SUBJECT: THE CONTROLLERS                                     FILE: UFO2066




                              THE CONTROLLERS:
                    A New Hypothesis of Alien Abduction

                                     by
                               Martin Cannon


                              I. Introduction

  One wag has dubbed the problem "Terra and the Pirates."
  The pirates, ostensibly, are marauders from another solar system; their
victims include a growing number of troubled human beings who insist that
they've been shanghaied by these otherworldly visitors.  An outlandish
scenario -- yet through the works of such authors as Budd Hopkins[1] and
Whitley Strieber[2], the "alien abduction" syndrome has seized the public
imagination.  Indeed, tales of UFO contact threaten to lapse into fashion-
ability, even though, as I have elsewhere noted[3], they may still inflict a
formidable social price upon the claimant.
  Some time ago, I began to research these claims, concentrating my studies
on the social and political environment surrounding these events.  As I
studied, the project grew and its scope widened.  Indeed, I began to feel as
though I'd gone digging through familiar terrain only to unearth Gomorrah.
  These excavations may have disgorged a solution.


THE PROBLEM

  Among ufologists, the term "abduction" has come to refer to an
infinitely-confounding experience, or matrix of experiences, shared by a
dizzying number of individuals, who claim that travellers from the stars
have scooped them out of their beds, or snatched them from their cars, and
subjected them to interrogations, quasi-medical examinations, and
"instruction" periods.   Usually, these sessions are said to occur within
alien spacecraft; frequently, the stories include terrifying details
reminiscent of the tortures inflicted   in Germany's death camps.  The
abductees often (though not always) lose all memory of these events;  they
find themselves back in their cars or beds, unable to account for hours of
"missing time."  Hypnosis, or some other trigger, can bring back these
haunted hours in an explosion of recollection -- and as the smoke clears,
an abductee will often spot a trail of similar experiences, stretching all
the way back to childhood.
  Perhaps the oddest fact of these odd tales: Many abductees, for all their
vividly-recollected agonies, claim to love their alien tormentors.  That's
the word I've heard repeatedly: love.
  Within the community of "scientific ufologists" -- those lonely, all-too
little-heard advocates of reasonable and open-minded debate on matters
saucerological -- these claims have elicited cautious interest and a
commend-able restraint from conclusion-hopping.  Outside the higher realms
of scientific ufology, the situation is, alas, quite different.  In the
popular press, in both the "straight" and sensationalist media, within that
journalistic realm where issues are defined and public opinion solidified
(despite a frequently superficial approach to matters of evidence and
investigation) abduction scenarios have elicited two basic reactions: that
of the Believer and the Skeptic.
  The Believers -- and here we should note that "Believers" and "abductees"
are two groups whose memberships overlap but are in no way congruent --
accept such stories at face value.  They accept, despite the seeming
absurdity of these tales, the internal contradictions, the askew logic of
narrative construction, the severe discontinuity of emotional response to
the actions described.  The Believers believe, despite reports that their
beloved "space brothers" use vile and inhuman tactics of medical
examination -- senseless procedures most of us (and certainly the vanguard
of an advanced race) would be ashamed to inflict on an animal.  The
Believers believe, despite the difficulty of reconciling these unsettling
tales with their own deliriums of benevolent off-worlders.
  Occasionally, the rough notes of a rationalization are offered:  "The
aliens don't know what they are doing," we hear; or "Some aliens are bad."
Yet the Believers confound their own reasoning when they insist on ascribing
the wisdom of the ages and the beneficence of the angels to their beloved
visitors.  The aliens allegedly know enough about our society to go about
their business undetected by the local authorities and the general public;
they communicate with the abductees in human tongue; they concern themselves
with details of the percipients' innermost lives -- yet they remain so
ignorant of our culture as to be unaware of the basic moral precepts
concerning the dignity of the individual and the right to
self-determination.  Such dichotomies don't bother the Believers; they are
the faithful, and faith is assumed to have its mysteries.  SANCTA
SIMPLICITAS.
  Conversely, the Skeptics dismiss these stories out of hand.  They
dismiss, despite the intriguing confirmatory details: the multiple witness
events, the physical traces left by the ufonauts, the scars and implants
left on the abductees.  The skeptics scoff, though the abductees tell
stories similar in detail -- even certain tiny details, not known to the
general public.
  Philip Klass is a debunker who, through his appearances on such
television programs as NOVA and NIGHTLINE, has been in a position to affect
much of the public debate on UFOs.  In his interesting but
poorly-documented work on abductions[4], Klass claims that "abduction" is a
psychological disease, spread by those who write about it.  This argument
exactly resembles the professional press-basher's frequent assertion that
terrorism metastasizes through media exposure.  Yet for all the millions of
words expectorated by newsfolk on the subject of terrorism, terrorist
actions remain quite rare, as any statistician (though few politicians)
will admit, and verifiable linkage between crimes and their coverage
remains to be found.  For that matter, there have been books --
bestsellers, even -- on unicorns and gnomes.  People who claim to see those
creatures are few.  Abductees are plentiful.
  Both Believer and Skeptic, in my opinion, miss the real story.  Both make
the same mistake:  They connect the abduction phenomenon to the forty-year
history of UFO sightings, and they apply their prejudices about the latter
to the controversy about the former.
  At first sight, the link seems natural.  Shouldn't our thoughts about
UFOs color our thoughts about UFO abductions?
  NO.
  They may well be separate issues.  Or, rather, they are connected only
in this:  The myth of the UFO has provided an effective cover story for an
entirely different sort of mystery.  Remove yourself from the
Believer/Skeptic dialectic, and you will see the third alternative.
  As we examine this alternative, we will, of necessity, stray far from the
saucers.  We must turn our face from the paranormal and concentrate on the
occult -- if, by "occult," we mean SECRET.
  I posit that the abductees HAVE been abducted.  Yet they are also spewing
fantasy -- or, more precisely, they have been given a set of lies to repeat
and believe.  If my hypothesis proves true, then we must accept the
following: The kidnapping is real.  The fear is real.  The pain is real.
The instruction is real.  But the little grey men from Zeti Reticuli are
NOT real; they are constructs, Halloween masks meant to disguise the real
faces of the con-trollers.  The abductors may not be visitors from Beyond;
rather, they may be a symptom of the carcinoma which blackens our body
politic.
  The fault lies not in our stars, but in ourselves.


THE HYPOTHESIS

  Substantial evidence exists linking members of this country's
intelligence community (including the Central Intelligence Agency, the
Defense Advanvced Research Projects Agency, and the Office of Naval
Intelligence) with the esoteric technology of MIND CONTROL.  For decades,
"spy-chiatrists" working behind the scenes -- on college campuses, in
CIA-sponsored institutes, and (most heinously) in prisons -- have
experimented with the erasure of memory, hypnotic resistance to torture,
truth serums, post-hypnotic suggestion, rapid induction of hypnosis,
electronic stimulation of the brain, non-ionizing radiation, microwave
induction of intracerebral "voices," and a host of even more disturbing
technologies.  Some of the projects exploring these areas were ARTICHOKE,
BLUEBIRD, PANDORA, MKDELTA, MKSEARCH and the infamous MKULTRA.
  I have read nearly every available book on these projects, as well as the
relevant congressional testimony[5].  I have also spent much time in
university libraries researching relevant articles, contacting other
researchers (who have graciously allowed me access to their files), and
conducting interviews.   Moreover, I traveled to Washington, DC to review
the files John Marks compiled when he wrote THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN
CANDIDATE"[6].  These files include some 20,000 pages of CIA and Defense
Department documents, interviews, scientific articles, letters, etc.  The
views presented here are the result of extensive and ongoing research.
  As a result of this research, I have come to the following conclusions:
  1.  Although misleading (and occasionally perjured) testimony before
Congress indicated that the CIA's "brainwashing" efforts met with little
success[7], striking advances were, in fact, made in this field.  As CIA
veteran Miles Copeland once admitted to a reporter, "The congressional
subcommittee which went into this sort of thing got only the barest
glimpse." [8]
  2.  Clandestine research into thought manipulation has NOT stopped,
despite CIA protestations that it no longer sponsors such studies.  Victor
Marchetti, 14-year veteran of the CIA and author of the renown expose, THE
CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE, confirmed in a 1977 interview that the
mind control research continues, and that CIA claims to the contrary are a
"cover story."[9]
  3.  The Central Intelligence Agency was not the only government agency
involved in this research[10].  Indeed, many branches of our government took
part in these studies -- including NASA, the Atomic Energy Commission, as
well as all branches of the Defense Department.
  To these conclusions I would append the following -- NOT as firmly-
established historical fact, but as a working hypothesis and grounds for
investigation:
  4.  The "UFO abduction" phenomenon MIGHT be a continuation of clandestine
mind control operations.
  I recognize the difficulties this thesis might present to those readers
emotionally wedded to the extraterrestrial hypothesis, or to those whose
political WELTANSHAUUNG disallows any such suspicions.  Still, the open-
minded student of abductions should consider the possibilities.  Certainly,
we are not being narrow-minded if we ask researchers to exhaust ALL
terrestrial explanations before looking heavenward.
  Granted, this particular explanation may, at first, seem as bizarre as
the phenomenon itself.  But I invite the skeptical reader to examine the
work of George Estabrooks, a seminal theorist on the use of hypnosis in
warfare, and a veteran of Project MKULTRA.  Estabrooks once amused himself
during a party by covertly hypnotizing two friends, who were led to believe
that the Prime Minister of England had just arrived; Estabrooks' victims
spent an hour conversing with, and even serving drinks to, the esteemed
visitor[11].  For ufologists, this incident raises an inescapable question:
If the Mesmeric arts can successfully evoke a non-existent Prime Minister,
why can't a represent-ative from the Pleiades be similarly induced?
  But there is much more to the present day technology of mind control than
mere hypnosis -- and many good reasons to suspect that UFO abduction
accounts are an artifact of continuing brainwashing/behavior modification
experiments.
Moreover, I intend to demonstrate that, by using UFO mythology as a cover
story, the experimenters may have solved the major problem with the work
conducted in the 1950s -- "the disposal problem," i.e., the question of
"What do we do with the victims?"
  If, in these pages, I seem to stray from the subject of the saucers, I
plead for patience.  Before I attempt to link UFO abductions with mind
control experiments, I must first show that this technology EXISTS.  Much
of the forthcoming is an introduction to the topic of mind control -- what
it is, and how it works.

                             II. The Technology

A BRIEF OVERVIEW

  In the early days of World War II, George Estabrooks, of Colgate
University, wrote to the Department of War, describing in breathless terms
the possible uses of hypnosis in warfare[12].  The Army was intrigued;
Estabrooks had a job.  The true history of Estabrooks' wartime
collaboration with the CID, FBI[13] and other agencies may never be told:
After the war, he burned his diary pages covering the years 1940-45, and
thereafter avoided discussing his continuing government work with anyone,
even close members of the family[14].  Occasionally, he strongly intimated
that his work involved the creation of hypno-programmed couriers and
hypnotically-induced split personalities, but whether he succeeded in these
areas remains a controversial point.    Neverthe-less, the eccentric and
flamboyant Estabrooks remains a pivotal figure in the early history of
clandestine behavioral research.
  Which is not to say that he worked alone.  World War II was the first
conflict in which the human brain became a field of battle, where invading
forces were led by the most notable names in psychology and pharmacology.
On both sides, the war spurred furious efforts to create a "truth drug" for
use in interrogating prisoners.  General William "Wild Bill" Donovan,
director of the OSS, tasked his crack team -- including Dr. Winifred
Overhulser, Dr.Edward Strecker, Harry J. Anslinger and George White -- to
modify human perception and behavior through chemical means; their
"medicine cabinet" included scopolamine, peyote, barbiturates, mescaline,
and marijuana.  (This research had its amusing side: Donovan's "psychic
warriors" conducted many extensive and expensive trials before deciding
that the best method of administering tetrahydrocannibinol, the active
ingredient in marijuana, was via the cigarette.  Any jazz musician could
have told them as much[15].)
  Simultaneously, the notorious NAZI doctors at Dachau experimented with
mescaline as a means of eliminating the victim's will to resist.  Jews,
slavs, gypsies, and other "Untermenschen" in the camp were surreptitiously
slipped the drug; later, mescaline was combined with hypnosis[16].  The
results of these tests were made available to the United States after the
War.  [cf. Operation PAPERCLIP, which transferred thousands of German and
Japanese intelligence researchers directly into the U.S. intelligence
community.  "Our Germans are BETTER than their Germans!" - DR. STRANGELOVE
-jpg]
  In 1947, the Navy conducted the first known post-war mind control
program, Project CHAPTER, which continued the drug experiments.  Decades
later, journalists and investigators still haven't uncovered much
information about this project -- or, indeed, about any of the military's
other excursions into this field.  We know that the Army eventually founded
operations THIRD CHANCE and DERBY HAT; other project names remain
mysterious, though the existence of these programs is unquestionable.  [?
-jpg]
  The newly-formed CIA plunged into this cesspool in 1950, with Project
BLUEBIRD, rechristened ARTICHOKE in 1951.  To establish a "cover story" for
this research, the CIA funded a propaganda effort designed to convince the
world that the Communist Bloc had devised insidious new methods of
re-shaping the human will; the CIA's own efforts could therefore, if
exposed, be explained as an attempt to "catch up" with Soviet and Chinese
work.  The primary promoter of this "line" was one Edward Hunter, a CIA
contract employee operating under-cover as a journalist, and, later, a
prominent member of the John Birch society.  (Hunter was an OSS veteran of
the China theatre -- the same spawning grounds which produced Richard
Helms, Howard Hunt, Mitch WerBell, Fred Chrisman, Paul Helliwell and a host
of other noteworthies who came to dominate that strange land where the
worlds of intelligence and right-wing extremism meet[17].)  Hunter offered
"brainwashing" as the explanation for the numerous confessions signed by
American prisoners of war during the Korean War and (generally) UN-recanted
upon the prisoners' repatriation.  These confes-sions alleged that the
United States used germ warfare in the Korean conflict, a claim which the
American public of the time found impossible to accept.  [Lee Harvey
Oswald, acting alone, murdered President Kennedy.  -jpg]  Many years later,
however, investigative reporters discovered that Japan's germ warfare
specialists (who had wreaked incalculable terror on the conquered Chinese
during WWII) had been mustered into the American national security
apparat -- and that the knowledge gleaned from Japan's horrifying germ
warfare experiments probably WAS used in Korea, just as the "brainwashed"
soldiers had indicated[18].  Thus, we now know that the entire brainwashing
scare of the 1950s constituted a CIA hoax perpetrated upon the American
public: CIA deputy director Richard Helms admitted as much when, in 1963,
he told the Warren Commission that Soviet mind control research consistently
lagged years behind American efforts[19].
  When the CIA's mind control program was transferred from the Office of
Security to the Technical Services Staff (TSS) in 1953, the name changed
again -- to MKULTRA[20].  Many consider this wide-ranging "octopus" project
-- whose tentacles twined through the corridors of numerous universities
and around the necks of an army of scientists -- the most ominous operation
in CIA's catalogue of atrocity.  Through MKULTRA, the Agency created an
umbrella program of a positively Joycean scope, designed to ferret out all
possible means of invading what George Orwell once called "the space
between our ears" (Later still, in 1962, mind control research was
transferred to the Office of Research and Development; project cryptonyms
remain unrevealed[21].)
  What was studied?  Everything -- including hypnosis, conditioning,
sensory deprivation, drugs, religious cults, microwaves, psychosurgery,
brain implants, and even ESP.  When MKULTRA "leaked" to the public during
the great CIA investigations of the 1970s, public attention focused most
heavily on drug experimentation and the work with ESP[22].  Mystery still
shrouds another area of study, the area which seems to have most interested
ORD:   psychoelectronics.
This research may prove key to our understanding of the UFO abduction
phenomenon.


IMPLANTS

  Perhaps the most interesting pieces of evidence surrounding the abduction
phenomenon are the intracerebral implants allegedly visible in the X-rays
and MRI scans of many abductees[23].  Indeed, abductees often describe
operations in which needles are inserted into the brain; more frequently
still, they report implantation of foreign objects through the sinus
cavities.  Many abduction specialists assume that these intracranial
incursions must be the handiwork of scientists from the stars.
Unfortunately, these researchers have failed to familiarize themselves with
certain little-heralded advances in terrestrial technology.
  The abductees' implants strongly suggest a technological lineage which
can be traced to a device known as a "stimoceiver," invented in the late
'50s- early '60s by a neuroscientist named Jose "Bob" Delgado.  The
stimoceiver is a miniature depth electrode which can receive and transmit
electronic signals over FM radio waves.  By stimulating a
correctly-positioned stimoceiver, an outside operator can wield a
surprising degree of control over the subject's responses.
  The most famous example of the stimoceiver in action occurred in a Madrid
bull ring.  Delgado "wired" the bull before stepping into the ring, entirely
unprotected.  Furious for gore, the bull charged toward the doctor -- then
stopped, just before reaching him.  The technician-turned-toreador had
halted the animal by simply pushing a button on a black BoX, held in the
hand[24].
  Delgado's PHYSICAL CONTROL OF THE MIND: TOWARD A PSYCHOCIVILISED
SOCIETY[25] remains the sole, full-length, popularly-written work on
intracerebral implants and electronic stimulation of the brain (ESB).  (The
book's ominous title and unconvincing philosophical rationales for mass
mind control prompted an unfavorable public reaction -- which may have
deterred other researchers from publishing on this theme for a general
audience.)  While subsequent work has long since superceded the techniques
described in this book, Delgado's achievements were seminal.  His animal
and human experiments clearly demon-strate that the experimenter can
electronically induce emotions and behavior: Under certain conditions, the
extremes of temperament -- rage, lust, fatigue, etc. -- can be elicited by
an outside operator as easily as an organist might call forth a C-major
chord.
  Delgado writes: "Radio stimulation of different points in the amygdala
and  hippocampus in the four patients produced a variety of effects,
including pleasant sensations, elation, deep, thoughtful concentration, odd
feelings, super relaxation, colored visions, and other responses."[26] The
evocative phrase "colored vision" clearly indicates remotely-induced
hallucination; we will detail later how these hallucinations may be
"controlled" by an outside operator.
  Speaking in 1966 -- and reflecting research undertaken years previous --
Delgado asserted that his experiments "support the distasteful conclusion
that motion, emotion, and behavior can be directed by electrical forces and
that humans can be controlled like robots by push buttons."[27]  He even
prophesied a day when brain control could be turned over to non-human
operators, by establishing two-way radio communication between the
implanted brain and a computer[28].
  Of one experimental subject, Delgado notes that "the patient expressed
the successive sensations of fainting, fright and floating around.  These
'floating' feelings were repeatedly evoked on different days by stimulation
of the same point..."[29]  Ufologists may recognize the similarity of this
sequence of events to abductee reports of the opening minutes of their
experiences[30].  Under subsequent hypnosis, the abductee could be
instructed to misremember the cause of this floating sensation.
  In a fascinating series of experiments, Delgado attached the stimoceiver
to the tympanic membrane, thereby transforming the ear into a sort of micro-
phone.  An assistant would whisper "How are you?" into the ear of a suitably
"fixed" cat, and Delgado could hear the words over a loudspeaker in the next
room.  The application of this technology to the spy trade should be readily
apparent.  According to Victor Marchetti, The Agency once attempted a
highly-sophisticated extension of this basic idea, in which radio implants
were attached to a cat's cochlea, to facilitate the pinpointing of specific
conversations, freed from extraneous surrounding noises[31].  Such
"advances" exacerbate the already-imposing level of Twentieth-Century
paranoia: Not only can our phones be tapped and mail checked, but even
TABBY may be spying on us!
  Yet the ramifications of this technology may go even deeper than
Marchetti indicates.  I presume that if a suitably-wired subject's inner
ear can be made into a microphone, it can also be made into a loudspeaker
-- one possible explanation for the "voices" heard by abductees[32].
Indeed, I have personally viewed a strange, opalescent implant within the
ear canal of an abductee.  I see no reason to ascribe this device to alien
intrusion -- more than likely, the "intruders" in this case were the
technological inheritors of the Delgado legacy.  Indeed, not many years
after Delgado's experiments with the cat, Ralph Schwitzgebel devised a
"bug-in-the-ear" via which the therapist -- odd term, under the
circumstances -- can communicate with his subject[33].
  Other researchers have made notable contributions to this field.
  Robert G. "Bob" Heath, of Tulane University, who has implanted as many as
125 electrodes in his subjects, achieved his greatest notoriety by
attempting to "cure" homosexuality through ESB.  In his experiments, he
discovered that he could control his patients' memory, (a feat which,
applied in the ufological context, may account for the phenomenon of
"missing time"); he could also induce sexual arousal, fear, pleasure, and
hallucinations[34].
  Heath and another researcher, James Olds[35], have independently
illustrated that areas of the brain in and near the hypothalamus have, when
electronically stimulated, what has been described as "rewarding" and
"aversive" effects.   Both animals and men, when given the means to induce
their own ESB of the brain's pleasure centers, will stimulate themselves at
a tremendous rate, ignoring such basic drives as hunger and thirst[36].
(Using fixed electrodes of his own invention, John C. Lilly had
accomplished similar effects in the early 1950s[37].)  Anyone who has
studied the abduction phenomenon will find himself on familiar territory
here, for the abductee accounts are replete with stories of bewildering and
inappropriate sexual response countered by extremely painful stimuli --
operant conditioning, at its most extreme, and most insidious, for here we
see a form of conditioning in which the manipulator renders himself
invisible.  Indeed, B.F. Skinner-esque aversive therapy, remotely appiled,
was Heath's prescription for "healing" homosexuality[38].
  Ralph Schwitzgebel and his brother Robert have produced a panoply of
devices for tracking individuals over long ranges; they may be considered
the creators of the "electronic house arrest" devices recently approved by
the courts[39].  Schwitzgebel devices could be used for tracking all the
physical and neurological signs of a "patient" within a quarter of a
mile[40], thereby lifting the distance limitations which restricted
Delgado.
  In Ralph Schwitzgebel's initial work, application of this technology to
ESB seems to have been limited to cumbersome brain implants with protruding
wires.  But the technology was soon miniaturized, and a scheme was proposed
whereby radio receivers would be mounted on utility poles throughout a
given city, thereby providing 24-hour-a-day monitoring capability[41].  Like
Heath, Schwitzgebel was much exercised about homosexuality and the use of
intracranial devices to combat sexual deviation.  But he has also spoken
ominously about applying his devices to "socially troublesome persons"...
which, of course, could mean anyone[42].
  Bryan Robinson, of the Yerkes primate laboratory has conducted
fascinating simian research on the use of remote ESB in a social context.
He could cause mothers to ignore their offspring, despite the babies'
cries.  He could turn submission into dominance, and vice-versa[43].
  Perhaps the most disturbing wanderer into this mind-field is Joseph A.
Meyer, of the National Security Agency, the most formidable and secretive
component of America's national security complex.  Meyer has proposed
implant-ing rougly half of all Americans arrested -- not necessarily
convicted -- of any crime; the numbers of "subscribers" (his euphemism)
would run into the tens of millions.  "Subscribers" could be monitored
continually by computer wherever they went.  Meyer, who has carefully
worked out the economics of his mass-implantation system, asserts that
taxpayer liability should be reduced by forcing subscribers to "rent" the
implant from the State.  Implants are cheaper and more efficient than
police, Meyer suggests, since the call to crime is relentless for the poor
"urban dweller" -- who, this spook-scientist admits in a surprisingly
candid aside, is fundamentally unnecessary to a post-industrial economy.
"Urban dweller" may be another of Meyer's euphemisms: He uses New York's
Harlem as his model community in working out the details of his
mind-management system[44].


