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| #Post#: 84-------------------------------------------------- | |
| What is Oppositional defiant disorder? | |
| By: BMHC Date: January 1, 2014, 4:03 pm | |
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| Information is provided by The National Institute of Mental | |
| Health (NIMH) is part of the National Institutes of Health | |
| (NIH), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human | |
| Services. | |
| URL of this page: | |
| http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001537.htm | |
| http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001537.htm | |
| [quote]Oppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of | |
| disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority | |
| figures. | |
| Causes | |
| This disorder is more common in boys than in girls. Some studies | |
| have shown that it affects 20% of school-age children. However, | |
| most experts believe this figure is high due to changing | |
| definitions of normal childhood behavior, and possible racial, | |
| cultural, and gender biases. | |
| This behavior typically starts by age 8, but it may start as | |
| early as the preschool years. This disorder is thought to be | |
| caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social | |
| factors. | |
| Symptoms | |
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| To fit this diagnosis, the pattern must last for at least 6 | |
| months and must be more than normal childhood misbehavior. | |
| The pattern of behaviors must be different from those of other | |
| children around the same age and developmental level. The | |
| behavior must lead to significant problems in school or social | |
| activities. | |
| Exams and Tests | |
| Children with symptoms of this disorder should be evaluated by a | |
| psychiatrist or psychologist. In children and adolescents, the | |
| following conditions can cause similar behavior problems and | |
| should be considered as possibilities: | |
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| Treatment | |
| The best treatment for the child is to talk with a mental health | |
| professional in individual and possibly family therapy. The | |
| parents should also learn how to manage the child's behavior. | |
| Medications may also be helpful, especially if the behaviors | |
| occur as part of another condition (such as depression, | |
| childhood psychosis, or ADHD). | |
| Outlook (Prognosis) | |
| Some children respond well to treatment, while others do not. | |
| Possible Complications | |
| In many cases, children with oppositional defiant disorder grow | |
| up to have conduct disorder as teenagers or adults. In some | |
| cases children may grow up to haveantisocial personality | |
| disorder. | |
| When to Contact a Medical Professional | |
| Call your health care provider if you have concerns about your | |
| child's development or behavior. | |
| Prevention | |
| Be consistent about rules and consequences at home. Don't make | |
| punishments too harsh or inconsistent. | |
| Model the right behaviors for your child. Abuse and neglect | |
| increase the chances that this condition will occur.[/quote] | |
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