SUBJECT: ALIEN ENCOUNTERS                                    FILE: UFO3230









                      14.THE CROP CIRCLES



         The complex and impressive crop figures which have been appearing

    in large numbers of recent years in several countries, but especially in

    southern England, are quite different from the previously reported "UFO

    nests" and other circles sometimes thought to have been produced by

    landed UFOs. In the summer of 1963, for instance, an object was seen in

    the sky over the Wiltshire village of Charlton and next day the farmer

    there discovered in his field of barley a circle from which the topsoil

    and the growing crop had both disappeared. Similar events had occurred

    in the same year at Dufton Fell in Westmorland and at Flamborough head.



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         There is no firm evidence linking any of these happenings with UFOs. The

    earliest circles heralding the current wave of cereological phenomena

    were quite different from the kind described at Charlton. Neither the

    corn nor the topsoil was removed and the crop, although laid flat in a

    uniform circular pattern, continued to ripen and was able subsequently

    to be harvested. The circles, moreover, were not precisely circular

    either, but in fact slightly elliptical, and the stalks were bent by a

    force, not broken by the weight of a physical object, except of course

    in the case of those few hoax creations made to amuse the readers of the

    tabloid press.

         Although crop circles of this new type cannot with any certainty

    be dated earlier than 1980, there are accounts of circles of an

    unspecified nature going back several centuries, but we cannot be sure



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         that these were in any way relevant to the phenomenon which is currently

    engaging the attention of so many students of the paranormal. Initially

    there must have been many who, like myself, were reluctant to accept a

    paranormal explanation while Dr.G.T.Meaden, founder of the Tornado and

    Storm Research Association, seemed able to offer a plausible explanation

    based on physical and meteorological principles. "My work," he wrote,

    "suggests that circle formation involves the descent of an energetic

    vortex of air which is ionised to the point at which it is better

    regarded as a species of low-density cool plasma producing a high-energy

    electromagnetic field." (Meaden G.T. in Noyes [ed.] 1990)

         Though it seemed for a time that this might possibly be an

    acceptable form of explanation for the actual mechanism involved, as

    symbolic figures of increasing complexity began to appear, what no



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         longer appeared tenable was Dr.Meaden's insistence that such phenomena

    were either purely natural events or hoaxes. No one, hoaxer or

    scientist, has been able to duplicate the bending of stems that occurs,

    for instance, when circles have appeared in fields of oilseed rape. The

    stems of this plant cannot be bent more than a few degrees from the

    vertical without breaking, yet a circle found in the Isle of Wight had

    stems bent at right angles.

         The question of the direct involvement of UFOs in the production

    of crop circle figures is more problematic, though it may indeed prove

    to be the case that the same intelligence is at work behind both. George

    Wingfield is a firm believer in the UFO connection, holding that "the

    subject of the Crop Circles is encompassed by four quite distinct areas

    of knowledge which often seem totally unrelated. These areas are



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         Ufology, the physical sciences, dowsing (or 'Earth Mysteries') and the

    realm of the psychic and metaphysical. I suggest," he concludes, "that

    no solution can afford to ignore any of these four area of knowledge."

    (Wingfield G. in Good [ed.] 1990) Let us therefore examine in turn the

    evidence available in each of those four areas.

         Wingfield (ibid.) is particularly impressed by certain happenings

    at Warminster and Arthur Shuttlewood's description of a perfect circle

    forming in grass there, accompanied by a high-pitched humming sound.

    (Now! - 29 August 1980) He quotes an experience involving Shuttlewood

    and an American journalist, Bryce Bond, also at Warminster, in August

    1972. Having observed a number of triangular UFOs which "did a little

    dance in the sky" and flashed back repetitions of Shuttlewood's Morse

    code signals with his electric torch, they then found that the wheat in



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         a nearby field was being crushed down counter-clockwise in a large

    triangle shape. The pair experienced tingling sensations, a sweet smell

    and an ambience of warm air. Similar anti-clockwise formations in the

    crop nearby provided a circle and an elongated cigar shape. Luminous

    shapes seen in the sky have since been found to correspond with others

    appearing later in the corn, so that Wingfield infers that "the

    depressions in the wheat were produced by just the same agency as the

    UFOs", since "during 1989 ... circles were found precisely where

    luminous objects had descended." (ibid.) It is worthy of mention that

    Farmer Carson at Alton Barnes witnessed lights shining down from the sky

    before the creation in his field of the giant pictogram there.