ABDUCTEE IMPLANTS

  If we are to take seriously abductee accounts of brain implants, we must
consider the possibility that the implanters, properly perceived, DON'T look
much like the "greys" pictured on Strieber's dustjackets.  Instead, the
visitors may resemble Dr. Meyer and his brethren.  We would thus have an
explanation for both the reports of abductee brain implants and, as we shall
see, the "scoop marks" and other scars visible on other parts of the
abductees' bodies.  We would also have an explanation for the reports of
individuals suffering personality change after contact with the UFO
phenomenon.
  Skeptics might counter that the time factor of UFO abductions disallows
this possibility.  If estimates of "missing time" are correct, the
abductions rarely take longer than one-to-three hours.  Wouldn't a brain
surgeon, operating under less-than-ideal conditions (perhaps in a mobile
unit) need more time?
  NO -- not if we accept the claims of a Florida doctor named Daniel Man.
He recently proposed a draconian solution to the overblown "missing children
problem," by suggesting a program wherein America's youngsters would be
implanted with tiny transmitters in order to track the children
continuously.
Man brags that the operation can be done right in the office -- and would
take less than 20 minutes[45].
  Conceivably, it might take a tad longer in the field.



A QUESTION OF TIMING

  The history of brain implantation, as gleaned from the open literature,
is certainly disquieting.  Yet this history has almost certainly been
censored, and the dates manipulated in a nigh-Orwellian fashion.  When
dealing with research funded by the engines of national security, one can
never know the true origin date of any individual scientific advance.
However, if we listen carefully to the scientists who have pioneered this
research, we may hear whispers, faint but unmistakable, hinting that
remotely-applied ESB originated earlier than published studies would
indicate.
  In his autobiography THE SCIENTIST, John C. Lilly (who would later
achieve a cultish reknown for his work with dolphins, drugs and sensory
deprivation) records a conversation he had with the director of the
National Institute of Mental Health -- in 1953.  The director asked Lilly
to brief the CIA, FBI, NSA and the various military intelligence services
on his work using electrodes to stimulate directly the pleasure and pain
centers of the brain.  Lilly refused, noting, in his reply:

           Dr. Antoine Remond, using our techniques in Paris, has
        demonstrated that this method of stimulation of the brain
        can be applied to the human without the help of the neuro-
        surgeon; he is doing it in his office in Paris without neuro-
        surgical supervision.  This means that anybody with the proper
        apparatus can carry this out on a person covertly, with no
        external signs that electrodes have been used on that person.
        I feel that if this technique got into the hands of a secret
        agency, they would have total control over a human being and
        be able to change his beliefs extremely quickly, leaving
        little evidence of what they had done[46].

  Lilly's assertion of the moral high ground here is interesting.  Despite
his avowed phobia against secrecy, a careful reading of THE SCIENTIST
reveals that he continued to do work useful to this country's national
security appar-atus. His sensory deprivation experiments expanded upon the
work of ARTICHOKE's Maitland Baldwin, and even his dolphin research has --
perhaps inadvertently proved useful in naval warfare[47].  One should note
that Lilly's work on monkeys carried a "secret" classification, and that
NIMH was a common CIA funding conduit[48].
  But the most important aspect of Lilly's statement is its date.  1953?
How far back does radio-controlled ESB go?  Alas, I have not yet seen
Remond's work -- if it is available in the open literature.  In the
documents made available to Marks, the earliest reference to
remotely-applied ESB is a 1959 financial document pertaining to MKULTRA
subproject 94.  The general subproject descriptions sent to the CIA's
financial department rarely contain much information, and rarely change
from year to year, leaving us little idea as to when this subproject began.
  Unfortunately, even the Freedom of Information Act couldn't pry loose
much information on electronic mind control techniques, though we know a
great deal of study was done in these areas.  We have, for example, only
four pages on subproject 94 -- by comparison, a veritable flood of
documents were released on the use of drugs in mind control.  (Whenever an
author tells us that MKULTRA met with little success, the reference is to
drug testing.)  On this point, I must criticize John Marks: His book never
mentions that roughly 20-25 percent of the  subprojects are "dark" -- i.e.,
little or no information was ever made available, despite lawyers and FOIA
requests.  Marks seems to feel that the only information worth having is
the information he received.  We know, however, that research into
psychoelectronics was extensive indeed, statements of project goals dating
from ARTICHOKE and BLUEBIRD days clearly identify this area as a high
priority.  Marks' anonymous informant, jocularly named "Deep Trance," even
told a previous interviewer that, beginning in 1963, CIA and the military's
mind control efforts strongly emphasized electronics[49].  I therefore
assume -- not rashly, I hope -- that the "dark" MKULTRA subprojects
concerned matters such as brain implants, microwaves, ESB, and related
technologies.
  I make an issue of the timing and secrecy involved in this research to
underscore three points:  1. We can never know with certainty the true
origin dates of the various brainwashing methods -- often, we discover that
techniques which seem impossibly futuristic actually originated in the 19th
century.   (Pioneering ESB research was conducted in 1898, by J.R. ("Bob"
Dobbs) Ewald, professor of physiology at Straussbourg[50].)  2. The open
literature almost certainly gives a bowdlerized view of the actual
research.  3. Lavishly-funded clandestine researchers -- unrestrained by
peer review or the need for strict controls -- can achieve far more rapid
progress than scientists "on the outside."
  Potential critics should keep these points in mind should they attempt to
invalidate the "mind control" thesis of UFO abductions by citing an
abduction account which antedates Delgado.


THE QUANDARY

  We have amply demonstrated, then, that as far back as the 1960s -- and
possibly earlier still -- scientists have had the capability to create
implants similar to those now purportedly visible in abductee MRI scans.
Indeed, we have no notion just how advanced this technology has become,
since the popular press stopped reporting on brain implantation in the
1970s.  The research has no doubt continued, albeit in a less public
fashion.  In fact, scientists such as Delgado have cast their eye far
beyond the implants; ESB effects can now be elicited with microwaves and
other forms of electromagnetic radiation, used with and without electrodes.
  So why -- if we take UFO abduction accounts at face value -- are the
"advanced aliens" using an old technology, an EARTH technology, a technology
which may soon be rendered obsolescent, if it hasn't been so rendered
already?
I am reminded of the charming anachronisms in the old Flash Gordon serials,
where swords and spaceships clashed continually.
  Do they also watch black-and-white television on Zeta Reticuli?


REMOTE HYPNOSIS

  Hypnosis provides the (highly controversial) key which opens the door to
many abduction accounts[51].  And obviously, if my thesis is correct,
hypnosis plays a large part in the abduction itself.  One thing we know
with certainty: Since the earliest days of project BLUEBIRD, the CIA's
spy-chiatrists spent enormous sums mastering Mesmer's art.
  I cannot here give even a brief summary of hypnosis, nor even of the
CIA's studies in this area.  (Fortunately, FOIA requests were rather more
successful in shaking loose information on this topic than in the area of
psycho-electronics.)  Here, we will concentrate on a particularly
intriguing allegation -- one heard faintly, but persistently, for the past
twenty years by those who would investigate the shadow side of politics.
  If this allegation proves true, hypnosis is NOT necessarily a person-to-
person affair.
  The abductee -- or the mind control victim -- need not have physical
contact with a hypnotist for hypnotic suggestion to take effect; trance
could be induced, and suggestions made, via the intracerebral transmitters
described above.  The concept sounds like something out of Huxley's or
Orwell's most masochistic fantasies.  Yet remote hypnosis was first
reported -- using allegedly parapsychological means -- in the early 1930s,
by L.L. Vasilev, Professor of Physiology in the University of
Leningrad[52].  Later, other scientists attempted to accomplish the same
goal, using less mystic means.
  Over the years, certain journalists have asserted that the CIA has
mastered a technology call RHIC-EDOM.  RHIC means "Radio Hypnotic
Intracerebral Control."  EDOM stands for "Electronic Dissolution of
Memory."  Together, these techniques can -- allegedly -- remotely induce
hypnotic trance, deliver suggestions to the subject, and erase all memory
for both the instruction period and the act which the subject is asked to
perform.
  RHIC uses the stimoceiver, or a microminiaturized offspring of that tech-
nology to induce a hypnotic state.  Interestingly, this technique is also
reputed to involve the use of INTRAMUSCULAR implants, a detail strikingly
reminiscent of the "scars" mentioned in Budd Hopkins MISSING TIME.
Apparently, these implants are stimulated to induce a post-hypnotic
suggestion.
  EDOM is nothing more than missing time itself -- the erasure of memory
from consciousness through the blockage of synaptic transmission in certain
areas of the brain.  By jamming the brain's synapses through a surfeit of
acetocholine, neural transmission along selected pathways can be
effectively stilled.   According to the proponents of RHIC-EDOM,
acetocholine production can be affected by electromagnetic means.  (Modern
research in the psycho-physio-logical effects of microwaves confirm this
proposition.)
  Does RHIC-EDOM exist?  In our discussion of Delgado's work, I have
already cited a strange little book (published in 1969) titled WERE WE
CONTROLLED?, written by one Lincoln Lawrence, a former FBI agent turned
journalist.  (The name is a pseudonym; I know his real identity.)  This
work deals at length with RHIC-EDOM; a careful comparison of Lawrence's
work with MKULTRA files declas-sified ten years later indicates a strong
possibility that the writer did indeed have "inside" sources.
  Here is how Lawrence describes RHIC in action:

        It is the ultra-sophisticated application of post-hypnotic
     suggestion TRIGGERED AT WILL [italics in original] by radio
     transmission.  It is a recurring hypnotic state, re-induced
     automatically at intervals by the same radio control.  An
     individual is brought under hypnosis.  This can be done either
     with his knowledge  -- or WITHOUT it by use of narco-hypnosis,
     which can be brought into play under many guises.  He is then
     programmed to perform certain actions and maintain certain
     attitudes upon radio signal[53].

  Other authors have mentioned this technique -- specifically Walter Bowart
(in his book OPERATION MIND CONTROL) and journalist James Moore, who, in a
1975 issue of a periodical called MODERN PEOPLE, claimed to have secured a
350-page manual, prepared in 1963, on RHIC-EDOM[54].  He received the manual
from CIA sources, although -- interestingly -- the technique is said to have
originated in the military.
  The following quote by Moore on RHIC should prove especially intriguing
to abduction researchers who have confronted odd "personality shifts" in
abductees:

        Medically, these radio signals are directed to certain
     parts of the brain.  When a part of your brain receives a
     tiny electrical impulse from outside sources, such as vision,
     hearing, etc.,an emotion is produced -- anger at the sight of
     a gang of boys beating an old woman, for example.  The same
     emotion of anger can be created by artificial radio signals
     sent to your brain by a controller.  You could instantly feel
     the same white-hot anger without any apparent reason[55].

  Lawrence's sources imparted an even more tantalizing -- and frightening
-- revelation:

        ...there is already in use a small EDOM generator-transmitter
     which can be concealed on the body of a person.  Contact with
     this person -- a casual handshake or even just a touch --
     transmits a tiny electronic charge plus an ultra-sonic signal
     tone which for a short while will disturb the time orientation
     of the person affected[56].

  If RHIC-EDOM exists, it goes a long way toward providing an earthbound
rationale for alien abductions -- or, at least, certain aspects of them.
The phenomenon of "missing time" is no longer mysterious.  Abductee
implants, both intracerebral and otherwise, are explained.  And note the
reference to "recurring hypnotic state, reinduced automatically by the same
radio command." This situation may account for "repeater" abductees who,
after their initial encounter, have regular sessions of "missing time" and
abduction -- even while a bed-mate sleeps undisturbed.
  At present, I cannot claim conclusively that RHIC-EDOM is real.  To my
knowledge, the only official questioning of a CIA representive concerning
these techniques occurred in 1977, during Senate hearings on CIA drug
testing.  Senator Richard Schweicker had the following interchange with Dr.
Sidney Gottlieb, an important MKULTRA administrator:

        SCHWEICKER:  Some of the projects under MKULTRA involved
     hypnosis, is that correct?
        GOTTLIEB:    Yes.
        SCHWEICKER:  Did any of these projects involve something
     called radio hypnotic intracerebral control, which is a
     combination, as I understand it, in layman's terms, of radio
     transmissions and hypnosis.
        GOTTLIEB:    My answer is "No."
        SCHWEICKER:  None whatsoever?
        GOTTLIEB:    Well, I am trying to be responsive to the
     terms you used.  As I remember it, there was a current
     interest, running interest, all the time in what effects
     people's standing in the field of radio energy have, and
     it could easily have been that somewhere in many projects,
     someone was trying to see if you could hypnotize someone
     easier if he was standing in a radio beam.  That would
     seem like a reasonable piece of research to do.

  Schweicker went on to mention that he had heard testimony that radar
(i.e., microwaves) had been used to wipe out memory in animals; Gottlieb
responded, "I can believe that, Senator."[57]
  Gottlieb's blandishments do not comfort much.  For one thing, the good
doctor did not always provide thoroughly candid testimony.  (During the same
hearing he averred that 99 percent on the CIA's research had been openly
published; if so, why are so many MKULTRA subprojects still "dark," and why
does the Agency still go to great lengths to protect the identities of its
scientists?[58])  We should also recognize that the CIA's operations are
compartmentalized on a "need-to-know" basis; Gottlieb may not have had
access to the information requested by Schweicker.  Note that the MKULTRA
rubric circumscribed Gottlieb's statement: RHIC-EDOM might have been the
focus of another program.  (There were several others: MKNAOMI, MKACTION,
MKSEARCH, etc.)  Also keep in mind the revelation by "Deep Trance" that the
CIA concentrated on psychoelectronics AFTER the termination of MKULTRA in
1963.   Most significantly: RHIC-EDOM is described by both Lawrence and
Moore as a product of MILITARY research; Gottlieb spoke only of matters
pertaining to CIA.  He may thus have spoken truthfully -- at least in a
strictly technical sense -- while still misleading the Congressional
interlocutors.
  Personally, I believe that the RHIC-EDOM story deserves a great deal of
further research.  I find it significant that when Dr. Petter Lindstrom
examined X-rays of Robert Naesland, a Swedish victim of brain-implantation,
the doctor authoritatively cited WERE WE CONTROLLED? in his letter of
response[59].  This is the same Dr. Lindstrom noted for his pioneering use
of ultrasonics in neurosurgery[60].  Lincoln Lawrence's book has received a
strong endorsement indeed.
  Bowart's OPERATION MIND CONTROL contains a significant interview with an
intelligence agent knowledgeable in these areas.  Granted, the reader has
every right to adopt a skeptical attitude toward information culled from
anonymous sources; still, one should note that this operative's statements
confirm, in pertinent part, Lawrence's thesis[61].
  Most importantly: The open literature on brain-wave entrainment and the
behavioral effects of electromagnetic radiation substantiates much of the
RHIC-EDOM story -- as we shall see.


THAT'S ENTRAINMENT

  Robert Anton Wilson, an author with a devoted cult following, recently
has taken to promoting a new generation of "mind machines" designed to
promote creativity, stimulate learning, and alter consciousness -- i.e.,
provide a drug-less high.  Interestingly, these machines can also induce
"Out-of-Body-Experiences," in which the percipient mentally "travels" to
another location while his body remains at rest[62].  This
rapidly-developing technology has spawned a technological equivalent to the
drug culture; indeed, the aficionados of the electronic buzz even have
their own magazine, REALITY HACKERS. [Now defunct.  -jpg]  I strongly
suspect that we will hear much of these machines in the future.
  One such device is called the "hemi-synch."  This headphone-like
invention produces slightly different frequences in each ear; the brain
calculates the difference between these frequencies, resulting in a rhythm
known as the "binaural beat."  The brain "entrains" itself to this beat --
that is, the subject's EEG slows down or speeds up to keep pace with its
electronic running partner[63].
  The brain has a "beat" of its own.
  This rhythm was first discovered in 1924 by the German psychiatrist Hans
Berger, who recorded cerebral voltages as part of a telepathy study[64].  He
noted two distinct frequencies: alpha (8-13 cycles per second), associated
with a relaxed, alert state, and beta (14-30 cycles per second), produced
during states of agitation and intense mental concentration.  Later, other
rhythms were noted, which are particularly important for our present
purposes: theta (4-7 cycles per second), a hypnogogic state, and delta (.5
to 3.5 cycles per second), generally found in sleeping subjects[65].
  The hemi-synch -- and related mind-machines -- can produce alpha or theta
waves, on demand, according to the operator's wishes.  A suitably-entrained
brain is much more responsive to suggestion, and is even likely to
experience vivid hallucinations.
  I have spoken to several UFO abductees who describe a "stereophonic
sound" effect -- EXACTLY SIMILAR TO THAT PRODUCED BY THE HEMI-SYNCH --
preceding many "encounters."  Of course, one usually administers the
hemi-synch via head-phones, but I see no reason why the effect cannot be
transmitted via the above-described stimoceiver.  Again, I remind the
reader of the abductee with an implant just inside her ear canal.
  There's more than one way to entrain a brain.  Michael Hutchison's
excellent book MEGA BRAIN details the author's personal experiences with
many such devices -- the Alpha-stim, TENS, the Synchro-energizer,
Tranquilite, etc.   He recounts dazzling, Dali-esque hallucinations, as a
result of using this mind-expanding technology; moreover, he offers a
seductive argument that these devices may represent a true breakthrough in
consciousness-control, thereby fulfilling the dashed dream of the
hallucinogenic '60s.
  I wish to avoid a knee-jerk Luddite response to these fascinating wonder-
boxes.  At the same time, I recognize the dangers involved.  What about the
possibility of an outside operator literally "changing our minds" by
altering our brainwaves without our knowledge or permission?  If these
machines can induce a hypnotic state, what's to stop a skilled hypnotist
from making use of this state?
  Granted, most of these devices require some physical interaction with the
subject.  But a tool called the Bio-Pacer can, according to its
manufacturer, produce a number of mood altering frequencies -- WITHOUT
attachment to the subject.  Indeed, the Bio-Pacer III (a high-powered
version) can affect an entire room.  This device costs $275, according to
the most recent price sheet available[66].  What sort of machine might
$27,500 buy?  Or $275,000?   What effects, what ranges might a
million-dollar machine be capable of?
  The military certainly has that sort of money.
  And they're certainly interested in this sort of technology, according to
Michael Hutchison.  His interview with an informant named Joseph Light
elicited some particularly provocative revelations.  According to Light:

        There are important elements in the scientific community,
     powerful people, who are very much interested in these areas...
     but they have to keep most of their work secret.  Because as
     soon as they start to publish some of these sensitive things,
     they have problems in their lives.  You see, they work on
     research grants, and if you follow the research being done,
     you find that as soon as these scientists publish something
     about this, their research funds are cut off.  There are areas
     in bioelectric research  where very simple techniques and
     devices can have mind-boggling effects.  Conceivably, if you
     have a crazed person with a bit of a technical background, he
     can do a lot of damage[67].

