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#Post#: 1459--------------------------------------------------
Turkish tile Making
By: Angel/Poyraz Date: July 10, 2011, 3:32 am
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<strong>Iznik Tiles</strong>
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ile-making is one of the
oldest and most respected arts in Turkey. For many centuries
these jeweled-colored tiles have been used in the stunning
architecture that is pert of Turkey\'s cultural heritage .The
famous palaces in Istanbul and other cities is recognition of
the thousands of blue-and-white tiles on its interior walls.
Tile-making reached its aesthetic peak in the late 17th century
,drawing from the rich blend of Greek, Roman Ottoman ,Seljuk and
Arabic influences that contributed to Turkish art, The
decorative patterns used for your mirror are authentic; the
swirling leaves, clusters of stylized tulips, delicate floral
balanced with geometric rhythms can be found in the most ancient
historical designs.
he colors ,too, have varied little,
Fine-grained quartzite creates a hard ,brilliant white
foundation for the layers of lapis blue glazes that finish
each tile .More than just attractive and functional furniture
,your new mirror is a modern part of Turkey\'s artistic
tradition.
strong>
/strong><strong>
/strong><strong>
ISTORY
OF IZNIK TILES</strong>
znik is a lovely walled town on the
shores of Lake Iznik. This is the ancient Nicea, named after
Nikaia, wife of Lysimakhos, one of the rulers who inherited the
empire of Alexander the Great. As an illustrious city unter the
Greeks, Romans and Byzantines, who knows which plays were
performed at Iznik\'s Roman theatre now being excavated, and
which famous historic figures passed through its four gates,
today known as the Istanbul, Gol, Yenisehir and Lefke gates.
Early in the 13th century the Seljuk Turks ruled the city
briefly following which Iznik became the setting for major
events in Byzantine history for another century. The city
finally came under Turkish sovereighty again, this time for good
in 1331 during the reign of the second Ottoman Sultan Orhan
Gazi.
he 17th century Ottoman traveller Evliya Celebi gives a
detailed account of the town in his Chronicles. In his typical
lively style, he describes its setting on the flat plain to the
east of the lake, its walls, mosques and other monuments, shops
and trade. After mentioning its vineyards, orchards, market
gardens shaded by cypresses and olive groves, he continues,
\"Its china bowls, plates and jugs are greatly valued. All the
decorated wall tiles in the land of the Ottomans are made in the
city of Iznik. Words are incapable of describing the tiles
ornamented like chameleons which are produced.\" While the
events of political history, however important, are recalled
only sporadically, art set its stamp on daily life so that its
memory remains vivid. The chinaware of Iznik, an art which began
here in Byzantine times and reached its zenith under the Ottoman
Turks, is a striking example, and the potteries of Iznik played
a central role in the town\'s destiny. During the Byzantine era
the pottery of Iznik was similar to that made in many other
regions of Anatolia but soon after the Turkish conquest, Iznik
ware developed a distinctive style. Moreover production expanded
significantly, as the potteries were turned virtually into
imperial tile works manufacturing vast quantities of wall tiles
for the Ottoman palaces, mosques and other monumental buildings
which embellished the four corners of the empire.
n addition
to tiles, the town\'s potteries continued to produce china ware
for sale to the public as well as the palace. Large quantities
of dinnerware were required on such occasions as circumcision
ceremonies for the royal princes, such as in 1582 when
festivities lasting 52 days and nights were held to celebrate
the circumcision of Murad III\'s son Mehmed. When the 397
valuable Chinese porcelain dishes in the palace proved
insufficient, 541 Iznik plates, bowls and dishes were purchased.