         Obviously we cannot be certain that any of the foregoing

    establishes the fact of UFO involvement in the circles phenomenon, yet



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         in this context we are bound to ask what would constitute certainty and

    whether there is any possibility of obtaining it. Let us therefore be

    content to accept at least provisionally the likelihood of UFO

    involvement, for while it is scarcely surprising that any untoward

    happenings in the Warminster area should be linked in people's minds

    with UFOs, it is perhaps significant that even on the Pacific coast of

    Canada they have been making the connection. Under the headline "PRAIRIE

    CROP CIRCLES BAFFLING", the Vancouver Sun of 1 October 1990 reported as

    follows:

         "More mysterious circles have turned up in Saskatchewan wheat
    fields, leaving scientists baffled by the strange markings and people
    thinking of visitors from outer space. The most recent markings,
    discovered two weeks ago near Meath Park, Sask., are attracting a steady
    flow of curious people to the fields ... 'It's more than strange that
    we've been growing grain for centuries and it has only been in the past
    three or four years these have appeared', said Herman Austenson, a
    professor of crop sciences at the University of Saskatchewan.
         "Clarence Brule, who discovered the Meath Park circles, and

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         Austenson aren't buying explanations that the circles are the work of
    pranksters or weird weather patterns ... the circles are considerably
    larger - but of a similar nature - to one found by farmer Mike Shawaga
    about two weeks ago near Alvena, 30 kilometres northeast of Saskatoon.
    And in late August, a farmer about 180 kilometres northwest of Saskatoon
    discovered a series of neat, symmetrical patterns in his field. One set
    of three concentric circles was about 18 metres across, with two
    two-metre circles nearby. There were no tracks leading from the circles
    and there were no depressions in the earth ..."

         A circle appeared in long grass at Gulf Breeze in 1989, and in the

    previous year a Marlborough woman reported a UFO near Avebury shining

    down a light beam upon a field near Silbury Hill where two pairs of

    quincunx (5-circle) sets subsequently appeared. In the same area a local

    man is said to have seen a luminous orange sphere descend into a field,

    bounce and then vanish. UFO sightings were reported in 1990 prior to the

    appearance of circles at Bickington in Devon, also at Hopton in Norfolk,

    and when the more structured patterns of circles such as triplets and



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         quincunxes began to appear, people were struck by their similarity to

    recorded aerial formations of UFOs. Such coincidences all tended to

    reinforce the suggestion that there might be some connection between the

    two classes of phenomena.

         The appearance of the 1990 pictograms virtually demolished the

    plasma vortex theory as an explanation which characterised the figures

    as random products of the normal working of established physical laws.

    The forces, whether atmospheric or electrical, acting physically upon

    the crops showed in their complex construction of these aesthetically

    appealing artefacts indisputable evidence of directed intentionality; no

    one could any longer rationally suppose them to have occurred

    accidentally, for the agencies which laid low the corn revealed the

    artistry of the intelligence they served.



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         An interesting comment on the relevance of the physical sciences

    to any intimate understanding of the crop circles' reality was received

    by the Circles Phenomenon Research (CPR) group, after eight days of

    observation with TV cameras and infra- red facilities during Project

    White Crow in June 1989 had signally failed to achieve their objective

    of recording the formation of a circle. An anonymous piece of doggerel

    received by the project organiser, Colin Andrews, on its final day

    contained the lines:

         "Your machines you have set up,
         Whate'er they cost is not enough.
         The human mind is what you need.
         To me you can't see wood for trees ..."


         The full excerpt, quoted by George Wingfield (in Good T.[ed.]

    1990), is believed to have been part of a "channelled" communication



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         received by a group in Rochdale, Lancashire; which is quite near the

    celebrated witch country of Pendle. We shall return to further

    consideration of this missive later, merely noting for the moment its

    injunction not to suppose that "machines" will solve the enigma of the

    circles.