  This last statement is particularly evocative.  In 1984, a violent
neo-NAZI group called The Order (responsible for the murder of talk-show
host Alan Berg) established contact with two government scientists engaged
in clandestine research to project chemical imbalances and render targeted
individuals docile via certain frequencies of electronic waves.  For
$100,000 the scientists were willing to deliver this information[68].
  Thus, at least one group of crazed individuals almost got the goods.


WAVE YOUR BRAIN GOODBYE

  Every Senator and Congressional representative has a "wavie" file.  So do
many state representatives.  Wavies have even pled their case to private
institutions such as the Christic Institute[69].
  And who are the wavies?
  They claim to be victims of clandestine bombardment with non-ionizing
radiation -- or microwaves.  They report sudden changes in psychological
states, alteration of sleep patterns, intracerebral voices and other sounds,
and physiological effects.  Most people never realize how many wavies there
are in this country.  I've spoken to a number of wavies myself.
  Are these troubled individuals seeking an exterior rationale for their
mental problems?  Maybe.  Indeed, I'm sure that such is the case in many
instances.  But the fact is that the literature on the behavioral effects of
microwaves, extra-low-frequencies (ELF) and ultra-sonics is such that we
cannot blithely dismiss ALL such claims.
  For decades, American science and industry tried to convince the
population that microwaves could have no adverse effects on human beings at
sub-thermal levels -- in other words, the attitude was, "If it can't burn
you, it can't hurt you."  This approach became increasingly difficult to
defend as reports mounted of microwave-induced physiological effects.
Technicians described "hearing" certain radar installations; users of radar
telescopes began developing cataracts at an appallingly high rate[70].  The
Soviets had long recognized the strange and sometimes subtle effects of
these radio frequencies, which is why their exposure standards have always
been much stricter.
  Soviet microwave bombardment of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow prompted the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Project PANDORA (later renamed),
whose ostensible goal was to determine whether these pulsations (reportedly
10 cycles per second, which puts them in the alpha range) could be used for
the purposes of mind control.  I suspect that the "war on Tchaikowsky
Street," as I call it[71], was used, at least in part, as a cover story for
DARPA mind control research, and that the stories floated in the news (via,
for example, Jack Anderson's column) about Soviet remote brainwashing
served the same propaganda purposes as did the bleatings of Edward Hunter
during the 1950s.[72]
  What can low-level microwaves do to the mind?
  According to a DIA report released under the Freedom of Information
Act[73], microwaves can induce metabolic changes, alter brain functions,
and disrupt behavior patterns.  PANDORA discovered that pulsed microwaves
can create leaks in the blood/brain barrier, induce heart seizures, and
create behavioral disorganization[74].  In 1970, a RAND Corporation
scientist reported that microwaves could be used to promote insomnia,
fatigue, irritability, memory loss, and hallucinations[75].
  Perhaps the most significant work in this area has been produced by Dr.
W. Ross Adey at the University of Southern California.  He determined that
behavior and emotional states can be altered without electrodes -- simply by
placing the subject in an electromagnetic field.  By directing a carrier
frequency to stimulate the brain and using amplitude modulation to "shape"
the wave into a mimicry of a desired EEG frequency, he was able to impose a
4.5 cps theta rhythm on his subjects -- a frequency which he previously
measured in the hippocampus during avoidance learning.  Thus, he could
externally condition the mind towards an aversive reaction[76].  (Adey has
also done extensive work on the use of electrodes in animals[77].)
According to another prominent microwave scientist, Allen Frey, other
frequencies could -- in animal studies -- induce docility[78].  [cf USP
#3,884,218 by Robert ("Bob") Monroe, METHOD OF INDUCING AND MAINTAINING
VARIOUS STAGES OF SLEEP IN THE HUMAN BEING, granted 20 May 1975; ABSTRACT:
A method of inducing sleep in the human being wherein an audio signal is
generated comprising a familiar pleasing repetitive sound modulated by an
EEG sleep pattern.  -jpg]
  The controversial researcher Andrijah Puharich asserts that "a weak (1
mW) 4 Hz magnetic sine wave will modify human brain waves in 6 to 10
seconds.   The psychological effects of a 4 Hz sine magnetic wave are
negative -- causing dizzyness, nausea, headache, and can lead to vomiting."
Conversely, an 8 Hz magnetic sine wave has beneficial effects[79].  Though
some writers question Puharich's integrity (perhaps correctly, considering
his involvement in the confused tale of Uri Geller), his claims here seem
in line with the findings of less-flamboyant experimenters.
  As investigative journalist Anne Keeler writes:

        Specific frequencies at low intensities can predictably
     influence sensory processes...pleasantness-unpleasantness,
     strain-relaxation, and excitement-quiescence can be created
     with the fields.  Negative feelings and avoidance are strong
     biological phenomena and relate to survival.  Feelings are
     the true basis of much "decision-making" and often occur as
     subthreshold [i.e. subliminal -jpg] impressions...Ideas
     INCLUDING NAMES [my italics] [Cannon's italics -jpg] can be
     synchronized with the feelings that the fields induce[80].

  Adey and compatriots have compiled an entire library of frequencies and
pulsation rates which can affect the mind and nervous system.  Some of these
effects can be extremely bizarre.  For example, engineer Tom Jarski, in an
attempt to replicate the seminal work of F. Cazzamali, found that a
particular frequency caused a ringing sensation in the ears of his subjects
-- who felt strangely compelled to BITE the experimenters![81].  On the
other hand, the diet-conscious may be intrigued by the finding that rats
exposed to ELF waves failed to gain weight normally[82].
  For our present purposes, the most significant electromagnetic research
findings concern microwave signals modulated by hypnoidal EEG frequencies.
Microwaves can act much like the "hemi-synch" device previously described --
that is, they can entrain the brain to theta rhythms[83].  I need not
emphasize the implications of remotely synchronizing the brain to resonate
at a frequency conducive to sleep, or to hypnosis.
  Trance may be remotely induced -- but can it be directed?  Yes.  Recall
the intracerebral voices mentioned earlier in our discussion of Delgado.
The same effect can be produced by "the wave."  Frey demonstrated in the
early 1960s that microwaves could produce booming, hissing, buzzing, and
other intra-cerebral static (this phenomenon is now called "the Frey
effect"); in 1973, Dr. Joseph Sharp, of the Walter Reed Army Institute of
Research, expanded on Frey's work in an experiment where the subject -- in
this case, Sharp himself-- "heard" and understood spoken words delivered
via a pulsed-microwave analog of the speaker's sound vibrations[84].
  Dr. Robert Becker comments that "Such a device has obvious applications
in covert operations designed to drive a target crazy with 'voices' or
deliver undetectable instructions to a programmed assassin."[85]  In other
words, we now have, AT THE PUSH OF A BUTTON, the technology either to
inflict an electronic GASLIGHT -- or to create a true MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE.
Indeed, the former capability could effectively disguise the latter.  Who
will listen to the victims, when electronically-induced hallucinations they
recount exactly parallel the classical signals of paranoid schizophrenia
and/or temporal lobe epilepsy?
  Perhaps the most ominous revelations, however, concern the mysterious
work of J.F. "BoB" Schapitz, who in 1974 filed a plan to explore the
interaction of radio frequencies and hypnosis.  He proposed the following:

        In this investigation it will be shown that the spoken
     word of the hypnotist may be conveyed by modulated electro-
     magnetic energy DIRECTLY INTO THE SUBCONSCIOUS PARTS OF THE
     HUMAN BRAIN [my italics] -- i.e., without employing any
     technical devices for receiving or transcoding the messages
     and without the person exposed to such influence having a
     chance to control the information input consciously.


  He outlined an experiment, innocent in its immediate effects yet chilling
in its implications, whereby subjects would be implanted with the
subconscious suggestion to leave the lab and buy a particular item; this
action would be triggered by a certain cue word or action.  Schapitz felt
certain that the subjects would rationalize the behavior -- in other words,
the subject would seize upon any excuse, however thin, to chalk up his
actions to the working of free will[86].  His instincts on this latter
point coalesce perfectly with findings of professional hypnotists[87].
  Schapitz's work was funded by the Department of Defense.  Despite FOIA
requests, the results have never been publicly revealed[88].


FINAL THOUGHTS ON "THE WAVE"

  I must again offer a caveat about possible disparities between the
"official" record of electromagnetism's psychological effects and the hidden
history.  Once more, we face a question of timing.  How long ago did this
research REALLY begin?
  In the eary years of this century, Nikola Tesla seems to have stumbled
upon certain of the behavioral effects of electromagnetic exposure[89].
Cazamalli, mentioned earlier, conducted his studies in the 1930s.  In 1934,
E.L. Chaffe and R.U. Light published a paper on "A Method for the Remote
Control of Electrical Stimulation of the Nervous System."[90]  From the very
beginning of their work with microwaves, the Soviets explored the more
subtle physiological effects of electromagnetism -- and despite the
bleatings of certain right-wing alarmists[91] that an "electromagnetic gap"
separates us from Soviet advances, East European literature in this area
has been closely monitored for decades by the West.  ARTICHOKE/BLUEBIRD
project outlines, dating from the early 1950s, prominently mention the need
to explore all possible uses of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  Another point worth mentioning concerns the combination of EMR and
miniature brain electrodes.  The father of the stimoceiver, Dr. J.M.R.
"Bob" Delgado, has recently conducted experiments in which monkeys are
exposed to electromagnetic fields, thereby eliciting a wide range of
behavioral effects -- one monkey might fly into a volcanic rage while, just
a few feet away, his simian partner begins to nod off.  Fascinatingly, when
monkeys with brain implants felt "the wave," the effects were greatly
intensified.  Apparently, these tiny electrodes can act as AMPLIFIERS of
the electromagnetic effect[92].
  This last point is important to our "alien abduction" thesis.  Critics
might counter that any burst of microwave energy powerful enough to have
truly remote effects would probably also create a thermal reaction.  That
is, if a clandestine operator propagated a "wave" from outside an
abductee's bedroom (say, from a low-flying helicopter, or from a truck
travelling alongside the subject's car), the power necessary to do the job
might be such that the microwave would cook the target before it got a
chance to launder his thoughts.  Our abductee would end up like the victim
of the microwave "hit" in the finale of Jerzy Kozinsky's COCKPIT.
  It's a fair criticism.  But Delgado's work may give us our solution.
Once an abductee has been implanted -- and if we are to trust hypnotic
regression accounts of abductees at all, the first implanting session may
occur in childhood -- the chip-in-the-brain would act an an intensifier of
the signal.  Such an individual could have any number of "UFO" experiences
while his or her bed partner dozes comfortably.
  Furthermore, recent reports indicate that a "waver" can achieve pinpoint
accuracy without the use of Delgado-style implants.  In 1985, volunteers at
the Midwest Research Institute in Kansas City, Missouri, were exposed to
microwave beams as part of an experiment sponsored by the Department of
Energy and the New York State Department of Health.  As THE ARIZONA
REPUBLIC[93] described the experiment, "A matched control group sat IN THE
SAME ROOM without being bombarded by non-ionizing radiation." [My italics.]
Apparently, one can focus "the wave" quite narrowly -- a fact which has
wide implications for abductees.

                             III. Applications

  So we now have some idea of the tools available to the "spy-chiatrists."
How have these tools been used?
  This question necessarily involves some detective work.  The Central
Intelligence Agency, under duress, provided some, though not enough,
documen-tation of its efforts to commandeer "the space between our ears."
We know that these efforts were extensive, long-term, and at least
partially successful.  We know also that these experiments used human
subjects.  But who?  When?
  One paradox of this line of inquiry is that, for many readers, the
victims elicit sympathy only insofar as they remain anonymous.
Intellectually, we realize that MKULTRA and its allied projects must have
affected hundreds, probably thousands, of individuals.  Yet we react with
deep suspicion whenever one of these individuals steps forward and
identifies himself, or whenever an independent investigator argues that
mind control has directed some newsworthy person's otherwise inexplicable
actions.  Where, the skeptic may rightfully ask, is the documentation
supporting such accusations?  Most of the MKULTRA "paper trail" was
(allegedly) burnt at Richard Helms' order; what's   left has been censored,
leaving black ink smudges wherever the names originally appeared.  Claimed
mind control victims can, for the most part, only give us testimony -- and
how reliable can such testimony be, especially in light of the fact that
one purpose of MKULTRA was to induce insanity?  Anyone asserting that he
was victimized by the program might well be seeking an extrinsic excuse
for his own psychopathology.  If you say that you are a manufactured
madman, you were probably mad to begin with: Catch 22.
  When John Marks wrote THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE" he
received numerous letters from people insisting that they had been drugged,
"waved," or otherwise abused by the CIA or the military.  Most of these
communications went directly into his crank file.  Perhaps many deserved
that destination; I know of at least one that did not[94].
  Marks did, however, devote much attention to Val Orlikov, a former
"patient" of perhaps the most notorious figure in the annals of American
medical crime: Dr. Ewen ("BoB") Cameron, a CIA-funded scientist heading the
Allan Memorial Institute at McGill University, Montreal, Canada.  Cameron,
a highly-respected mental health researcher[95], experimented with a
technique he called "psychic driving," a brainwashing program which
involved inflicting upon a subject an endless tape loop blaring selected
messages, 16-to-24 hours a day, combined with massive electroshock and LSD.
The project's "guinea pigs" were patients who had come to Allan Memorial
with relatively minor psychological complaints.  Cameron's experiments
failed and his theories were discredited, which may explain why the CIA and
its apologists now feel relatively comfortable discussing the
Frankensteinian efforts at Allan Memorial, as opposed to more successful
work elsewhere.
  Orlikov's testimony has received much respectful attention from those
writers who have examined MKULTRA, and correctly so.  When I studied the
files at the National Security Archives, I was particularly keen to read
her original letters to John Marks, for these pages had led to the
unmasking of an especially heinous CIA project.  The letters, interestingly
enough, proved just as vague, disjointed, and bizarre as similar
correspondence which researchers routinely dismiss.  Orlikov can't be
blamed for the hazy nature of her recollections; a certain amount of fog is
to be expected, given the nature of the crime perpetrated against her.  The
important point is that her story, ultimately, was found to be true.  All
of which leads me to wonder: Why did HER claims prompt investigation when
those of others prompt only dismissal? Perhaps the answer lies in the fact
that Orlikov's husband became a Canadian Member of Parliament.  Any victims
of CIA experimentation who wish to be taken seriously ought, perhaps, first
make sure to marry well.
  Of course, we can easily forgive previous writers and readers whose
researches into MKULTRA have been biased in favor of complacency[96].  But
we can't let this natural prejudice cripple our present investigation.  Let
us examine, then, a few of the "horror stories" from the mind control
literature and highlight possible correlations to abductee testimony.


PALLE HARDRUP'S "GUARDIAN ANGEL"

  As mentioned previously, I have not delved much into the subject of
hypnosis in this paper -- primarily because of space and time limitations,
but also because discussions of the possibilities of hypnosis PER SE tend
to cloud the issue of its use in conjunction with the above-mentioned
electronic techniques.  Obviously, however, hypnosis is a major weapon in
the mind controller's armament; in a forthcoming full-length work, I intend
to deal with this subject at much greater length.
  Needless to say, one of the primary objectives of MKULTRA and related
projects was to determine whether one could hypnotically induce someone to
commit an anti-social act.  This possibility remains one of the most hotly-
debated issues in hypnosis, for conventional wisdom asserts that no
individual can be hypnotized to commit an action which violates his
interior moral code.  Martin Orne, editor of the presitigious INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPNOSIS agrees with this axiom[97],
and he is in a position to codify much of the established view on this
topic.  Orne, however, is a veteran of MKULTRA, and furthermore seems to
have lied -- at least in his original communications -- to author John
Marks about his witting involvement in subproject 94[98].  While I respect
much of Orne's ground-breaking work, his pronouncements do not hold, for
this layman, an Olympian unassailability.
  To be sure, many other hypnosis experts, untainted by Company
connections, also discount the possibility that anti-social actions can be
induced.  But a number of highly-experienced professionals -- including
Milton Kline, William Kroger, George Estabrooks, John Watkins, and Herbert
Spiegel -- have argued that such actions can, at least to some degree, be
elicited by an outside manipulator.
  Occasionally, claims of hypnotically-induced anti-social behavior find
their way into the courtroom; one such case, which led to the incarceration
of the hypnotist, was the Palle Hardrup affair.  This incident occurred in
Denmark in 1951[99].  Palle Hardrup robbed a bank, killing a guard in the
process, and later claimed that he had been instructed to do so by the
hypnotist Bjorn Nielsen.  Nielsen eventually confessed to having engineered
the crime as a test of his hypnotic abilities.
  The most significant aspect of this incident concerns the "pose" Nielsen
adopted to work his malicious designs.  During the hypnosis sessions,
Nielsen hypnotically suggested that he was Hardrup's "guardian angel,"
represented by the letter X.  Hardrup testified that "There is another room
next door where Nielsen and I go and talk on our own.  It is there that my
guardian spirit usually comes and talks to me.  Nielsen says that X has a
task for me."
  One of these tasks was arranging for Hardrup's girlfriend to have sex
with the hypnotist.  The other tasks, he mentioned, included robbery and
murder.   Nielsen convinced his victim that "X" wanted the robbery funds to
be used for worthwhile political goals.  The end, Hardrup was told,
justified the means.
  Compare this scenario to that encountered in the typical contactee case,
in which alien "guardians" convince their victims/subjects that the
encounter will eventually serve some unspecified "higher purpose."  Indeed,
in my interviews with abductees who have established a "long-term"
relationship with their visitors, I have found that some of them originally
believed themselves in contact with Hardrup-like angelic guardians.  Only
in recent years was the "angel" pose discarded and the true "alien" form
revealed.
  Thus we have one possible means of overcoming the proposition that
hypnosis cannot induce anti-social behavior.  If a hypnotist lacks
scruples, and has access to a particularly susceptible subject, he can
induce a MISPERCEIVED REALITY.  Actions which we would abhor in an everyday
context become acceptable in specialized circumstances: A citizen who could
never commit murder on a surburban street might, if drafted into an army,
kill on the field of battle.  In hypnosis, the mind becomes that
battlefield.  In the words of Dr. John   Watkins,

        We behave on the basis of our perceptions.  If our perceptions
     of a situation can be altered so as to cause us to misconstrue it,
     or to develop a false belief, then our behavior in relation to it
     will be drastically altered.  It is precisely in the area of
     changing perceptions that the hypnotic modality demonstrates its
     most powerful effects.  Hallucinations both under hypnosis, and
     posthypnotic, can easily be induced in the suggestible subject.
     He can be made to ignore painful stimuli, be apparently unable
     to hear loud sounds, AND "SEE" INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE NOT PRESENT
     [my italics].  Moreover, attitudes and beliefs can be initiated
     in him which are quite abnormal and often contrary to those
     which he previously held[100].

