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#Post#: 84--------------------------------------------------
What is Oppositional defiant disorder?
By: BMHC Date: January 1, 2014, 4:03 pm
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Information is provided by The National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH) is part of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.
URL of this page:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001537.htm
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001537.htm
[quote]Oppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of
disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority
figures.
Causes
This disorder is more common in boys than in girls. Some studies
have shown that it affects 20% of school-age children. However,
most experts believe this figure is high due to changing
definitions of normal childhood behavior, and possible racial,
cultural, and gender biases.
This behavior typically starts by age 8, but it may start as
early as the preschool years. This disorder is thought to be
caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social
factors.
Symptoms
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To fit this diagnosis, the pattern must last for at least 6
months and must be more than normal childhood misbehavior.
The pattern of behaviors must be different from those of other
children around the same age and developmental level. The
behavior must lead to significant problems in school or social
activities.
Exams and Tests
Children with symptoms of this disorder should be evaluated by a
psychiatrist or psychologist. In children and adolescents, the
following conditions can cause similar behavior problems and
should be considered as possibilities:
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Treatment
The best treatment for the child is to talk with a mental health
professional in individual and possibly family therapy. The
parents should also learn how to manage the child's behavior.
Medications may also be helpful, especially if the behaviors
occur as part of another condition (such as depression,
childhood psychosis, or ADHD).
Outlook (Prognosis)
Some children respond well to treatment, while others do not.
Possible Complications
In many cases, children with oppositional defiant disorder grow
up to have conduct disorder as teenagers or adults. In some
cases children may grow up to haveantisocial personality
disorder.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if you have concerns about your
child's development or behavior.
Prevention
Be consistent about rules and consequences at home. Don't make
punishments too harsh or inconsistent.
Model the right behaviors for your child. Abuse and neglect
increase the chances that this condition will occur.[/quote]
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