         It was Alfred Watkins whose re-discovery of the old straight paths

    now generally known as lines of ley energy made possible the post- World

    War II movement inaugurated by Tony Wedd and Aime Michel: the latter's

    concept of orthoteny sought to establish a connection between UFOs and

    leys, while the energy patterns around neolithic structures ensured that

    such power centres as Avebury and Stonehenge, under whose aegis crop

    circles have frequently appeared, have been extensively studied.

    Whatever sceptics may say, anyone who is willing to devote a little



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         effort to the venture can assure himself of the reality of ley lines.

    Working with the Surrey Earth Mysteries Group, I have done so myself,

    though I claim no great expertise in the dowser's art. Once a circle or

    pictogram has been established, even though the corn has since been

    reaped, patterns of force on the site correlated with the structure of

    the former figure can be detected by dowsing and it seems that this

    force which remains derives from that which originally created the

    figure.

         There exist a number of witness accounts of circle creation, such

    as that of the naturalist Sandy Reid of Duntroon Hill, Dundee, who

    claimed that in the early hours of an August morning in 1989 the dawn

    chorus of birdsong suddenly ceased (the Cone of Silence or Oz effect,

    projected from an invisible UFO?). In the ensuing quiet Sandy said he



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         heard the heads of corn in a nearby field rattling together as their

    stalks swayed in response to invisible forces. There was no wind, only

    the deeply felt sense of a Presence, as the corn suddenly went down in a

    circle some thirty feet in diameter. After about three weeks, Sandy

    allegedly became aware of a strange, high-pitched whirring noise not

    unlike that made by summer crickets in the sun-baked grasses of the

    French Midi. This seems to resemble the "trilling" sound heard by

    members of the White Crow project, described as an "electrostatic

    chattering" of variable frequency, peaking at 5.2 Khz.

         Richard Andrews, an experienced dowser, has described (in Noyes

    [ed.] 1990) how distinct lines of force can be identified in all circles

    and pictograms; for example, he shows how the intersection of two

    four-line leys produced the quartered pattern of the famous Winterbourne



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         Stoke swastika figure, which incidentally represents the positive male

    version of that figure and not the one used as Nazi insignia. Andrews

    also shows how the force lines of a group of figures appear to possess

    intangible interconnections so that "each circle configuration, or group

    of them, will have the same dowsable pattern as any other one of the

    same grouping, and if one pattern changes, they all change." (ibid.) He

    describes too how animals show by their behaviour an awareness of the

    force fields and nodal points of the ambient ley system.

         George Wingfield (in Good T.[ed.] 1990) describes how the witness

    to the landing of the luminous orange sphere near Silbury Hill  on 29

    June 1989 reported that it produced for him the subjective experience of

    everything moving in slow motion. This effect of time expansion in the

    normal world, with its corollary of corresponding compression in the UFO



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         reality, suggests that he was looking into his native reality from the

    standpoint of the UFO, a rare experience. Though the witness, whose

    request for anonymity has been respected, may well have been unaware of

    it, it seems likely that he was briefly enfolded by a different temporal

    dimension, since when he is said to have undergone a marked personality

    change. "Ideas and answers to all sorts of problems come into his head

    and he now spends much of his time recording these unexpected

    inspirations".

         In view of this psychic aspect of cereophanic experience, it is

    not surprising that the circle-hunting White Crow team, aware of claims

    by various psychics to have received "channelled" messages from entities

    identifying themselves as Watchers, Elohim and the like, should have

    included in their group the medium Rita Goold, since some of the



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         channelled messages had been thought mildly prophetic. She doubtless

    shared the group's disappointment that they had nothing to show for

    eight tedious days of circular vigils, so that when the Rochdale

    communication, clearly purporting to be from the circle makers and

    marked "Read before Saturday" arrived, she joined in the final watch.

    The doggerel verses had contained the lines:

         "In your hands you have the key
         To talk to us, we are so free.
         One soul is there, they have signed in
         Who has the mind to link within ...
         And I will tell you what to do.
         Get this mind and sit around
         In quiet of dark upon the ground,
         Listen hard for every sound.
         Not white of bird? But us around..."