  If traditional hypnosis, unaided, can achieve such changes in perception,
one can only imagine the possibilities inherent in the combination of
hypnotic techniques with the psychoelectronic research previously
described.
  Scientists such as Orne and Milton Erickson[101] have taken issue with
Watkins' assertions.  But the Hardrup case would appear to bear Watkins out.
If someone can be convinced that he, like Jeanne D'Arc, acts under the
influence of a supernatural higher power, then previously unthinkable
capabilitites may be evinced and "impossible" actions carried forth.
Indeed, when we consider the extreme personality changes -- and
occasionally, the heinous actions, elicited by leaders of certain cults,
and occult groups[102], we understand the desirability of installing a
hypnotic "cover story" within a supernatural matrix.  People will do for
God -- or the Devil, or the Space Brothers -- what they would not do
otherwise.
  The date of the Hardrup affair corresponds to the institution of
BLUEBIRD/ARTICHOKE; it doesn't require much imagination to see how this
case could have served as a model to the scientists researching those and
subsequent projects.


SCREEN MEMORY

  According to declassified documents in the Marks files, a major
difficulty faced by the MKULTRA researchers concerned the "disposal
problem."  What to do with the victims of CIA-sponsored electroshock,
hypnosis, and drug experiment-ation?  The Company resorted to distressing,
but characteristic, tactics: They disposed of their human guinea pigs by
incarcerating them in insane asylums, by performing icepick lobotomies, and
by ordering "executive actions."[103]
  A more sophisticated solution had to be found.  One of the goals of the
CIA's mind control efforts was the erasure of memory via hypnosis (and
drugs, electronics, lobotomies, etc.); not only would this hide what
occurred during the experimental indoctrination/programming sessions, it
would prove useful in the field.  "Amnesia was a big goal," confirms Victor
Marchetti, who points out its usefulness in dealing with contract agents:
"After you've done it, the agent doesn't even know what he's done...you
send him in, he does the job.   When he comes out, you clean his head
out."[104]
  The big problem: Despite hypnotically-induced amnesia, there would be
memory leaks -- snippets of the repressed material would arise
spontaneously, in dreams, as flashbacks, etc.  A proposed solution: Give
the subject a "screen memory," a false story; thus, even if he starts to
recall the material, he will recall it incorrectly.
  Even the conservative Dr. Orne notes that:

        A S [subject] who is able to develop good posthypnotic amnesia
     will also respond to suggestions to remember events which did not
     actually occur.  On awakening, he will fail to recall the real
     events of the trance and will instead recall the suggested events.
     If anything, this phenomenon is easier to produce than total
     amnesia, perhaps because it eliminates the subjective feeling of
     an empty space in memory.[105]

  Not only would the screen memories fill in the uncomfortable blanks in
the subjects' recollection, they would protect against revelation.  One
fear of the MKULTRA scientists was that a hypno-programmed individual used
as, say, a courier, could be un-programmed by another hypnotist, perhaps
working for the enemy.  Thus, the MKULTRA scientists decided to instill
multiple personalities -- multiple cover stories, if you will -- to confuse
any "unauthorized" hypnotist.[106]
  One case using this technique centered on an assassin named Luis
Castillo, who, after his capture in the Philippines, was extensively
de-briefed and studied by experts in the employ of the National Bureau of
Investigation, that country's equivalent to our FBI.  Castillo was
discovered to have had at least FOUR separate personalities hypnotically
instilled; each personality could be triggered by a specific cue.  In one
state, he claimed to be Sgt. Manuel Angel Ramirez, of the Strategic Air
Tactical Command in South Vietnam; supposedly, "Ramirez" was the
illegitimate son of a certain pipe-smoking, highly-placed CIA official
whose initials were A.D.[107]  Another personality claimed to be one of
John F. Kennedy's assassins.
  The main hypnotist involved with this case labelled these hypnotic alter-
egos "Zombie states."  The report on the case stated that "The Zombie pheno-
menon referred to here is a somnambulistic behavior displayed by the subject
in a conditioned response to a series of words, phrases, and statements,
apparently unknown to the subject during his normal waking state."
  Upon Castillo's repatriation to the United States, the FBI claimed that
he had fabricated the story.  In his book OPERATION MIND CONTROL, Walter
Bowart makes a convincing case against the FBI's claims.  Certainly, many
aspects of the Castillo affair argue for his sincerity -- including his
hypnotically-induced insensitivity to pain[108], his maintenance of the
story (or stories) even when severly inebriated, and his apparently
programmed suicide attempts.
  If Castillo told the truth, as I believe he did, then he manifested both
hypnotically-induced multiple personality and pseudomemory.  The former
remains controversial; the latter has been repeatedly replicated in
experimental situations[109].
  This point is vitally important for students of the abduction phenomenon.
We CANNOT assume the accuracy of abduction descriptions given during
subsequent hypnotic regression.  Moreover, we cannot even assume the
accuracy of spon-taneously-arising recollections (i.e., abduction memories
not elicited through hypnotic regression).  Indeed, responsible skeptics
have argued that hypnotic regression may prove inadvertently harmful, in
that it may lock in place a false remembrance.  (Note, however, that other
psychiatric professionals consider hypnotic regression the best technique,
however flawed, in unlocking amnesia[110].  For my part, I maintain an
ambivalent and cautious attitude toward the use of hypnosis in abductee
work.)
  Granted, it is all too easy for the debunkers to cry "confabulation" to
dismiss hypnotic testimony which does not conform to our preconceptions
about the possible; I do not intend to make this same error.  Whenever
skeptics offer the phenomenon of pseudomemory to rationalize abduction
claims, they cite experimental situations in which PSEUDOMEMORY WAS
ORIGINALLY CREATED BY A   HYPNOTIST[111].  These experiments can not be
cited as proof that an individual abductee spontaneously conjured up a
fantasy (which just happens to correspond to the details of hundreds of
similar "fantasies").  Rather, laboratory studies of pseudomemory creation
prove MY point: Pseudomemory can be induced BY PREVIOUS HYPNOSIS[112].
  In other words, an abductee may talk of aliens -- when the reality was
something else entirely.
  In correspondence with me, a noted abduction researcher wrote of an
instance in which an abductee recounted seeing a helicopter during his
experience; as the abductee testimony progressed, the helicopter turned
into a UFO. During one of the (quite few) regression sessions I attended, I
heard an exactly similar narrative.  Hopkins would argue that the
helicopter was a "screen memory" hiding the awful reality of the UFO
encounter.  But does Occam's razor really cut that way?  Shouldn't we also
consider the possibility that the object in question really WAS a
helicopter -- which the abductee was instructed to recall as a UFO?


THE SUPER SPY

  Among the released BLUEBIRD/ARTICHOKE/MKULTRA papers was the following
handwritten memorandum, unsigned and undated:

        I have developed a technic which is safe and secure (free
     from international censorship).  It has to do with the
     conditioning of our own people.  I can accomplish this as a
     one-man job.
        The method is the production of hypnosis by means of
     simple oral medication.  Then (with NO further medication)
     the hypnosis is re-enforced daily during the following three
     or four days.
        Each individual is conditioned against revealing any
     information to an enemy, even though subjected to hypnosis
     or drugging.  If preferable, he may be conditioned to give
     FALSE information rather than NO information.

  In the margin of this document, one of Marks' assistants wrote, "Is this
Wendt?"  The reference here is to G. Richard ("BoB") Wendt, a professor
employed by project CHATTER who, in 1951, led both his Naval employers and
the CIA on a mind control merry-goose-chase, when an experiment similar to
that described above failed to produce results[113].  Even if the above
memorandum DOES describe an operational failure (and the tactics described
in this memo do not seem very feasible to me), we should not rest
complacent.  We now know that, in at least ONE case, more sophisticated
techniques made the above scenario a reality.
  I refer to the case of Candy Jones.
  Her story has filled at least one book[114] and ought, one day, to give
rise to another.  Obviously, I cannot here give all the details of this
fascinating and frightening narrative.  But a precis is mandatory.
  Ms. Jones (born Jessica Wilcox) achieved star status as a model during
World War II, and later established her own modelling agency.  An FBI man
requested her to allow her place of business to be used as a "mail drop" for
the Bureau and "another government agency" (presumably, the CIA); Candy,
deeply patriotic, accepted the proposition gladly.  Toiling on the fringes
of the clandestine world, Candy eventually came into contact with a "Dr.
Gilbert Jensen," who worked, in turn, with a "Dr. Marshall Burger."  (Both
names are pseudonyms.)  Unknown to her, these doctors had been employed as
"spy-chiatrists" by the CIA.  Using a job interview as a cover, Jensen
induced hypnosis, found Candy to be a particularly responsive subject --
and proceeded to use her as other scientists would use a rhesus monkey.  She
became a test subject for the CIA's mind control program.
  Her job -- insofar as it is known -- was to provide a clandestine courier
service[115].  Estabrooks had outlined the basic idea years earlier: Induce
hypnosis via a disguised technique, give the messenger information to
memorize, hypnotically "erase" the message from conscious memory, and
install a post-hypnotic suggestion that the message (now buried within the
sub-conscious) will be brought forth only upon a specific cue.  If the
hypnotist can create such a courier, ultra-security can be guaranteed; even
torture won't cause the messenger to tell what he knows -- because he
doesn't know that he knows it[116].  According to the highly respected Dr.
Milton Kline, "Evidence really does exist that has not been published"
proving that Estabrooks' perfect secret agent could be successfully
evoked[117].
  Candy was one such success story.  Success, in this context, means that
she could be -- and was -- brutally tortured and abused while running
assignments for the CIA.  All the MKULTRA toys were brought into play:
hypnosis, drugs, conditioning -- and electronics.  Using these devices,
Jensen and Burger managed to:

-- install a "duplicate personality,"

-- create amnesia of both the programming sessions and the field
assignments,

-- turn Candy into a vicious, hate-mongering bigot, the better to isolate
her
  from the rest of humanity (previously, her associates considered her
  noteworthy for her racial tolerance; her modelling agency was one of the
  first to break the color barrier), and

-- program her to commit suicide at the end of her usefulness to the Agency.

  The programming techniques used on her were flawed.  She breached
security when she married famed New York radio personality John Nebel[118],
who, using hypnotic regression, elicited the long-repressed truth.
Eventually, the "Other Candy" was bade farewell, and the programming
broken.
  Skeptics might find Candy's story as incredible as the abduction
accounts--after all, an amateur had conducted her hypnotic regression, and
the possi-bility of confabulation always lurks.  Nevertheless, I feel that
the veracity of her narrative has been established beyond reasonable doubt.
In her hypnotic regression sessions, she recalled being programmed at a
government-connected institute in northern California -- which, as John
Marks' investigators later proved, was indeed heavily involved with
government-funded brainwashing research[119].  Marks himself believes
Candy's story -- not least, because the details of the programming methods
used on her were substantiated by documents released AFTER her book was
published[120].  Interviews with Milton Kline, Dr. Frances Jakes, John
Watkins and others provided the testimony that the programming of Candy
Jones was feasible -- and Deep Trance substantiated the story[121].
  Recently, the case has received important "indirect" confirmation:
Investigators interested in follow-up research have filed FOIA requests with
the CIA for all papers relating to Candy Jones.  The agency admits that it
has a substantial file on her, but refuses to release any part of it.  If
her tale is false, then why would the CIA be so reluctant to deliver the
information?   Indeed, why would they have a file in the first place?[122]
  The final confirmation of Candy's tale requires a revelation -- one which
I make with some trepidation, even though the individual named is dead.
  "Marshall Burger" was really Dr. William Kroger[123].
  Kroger, long associated with the espionage establishment, had written the
following in 1963:

        ...a good subject can be hypnotized to deliver secret
     information.  The memory of this message could be covered
     by an artificially-induced amnesia.  In the event that he
     should be captured, he naturally could not remember that he
     had ever been given the message...however, since he had
     been given a post-hypnotic suggestion, the message would be
     subject to recall through a specific cue.[124]

  If Candy confabulated her story, why did she name this particualr
scientist, who, writing theoretically in 1963, predicted the subsequent
events in her life?[125]
  After L'AFFAIR JONES, Kroger transferred his base of operations to UCLA
-- specifically, to the Neuropsychiatric Institute run by Dr. Louis Jolyon
West, an MKULTRA veteran.  There he wrote HYPNOSIS AND BEHAVIOR
MODIFICATION[126], with a preface by Martin Orne (another MKULTRA veteran)
and H.J. Eysenck (still another MKULTRA veteran).  The finale of this opus
contains chilling hints of the possibilites inherent in combining hypnosis
with ESB, implants, and conditioning -- though Kroger is careful to point
out that "we are not concerned that man might be conditioned by rewards and
punishments through electronic brain stimulation to be controlled like
robots."[127]  HE may not be concerned -- but perhaps WE ought to be.
  The control of Candy Jones gives us much information useful to our "alien
abduction" hypothesis.
  1. Her torture sessions -- inflicted during her programming by her CIA
masters, and on missions by as-yet mysterious persons -- seem strikingly
like the otherwise senselessly painful "examinations" allegedly conducted
aboard alien spacecraft.
  2. Her personality shifts roughly parallel those experienced by certain
UFO abductees.
  3. Despite her brutalization, she remained "loyal" to Drs. Jensen and
Burger.  This bewildering behavior reminds me of my first abductee
interviews, during which I heard ghastly descriptions of UFO torture
sessions -- followed by protestations of limitless love for the alien
pain-mongers.
  4. Like many abductees, Candy had to attend regular "conditioning"
sessions. Repeated exposure to the programming is necessary to effect
continuous control.
  5. To maintain their hammerlock on her mind, Candy's handlers programmed
her to remain isolated.  Specifically, they instilled a deep paranoia
toward other human beings; "outsiders" were probable enemies, out to use or
abuse her. I have seen this pattern consistently in my own work with
abductees[128].  Skep-tics would argue that unreasonable abductee fears
probably indicate paranoid schizophrenia--one symptom of which can, indeed,
be hallucinatory experiences.  But most abductees are easily hypnotized,
while paranoid schizophrenics are extremely difficult to "put under,"
according to Dr. Edward Simpson-Kallas, a psychiatrist with wide experience
in the area of forensic hypnosis[129].  If, however, those unreasonable
fears had been hypnotically induced, the contra-diction is resolved.
  6. Candy was the product of an unhappy childhood, hence her propensity
toward multiple personality[130].  Many of the "repeater" abductees I have
interviewed had similarly depressing family histories[131].
  7. The story of Candy Jones also has what we might call a "negative
relevance" to the abduction accounts.  Because the Controllers did not
establish a hypnotic cover story, or pseudomemory, the true facts of the
case managed to percolate into her conscious mind.  No matter how thorough
the post-hypnotic amnesia, leaks will occur -- hence the need for a false
memory, to fill the gap of recollection.  The CIA learns from its mistakes.
Candy's hypno-programming broke down in early 1973 -- the year the "alien
disguise" became (if my hypothesis proves correct) standard operating
procedure[132].  (Milton Kline accepted the Candy Jones story, but
considered the job amateurish and inconsistent with the best work done at
that time[133].  Perhaps the major fault was the lack of a pseudomemory
cover story?)


BASES OF SUSPICION

  "Underground base" rumors are as hot as jalapenos in the UFO field right
now, and several of these stories involve abductions.
  For example, a sideshow of the famous Bentwaters UFO case involves the
abduction of an airman named Larry Warren to an underground cavity beneath
the military base.  There, while in what he later described as "a bit of a
drugged state," he saw aliens and human beings -- military figures --
working side-by- side[134].
  I have spoken to another abductee, Nancy Wright, who was allegedly taken
to an underground chamber ten miles north of Edwards AFB, California.  As
this was a multiple-witness event, and Ms. Wright has not attempted to
capitalize on the story for financial gain, I tend to credit her
story[135].  According to abduction researcher Miranda Parks, an elderly
couple living in the vicinity was also abducted in an exactly similar
fashion[136].
  In 1979, Paul Bennewitz and Leo Sprinkle researched a particularly
controversial abduction involving a young woman (name unrevealed) who was
apparently taken to a facility where aliens processed fluids and body parts
from a cattle mutilation.  This investigation seems to have led to the
government harassment of Bennewitz, in which some form of mind control (or,
as I have previously referred to it, "electronic GASLIGHT") may have played
a part[137].
  How do we account for these tales of alleged alien skullduggery carried
out in conjunction with the military?  I, for one, cannot credit the
generally-unsubstantiated tales of "cosmic conspiracy" now promulgated by
ex-intelligence agents such as John Lear and William Cooper.  While I
cannot assert insincerity on the part of these men, I often wonder if they
have been used as conduits -- witting or unwitting -- in a sophisticated
disinformation scheme.
  A simpler, though no less chilling, explanation for the "base" abductions
may be found in the story of Dr. Louis Jolyon ("boB") West, now notorious
for his participation in MKULTRA experiments with LSD[138].  Inspired by
VIOLENCE AND THE BRAIN (a book by Drs. Frank ("Bob") Ervin and Vernon H.
("BoB") Mark which ascribed inner city turmoil to a "genetic defect" within
rebellious blacks), West proposed, in 1973, a Center for the Study and
Reduction of Violence, where potentially violent individuals could be dealt
with prophylactically.  ["I was cured, all right." - A CLOCKWORK ORANGE
-jpg]
  And who were these individuals?  According to West's proposal, the note-
worthy factors indicating a violent predisposition were "sex (male), age
(youthful), ethnicity (black) and urbanicity."  How to deal with them?
"...by implanting tiny electrodes deep within the brain, electrical
activity can be followed in areas that cannot be measured from the surface
of the scalp...it is even possible to record bioelectrical changes in the
brains of freely-moving subjects, through the use of remote monitoring
techniques..."  By monitoring the subjects' EEGs remotely, potentially
violent episodes could be identified.
  For our purposes, the most significant aspect of this proposal had to do
with location.  In a secret communication to Dr. J.M. ("BoB") Stubblebine,
director of the California State Department of Health (fortunately, this
missive was "leaked" to the public), West disclosed that he intended to
house his Center in an abandoned Nike missile base, whose location was
accessible yet relatively remote.  "The site is securely fenced," West
wrote.  "Compara-tive studies could be carried out there, in an isolated
but convenient location, of experimental model programs, for the alteration
of undesirable behavior."[139]
  Public outcry stopped these plans.  But was this scheme truly eliminated?
Or was it merely modified, stripped (temporarily) of its overtly racial
overtones and relocated to some less-accessible spot?
  One thing is certain: A CIA "spy-chiatrist" favored secret behavior
control experimentation in a remote military installation.  Perhaps someone
within the espionage establishment's mind-modification divisions still
thinks highly of the idea.  If so, the disposal problem would once again
rear its ugly head, should "visitors" to these installations ever reappear
in outside society.   Again, a hypno-programmed cover story -- the less
believable, the better -- would prove invaluable.


THE SCANDINAVIAN CONNECTION

  Many books have been written about abductees, yet few exist about the
victims of mind control.  I cannot understand this situation; the reality of
UFOs is still controversial, yet the existence of mind control was verified
in two (heavily compromised) congressional investigations and in thousands
of FOIA documents.  Nevertheless, the abductees find many a sympathetic
ear, while those few who dare to proclaim themselves the victims of known
government programs rarely find anyone to hear them out.  Our prejudices on
this score are regrettable, for if we listened to the "controllees" we
would hear many details strikingly similar to those mentioned by UFO
abductees.
  Two cases in point: Martti Koski and Robert Naeslund.
  Koski, a Finnish citizen, claims to have been a victim of mind control
experimentation while visiting Canada.  Shortly after his experience began,
he attempted to broadcast his situation to the world and draw attention to
his plight.  Few listened.  Many of his details were bizarre, and not being
a native speaker of English, he could not express himself convincingly to
those he approached for help.  Yet many aspects of his story correspond
closely to known details of MKULTRA and related programs.
  Naeslund, a Swedish citizen, tells a similar story.  Moreover, his claims
were backed by special evidence: X-rays revealed an implant in his brain.
Naeslund actually went to the extreme of having his implant tested by
electronic technicians employed by Hewlett-Packard.  A Greek surgeon
performed the necessary trepanation to remove the device.
  Many aspects of the Koski and Naeslund stories correspond to my
hypothesis.  Koski, for example, was at one point told that the doctors
afflicting him were actually "aliens from Sirius."  At another point, he
was led to believe that he was under direction of "the Lord."  (As I
previously indicated, manipulation of religious imagery could help induce
anti-social behavior; the subject's super-ego can be nullified if he
believes that he follows commands from on high.  Such manipulation may
explain the more bizarre aspects of Betty Andreasson Luca's
abduction[140].)
  Naeslund's implant was originally placed through his nasal cavity.  He
first realized that something terrible had happened to him after an
experience of missing time, followed by an INEXPLICABLE NOSEBLEED.
  This detail will be instantly familiar to anyone who has studied
abductions; I have encountered it in my own conversations with abductees.
For an excellent example in the UFO literature, I refer the reader to the
case of Susan Ransted, as detailed in Kevin D. Randle's THE UFO
CASEBOOK[141]; the background of alleged contactee Diane Tessman is also
noteworthy in this regard[142].   Intriguingly, I have located a reference
in the open literature to the use, in animal study, of nasally-implanted
electrodes for the measurement of electro-magnetic radiation effects[143].
  There are other claimed mind control victims bearing evidence of
implants; note, especially, the fascinating case of James Petit, a
CIA-connected pilot and alleged brainwashing alumnus; X-rays of his cranium
have revealed abductee-style implants -- fitting, perhaps, since his body
bears abductee-style scars.  [144]  Conversely, certain abductees will, if
allowed a thorough and sympa-thetic hearing, deliver testimony strongly
agreeing with Koski's narrative.


