't have EU leaders upset in Brussels. Instead,
	the commission says Ireland gave Apple "selective tax treatment"
	starting in 1991, with the first of two tax rulings. In effect,
	Ireland signed off on a plan in which Apple would move money to
	a stateless "head office" with no meaningful activities.
	"Therefore, only a small percentage of Apple Sales
	International's profits were taxed in Ireland, and the rest was
	taxed nowhere," the commission said in a press release.
	Ireland explicitly said this was fine by its standards. But the
	EU contends that this arrangement "gave Apple an undue advantage
	that is illegal under EU state aid rules."
	"Apple entered into a deal with Ireland to not pay tax on all
	those profits," Edward Kleinbard, a professor of law and
	business at the USC Gould School of Law, told Business Insider.
	Instead, Apple paid "an arbitrarily small amount to Ireland in
	return for a vague promise to keep jobs in Ireland."
	Apple and Ireland aren't the commission's first targets. There
	were similar rulings against the Starbucks' tax dealings in the
	Netherlands and a division of Fiat in Luxembourg.
	Apple and Ireland have a different view
	Ireland's Finance Minister Michael Noonan attends an interview
	with Reuters at his office in central Dublin February 11, 2014.
	REUTERS/Cathal McNaughton Irish Finance Minister Michael Noonan.
	Thomson Reuters
	Apple was one of the first major tech companies to set up shop
	in Ireland. At the time, in 1980, Ireland was in bad economic
	shape. Unemployment was high, and many people left Ireland to
	try to find work in other countries.
	Low corporate tax was one way Ireland improved its economy and
	attracted big companies, and Apple was one of the early
	companies to benefit.
	Irish Finance Minister Michael Noonan has categorically rejected
	the notion that this was a special deal for Apple.
	"The Irish Revenue don't do deals," Noonan told CNBC on August
	30. "They issue opinions to clarify a tax situation for
	individual companies, but we never do deals." He continued to
	say that Apple doesn't owe any taxes to Ireland. "They may owe
	it elsewhere, but not to the Irish authorities."
	To underscore the delicate relationship, Noonan accused the
	commission of meddling in the policies of sovereign governments.
	For its part, Apple CEO Tim Cook shot back, saying in an open
	letter that the European Commission "has launched an effort to
	rewrite Apple's history in Europe, ignore Ireland's tax laws and
	upend the international tax system in the process."
	Both Ireland and Apple say the company has become a big part of
	the Irish economy, with 6,000 workers there. And Cook also
	objected to the ruling being retroactive. Under EU rules, it can
	compel a country to collect taxes going back 10 years from the
	first date it asked for information.
	Ireland doesn�t want the money
	Here's one of the ironies: The EU is, in effect, ordering
	Ireland to collect a lot of money. Most, if not all, of the
	$14.5 billion would go to Ireland and could be used to pay down
	debts. But Ireland is not interested.
	"Although they get a huge amount of money back, they also want
	to fight it," said Werner at Jones Day. "They're not only
	thinking about Apple � they're thinking a whole lot of other
	companies established in Ireland."
	Losing this battle will hurt Ireland's credibility as an
	inexpensive place to do business, and a place where tax laws are
	clear and settled.
	Why is the US fighting this?
	Jack Lew Secretary of Treasury US Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew.
	REUTERS/Gleb Garanich
	Another irony: You might think the US would applaud any effort
	to collect tax from US-based multinationals using Irish
	subsidiaries to pay less, or zero, tax. But there are a few
	reasons the US Treasury department is vehemently against this EU
	ruling and other pending cases targeting companies, such as
	Amazon.
	One is simple: It wants to protect US businesses, and the
	Treasury says they're being unfairly targeted by this EU
	crackdown.
	Second, the US wants to preserve tax revenue it hopes one day
	will come its way.
	Companies like Apple say US taxes are too high, so they keep
	foreign earnings overseas. But Congress has long debated ways to
	get multinational American companies to repatriate some of that
	cash. The Treasury Department says if the commission wins this
	case, US companies could use these taxes paid in Europe to
	offset US taxes. That, it says, "would effectively constitute a
	transfer of revenue to the EU from the US government and its
	taxpayers," according to a Treasury white paper.
	What about other European countries?
	In his letter, though, Cook may have stepped into another debate
	over its aggressive tax avoidance by saying, " A company�s
	profits should be taxed in the country where the value is
	created." This is a different issue.
	If Apple made money in France but realized those profits in
	Ireland, it is up to France, not the EU, to complain and try to
	get some of that money back.
	The whole reason Apple's European operations are in Ireland,
	after all, are for its tax advantages. The question is just
	whether Apple received illegal special treatment.
	Wait, don't these tax breaks happen in the US all the time?
	tesla gigafactory Tesla's Gigafactory, in Nevada, received the
	kind of tax breaks that would be illegal in the EU.
	YouTube/Above Reno
	One reason all this might seem odd to Americans is that the
	"special treatment" Ireland is accused of giving Apple is
	similar to incentives American states give companies all the
	time legally.
	Massachusetts, for instance, put together $145 million in
	incentives to persuade General Electric to move from suburban
	Connecticut to Boston.
	Never mind that some research suggests these sweetheart deals
	often don't pay off. Politicians can't stop offering them.
	When Tesla said publicly it wanted to build a Gigafactory to
	produce batteries, states like California, Nex Mexico, and
	Nevada stumbled over themselves to offer the most generous tax
	breaks. In the end, Nevada agreed to $1.2 billion in tax
	incentives to win the deal. If these deals were issued by France
	to attract a company based in Denmark, it would be illegal under
	EU rules.
	What about inversions?
	Some American companies have gone further than Apple to take
	advantage of Irish tax breaks. Pharmaceutical firm Allergan has
	acquired or formed Irish subsidiaries and then "inverted," or
	transferred its legal headquarters to Ireland. Even if its
	headquarters were in the US, it is effectively an Irish company.
	"Inversions are separate but related," Kleinbard said. Companies
	that invert "take advantage of an easily manipulated definition
	of what is a US company."
	Nothing in the European Commission ruling affects inversions.
	It's up to US authorities to crack down if they want to stop the
	practice. Congress, for instance, could change tax law to
	consider a company American if its leadership and most of its
	workers are based in the US.
	What's next?
	Apple, the most profitable company in the world, and Ireland,
	which has some of the lowest corporate taxes, made easy targets
	for the European Commission. But it's clearly not done yet. It's
	targeting McDonald's for allegedly paying no tax on its earnings
	in Luxembourg. The antitrust regulators are also looking into
	Amazon.
	Ireland, however, will almost surely appeal the ruling against
	its dealings with Apple. It has a lot more on the line than
	$14.5 billion.
	http://bc.vc/Lu0CFZI
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