         Wingfield and his companions naturally assumed that the "one soul"

    who could provide the link was Rita Goold, who therefore made one of the


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         six who went to sit in the large Cheesefoot circle just after midnight,

    to attempt a contact with whatever agencies created the circle. It

    seems, however, that she was not the only psychic present, nor yet the

    one the unknown communicators had chosen. They apparently manifested

    themselves as a "trilling" sound, like that claimed to have been heard

    some weeks later by Sandy Reid. Rita attempted to communicate with the

    entities, but without success, though all present had the impression

    that something living, intelligent and non-hostile was with them. It now

    seems likely that the "one soul" referred to was a member of the team

    named Ron Jones who, having heard the strange trilling sound as he

    walked up the hill, saw the six figures in the moonlit circle and above

    it the vision of a "luminous object shaped like a pair of horns."

    Whether the symbol related to goat-footed Pan or to the witch god



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         Cernunnos one can only speculate, for when two more researchers arrived

    the trilling moved away from the perimeter of the circle. Wingfield had

    "felt that whatever was there in the corn was on the point of making

    itself known to us. But the moment had gone". (ibid.)

         Exactly one week later the powers - elemental air entities? - that

    had given Ron his vision over the cornfield identified themselves to him

    by their trilling noise as he lay in bed at his house near Andover, and

    suddenly transported him, he claimed, in full consciousness to that

    field at Cheesefoot Head to show him horizontal bands of light rotating

    busily up and down in the corn. Moments later the experience, presumably

    of astral travel or an OBE, ended and he found himself back in his own

    bed. Next day it was seen that a new circle had indeed appeared at the

    very spot where he had observed the luminous bands at work.



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         It is reasonable enough to assume that the agencies responsible

    for the physical production of the crop circles and pictograms are in

    fact the air elementals, whom for obvious reasons one wishes to avoid

    calling fairies or even sylphs, both words having suffered badly in

    recent times from semantic contamination. But agents are, by definition,

    acting on behalf of another and not the originators of the meaning of

    the symbols they create, or even necessarily aware of it. Sylphs may

    produce the pictograms, but who or what tells them what kind of

    pictograms to create?

          John Michell takes the messages in the corn very seriously. "The

    impression grows," he writes, "that something is being deliberately

    pointed out. It is something which seems to have become urgent around

    1980, though with traces from before that date. Its symbols have been



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         repeated with growing emphasis and elaboration ever since." (in Noyes

    R.[ed.] 1990)

         In Shakespeare's last play the elemental spirit Ariel was bound to

    serve the magician Prospero, and accomplished swiftly the various tasks

    he was given. Borrowing the mathematician's trick of giving to unknowns

    a local habitation and a name, I propose to let Ariel stand for those

    forces which actually create the crop figures and Prospero for the

    hidden intelligence which decrees their shape and hence their symbolism.

         Ariel seems to be in touch with human consciousness and the

    possessor of a subtle sense of humour. It was surely he who, overhearing

    Busty Taylor's unspoken wish for a Celtic cross symbol, obligingly

    produced one; who refuted the suggestion that circles are formed by

    helicopter down draught with a new formation precisely located



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         immediately beneath electric power lines, and disposed of Dr. Meaden's

    rash generalisation about the directions of corn swirling by promptly

    producing an example to disprove it. Perhaps it was his mercurial whim

    to send the channelled doggerel to the Rochdale group and puzzle with

    his trilling the six seekers in the Cheesefoot circle. He is such an

    engaging fellow that he has been for far too long the centre of

    attention, causing people to divert their thoughts to how he works his

    minor miracles, instead of first asking why.

         A work of art can be its own justification, and certainly the

    cereologists have been duly appreciative of the aesthetic content of the

    pictograms. Prospero is undoubtedly an artist, but can it all be just a

    matter of art for art's sake? From the initial simplicity of the single

    circle to the convoluted complexity of the latest manifestations, the



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         major designs all participate in a unity imposed by underlying

    metaphysical themes. The symbols have the nature of mandalas, the

    contemplation of which is held by many to be an aid to spiritual

    development. The single circle, from which all subsequent patterns seem

    to have flowed, is itself a symbol of infinity and much else besides,

    while some later pictograms can be ingeniously related to the

    archetypes, those structural components of the collective unconscious

    which form the foundations of Jung's psychology.