HELICOPTERS AND DISKS

  The bizarre story of Rex Niles and his sister (not named in news
accounts) may shed interesting light on a variety of abductee cases,
particularly that of Betty and Barney Hill[145].  Niles, the high-rolling
owner of a Woodland Hills defense subcontracting firm (Rex Rep) was
fingered by authorities investigating defense industry kickbacks.  He
became an extraordinarily cooperative witness in the investigation -- until
he was targeted by his enemies, who allegedly used psychoelectronics as
harassment.
  The following excerpt from the LOS ANGELES TIMES article on Niles is
particularly compelling:

        He [Niles] produced testimony from his sister, a Simi
     Valley woman who swears that helicopters have repeatedly
     circled her home.  An engineer measured 250 watts of
     microwaves in the atmosphere outside Niles' house and
     found a RADIOACTIVE DISK UNDERNEATH THE DASH OF HIS CAR
     [my italics].
        A former high school friend, Lyn Silverman, claimed
     that her home computer went haywire when Niles stepped
     close to it.

  No aliens in this story -- yet how similar it is to tales of alien
abduction!  The low-flying helicopters, of course, are frequently reported
by abduction victims -- the Betty Andreasson Luca case provides the best-
known example[146].  The haywire electronics equipment is also frequently
encountered in putative abduction cases; I have spoken (independently) to
three women who claimed to have been able to disturb or shut off televisions
and stereos simply by walking past the devices; one woman even claimed she
had switched off her TV simply by pointing at it.
  But the radioactive disc is especially intriguing.  As former FBI agent
Ted Gunderson recently explained to my associate Alexander Constantine,
magnetic radioactive discs have long been used by the clandestine services
as cancer-inducing "silent killers" -- i.e., as tools of assassination.  Not
only that.  The disc calls to mind one little-remembered detail of the Hill
case -- the dozen-or-so circular "shiny spots," each the size of a silver
dollar, found on the trunk of her car directly after the abduction.  A
compass needle reacted wildly when placed near these spots.  Could they
have marked the location where an electromagnetic or radioactive device,
similar to that found by Niles, was placed on the car?  (Such a device
might have been held to the spot magnetic-ally, hence the circular
impressions.)  If so, then the disorienting EMR could have helped induce
the Hills' "UFO sighting."


THE MILITARY AND MIND CONTROL

  Some time ago, I attended hypnotic regression sessions in which the
subject -- a claimed UFO abductee -- recalled undergoing a mysterious "brain
operation" at a veteran's hospital in California.  The operation was
performed by human beings, not aliens.  Interestingly, this same hospital
was mentioned in two other cases I encountered.  These other claims were
not made by abductees, but by people alleged to have been victims of mind
control experi-mentation.
  One of these claimants, a former Navy SEAL who undertook numerous
dangerous missions in Vietnam, favorably impressed me with the wealth of
detail in his story[147].  This individual -- I've taken to calling him
"the trained SEAL"-- had received specialized combat training at a military
base in California; he claims that at one point during this training he was
drugged, hypnotized, possibly placed under some form of electronic control,
and subjected to the extremes of pain/pleasure operant conditioning.  One
peculiar detail of his story concerns the "reward" aspect of the
conditioning: When properly acquiescent, he was given unlimited sexual
access to a woman who, the SEAL avers, was herself the victim of
brainwashing.
  Unbelievable as this last claim may seem, I found it oddly resonant when
I later interviewed a prominent abductee in the Southern California area,
who bravely offered me details on a puzzling, albeit quite delicate,
incident in her past.  Still an attractive woman, she recalled for me --
indeed, seemed strangely compelled to describe -- an early love affair with
a young soldier training at a military base near her home.  She cannot
recall the soldier's name.  All she remembers is that one day he started
LIVING AT HER FAMILY'S HOUSE; she has no memory of how the arrangement
began, and her parents have never felt comfortable discussing the matter.
Although unattracted to this soldier, she felt compelled to become intimate
with him, adopting a pliant, obeisant attitude that was quite out of
character for her.  Later, the soldier went on to covert missions in
Vietnam.
  Of course, a young person's psycho-sexual development is never smooth,
and the incident related above may merely have represented one peculiarly
upsetting bump in that notoriously rough road.  Still, some of the details
of this story -- particularly the parents' attitude, the woman's
personality shift, and her subsequent memory lapses -- are striking, and I
treat with respect the abductee's intuition that this minor enigma in her
personal history could, if properly understood, shed light on her later
"missing time" experiences.
  Could the "trained SEAL" have been right?  Was there, IS there, a coterie
of hypno-programmed soldiers conducting particularly hazardous missions?
And do the programmers have at their disposal a "ladies' auxiliary," so to
speak, of hypnotized camp followers?
  If the SEAL's story stood alone, skeptics could easily dismiss it
(provided they did not sit, as I did, face-to-face with the story's teller,
listening to all the grisly and unsettling details).  But other veterans
have added their voices to this grim tale.  Daniel Sheehan, of the Christic
Institute, claims that his organization has spoken to half-a-dozen
individuals with narratives similar to my SEAL informant.  All had received
"processing," so to speak, within the context of standard military
training; after programming and specialized combat instruction by
mercenaries, the recruits were placed "on hold," to be used as situations
arose -- and some of those situations occurred within the United
States[148].
  Walter Bowart began his own researches into mind control by placing an ad
in SOLDIER-OF-FORTUNE-style publications, asking for correspondence from
veterans who experienced inexplicable lapses in memory or strange behavior
modification techniques while serving in Vietnam; he received over 100
replies.  Bowart devoted an entire chapter to one of these respondents --
an Air Force veteran named David, who ended his four-year tour of duty
recalling only that he had spent the time "having fun, skin diving, laying
on the beach, collecting shells...It never dawned on me until later that I
must have DONE something while I was in the service."  (An obvious example
of screen memory.)  He was also "assigned" a girlfriend whose name he
cannot now recall, despite the length and deep intimacy of the affair[149].
The parallels to the SEAL's story and the abductee's account should be
obvious.
  We even have a confession, of sorts, from a scientist who specialized in
one aspect of this sort of training.  Lt. Commander Thomas ("Bob") Narut,
of the U.S. Naval Hospital at the NATO headquarters in Naples, Florida,
admitted during a lecture in Oslo that recruits in Naples underwent
CLOCKWORK-ORANGE-style behavior modification sessions.  Trainees would be
strapped into chairs with their eyelids clamped open while watching films
of industrial accidents and African circumcision ceremonies -- films
frequently used by psychologists as a means of inducing stress in
experimental situations.  Unlike the protagonist in A CLOCKWORK ORANGE, who
learned revulsion at the sight of violence, Narut's soldiers were taught to
accept and enjoy bloodshed, to view it with equanimity.  Similar techniques
were used to dehumanize potential enemies.  Graduates of this program
became, in Narut's words, "hit men and assassins," to be placed in American
embassies throughout the world.
  When questioned by reporters about these claims, the American government
denied the story; Narut -- after a long incommunicado period and apparent
coercion -- later explained to journalists that he had merely spoken
theoretically.  If so, why did he originally describe the behavior
modification procedure as an ongoing program?[150]
  And while it may seem frivolous to return to the subject of abductions
after examining such grim data, I should remind the reader of the many
abduction accounts in which abductees recall being forced to watch certain
stress-inducing motion pictures.  The aliens, it seems, have learned a few
lessons from Dr. Narut.
  Narut, of course, concentrated on selective programming of individual
American soldiers; on the other side of the mind control spectrum, Defense
Department specialists have also concentrated on methods to render entire
enemy battalions "combat ineffective."  Electromagnetic weaponry, intended
to wipe out the aggression of the enemy, is the province of DARPA, under
the direction of Dr. Jack ("Bob" Dobbs) Verona.  These projects remain
fairly mysterious; we do know, however, that one operation, SLEEPING
BEAUTY, employed the services of Dr. Michael ("BoB") Persinger, a scientist
who has expressed interesting views regarding UFOs.
  Persinger discovered a method of using ELF waves to induce the brain's
MAST cells to release histamine; should a battlefield commander wish to
subject his enemy to mass bouts of vomiting, Persinger's trick could do the
job even faster than a Tobe Hooper movie.  The method works on animals.
"The question," writes mind control researcher Larry Collins, "is how to
get from point A to point B without violating one of the most rigorous
commandments of Government ethics -- thou shalt not conduct experiments
like that on human beings."[151]
  If Collins had studied the record a little more carefully, he might
realize that the government hasn't always regarded this commandment as
something graven in stone.  As Milton Kline put it:

        Ethical factors involved in most research would preclude
     having positive results.  Those ethical factors don't always
     hold with government research.  THE RESEARCH WHICH HAS GIVEN
     REALLY POSITIVE RESULTS HAS NOT BEEN LIMITED BY ETHICAL
     CONSTRAINTS[152].  [my italics]


THE ULTIMATE MOTIVE FOR MIND CONTROL

  Hypnosis hard-liners of the Orne school would almost certainly dismiss
the foregoing veterans' accounts of the use of hypnosis, drugs and
behavioral conditioning on American fighting men.  Why, the skeptics would
ask, would anyone attempt to create a "Manchurian Candidate" when the
military services, using entirely conventional means, can create a "Rambo"?
There have always been recruits for even the most hazardous duties; what
need of hypnosis?
  The need, in fact, is absolute.
  The modern battlefield has little place for the traditional soldier.
Advanced weaponry requires an increasing level of technical sophistication,
which in turn requires a cool-headed operator.  But the all-too-human
combatant -- though capable of extraordinary acts of courage under the most
stressful conditions imaginable -- does not possess inexhaustible reserves
of SANG-FROID.  Eventually, breakdowns will occur.  Per-capita psychiatric
casualties have increased dramatically in each successive American conflict.
As Richard Gabriel, the excellent historian of the role of psychiatry in
warfare, writes:

        Modern warfare has become so lethal and so intense that
     only the already insane can endure it...Modern war requiring
     continuous combat will increase the degree of fatigue on the
     soldier to heretofore unknown levels.  Physical fatigue --
     especially the lack of sleep -- will increase the rate of
     psychiatric casualties enormously.  Other factors -- high
     rates of indirect fire, night fighting, lack of food, constant
     stress, large numbers of casualties -- will ensure that the
     number of psychiatric casualties will reach disastrous pro-
     portions.  And the number of casualties will overburden the
     medical structure to the point of collapse.
        The ability to treat psychiatric casualties will all but
     disappear.  There will be no safe forward areas in which to
     treat soldiers debilitated by mental collapse.  The technology
     of modern war has made such locations functionally obsolete...[153]

  According to Gabriel, the military intends to meet this challenge by
creating "the chemical soldier," a designer-drugged zombie in fighting man's
uniform:

        On the battlefields of the future we will witness a true
     clash of ignorant armies, armies ignorant of their own
     emotions and even of the reasons for which they fight.
     Soldiers on all sides will be reduced to fearless chemical
     automatons who fight simply because they can do nothing
     else...Once the chemical genie is out of the bottle, the
     full range of human mental and physical actions become
     targets for chemical control...Today it is already possible
     by chemical or electrical stimulation to increase the
     aggression levels of the human being by stimulating the
     amygdala, a section of the brain known to control aggression
     and rage.  Such "human potential engineering" is already a
     partial reality and the necessary technical knowledge
     increases every day[154].

  While this passage speaks of drugs and electronics, we can safely assume
that the planners of battle would not refrain from using any other promising
technique.
  Gabriel writes primarily of large-scale battle scenarios, but based on
his information, we can fairly deduce that the mind-controlled soldier will
also play a role in the surgical strike, the covert operation, the
infiltration behind enemy lines by units of the Special Forces.  On such
missions, United States personnel have increasingly relied on torture as a
means of interro-gation and intimidation[155], and as such barbarism
becomes standard procedure the American fighting man of the future will
need to find within himself unprecedented reserves of brutality.  Will the
average recruit, culled from the nation's suburbs and reared on traditional
ideals, possess such reserves?
  Vietnam proved that the soldier, despite a barrage of propaganda intended
to cloud his discernment, will sense the difference between fighting for
legit-imate defense interests and fighting to protect political hegemony.
To forestall this realization, or to render it irrelevant, military
planners must withdraw the human combatant and replace him with a new
species of warrior.   The soldier of the future will not discern; he will
merely do.  He will not be a butcher; he will be the butcher's KNIFE -- a
tool among tools, thoughtless and effective.
  And it is my contention that to create this soldier of the future, the
controllers will need a continuing program, one designed to test each new
method and combination of methods for conquering the human mind.
  One primary goal of this program must include expanding the human
capacity for stress and violence.  Subjects enrolled in such experimental
procedures will experience pain, and will learn to accept the pain.
Eventually, they will learn to inflict it, without remorse or even
remembrance.  The nation who first creates this new soldier will possess a
decisive advantage on the "conven-tional" battlefield -- as will the nation
which first develops a means of using mass mind control techniques to
disable entire enemy platoons.  [And to placate whole civilian populations,
both those of the enemy and those at home. -jpg] This paramount military
necessity is the reason why I will never believe any   unconvincing
reassurances that our nation's clandestine scientists have fore-gone or
will forego research into behavior modification.  This research will
never be mere history.  What's past is present, and today's covert
experimentation will become tomorrow's basic training.
  A prototype of the future warrior may already be with us.  The Navy SEAL
I interviewed spoke in horrifying detail of dismemberment without emotion,
of rape as routine, of killing without affect.  And then FORGETTING THAT HE
HAD KILLED.  Even years later, he could not recall the stories behind many
of the wounds on his own body.  He claims that whenever he would need the
services of the veteran's hospital, doctors would re-hypnotize him shortly
after his admission, while a physician specifically cleared for such work
would examine his medical history, which was highly classified and kept
under lock and key.
  According to the SEAL's testimony, his memory block cracked little by
little, as a result of events too complex to recount here.  Finally, years
after Vietnam, he was able to remember what he did.
  Amnesia was a blessing.

                               IV. Abductions

  Press and public now regard abductees as tony curiosities, yet science,
for the most part, still banishes their tales to the domain of the damned,
as Charles Fort defined damnation.  So too with claimed victims of mind
control. The Voice of Authority tells us that MKULTRA belongs to history;
like Hasdrubal and Hitler, it threatened once, but no more.  Anyone
insisting otherwise must be silenced by glib rationalization and selective
inattention.
  Yet these two topics -- UFO abductions and mind control -- have more in
common than their mutual ostracization.  The data overlap.  If we could
chart these phenomena on a Venn diagram, we would see a surprisingly large
intersection between the two circles of information.  It is this overlap I
seek to address.
  Note, however, that I can NOT address all the other interesting and
important issues raised by the UFO abduction experience.  For exmaple, I
have written, admittedly rather vaguely, of nasal implants reported by
abductees -- the sort of detail which might place an account in the "high
strangeness" category, and of course, a detail central to my thesis.  But
what percentage of the percipients speak of such implants?  A truly
scientific analysis would provide a figure.  Unfortunately, I haven't the
resources to compile a sufficiently large abductee sample from which one
could draw statistics.  Nor can I make an over-arching qualitative
analysis, measuring the value of "high strangeness" reports against other
abductee claims.  All I can do is note the available literature, and leave
the reader to wonder, as I do, whether the compilers of that literature
concentrated on exceptional cases or were biased in favor of the less
fantastic abductee accounts.  I have supplemented readings of the abduction
literature with my own interviews with percipients -- which, since
abductees tend to know other abductees, can give a surprisingly wide view
of the phenomenon.  This view has been broadened still further by my talks
and correspondence with other members of the UFO community.
  Of course, we must recognize the difference between testimony and proof.
No one can state definitively that abduction reports have a basis in
objective reality (however misperceived).  Ultimately, all we have are
stories.  Some of these stories may be of questionable veracity; others may
be contaminated by investigator bias; many are insufficiently detailed.  No
one research paper can resolve all abduction controversies, and many
necessary battles must be fought on other fields.
  Still, the testimony won't go away -- and we certainly have enough to
allow for comparisons.  I maintain that an unprejudiced overview of
abduction reports in the popular press and the less-familiar material on
mind control will demonstrate a striking correlation.  Once other abduction
researchers have been educated in the ways of MKULTRA (and this paper is
intended as an introductory text) they may note a similar pattern.  If so,
we can then begin to write a revisionist history of the phenomenon.
  The abduction enigma contains within it sub-mysteries that slide into the
mind control scenario with surprising ease, even elegance -- mysteries which
fit the E.T. hypothesis as uncomfortably as a size 10 foot fits into a size
8 shoe.  As we have seen, the MKULTRA thesis explains the reports of
abductee intracerebral implants (particularly reports involving
nosebleeds), unusual scars, "telepathic" communication (i.e., externally
induced intracerebral voices) concurrent with or following the abduction
encounter, allegations that some abductees hear unusual sound effects
(similar to those created by the hemi-synch and cognate devices), haywire
electronic devices in abductee homes, personality shifts, "training films,"
manipulation of religious imagery, and missing time.  Needless to say, the
thesis of clandestine government experimentation readily accounts for
abductee claims of human beings "working" with the aliens, and for the
government harassment that plays so prominent a role in certain abductee
reports.
  Let's look at some more correlations.