The blue and white Chinese porcelain and celadon ware which
poured into the markets of the Near East from the 14th century
onwards became extremely popular among the wealthy who could
afford such precious objects. Iznik\'s potters had to compete to
survive, and they did so by imitating the Chinese designs from
Yuan and early Ming porcelain, of which abundant examples were
available. This was not difficult, since they were already
acquainted with many Chinese motifs which had earlier influenced
Timurid art. They began to turn out plates and dishes similar to
the much admired Chinese porcelain, and before long had not only
mastered these designs but began to give them new forms
according to their own tastes. The result found favour not only
within the Ottoman Empire but beyond, and some of the Iznik ware
which has survived in Europe provides evidence that the Iznik
potteries received orders from various European countries, such
as articles bearing royal arms. Blue and white plates, bowls,
lamps, candlesticks and other items made in Iznik during the
15th century are decorated in the style we now call Baba Nakkas,
consisting of scrollwork and floral designs, which was popular
during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II (1451-1481). During the
reign of his son Bayezid this style gradually began to change,
with the incorporation of knotted interlacing and Chinese cloud
bands. When Sultan Selim I (1512-1520) conquered Tabriz,
craftsmen from that city brought to Istanbul made their own
contributions to Ottoman Turkish art. Among these diverse
craftsmen were sixteen painters, one of whom, Sah Kulu,
introduced the Saz style into Ottoman art.
his was undoubtedly
one of the most significant innovations in Ottoman decorative
art. Not long after Sah Kulu began to work at the Ottoman palace
workshops, in the early part of Suleyman the Magnificent\'s
reign (1520-1566), the influence of his style begins to appear
on Iznik tiles. Other distinctive designs of this era are those
of the so-
alled Golden Horn wares consisting of spiral
scrolls deriving from the tugra (imperial cipher) of Suleyman
the Magnificent, and motifs borrowed from Chinese porcelains.
Turquoise was added to the traditional Iznik palette of blue
and white from the 1530s onwards. Iznik\'s potters developed a
style which diverged significantly from that of the court
decorators, and more over began to enrich their repertoire with
human and animal figures and ship motifs. It must be remembered
that apart from wall tiles made to order for the court, the
potters made china plates, bowls, ewers, cups, vases,
candlesticks, lamps and many similar articles for public
consumption, and for these the potters created their own
designs. Drawing upon the new styles developed by the great
court painters they designed new patterns of their own. From the
1540s onwards, mauve and purple also appear in Iznik designs,
followed by green and the exquisite coral red unique to Iznik
ware. These were used in the naturalistis floriate designs
introduced into decorative art by the great 16th century master
illuminator Kara Memi.
n addition to a wide range of flowers,
pomegranates, artichokes and tree motifs occur in the
compositions of this period. The finest Iznik pottery was
produced during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent and up to
the end of the 17th century.The tiles and other pieces were
exuberantly decorated with hyacinths, tulips, carnations, roses,
and stylised floral scrollwork known as hatayi, Chinese clouds,
imbrication, cintemani (a design consisting of three spots and
pairs of flickering stripes), and geometric patterns.
he
Turkish Ministry of Culture proclaimed 1989 as Iznik Year, and
numerous events and activities relating to Iznik pottery were
held. Iznik has a special place in the history of Turkish art,
and thanks to the efforts of Turkish Airlines and Turk Ekonomi
Bankasi Iznik Year became Iznik Years. Researchers are
continually discovering more about e beautiful type of ceramics,
whose designs are enjoying a new wave of popularity.
<strong>Iznik</strong>
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#Post#: 1513--------------------------------------------------
Turkish tile Making
By: Beyhan Date: July 10, 2011, 9:55 am
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Thanks for the interesting article! I love Turkish tiles, and
have several on my dining room wall in Riyadh. I also made a
wall plaque with some beautiful tiles and had it framed.
Everyone compliments me on them.
#Post#: 8553--------------------------------------------------
Turkish tile Making
By: kelebek Date: August 6, 2011, 1:14 pm
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Beyhan you should post a pic of your tile work. We\'d love to
see it !!
Turk here in my city has offered to teach me how to
do tiling in return for english lessons so i\'m excited.
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