         Some symbols offer an obvious interpretation: the Christian

    crucifix, the Celtic cross and the swastika have readily available

    exoteric meanings, while the quincunx symbolised for Jung the five

    essential elements of consciousness. The archaeologist Michael Green,

    founder and chairman of the Centre for Crop Circle Studies, identifies



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         pictograms referring to planetary ideograms for days of the week and

    writes that: "The new class of phenomena represent, in my view, certain

    cosmic principles of the Ancient Wisdom which was implanted in the

    matrix of human consciousness millennia ago and were recorded by glyph

    and symbol." (in Noyes R.[ed.] 1990) He has also suggested that the

    glyphs of certain crop formations "appear to be related to Senzar, the

    ancient sacerdotal language of Atlantis". (in Bartholomew A. [ed.] 1991)

    According to H.P.Blavatsky, this was a language "known to the initiates

    of every nation", but which is unfortunately inaccessible. The

    mathematics of the Ickleton Mandelbrot and the remarkable geometry of

    the Barbury Castle pictogram, however, address the modern mind more

    directly and effectively refute their attribution to the mindless forces

    of chance, though the hoped for apocalypse remains still unmanifest.



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         There are two quite separate questions arising from the increasing

    proliferation and complexity of crop field phenomena, namely the

    physical and the semantic, and it is a mistake to suppose that a

    solution to the first will necessarily provide the answer to the second.

    Certainly Dr. Terence Meaden and those who associate themselves with his

    line of research are to be congratulated on their willingness to risk

    the disapproval of more orthodox colleagues by their advocacy of the

    unproven plasma vortex hypothesis, despite the successive and ultimately

    incredible convolutions their paradigm has been forced to undergo in

    order to maintain the view that all crop field phenomena are of purely

    natural origin and the result of the normal operation of physical laws.

    A scientist driven to denouncing as hoaxes all examples for which his

    theory cannot account is clearly involved with a hypothesis at the end



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         of its tether.

         On the mythical island of Shakespeare's last play, one recalls

    that paranormal occurrences were brought about by the spirit Ariel at

    the behest of his magician master Prospero. The playwright neglected to

    tell us whether Ariel's exploits were achieved, let us say, by

    concentrations of static electricity or even of Reichian orgone energy;

    he offered no explanation because he found the question irrelevant:

    magic existed and could be taken for granted. Now Ariel is certainly an

    engaging fellow and no doubt he has had his fun with cereologists. It is

    time, however, to forget about him for a while and ask instead what his

    master is up to. For those like the plasma vorticists, who deny the

    evidence of directed intentionality in the progressive development of

    crop phenomena from simple circles through multi-structured pictograms



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         to the marvellous complexities of the Barbury and Ickleton creations,

    the question is of course mere nonsense. For them neither Prospero the

    designer nor Ariel the executant can exist, and whatever cannot be

    ascribed to the blind actions of chance forces must result from the

    childish operations of Bill and Ben the hoaxing men.

         It is not, however, just the plasma vorticists who see only what

    they wish to find in the cereal statements with which successive summers

    have bestrewn our fields. Astrologers find portents and occultists

    symbols unheard of by any but specialists in the histories of long-dead

    and pre-literate Celtic cults. If Prospero were really sending such

    messages for our enlightenment, could he not have spoken more plainly,

    or was he just teasing us? Hopi Indians confronted with the corn symbols

    hint darkly at the revenge affronted nature will exact now that the



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         buffalo hunt and the scalping sortie are no more, and have found an

    advocate in Colin Andrews. Green parties and New Age groupies, agog to

    welcome the dawning of the Aquarian age none of them will ever see,

    concur.  Everyone finds different meaning in the pictograms and possibly

    Prospero intended that they should thus bestir their brains. Ariel,

    meanwhile, like his alter ego Puck, looks on and laughs to see logic so

    confounded - "Lord, what fools these mortals be!"

         Yet if we can restrain our personal preferences and desires so as

    to look calmly and objectively at the evidence we possess, it requires a

    specially dogged kind of obtuseness to maintain that the crop field

    phenomena are not manifestations of an intelligence, and no ordinary one

    at that. Many pictograms, in their line and symmetry, are quite simply

    beautiful and have propitious atmospheres felt by all but the least



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         sensitive. Prospero is more than mere abstract intelligence - he is also

    an artist whose works are their own justification, requiring no pedantic

    exposition or dubious attribution for their enjoyment. They appeal

    directly, especially when seen in totality from an aerial viewpoint;

    many can be appreciated only from above, as is the case with many of the

    surviving artefacts of the ancient world. There is also a fascination in

    observing that this technical mastery of the medium was not an instant

    achievement, springing in perfection like Minerva from the head of Jove.