THE HILL CASE AND THE "ADVANCED" ALIENS

  Earlier, I asked, "Do the aliens also watch black-and-white television?"
in reference to their alleged use of old-fashioned, Terra-style brain
implantation devices.  Abduction accounts abound in other examples of alien
"retro-technology."  The most striking example can be found in the Betty
and Barney Hill incident, the details of which are too well-known to
recount here[156].  As we have already glimpsed during our discussion of
the Rex Niles affair, the Hills' "interrupted journey" abounds in data
which, taken together, permits the construction of an alternative
explanation.
  At one point during the alleged UFO abduction, the "examiners" inserted a
needle in Betty Hill's navel, telling her that this practice constituted a
test for pregnancy[157].  Some ufologists[158] rashly assume that Betty
Hill's "pregnancy test" is evidence of advanced extraterrestrial
technology, since her 1961 account pre-dates the official announcement of
amniocentesis, which does indeed make use of a needle inserted into the
navel.  But we now have much less invasive means of testing for pregnancy
than amniocentesis. True, amniocentesis is still sometimes used to gather
information about the fetus, but the wielders of a highly evolved
technology would certainly use other methods of determining the existence
of pregnancy in the first place.
  Betty Hill's testimony reminds us of certain other abduction accounts,
which contain descriptions of "healings" surprisingly similar to the
procedures associated with still-experimental electromagnetic therapy
techniques, such as those described in Robert O. Becker's THE BODY
ELECTRIC.  For example, abductee Deanna Dube described for me an
abduction-related "regeneration" of her long-damaged heart; had she been
familiar with Becker's work[159], she might have been a bit less rapid to
ascribe her healing to otherworldly influences.
  Medical breakthroughs often undergo years of testing before their
official "discovery."  For some of these tests, finding volunteers present
a major obstacle.  If we accept the proposition that the Hill incident
originated in an external and objective stimulus, we must then ask
ourselves which scenario is more likely: Did Betty Hill encounter human
beings using a technique ten years ahead of its time?  Or did she encounter
aliens (reputedly a "billion years ahead of us") using science from eons
before THEIR time?
  One must also ask why Betty Hill's aliens seemed to have no grasp of
basic human concepts (such as how we measure time) -- yet they knew enough
about us to speak English fluently and had even mastered our slang.  Were
these real aliens, or humans engaging in theatricals (and occasionally
muffing their lines)?  For that matter, why did Betty Hill originally
recall her abductors as humanoid, only later describing them as aliens?
  The Hill case provided a particularly controversial piece of evidence --
the celebrated "star map" recalled by Betty Hill under hypnosis.  In later
years, an Ohio schoolteacher named Marjorie Fish made an ingenious and
laudable attempt to discover a match for this map by constructing an
elaborate three-dimensional model of nearby star systems; whether she
succeeded remains a matter for keen debate[160].  For now, I prefer to
avoid taking sides in this dispute and will confine myself to insisting
that pro-ET ufologists answer (WITHOUT resorting to glib ripostes) a point
first raised by Jacques Vallee: THE MAP MAKES NO SENSE AS A NAVIGATIONAL
AID.  Vallee notes that, even if we grant the Fish interpretation, the
stars are not drawn to scale -- and at any rate, alien spaceships would
surely be navigated the same way we guide our own spacecraft: via computers
and telemetry[161].  The validity of the Fish interpretation is irrelevent;
the point is that ANY such chart would have NO value to an interstellar
star-farer.
  Fish's work raises other controversies: Allegedly, the map points to Zeta
Reticuli as the aliens' home system and pictures Zeta Reticuli as a single
star, a view consistent with scientific opinion of the 1960s.  Yet in later
years scientists discovered that Zeta Reticuli is binary[162].  Moreover,
how did our abductee manage to remember so accurately a complex chart
glimpsed in passing?  Even allowing for the possibility of increased
accuracy of recollection under hypnotic regression, the memory feat here
seems remarkable.  Consider the circumstances of the abduction: Kafka on
hallucinogens couldn't have conceived of the nightmare vision confronting
Betty Hill that night -- yet for some reason this particular arrangement of
stars emerged as her most intensely-detailed recollection of the
experience.
  This memory (if not confabulated during regression, a possibility we
should always weigh) is comprehensible only as an example of
ARTIFICIALLY-INDUCED HYPERMNESIA.  In other words, Betty Hill was DIRECTED
to store that chart within her subconscious.  The celebrated star map ought
to be recognized for what it was: a prop, a seemingly-confirmatory
circumstantial detail meant to convince her -- and perhaps US -- of the
reality of her abduction.  [cf. Strieber's citation of the woman with the
memory of ancient Celtic "fairy speak." -jpg]
  The question of motive arises.  Why -- if my thesis is correct -- were
these two fairly innocuous individuals chosen for this new variation on the
old MKULTRA tricks?
  The selection might, of course, have been arbitrary.  Or perhaps circum-
stances now irretrievably lost to history rendered the couple a convenient
target.  Interestingly, Barney Hill had become acquainted (through church
functions) with the head of Air Force intelligence at Pease Air Force Base;
perhaps this relationship first brought the Hills to the attention of
members of the intelligence community.  Arguably, the Hills could have been
fingered for a wide variety of reasons; as a general rule, the clandestine
services prefer to satisy a number of itches with one scratch.
  In fact, the espionage establishment had one particularly compelling
reason to focus on the Hills.  Barney Hill (a black man) and his wife held
important positions in several civil rights organizations, including the
NAACP[163].  The abduction took place during the 1960s, when the NAACP and
allied groups fell victim to an increasingly paranoid series of attacks
from the FBI and other governmental agencies (under operations COINTELPRO,
CHAOS, GARDEN PLOT, etc.)[164].  At that time, infiltration of civil rights
groups proved a difficult chore; while most left-leaning groups provided
easy targets for FBI stooges, the average undercover operative would have
had an exceptionally difficult time posing as a black activist.  (In 1961,
the only black people on the FBI's payroll were the servants in J. Edgar
Hoover's home.)
  In light of these facts, we should recall Victor Marchetti's anecdote
about the cat that the CIA had "wired for sound."  Perhaps an ambitious
covert scientist proposed a similar experiment, in which a human being
would play the role that had once been assigned to the unfortunate feline?
As Estabrooks noted, the ultimate espionage agent would be the spy who
doesn't KNOW he is a spy.  Barney Hill, a well-regarded figure with a
near-genius-level IQ, was a safe bet to obtain a leadership role in any
group he joined; he would have been remarkably well-positioned, had any
outsiders wished to use his ears to over-hear prominent black organizers in
confidential discussion.
  Of course, many intelligence professionals would counter this suggestion
by reminding us that eavesdroppers on the civil rights movement had plenty
of less-flamboyant methods: Bugging, "black bag" jobs, paying for
information, etc.  The point is valid.  But if the technology to create a
"human bug" was developed circa 1961 -- and there is documentation
suggesting that such is indeed the case[165] -- the intelligence agencies
would surely have wanted to test the possibilities in the field.  And
considering the expense of such a test, why not conduct the experiment in
such a way as to reap the maximum benefits?  Why NOT choose a Barney Hill?


ARMS AND THE ABDUCTEE

  Budd Hopkins told the follwing story during his lecture at the Los
Angeles "Whole Life Expo."[166]  He considers the case "very good...lots of
corrobo-rating witnesses for parts of it."  Though not, presumably, for
THIS part:
  Hopkins' informant, after the by-now familiar UFO abduction, was given a
gun by the aliens.  Not a Buck Rogers laser weapon -- this was something
Dirty Harry might have packed.
  The abductee was also given someone to shoot.  Not a little grey alien --
another human being, tied to a chair.  The "visitors" told their armed
abductee that this captive had done "evil on earth, and he's a bad person.
You have to kill him."  If the abductee didn't do as asked, he would never
leave the ship.
  The captive proclaimed his innocence, and pleaded for his life.  The
abductee, caught in the middle of all this, became quite upset.  (Worth
noting: he seems to have at least CONSIDERED the aliens' request to shoot
someone he had never met.)  Ultimately, the abductee turned the gun on the
aliens and said, "Nobody's going to get shot here."
  According to Hopkins, "The aliens said 'Fine.  Very good.'  They took the
gun from him; the man [presumably, the captive] got up, walked away, dis-
appeared, and they went on to the next thing."  Obviously, this little drama
had been staged -- a test of some sort.
  I submit that this surreal incident is incomprehensible as either an
example of alien incursion or of "Klass-ical" confabulation.  The scenario
described here EXACTLY parallels numerous experiments in the hypnotic
induction of anti-social action as revealed both in the standard hypnosis
literature and in declassified ARTICHOKE/MKULTRA documents.  For example,
compare Hopkins' account to the following, in which Ludwig Mayer, a
prominent German hypnosis researcher, describes a classic experiment in the
hypnotic induction of criminal action:

        I gave a revolver to an elderly and readily suggestible
     man whom I had just hypnotized.  The revolver had just been
     loaded by Mr. H. with a percussion cap.  I explained to
     [the subject], while pointing to Mr. H., that Mr. H. was a
     very wicked man whom he should shoot to kill.  With great
     determination he took the revolver and fired a shot directly
     at Mr. H.  Mr. H. fell down pretending to be wounded.  I
     then explained to my subject that the fellow was not yet
     quite dead, and that he should give him another bullet,
     which he did without further ado[167].

  Of course, if a conservative hypnosis specialist were asked to comment on
the above account, he would quickly point out that hypnotic suggestions
which work in an experimental situation would not easily succeed outside
the laboratory; on some level, the subject will probably sense whether or
not he's playing the game for real[168].  Similarly, a conservative
abduction researcher would, in reviewing Hopkins' material, emphasize the
problems inherent in using testimony derived during regression, where the
threat of confabulation lurks.  I'll concede both arguments -- for the
moment -- only to insist that they are beside the point.  The matter of
primary importance, the sticking point which neither Klass nor Hopkins can
comfortably confront, is the convergence of detail between Mayer's hypnosis
experiment and the testing event related by Hopkins' abductee.  WHY ARE
THESE TWO STORIES SO SIMILAR?  Did the good Dr. Mayer take pupils from
Sirius?[169].
  Hopkins says he knows of other instances in which abductees found
themselves in similar crucibles.  So do I.
  One person I spoke to can remember (SANS hypnosis) being handed a gun
inside a ziplock baggy and receiving instructions that she will have to use
this weapon "on a job."  Early in my interviews with her (and with no
prompting from me) she recited an apparent cue drilled into her
consciousness by the "entities" (as she calls them): "When you see the
light, do it tonight," followed by the command, "Execute."  (One can only
speculate as to how such commands would be used in the field; we will
discuss later the use of photovoltaic hypnotic induction.)  Though her
personal feelings toward firearms are decidedly negative, she vivdly
describes periods in her "everyday" life when she feels an
uncharacteristic, yet overpowering urge to be near a gun -- a quasi-sexual
desire to pick one up and touch the metal[170].
  She is not alone.  Another has been so affected by gun fever that he
became a security guard, just to be near the things[171].  The abductees I
have spoken to connect this sudden surge of Ramboism to the UFO experience.
But I suggest that the UFO experience may be merely a cover story for
another type of training entirely.
  One of the primary goals of BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE, and MKULTRA was to
determine whether mind control could be used to faciliate "executive
action"-- i.e., assassination[172].
  It isn't difficult to imagine the media's reaction if a public figure
were murdered by someone acting at the behest of the "space brothers."  Who
would dare to speak of conspiracy under such circumstances?  The hidden
controllers could choose a myth structure that conform's to the abductee's
personality, then pose as higher beings, who would whisper violence into
the ear of the percipient.  Using this ruse, the trick that scientists such
as Ludwig Mayer could perform in the lab might now be accomplished in the
field.  As Estabrooks' associate Jack Tracktir (professor of hypnotherapy
at Baylor University) explained to John Marks, anti-social acts can be
induced with "no conscience involved" once the proper pretext has been
created[173].


"THEY WILL THINK IT'S FLYING SAUCERS"

  Jenny Randles contributes an anecdote from Great Britain which dovetails
nicely with this hypothesis.
  In 1965, "Margary" (a pseudonym) lived in Birmingham with her husband,
who one night told her to prepare for a "shock and a test."  As Randles
describes what she calls a "rogue case":

        They got into his car and drove off, although her memory
     of the trip became hazy and confused and she does not know
     where they went.  Then she was in a room that was dimly lit
     and there were people standing around a long table or flat
     bed.  She was out on it and seemed "drugged" and unable to
     resist.  The most memorable of the men was tall and thin with
     a long nose and white beard.  He had thick eyebrows and
     supposedly said to Margary, "Remember the eyebrows, honey."
     A strange medical examination, using odd equipment, was
     performed on her.

  Both the husband and the scientists, using (apparently) hypnotic
techniques, flooded her mind with images that, she was told, would be
understood only in the future.  According to Randles, "At one point one of
the 'examiners' in the room said to Margary in a tone that made it seem as
if he were amused, "THEY WILL THINK IT'S FLYING SAUCERS."  The husband also
revealed that he had a second identity.  After the abduction, this husband
(am I going too far to assume his employment with MI6 or some cognate
agency?) left, never to be seen again[174].  Margary did not recall the
abduction until 1978.
  This affair can only baffle a researcher who insists on fitting all
abduction accounts into the ET hypothesis; once we free ourselves from that
set of assumptions, explanations come easily.  I interpret this incident as
a case in which the controllers applied the flying saucer cover story
sloppily, or to an insufficiently receptive subject.  If my thesis is
correct, the UFO "hypnotic hoax" technique would still have been fairly new
in 1965, particularly outside the United States; perhaps the manipulators
hadn't yet got the hang of it.  The odd comment about the scientist's
eyebrows may refer to an item of disguise donned for the occasion.  The
unscrupulous hypnotist, unsure about his ability to induce an impenetrable
amnesia -- and mindful of the price paid by his forerunners in mesmeric
criminality[175] -- would understandably want to hedge his bets; by
indulging in the British penchant for theatrics, he could further protect
his anonymity.
  A similar incident was brought to my attention by researcher Robert
Durant.  The relevant excerpt of his letter follows:

        Now I want to turn to a case that I have been investigating
     for several months.  The subject is an abductee.  Standard
     abduction scenario.  Twice regressed under hypnosis, the first
     time by a well-known abduction researcher, the second time by
     a psychologist with parapsychology connections.
        In the course of many hours of listening to the subject, I
     discovered that she has had close personal contact over a long
     period of time with several individuals who have federal
     intelligence connections.  She was hypnotized many years ago
     as part of a TV program devoted to hypnosis.  Her abductions
     began shortly after she attended several long sessions at a
     laboratory where, ostensibly, she was being tested for ESP
     abilities.  Two other people who were "tested" at this same
     laboratory have also had abductions.  All three were told by
     the lab to join a local UFO group.  During her abductions, the
     principal alien spoke to the subject in the English language
     in a normal manner, not via telepathy.  She recognized the
     voice, which was at one time that of her very close friend of
     yesteryear who was then and is now employed by the CIA.  The
     other voice was that of an individual who works in Washington,
     has what I will call very strong federal connections as well
     as a finger in every ufological pie, and who just happened to
     bump into her at the aforementioned laboratory.  He also
     anticipated, in the course of telephone conversations, her
     abductions.  When the subject confronted him about this and
     the voice, he claimed to be psychic. (!)[176]

  The "ESP" connection is suggestive; the MKULTRA documents betray an
astonishing interest on the part of the intelligence agencies in matters
parapsychological.
  Some researchers would object that examples such as this are rare; most
abductions contain no such overt indications of intelligence involvement.
But have investigators looked for them?  As mentioned in the introduction,
a false dichotomy limits much ufological thought; as long as the abduction
argument swings between the ET hypothesis and purely psychological theories,
researchers will not recognize the relevance of certain key items of back-
ground data.


GLIMPSES OF THE CONTROLLERS

  In an interview with me, a northern-California abducteee -- call him
"Peter" -- reported an experience which was conducted NOT by a small grey
alien, but by a human being.  The percipient called this man a "doctor." He
gave a descrip- tion of this individual, and even provided a drawing.
  Some time after I gathered this information, a southern-California
abductee told me her story -- which included a description of this very
same "doctor." The physical details were so strikingly similar as to erase
coincidence.  This woman is a leading member of a Los Angeles-based UFO
group; three other women in this group report abduction encounters with the
same individual[177].
  Perhaps those three women were fantasists, attaching themselves to
another's narrative.  But my northern informant never met these people.  Why
did he describe the same "doctor"?
  One of the abductees I have dealt with insisted, under hypnosis, that her
abduction experience brought her to a certain house in the Los Angeles area.
She was able to provide directions to the house, even though she had no
conscious memory of ever being there.  I later learned that this house is
indeed occupied by a scientist who formerly (and perhaps currently)
conducted clandestine research on mind control technology.
  This same abductee described a clandestine brain operation of some sort
she underwent in childhood.  The neurosurgeon was a human being, not an
alien.  She even recalled the name.  (Note: This is not the same individual
referred to above.)  When I heard the name, it meant nothing to me -- but
later I learned that there really was a scientist of that name who
specialzed in electrode implant research.
  Licia Davidson is a thoughtful and articulate abductee, whose fascinating
story closely parallels many found in the abductee literature -- except for
one unusual detail.  In an interview with me, described an unsettling
recollection of a human being, dressed normally, holding a black BoX with a
protruding antenna.  This odd snippet of memory did NOT coincide with the
general thrust of her abduction narrative.  Could this remembrance
represent an all-too-brief segment of accurately-perceived reality
interrupting her hypnotically-induced "screen memory"?  Peter clearly
recalls seeing a similar BoX during his abduction.
  Interestingly, Licia resides in the Los Angeles suburb of Tujunga Canyon,
a prominent spot on the abduction map; Many of the abductees I have spoken
to first had unusual experiences while living in this area.  Near Tujunga
Canyon, in Mt. Pacifico, is a hidden former Nike missile base; more than
one abductee has described odd, seemingly inexplicable military activity
around this location[178].  The reader will recall the connection of Nike
missile bases to the disturbing story of Dr. L. Jolyon ("BoB") West, a
veteran of MKULTRA.


CULTS

  Some abductees I have spoken to have been directed to join certain
religious/philosophical sects.  These cults often bear close examination.
  The leaders of these groups tend to be "ex"-CIA operatives, or Special
Forces veterans.  They are often linked through personal relations, even
though they espouse widely varying traditions.  I have heard unsettling
reports that the leaders of some of these groups have used hypnosis, drugs,
or "mind machines" on their charges.  Members of these cults have reported
periods of missing time during ceremonies or "study periods."
  I strongly urge abduction researchers to examine closely any small
"occult" groups an abductee might join.  For example, one familiar leader
of the UFO fringe -- a man well-known for his espousal of the doctrine of
"love and light" -- is Virgil Armstrong, a close personal friend of General
John Singlaub, the notorious Iran-Contra player, who recently headed the
neo-fascist World Anti-Communist League.  Armstrong, who also happens to be
an ex-Green Beret and former CIA operative, figured into my inquiry in an
interesting fashion: An abductee of my acquaintance was told -- by her
"entities," naturally -- to seek out this UFO spokesman and join his
"sky-watch" activities, which, my source alleges, included a mass
channelling session intended to send debilitating "negative" vibrations to
Constantine Chernenko, then the leader of the Soviet Union.  Of course,
intracerebral voices may have a purely psychological origin, so Armstrong
can hardly be held to task for the abductee's original "directive."[179]
Still, his past associations with military intelligence inevitably bring
disturbing possibilities to mind.
  Even more ominous than possible ties between UFO cults and the
intelligence community are the cults' links with the shadowy I AM group,
founded by Guy Ballard in the 1930s[180].  According to researcher David
Stupple, "If you look at the contactee groups today, you'll see that most
of the stable, larger ones are actually neo-I AM groups, with some sort of
tie to Ballard's organization." [181]  This cult, therefore, bears
investigation.
  Guy Ballard's "Mighty I AM Religious Activity," grew, in large part, out
of William Dudley Pelly's Silver Shirts, an American NAZI
organization[182].  Although Ballard himself never openly proclaimed NAZI
affiliation, his movement was tinged with an extremely right-wing political
philosophy, and in secret meetings he "decreed" the death of President
Franklin Roosevelt[183].  The I AM philosophy derived from Theosophy, and
in this author's estimation bears a more-than-cursory resemblance to the
Theosophically-based teachings that informed the proto-NAZI German occult
lodges[184].
  After the war, Pelley (who had been imprisoned for sedition during the
hostilities) headed an occult-oriented organization call Soulcraft, based in
Noblesville, Indiana.  Another Soulcraft employee was the controversial
contactee George Hunt Williamson (real name: Michel d'Obrenovic), who co-
authored UFOs CONFIDENTIAL with John McCoy, a proponent of the theory that a
Jewish banking conspiracy was preventing disclosure of the solution to the
UFO mystery[185].  Later, Williamson founded the I AM-oriented Brotherhood
of the Seven Rays in Peru[186].  Another famed contactee, George Van
Tassel, was associated with Pelley and with the notoriously anti-Semitic
Reverend Wesley Swift (founder of the group which metamorphosed into the
Aryan nations).[187]
  The most visible offspring of I AM is Elizabeth Clare Prophet's Church
Universal and Triumphant, a group best-known for its massive arms caches in
underground bunkers.  CUT was recently exposed in COVERT ACTION INFORMATION
BULLETIN as a conduit of CIA funds[188], and according to researcher John
Judge, has ties to organizations allied to the World Anti-Communist
League[189] Prophet is becoming involved in abduction research and has
sponsored presentations by Budd Hopkins and other prominent investigators.
In his book THE ARMSTRONG REPORT: ETs AND UFOs: THEY NEED US, WE DON'T NEED
THEM[sic][190], Virgil Armstrong directs troubled abductees toward
Prophet's group.  (Perhaps not insignificantly, he also suggests that
abductees plagued by implants alleviate their problem by turning to "the I
AM force" within.[191])
  Another UFO channeller, Frederick Von Mierers, has promulgated both a
cult with a strong I AM orientation[192] and an apparent con-game involving
over-appraised gemstones.  Mierers is an anti-Semite who contends that the
Holocaust never happened and that the Jews control the world's wealth.
  UFORUM is a flying saucer organization popular with Los Angeles-area
abductees; its founder is Penny Harper, a member of a radical Scientology
breakaway group which connects the teachings of L. Ron ("Bob") Hubbard with
pronouncements against "The Illuminati" (a mythical secret society) and
other BETES NOIR familiar from right-wing conspiracy literature.  Harper
directs members of her group to read THE SPOTLIGHT, an extremist tabloid
(published by Willis Carto's Liberty Lobby) which denies the reality of the
Holocaust and posits a "Zionist" scheme to control the world[193].
  More than one unwary abductee has fallen in with groups such as those
listed above.  It isn't difficult to imagine how some of these questionable
groups might mold an abductee's recollection of his experience -- and
perhaps help direct his future actions.
  Some modern abductees, with otherwise-strong claims, claim encounters
with blond, "Nordic" aliens reminiscent of the early contactee era.  Surely,
the "Nordic" appearance of these aliens sprang from the dubious spiritual
tradition of Van Tassell, Ballard, Pelley, McCoy, etc.  Why, then, are some
modern abductees seeing these very same other-worldly UEBERMENSCHEN?
  One abductee of my acquaintance claims to have had beneficial experiences
with these "blond" aliens -- who, he believes, came originally from the
Pleiades.  Interestingly, in the late 1960s, the psychopathically
anti-Semitic Rev. Wesley Swift predicted this odd twist in the abduction
tale.  In a broadcast "sermon," he spoke at length about UFOs, claiming
that there were "good" aliens and "bad" aliens.  The good ones, he
insisted, were tall, blond Aryans -- WHO HAILED FROM THE PLEIADES.  He made
this pronouncement long before the current trends in abduction lore.
  Could some of the abductions be conducted by an extreme right-wing
element within the national security establishment?  Disagreeable as the
possibility seems, we should note that the "lunatic right" is represented
in all other walks of life; certainly hard-rightists have taken positions
within the military-intelligence complex as well.


GROUNDS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

  John Keel's ground-breaking OPERATION TROJAN HORSE, written in an era
when abductees still came under the category of "contactees," includes the
following intriguing data, gleaned from Keel'a extensive field work:

        Contactees often find themselves suddenly miles from home
     without knowing how they got there.  They either have induced
     amnesia, wiping out all memory of the trip, or they were taken
     over by some means and made the trip in a blacked-out state.
     Should they encounter a friend on the way, the friend would
     probably note that their eyes seemed glassy and their behavior
     seemed peculiar.  But if the friend spoke to them, he might
     receive a curt reply.
        In the language of the contactees this process is called
     being used...I have known silent contactees to disappear from
     their homes for long periods, and when they returned, they
     had little or no recollection of where they had been.  One
     girl sent me a postcard from the Bahama Islands -- which
     surprised me because I knew she was very poor.  When she
     returned, she told me that she had only one memory of the
     trip.  She said she remembered getting off a jet at an air-
     port -- she souldn't recall getting on the jet or making the
     trip -- and there "Indians" met her and took her baggage...
     The next thing she knew she was back home again[194].

  Puzzling indeed -- unless one has read THE CONTROL OF CANDY JONES, which
speaks of Candy's "blacked out" periods, during which she travelled to
Taiwan as a CIA courier, adopting her second personality.  The mind control
explanation perfectly solves all the mysteries in the above excerpt --
save, perhaps, the odd remark about "Indians."
  Hickson and Mendez' UFO CONTACT AT PASCAGOULA contains the interesting
information that Charles Hickson awakes at night feeling that he is on the
verge of re-awakening some terribly important memory connected with his
encounter -- yet ostensibly he can account for every moment of his
adventure.
  Hickson also received a letter from an apparent abductee who claims that
the grey aliens are actually automatons of some sort -- perhaps an
unconscious recognition of the unreality of the hypnotically-induced "cover
story."[195]  In this light, the film version of COMMUNION -- whose
screenplay was written by Whitley Strieber -- takes on a new interest: The
abduction sequences contain inexplicable images indicating that the "greys"
are really props, or masks.
  COMMUNION and TRANSFORMATION contain passages detailing what seems to be
a hazily-recalled Candy-Jones-style espionage adventure, in which Strieber
was shanghaied by a "coach" and a "nurse" (both human beings) who
apparently drugged him[196].  Recall the example of Keel's informants.
Moreover, TRANSFORMATION contains lengthy descriptions of alien beings
working in apparent collusion with human beings.
  Abductee Christa Tilton also recalls both human beings and aliens playing
a part in her experience.  Ever since her abduction, she claims, she has
been "shadowed" by a mysterious federal agent she calls John Wallis[197].
Christa's husband, Tom Adams, has confirmed Wallis' existence[198].
  In his REPORT ON COMMUNION, Ed Conroy -- who seems to have become a
participant in, and not merely an observer of, the phenomenon -- describes
harassment by helicopters, which as we have already noted, seems to be quite
a common occurrence in abductee situations[199].  Researchers blithely
assume that these incidents represent governmental attempts to spy on UFO
percipients.  But this assertion is ridiculous.  Helicopters are extremely
expensive to operate, and the engines of espionage have perfected numerous
alternative methods to gather information.  After all, we now have a fairly
extensive bibliography of FBI, CIA, and military efforts to spy on numerous
movements favoring domestic social change.  Why have no veterans of CHAOS
or COINTELPRO (either victim or victimizer) spoken of helicopters?
Obviously the choppers serve some other purpose beyond mere surveillance.
One possibility might be the propagation of electromagnetic waves which
might affect the perceptions/behaviors of an implanted individual.  (Indeed,
I have heard rumors of helicopters being used in electronic "crowd control"
operations in Vietnam and elsewhere; alas, the information is far from
hard.)
  Contactee Eldon Kerfoot has written of his suspicions that human mani-
pulators, not aliens, may be the ultimate puppeteers engineering his
experiences.  He describes a sudden compulsion to kill a fellow veteran of
the Korean conflict -- a man Kerfoot had no logical reason to distrust or
dislike, yet whom he "sensed" to have been a traitor to his country.  For-
tunately, the assassination never materialized[200].  But the situation
exactly parallels incidents described in released ARTICHOKE documents
concerning the remote hypnotic induction of anti-social behavior.
  One last speculation:
  Renato Vesco's INTERCEPT BUT DON'T SHOOT[201] outlines a fascinating
scenario for the "secret weapon" hypothesis of UFOs.  Vesco points out that
if these devices are one day to be used in a superpower conflict [or in
suppression of civilian revolution, against, say, S&L taxation  -jpg], the
attacking power would be well-served by the myth of the UFO as an extra-
terrestrial craft, for the besieged nation would not know the true nature of
its opponent.  Perhaps, then, one purpose of the UFO abductions is to
engender and maintain the legend of the little grey aliens.  For the hidden
manipulators, the abductions could be, in and of themselves, a propaganda
coup.


FINAL THOUGHTS

  I do not insist dogmatically on the scenario that I have outlined.  I do
not wish to dissuade abduction researchers from exploring other avenues --
indeed, I strongly encourage such work to continue.  Nor can I easily
account for some aspects of the abduction narratives -- for example, any
suggestions I could offer concerning the reports of genetic experimentation
would be extremely speculative.
  But I DO insist on a fair hearing of this hypothesis.  Criticism is
encouraged; that which does not destroy my thesis will make it stronger.  I
ask only that my critics refrain from intellectual laziness; mere
differences in world-view do not constitute a valid attack.  God is found
in the details.
  I recognize the dangers inherent in making this thesis public.  New and
distressing abductee confabulations may result.  I would prefer that the
audience for this paper be restricted to abduction RESEARCHERS, not victims,
who might be unduly influenced.  However, in a society that prides itself on
ostensibly free press, such restrictions are unthinkable.  Therefore, I can
only beg any abduction victims who might read this paper to attempt a super-
human objectivity.  The thesis I have outlined is promising, and (should
trepanation ever provide us with an example of an actual abductee implant)
susceptible of proof.  But mine is not the only hypothesis.  The abductee's
unrewarding task is to report what he or she has experienced as truthfully
as possible, untainted by outside speculation.
  Whether or not future investigation proves UFO abductions to be a product
of mind control experimentation, I feel that this paper has, at least,
provided evidence of a serious danger facing those who hold fast to the
ideals of individual freedom.  We cannot long ignore this menace.
  A spectre haunts the democratic nations -- the spectre of TECHNOFASCISM.
All the powers of the espionage empire and the scientific establishment have
entered into an unholy alliance to evoke this spectre: Psychiatrist and spy,
Dulles and Delgado, microwave specialists and clandestine operators.
  A mind is a terrible thing to waste -- and a worse thing to commandeer.