    Over the years we can see the record of Ariel's prentice attempts to

    embody his master's designs, misshapen and grapeshot bespattered,

    ripening subsequently into the full glory of realised intent. This does

    not strike us as the work of a god, for gods surely should be capable of

    instant perfection in their works: we can postulate a great designer and



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         a superb technician without the need to endow either with divinity.

         At the end of the 1991 season of crop formations, five weeks and

    some eighty miles separated the two most remarkable pictograms yet

    created, the Barbury Castle figure of July 17th and the Ickleton

    Mandelbrot of August 12th, each quite different in kind from any of

    their predecessors. It seemed as if Prospero, not only an artist but a

    mathematician too, had decided to leave cereologists something to think

    about during the bare months of winter instead of merely befuddling

    their brains in the smoke-filled back room of a Beckhampton hostelry,

    for both figures possessed an undeniable intellectual content and their

    proximity in time and space could suggest also a semantic link, if only

    one of contrast. Each was also situated near an ancient trackway,

    potentially a physical locus for the mental journey through the



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         dimensions from Barbury to Ickleton.

         The Barbury Castle figure is a geometrical demonstration of static

    linear relationships between real numbers in two dimensions, while the

    Mandelbrot set represented at Ickleton is a dynamic algebraic derivation

    of non-linear relationships between a set of complex numbers in a

    fractional dimension. Barbury typifies the stasis of an established

    classical order, but the Mandelbrot depicts a dissolution of that order

    into apparent chaos which can resolve through the Feigenbaum sequence of

    bifurcations into a further order.

         The set is said to be the most complex object in mathematics. "An

    eternity," says James Gleick (1988), "would not be enough time to see it

    all, its disks studded with prickly thorns, its spirals and filaments

    curling outward and around, bearing bulbous molecules that hang,



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         infinitely variegated, like grapes on God's personal vine." Though

    complicated beyond the possibility of full description, this remarkable

    object, which the cornfield pictogram could of course only symbolise,

    can yet be generated by just a few lines of computer program - infinite

    complexity generated from iterations of initial simplicity. It is known

    that the figure appeared in the corn field overnight, and any who

    believe this to be a hoax must be prepared to repeat it under identical

    controlled conditions if they expect their claim to receive any kind of

    serious consideration.

         George Wingfield (in Bartholomew (ed.) 1991) sees Chaos Theory as

    "an indication that even within chaos there is a natural order which

    permeates both the natural order and the world of consciousness." Not

    so, for there can by definition be no order in chaos. What fractals can,



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         however, demonstrate is the breakdown of one order into total chaos

    within which a new order than evolves, so that chaos is no more; but

    this does not justify the assumption that the Ickleton figure is

    modelling a process where social systems break down into a chaos from

    which a new order and a new age emerge, though it might perhaps not be

    wholly unreasonable to suppose the Mandelbrot may point up a new

    approach to problems of turbulence, social and physical.

         John Michell ("The Cerealogist", No. 4) finds "a world of

    symbolism" in the Barbury Castle pictogram, and it is inevitable that

    meaning will be sought for such phenomena. Observing that the area of

    the central circle is the sum of the three surrounding it, Michell

    claims that "it demonstrates the principle of Three in One"; does he

    therefore mean that it asserts the validity of the Christian or even the



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         Hindu trinity? If so, we have clearly moved from fact to speculation.

    Similarly, the total area of all four circles is said to be 31,680

    square feet, a number apparently significant in ancient cosmology,

    theology and temple architecture. So is the figure a historical

    referent, an embodiment of geometric universality or both?

         Everyone seeking meaning in cereological phenomena naturally does

    so in terms of his own ideological bias, so that we have plasma

    vortices, pre-literate Celtic symbology, Christian numerology and

    astrologically based prophecies of the new Aquarian age, to name but a

    few. Though no one can disprove the validity of any, it would perhaps be

    wiser to confine hypothesising to that area where there is most common

    ground between theorists. This can be expressed by two propositions.

    First, that pictograms show evidence of directed intentionality and



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         cannot feasibly be ascribed to the random operations of physical forces:

    and second, that this intentionality infers the operation of an

    intelligence at present unspecifiable.

         For several years Ariel has teased the proponents of vortex theory

    by producing instances to disprove each modification of their basic

    hypothesis and perhaps Prospero has been willing enough to indulge his

    fun-loving familiar for the sake of the interest created by his antics.

    Then suddenly comes the more serious business. No more insectograms or

    curlymen, but instead the sparse Euclidean logic of the Barbury figure.

    Prospero has perhaps some means of monitoring human response to his

    cereal statement, but finds it regressive and medieval, not the effect

    expected, for the geometry of the past is to be subsumed into the

    Mandelbrot algebra of the future. Ariel is given five weeks to prepare



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         the cereological manifestation of the ultimate masterpiece. The

    aesthetics of his previous creations have already established Prospero

    as an artist, who now appears also as a mathematician at or beyond the

    state of the art. Will a further revelation take us into the realms of

    relativity and quantum mechanics or is this to be, as hoaxers have

    claimed, the end of the line for cereology?

         The meaning of the Mandelbrot figure is complete in itself, a

    testimony to mathematical truth derived from the infinite plane of

    complex numbers, just as the Barbury figure may also witness to other

    truths, without either necessarily being hortatory or prophetic.

    Innovatory arts and sciences bear inevitable reference to the character

    of their begetters; about whom, then, do the corn figures at their most

    majestic speak? Can we from them hesitantly infer an identity for



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         Prospero, some secret barely glimpsed at the heart of the labyrinth?

         Corn, let it be remembered, is indisputably a plant which can have

    had no natural origin. It can only have been created by genetic

    manipulation and was said to be in this form a gift to men from the

    ancient astronauts, the nephilim who came down to earth from above as

    the biblical book of Genesis records. Nor was it only corn that,

    according to the ancient Sumerian writings, was created by those coming

    from above. Baked into tablets of hardened mud, their cuneiform

    inscriptions  recorded how Enki, to them a god, created the race of Adam

    by artificial insemination, using his own sperm to fertilise the egg of

    an African hominid. (Sitchin 1976). This seldom heard story was probably

    unknown to the late Professor Allan Wilson, the biochemist whose work on

    mitochondrial DNA led him to assert that the human race is descended



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         from a single female ancestor who lived in Africa more than a hundred

    thousand years ago. Nevertheless, his research seems to corroborate the

    ancient Sumerian and Akkadian records, which claimed to embody what

    their astronaut "gods" had told them. According to Michael Green (1991),

    the agriglyphs traced in the August corn on Milk Hill near Stanton St.

    Bernard in 1991 set forth the name of the Sumerian "god" Enki, together

    with his Egyptian name of Ptah. Are then the ancient astronauts using

    the medium of corn, their original gift to post-diluvian man, to remind

    him of their continuing interest in the planet they populated?

         We may not easily approach much nearer to Prospero, whatever his

    true name may be, but speculation about Ariel and his works will

    obviously continue. Does he perhaps drive a UFO? At Alton Barnes, for

    instance, Farmer Carson bore witness that the appearance of each giant



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         pictogram was preceded by lights shining down from the sky, and there

    have been similar testimonies from other sites. Small spherical flying

    objects among the corn have been recorded on videotape; they resemble

    the "spy UFO" similarly recorded when flying alongside Concorde some

    years ago. Perhaps, as has sometimes been suggested, the pictograms are

    simply a development from the UFO phenomenon, each having a common

    origin and the shared intention of awakening in the consciousness of

    mankind a renewed awareness that the universe is not wholly revealed to

    us in the fullness of its reality by the narrow perceptions given us

    through our five senses. Individually ephemeral but collectively of

    significance, the pictograms may yet be the medium for a message still

    to be revealed.

          The most radical hypothesis, however, still awaits exploration.



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         It asks whether any of the phenomena embraced by the twin disciplines of

    ufology and cereology can reasonably be ascribed to the continuing

    activities of those ancient astronauts recorded in the Sumerian and

    Akkadian chronicles as the creators and overseers of humanity on this

    planet.











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