                                   NOTES

     1. Budd Hopkins, MISSING TIME (New York: Richard Marek Publishers,
1981) and INTRUDERS (New York: Random House, 1987).
     2. Whitley Strieber, COMMUNION (New York: Beech Tree Books, 1987).
     3. Cannon, "Psychiatric Abuse of UFO Witness," UFO magazine, vol. 3,
no. 5 (December, 1988)
     4. Philip Klass, UFO ABDUCTIONS: A DANGEROUS GAME (Buffalo: Prometheus
Books, 1988).  Klass makes some sharp observations, which are undercut by
his refusal to interview abductees directly.  The work has no footnotes and
depends heavily on the work of Dr. Martin "Bob" Orne -- of whom more anon.
     5. See bibliography.
     6. New York: Bantam Books, 1979.
     7. See generally PROJECT MKULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OF RESEARCH IN
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION, joint hearing before the Select Committee on Health
and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, Unites States
Senate (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1977).
     8. Robert Eringer, "Secret Agent Man," ROLLING STONE, 1985.
     9. John Marks interview with Victor Marchetti (Marks files, available
at the National Security Archives, Washington, D.C.).
     10. In an interview with John Marks, hypnosis expert Milton Kline, a
veteran of clandestine experimentation in this field, averred that his work
for the government continued.  Since the interview took place in 1977, years
after the CIA allegedly halted mind control research, we must conclude
either that the CIA lied, or that another agency continued the work.  In
another interview with Marks, former Air Force-CIA liaison L. Fletcher
Prouty confirmed that the Department of Defense ran studies either in
conjunction with or parallel to those operated by the CIA.  (Marks files.)
     11. Estabrooks, HYPNOSIS (New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1957
[revised edition]), 13-14.
     12. A copy of this letter can be found in the Marks files.
     13. Estabrooks attracted an eclectic group of friends, including J.
Edgar Hoover and Alan Watts.
     14. Interview with daughter Doreen Estabrooks, Marks files,
Washington, D.C.
     15. Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain, ACID DREAMS (New York: Grove
Press, 1985) 3-4; Marks, THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE", 6-8
     16. Marks, ibid. 4-6.
     17. Edward Hunter, BRAINWASHING IN RED CHINA (New York: Vanguard
Press, 1951.).  Hunter invented the term "brainwashing" in a September 24,
1950 Miami NEWS article.
     18. "Japan's Germ Warfare Experiments," THE GLOBE AND MAIL (Toronto),
May 19, 1982.
     19. Walter Bowart, OPERATION MIND CONTROL (New York: Dell, 1978),
191-2, quoting Warren Commission documents.  We cannot fairly derive from
this statement a sanguine attitude about PRESENT Soviet capabilities; in
this field, even outdated technology suffices for mischief.
     20. Marks, THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE", 60-61.  A folk
entymology has it that the "MK" of MKULTRA stands for "Mind Kontrol."
According to Marks, TSS prefixed the cryptonyms of all its projects with
these initials.  Note, though, that MKULTRA was preceded by a
still-mysterious TSS program called QKHILLTOP.
     21. Marks, THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE", 224-229.  Seven
MKULTRA subprojects were continued, under TSS supervision, as MKSEARCH.
This project ended in 1972.  CIA apologists often proclaim that
"brainwashing" research ceased in either 1962 or 1972; these blandishments
refer to the TSS projects, not to the ORD work, which remains TERRA
INCOGNITA for independent researchers.  Marks discovered that the ORD
research was so voluminous that retrieving documents via FOIA would have
proven unthinkably expensive.
     22. For a description of the research into parapsychology, see Ronald
M. McRae's MIND WARS (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984).  The best book
available on a subject which awaits a truly authoritative text.
     23. Abduction researcher and hypnotherapist Miranda Park, of
Lancaster, California, reports that she has viewed such anomalies in
abductee MRI scans.  See also Whitley Strieber, TRANSFORMATION (New York:
Beech Tree Books, 1988) 246-247. At this writing, both Strieber and Hopkins
report initially promising results in their efforts to document the
presence of these "extras" in abductees.
     24. Allegedly, the experiment took place in 1964.  However, in WERE WE
CONTROLLED? (New Hyde Park, NY: University Books, 1967), the pseudonymous
"Lincoln Lawrence" makes an interesting argument (on page 36) that the
demonstration took place some years earlier.
     25. New York: Harper and Row, 1969.  Much of Delgado's work was funded
by the Office of Naval Intelligence, a common conduit for CIA funds during
the 1950s and '60s.  (Gordon Thomas' JOURNEY INTO MADNESS (New York:
Bantam, 1989) misleadingly implies that CIA interest in Delgado's work
began in 1972.)
     26. J.M.R. "Bob" Delgado. "Intracerebral Radio Stimulation and
Recording in Completely Free Patients," PSYCHOTECHNOLOGY (Robert L.
Schwitzgebel and Ralph K. Schwitzgebel, editors; New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, 1973): 195.
     27. David Krech, "Controlling the Mind Controllers," THINK 32 (July-
August), 1966.
     28. Delgado, PHYSICAL CONTROL OF THE MIND
     29. Delgado, "Intracerebral Radio Stimulation and Recording in
Completely free patients," 195.
     30. Note, for example, Charles Hickson's account of the Pascagoula
Incident.  Charles Hickson and William Mendez, UFO CONTACT AT PASCOGOULA
(Tuscon: Wendelle C. Stevens, 1983).
     31. John Ranleigh, THE AGENCY (New York: Simon and Shuster, 1986):
208. Marchetti casts this story in the form of an amusing anecdote: After
much time and expense, a cat was suitably trained and prepared -- only, on
its first assignment, to be run over by a taxi.  Marchetti neglects to
point out that nothing stopped the Agency from getting another cat.  Or
from using a human being.
     32. Of course, this suggestion raises the knotty question of whether
the abductees suffer from a form of schizophrenia, which may also be
characterized by "voices."  I refer the reader to the work of Hopkins,
Strieber, Thomas Bullard, and others who have described the difficulties of
ascribing all abductions to psychotic states.
     33. Alan W. Scheflin and Edward M. Opton, Jr., THE MIND MANIPULATORS
(London: Paddington Press, 1978), 347.
     34. Thomas, JOURNAY INTO MADNESS, 276.
     35. James Olds, "Hypothalamic Substrates of Reward," PHYSIOLOGICAL
REVIEWS, 1962, 42:554; "Emotional Centers in the Brain," SCIENCE JOURNAL,
1967, 3 (5).
     36. Vernon Mark and Frank Ervin, VIOLENCE AND THE BRAIN (New York:
Harper and Row, 1970), chapter 12, excerpted in INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND THE
FEDERAL ROLE IN BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION, prepared by the Staff of the Subcom-
mittee on Constitutional Rights of the Committee of the Judiciary, United
States Senate (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1974).
     37. John Lilly, THE SCIENTIST (Berkeley, Ronin Publishing, 1988
[revised edition]), 90.  Monkeys allowed to stimulate themselves
continually via ESB brought themselves to orgasm once every three minutes,
sixteen hours a day. Scientific gatherings throughout the world saw motion
pictures of these experiments, which surely made spectacular cinema.
     38. Scheflin and Opton, THE MIND MANIPULATORS, 336-337.  Heath even
monitored his patient's brain responses during the subject's first
heterosexual encounter.  Such is the nature of the brave new world before
us.
     39. Robert L. Schwitzgebel and Richard M. Bird, "Sociotechnical Design
Factors in Remote Instrumentation with Humans in Natural Environments,"
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION, 1970, 2, 99-105.
     40. Thomas, JOURNEY INTO MADNESS, 277.  In the BEHAVIOR RESEARCH
METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION article referenced above, Schwitzgebel details
how the radio signals may be fed into a telephone via a modem and thus
analyzed by a computer anywhere in the world.
     41. Scheflin and Opton, THE MIND MANIPULATORS, 347-349.
     42. Louis Tackwood and the Citizen's Research and Investigation
Committee, THE GLASS HOUSE TAPES (New York: Avon, 1973), 226.
     43. Perry London, BEHAVIOR CONTROL (New York: Harper and Row, 1969),
145
     44. Scheflin and Opton, THE MIND MANIPULATORS, 351-353; Tackwood, THE
GLASS HOUSE TAPES, 228.
     45. "Beepers in kids' heads could stop abductors," Las Vegas SUN, Oct.
27, 1987.
     46. Lilly, THE SCIENTIST, 91.
     47. Marks, THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE", 151-154.
     48. Interestingly, Lilly has come out of the closet as a sort of
proto-Strieber; THE SCIENTIST recounts his close interaction with alien
(though not necessarily extraterrestrial) forces which he labels "solid
state entities."
     49. The story of Deep Trance, an MKULTRA "insider" who provided
invaluable information, is somewhat involved.  I do not know who Trance
is/was and Marks may not know either.  He contacted Trance via the writer
of an article published shortly before research on THE SEARCH FOR "THE
MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE" began, addressing his informant "Dear Source whose
anonymity I respect."  I respect it too -- hence my reticence to name the
aforementioned article, which may mark a trail to Trance.  The fact that I
have not followed this trail would not prevent others from doing so.  [And
if Trance were a CIA disinformation source a la William Cooper, this is
precisely the behavior they would count on.  -jpg]
     50. London, BEHAVIOR CONTROL, 139.
     51. See generally, UFO magazine, Vol. 4, No. 2; especially the
interesting contribution by Whitley Strieber.
     52. Lawrence, WERE WE CONTROLLED?, 36-37; Anita Gregory, "Introduction
to Leonid L. Vasilev's EXPERIMENTS IN DISTANT INFLUENCE," PSYCHIC WARFARE:
FACT OR FICTION (editor: John White) (Nottinghamshire: Aquarian, 1988)
34-57.
     53. Lawrence, WERE WE CONTROLLED?, 38.
     54. Bowart, OPERATION MIND CONTROL, 261-264.
     55. Ibid. 263.
     56. Lawrence, WERE WE CONTROLLED?, 52.
     57. HUMAN DRUG TESTING BY THE CIA, 202.
     58. Note especially the Supreme Court's decision in CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY ET Al. V. SIMS, ET AL. (No. 83-1075; decided April 16,
1986).  The egregious and dangerous majority opinion in this case held that
disclosure of the names of scientists and institutions involved in MKULTRA
posed an "unacceptable risk of revealing 'intelligence sources.'  The
decisions of the [CIA] Director, who must of course be familiar with 'the
whole picture,' as judges are not, are worthy of great deference...it is
conceivable that the mere explanation of why information must be withheld
can convey valuable information to a foreign intelligence agency."  How do
we square this continuing need for secrecy with the CIA's protestations
that MKULTRA achieved little success, that the studies were conducted
within the Nueremberg statues governing medical experiments, and that the
research was made available in the open literature?
     59. Letter, P.A. Lindstrom to Robert Naeslund, July 27, 1983; copy
available from Martti Koski, Kiilinpellontie 2, 21290 Rusko, Finland.  Lind-
strom writes that he fully agrees with Lincoln Lawrence, author of WERE WE
CONTROLLED?
     60. Bowart, OPERATION MIND CONTROL, 265.  I have attempted without
success to contact Dr. Lindstrom.
     61. Bowart, OPERATION MIND CONTROL, 233-249.  This interview was
repinted without attribution in a bizarre compendium of UFO rumors called
THE MATRIX, compiled by "Valdamar Valerian" (actually John Grace, allegedly
a captain working for Air Force intelligence).
     62. Robert Anton Wilson, "Adventures with Head Hardware," MAGICAL
BLEND, 23 [of course], July 1989.
     63. Michael Hutchison, MEGA BRAIN (New York: Ballantine, 1986); Gerald
Oster, "Auditory Beats in the Brain," SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, September, 1973.
     64. Marilyn Ferguson, THE BRAIN REVOLUTION (New York: Taplinger,
1973), 90.
     65. Ibid., 91-92.  The presence of delta in a waking subject can
indicate pathology.
     66. Bio-Pacer promotional and price sheet, available from Lindemann
Laboratories, 3463 State Street, #264, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.
     67. Hutchison, MEGA BRAIN, 117-118.  Compare Light's observations
about "the grant game" to Sid Gottlieb's protestations that nearly all
"mind control" research was openly published.
     68. Thomas Martinez and John Gunther, THE BROTHERHOOD OF MURDER (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1988), 230.
     69. Interview, Sandy Monroe of the Los Angeles office of the Christic
Institute.
     70. See generally Paul Brodeur, THE ZAPPING OF AMERICA (Toronto,
George J. MacLeod, 1977).
     71. Until recently, the American Embassy was on a street named after
the composer.
     72. It was finally determined that the microwaves were used to receive
transmissions from bugs planted within the embassy.  DARPA director George
H. Heimeier went on record stating that PANDORA was never designed to study
"microwaves as a surveillance tool."  See Anne Keeler, "Remote Mind Control
Technology," FULL DISCLOSURE #15.  I would note that the Soviet embassy was
"bugged and waved" in Canada during the 1950s, and according to the Los
Angeles TIMES (June 5, 1989), the Soviet embassy in Britain had been
similarly affected.
     73. Ronald I. Adams R.A. Williams, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (RADIOWAVES AND MICROWAVES) EURASIAN COMMUNIST
COUNTRIES, (Defense Intelligence Agency, March 1976.) Brodeur notes that
much of the work ascribed to the Soviets in this report was actually first
accomplished by scientists in the United States.  Keeler argues that this
report constitutes an example of "mirror imaging" -- i.e., parading
domestic advances as a foreign threat, the better to pry funding from a
suitably-fearful Congress.
     74. Keeler, "Remote Mind Control Technology."
     75. R.J. MacGregor, "A Brief Survey of Literature Relating to
Influence of Low Intensity Microwaves on Nervous Function" (Santa Monica:
RAND Corporation, 1970).
     76. Keeler, "Remote Mind Control Technology."
     77. Larry Collins, "Mind Control," PLAYBOY, January 1990.
     78. Allan H. Frey, "Behavioral Effects of Electromagnetic Energy,"
SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND MEASUREMENTS OF RADIO FREQUENCIES/MICRO-
WAVES, DeWitt G. Hazzard, editor (U.S. Department of Health, Education and
Welfare, 1977).
     79. quoted in THE APPLICATION OF TESLA'S TECHNOLOGY IN TODAY'S WORLD
(Montreal: Lafferty, Hardwood & Partners, Ltd., 1978).
     80. Keeler, "Remote Mind Control Technology."
     81. L. George Lawrence, "Electronics and Brain Control," POPULAR
ELECTRONICS, July 1973.
     82. Susan Schiefelbein, "The Invisible Threat," SATURDAY REVIEW,
September 15, 1979.
     83. E. Preston, "Studies on the Nervous System, Cardiovascular
Function and Thermoregulation," BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIO FREQUENCY AND
MICROWAVE RADIATION, edited by H.M. Assenheim (Ottawa, Canada: National
Research Council of Canada, 1979), 138-141.
     84. Robert O. Becker, THE BODY ELECTRIC (New York: William Morrow,
1985) 318-319.
     85. Ibid.
     86. Ibid., 321.
     87. See Bowart's OPERATION MIND CONTROL, page 218, for an interesting
example of this "rationalization" process at work in the case of Sirhan
Sirhan, who was convicted for the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.  In
prison, Sirhan was hypnotized by Dr. Bernard Diamond, who instructed Sirhan
to climb the bars of his cage like a monkey.  He did so.  After the trance
was removed, Sirhan was shown tapes of his actions; he insisted that he
"acted like a monkey" of his own free will -- he claimed he wanted the
exercise.
     88. Keeler suggests that the proposal was revealed only because
Schapitz' sensationalistic implications may have worked to his discredit --
and therefore hide -- the REAL research.  Personally, I don't accept this
argument, but I respect Keeler's instincts enough to repeat her caveat here.
     89. Margaret Cheney's TESLA: A MAN OUT OF TIME (New York: Dell, 1981),
the most reliable book in the sea of wild speculation surrounding this
extraordinary scientist, confirms Tesla's early work with the psychological
effects of electromagnetic radiation.  See especially pages 101-104; note
also the afterword, in which we learn that certain government agencies have
kept important research by Tesla hidden from the general public.
     90. Noted in Lawrence, WERE WE CONTROLLED?, 29.
     91. Particularly one Thomas Bearden of Huntsville, Alabama; I have in
my possession a document written by Bearden associate Andrew Michrowski
which identifies Bearden as an intelligence agent for an undisclosed
agency.
     92. Kathleen McAuliffe, "The Mind Fields," OMNI magazine, February
1985.
     93. May 5, 1985.
     94. I refer to an individual who later wrote a very clear-headed and
thoughtful letter to Dr. Paul Lowinger, who has graciously made his files
available to me.  For now, I feel compelled to withold this person's name.
     95. Cameron became president of the American Psychiatric Association,
the Canadian Psychiatric Association, and the World Association of Psychia-
trists,  He previously sat on the Nueremberg panel, helping to draw up the
statutes governing ethical medical behavior!
     96. In particular, Opton and Scheflin's overview, though excellent in
scope and detail, continually seeks reassurring interpretations of evidence
which points toward more distressing conclusions.
     97. Martin T. Orne, "Can a hypnotized subject be compelled to carry
out otherwise unacceptable behavior?" INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL HYPNOSIS, 1972, Vol. 20, 101-117.
     98. Marks mentions, in a letter to Orne, the latter's claim to have
been an unwitting participant in subproject 84.  Yet the papers released
concerning subproject 84 clearly establish the Agency's willingness to put
Orne in the know; Orne later admitted to Marks that he was made aware of
his CIA sponsorship (Marks, THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE",
172-173).  In an interview with Marks, Orne discounted the story of Candy
Jones (which we shall recount later) by insisting that if such an
experiment had occurred "someone in some agency would have come to me." Why
would they come to him about a super-secret project, unless Orne had a high
security clearance and worked extensively with intelligence agencies? Note
also that Orne conducted exten- sive studies for the Office of Naval
Research from June 1, 1968 to May 31, 1971.  He has also been funded by
DARPA.  Moreover, I consider noteworthy the fact that Orne somehow became
president of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis despite the
fact that the organization had decided not to have a president.  (This fact
was related to Marks by a prominent hypnosis specialist in an
off-the-record interview that I probably wasn't supposed to see.)
     99. The story has been told many times.  See Turner and Christian's
THE KILLING OF ROBERT F. KENNEDY, 207-208; also Peter J. Reiter, ANTISOCIAL
OR CRIMINAL ACTS AND HYPNOSIS (Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas,
1958).
     100. John G. Watkins, "Antisocial behavior under hypnosis: Possible or
impossible?"  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPNOSIS,
1972, Vol. 20, 95-100.
     101. Milton H. Erickson, "An experimental investigation of the
possible anti-social use of hypnosis," PSYCHIATRY, 1939, vol. 2.  Erickson
argues that if a hypnotist has convinced his subject to misperceive
reality, then resulting actions cannot be considered "anti-social," for the
actions would be acceptable within the subject's internal reality
construct.  This argument strikes me as semantic quibbling.  [not me -jpg]
     102. See generally Flo Conway and Jim Seigelman, SNAPPING (New York:
Lippincott, 1978).
     103. Lee and Schlain, ACID DREAMS, 8-9.
     104. John Marks interview with Victor Marchetti, December 19, 1977
(Marks files).
     105. Martin T. Orne, "On the Mechanisms of Posthypnotic Amnesia," THE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPNOSIS, 1966, vol. 14,
121-134.  Orne's work with post-hypnotic amnesia was funded by NIMH, the Air
Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Office of Naval Research.  I
should like to hear what innocent explanation, if any, the Air Force has to
offer to explain their interest in post-hypnotic amnesia.  ["We must not
allow a post-hypnotic-amnesia gap!" of course.  -jpg]
     106. Bowart, OPERATION MIND CONTROL, 242-243.
     107. Obviously Allan Dulles.  This may have been a
hypnotically-induced delusion; on the other hand, Dulles' legendary sexual
rapacity makes this claim rather less unlikely than one might first assume.
[WRONG!  Obviously, this reference is to J.R. "Bob" Dobbs, chief MC of the
Church of SubGenius; the initials A.D. refer to one of his pseudonyms,
Adman Destructor.  "Bob"'s sexual rapacity is the stuff of SubLegend.  -jpg]
     108. Always the best indicator of whether or not hypnosis is genuine;
I can't understand why Orne didn't use this test in the Blanchi case.
     109. Herbert Spiegel, "Hypnosis and evidence: Help or hindrance," ANN.
N.Y. ACAD. SCI.; 1980, 347, 73-85.
     110. See, for example, Kroger, HYPNOSIS AND BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION,
21-22
     111. See especially Klass, UFO ABDUCTIONS: A DANGEROUS GAME, 60-61.
Orne, interviewed here, makes reference to the work summarized in his
article "The use and misuse of hypnosis in court" (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
CLINICAL HYPNOSIS, 1979, vol. 27, 311-341.)
     112. Klass argues that ufologists, in conducting hypnotic regression
sessions, inadvertently cue their subjects.  A close reading of his text
reveals that he never proves or claims that such "cues" have taken place in
any individual instance; he simply believes that cueing MIGHT have occurred.
Had Klass been more willing to deal with abductees directly, he might have
found evidence of cause and effect; as it stands, his argument really
amounts to no more than a suggestion.  For all that, I find his ideas
regarding the running of "clean" hypnotic regression sessions potentially
valuable.
     113. Marks, THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE", 34-37.
     114. Donald Bain, THE CONTROL OF CANDY JONES (Chicago, Playboy Press,
1976).
     115. The use of hypnotized couriers in warfare goes back to the 19th
century.
     116. Estabrooks, HYPNOTISM, 193-214.
     117. John Marks interview with Milton Kline, December 22, 1977 (Marks
files).  In another interview, Professor Clare Young (a colleague of Esta-
brooks' at Colgate University) confirmed that Estabrooks' hypnosis work for
the government has never been published.
     118. Or could her marriage have been part of the program?  "Long
John," as he was popularly known, was famous in UFO circles, and had
provided a forum for such early-day contactees as Howard Menger.  He also
knew Jackie Gleason, a prominent (if unlikely) name in the "crashed disc"
rumor vaults.  Could Candy have been assigned to discover what Nebel knew?
     119. Marks files. John Marks did excellent work on the Candy Jones
story; he erred -- almost unforgivably -- on the side of conservatism when
he refused to include information about this incident in his book.  I know
the name of the institute involved; however, since Candy saw fit to keep
this aspect of her story secret (probably for sound legal reasons), I shall
follow her lead.
     120. Scheflin and Opton, THE MIND MANIPULATORS, 446-447.
     121. Interviews, Marks files.  One of Marks' informants offered the
interesting speculation that Candy's torture sessions were not conducted in
the field, but in the lab -- her entire mission might have been a hypno-
programmed fantasy.
     122. The information about Candy's CIA files stems from a telephone
interview with Candy Jones.  A problem looms here: CIA cover stories unravel
like the skin of an onion; once you remove the outer layer, the next lie is
revealed.  [For this reason, I don't think this paper "reveals" the whole
truth; that, I suspect, is far worse.  -jpg]  In the case of Candy Jones,
the substrata of buncombe involves allegations that she WILLINGLY complied
with the CIA, and used Jensen's hypnosis experiments as a rationalization
for her compliance.  Such is the explanation offered by certain of Marks'
informants; alas, Opton and Scheflin seem to have bought this line.  Anyone
familiar with the vile acts of self-degradation to which Candy's
programmers subjected her will laugh this story out of court.  No one,
short of a severely psychotic masochist, would willingly undergo what she
went through.
     123. Marks files.
     124. William Kroger, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPNOSIS (Philadelphia:
Lippincott, 1963), 299.
     125. Recently, ufologist Jim Moseley, an acquaintance of Candy's, has
claimed that an unidentified source on Nebel's "inner circle" once, off-the-
record, pronounced Candy's story "a crock."  This assertion deserves careful
and respectful consideration.  Still, Moseley won't identify his source, and
we have no way of telling if this insider spoke from instinct or certain
knowledge, or indeed, what he really meant.  Did he feel Candy was
fantasizing or fibbing?  If the former, why did her hallucinations match
details of MKULTRA released only after publication of her book?  If the
latter, how are we to explain the many hypnotic regression tapes, at least
some of which were made available to outside investigators?  (Fairly
elaborate, for a hoax.)  In any case, how could Candy have known the fact
(confirmed by Marks' associates) that Kroger taught "Jensen" at a certain
West-coast institute?  Why, if the story was "a crock," would Candy risk
libel suits by naming -- to associates and investigators, if not to the
general public -- real-life hypnotherapists? All in all, I would suggest
that Moseley's "insider" was speaking glibly, and did not know the true
facts.  [Or was speaking disinformationally.  -jpg]
     126. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1976.
     127. Ibid., 415.
     128. Similar paranoid outbreaks led to the dissolution of Dr. Richard
Neal's UFO abductee group in Los Angeles, according to a phone interview I
had with Dr. Neal.
     129. Affidavit of Dr. Simpson-Kallas in the case of Sirhan-Sirhan,
1973; see Bowart, OPERATION MIND CONTROL, 225.
     130. All true MPs have experienced some form of abuse or trauma,
psychological or physical, during childhood.
     131. One was ritually abused in an occult setting.  If I were a "spy-
chiatrist" scouting potential fodder for mind control experiments, I would
seek out abused children from military families.  (A military background
would ensure that the "right" doctor gets access to the child.)  Abduction
researchers should look for such a pattern.
     132. I refer here to the vast upsurge in alien abductions which took
place that year; see generally Kevin Randle, THE OCTOBER SCENARIO (Middle
Coast, 1988).  Of course, abductions (or, according to my hypothesis, dis-
guised mind control operations) occurred previous to this year.
     133. John Marks interview with Milton Kline, December 22, 1977 (Marks
files).
     134. Brenda Butler ET AL., SKY CRASH, expanded edition (London:
Grafton Books, 1986), 305-321, 354-355.
     135. Telephone interview with Nancy Wright.
     136. Telephone interview with Miranda Parks.
     137. William Moore, "UFOs and the U.S. Government," FOCUS, vol. 4,
June 30, 1989.  Moore's role in the affair strikes me as highly
questionable, even scandalous -- although at least here we have one
instance of direct and irrefutable "insider" testimony of government
harassment.
     138. Some have also raised questions about his psychiatric treatment
of Oswald assassin Jack Ruby.  I find it odd that a CIA mind control veteran
-- who did NOT reside or practice in Dallas -- should have been assigned to
the Ruby case.
     139. Samiel Chavkin, THE MIND STEALERS (New York: Houghton Mifflin,
1978), 96-107.
     140. Raymond Fowler, THE ANDREASSON AFFAIR (New York: Prentice Hall,
1979).
     141. New York: Warner Books, 1989; 198-202.
     142. Ruth Montgomery, ALIENS AMONG US (Ballantine, 1985), 49. My
article "Psychiatric Abuse of UFO Witness," referred to earlier, also
documents this phenomenon.
     143. Chung-Kwang Chou and Arthur W. Guy, "Quantization of Microwave
Biological Effects," SYMPOSIUM OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND MEASUREMENT OF
RADIO FREQUENCY/MICROWAVES, edited by Dewitt G. Hazzard (U.S. Department of
Health, Education and Welfare, 1977).
     144. MIAMI HERALD, May 28, 1984 and June 6, 1984; NATIONAL EXAMINER,
vol. 22, no. 18, April 30, 1985.  Although the EXAMINER is a supermarket
tabloid, and therefore a questionable source, this periodical has rendered
researchers the service of printing the X-ray of Petit's brain, showing the
implant.  [Ever heard of airbrushing?  -jpg]
     145. Los Angeles TIMES, March 28, 1988.
     146. Raymond Fowler, THE ANDREASSON AFFAIR, PHASE TWO (Reward, 1982).
This book includes rare photographs of the unmarked helicopters which have
plagued this abduction victim and her family.
     147. A mutual friend described for me an incident in which the former
SEAL, mistakenly perceiving a threat, almost instantly felled, and nearly
killed, a man twice his size.  Whatever the truth of my informant's other
statements, he certainly has received advanced combat training.
     148. Fenton Bresler, WHO KILLED JOHN LENNON? (New York: St. Martin's
Press, 1989), 45-46.
     149. Bowart, OPERATION MIND CONTROL, 27-42.
     150. Denise Winn, THE MANIPULATED MIND (London, Octagon Press, 1983),
72-73; Bresler, WHO KILLED JOHN LENNON?, 41; see generally: Peter Watson,
WAR ON THE MIND (London: Hutchison, 1978) (Watson broke the story on Narut
for the London TIMES).
     151. Larry Collins, "Mind Control," PLAYBOY, January 1990.
     152. John Marks interview with Milton Kline, December 22, 1977 (Marks
files).
     153. Richard A. Gabriel, NO MORE HEROES (New York: Hill and Wang,
1987), 124.
     154. Ibid., 150-151.
     155. See generally: Mark Lane, CONVERSATIONS WITH AMERICANS (Simon and
Shuster, 1970); A.J. Langguth, HIDDEN TERRORS (New York: Pantheon, 1978).
     156. John G. Fuller, THE INTERRUPTED JOURNEY (New York: Dell, 1966).
     157. This detail plays a part in other abductions -- for example, it
crops up in the Betty Andreasson Luca case.  See Raymond Fowler, THE
ANDREASSON AFFAIR (New York: Bantam, 1980), 50-51.
     158. Stanton Friedman, for example; the reader is referred to his 1988
Whole Life Expo lecture, "UFOs: A Cosmic Watergate."
     159. THE BODY ELECTRIC, 196-202.
     160. The Fish map has received wide discussion; for a representative
sampling, the reader is directed to the aforementioned Friedman lecture
(note 158); Terence Dickenson, "The Zeti Reticuli Incident," ASTRONOMY,
December, 1974; Klass, UFO ABDUCTIONS: A DANGEROUS GAME, 20-23; and John
Rimmer, THE EVIDENCE FOR ALIEN ABDUCTIONS (Weillingborough: Aquarian,
1984), 88-92.  Incidentally, Klass has proposed to Friedman a test
regarding the ability to recall such material accurately under hypnotic
regression; Friedman, for reasons best known to himself, declined the offer
to participate.
     161. Jacques Vallee, DIMENSIONS (Chicago: Contemporary, 1988), 266.
     162. See Rimmer, THE EVIDENCE FOR ALIEN ABDUCTIONS, 91-92.  None of
this is meant to denigrate Marjorie Fish, whose work has received universal
praise.
     163. Fuller, THE INTERRUPTED JOURNEY, 18-19.
     164. Athan G. Theoharis and John Stuart Cox, THE BOSS: J. EDGAR HOOVER
AND THE GREAT AMERICAN INQUISITION (Philadelphia: Temple University Press,
1978), 325; Chip Berlet, "The Hunt for the Red Menace," COVERT ACTION
INFORMATION BULLETIN, no. 31 (winter, 1989); J. Edgar Hoover, COINTELPRO
(memo), March 4, 1968.
     165. For example, Delgado's work pre-dates the Hill incident.
Moreover, one of the few pages released on MKULTRA subproject 119 concerns
"a critical review of the literature and scientific developments related to
the recording, analysis and interpretation of bioelectric signals from the
human organism, and activation of human behavior by remote means."  The
review took place in 1960-61.  Presumably, the CIA wanted to DO something
with the information so derived.
     166. "UFO Abductions Workshop," Whole Life Expo, March, 1988.
     167. Ludwig Mayer, DIE TECHNIC DER HYPNOSE (Munich: J.H. Lehmanns
Verlag, 1953), 225; quoted in: Heinz E. Hammerschlag (translation: John
Cohen) HYPNOTISM AND CRIME (Hollywood: Wilshire Book Company, 1957), 24-25.
     168. Numerous articles discuss this possibility; see, for example,
William C. Coe ET AL. "An Approach Toward Isolating Factors that Influence
Antisocial Conduct in Hypnosis," THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL HYPNOSIS, 1972, vol XX, no. 2, 118-131, as well as other
reports in that issue.  The difference between the laboratory and the
"field" settings may account for the success of Mayer's experiment and the
apparent failure of the "aliens."  [Or perhaps Hopkins' informant REALIZED
he was in Miniluv and his autonomy was on the line; he reacted against this
standard Gestapo procedure as best he could: by turning the gun on O'Brien.
-jpg]
     169. For a description of a quite similar experiment conducted under
CIA auspices in 1954, see "CIA able to control minds by hypnosis, data
shows," THE WASHINGTON POST, February 19, 1978.
     170. Abductee interview, "Veronica."  The reader will, I hope, forgive
my use of a pseudonym here.  For the most part, I hope to deal in this work
with published cases.  Suffice it to say, Veronica's testimony proved
fascinating, troubling, convoluted, problematical; in spite of all the
questions raised by this case, I still believe it to have substantial
bearing on my thesis.  The reader will forgive me for severing relations
with this abductee before completing an investigation; she keeps a
mini-armory next to her bed.
     171. Abductee interview, "Veronica,"  At one point, she ran an
informal abductee/contactee group; as a result, she was able to describe
many other cases to me.  [Pseudomemories programmed into her?  -jpg]
     172. One ARTICHOKE document explicitly details a failed attempt to use
hypnosis to induce the assassination of a foreign leader.  The document is
undated; the experiment took place January 8-January 15, 1954.  Document
reproduced in CIA PAPERS, vol. 1 (Ann Arbor, MI: Capitol Information Asso-
ciates, 1986),39-41.
     173. John Marks interview of Prof. Jack Tracktir (Marks files).
     174. Jenny Randles, ABDUCTIONS (London: Robert Hale, 1988), 52-53.
     175. As in, for example, the Palle Hardrup affair.
     176. Private correspondence, Robert Durant to the author.
     177. Abductee interview, "Polly."  I won't give the facial details
here; suffice it to say that this abductor, like Margary's (noted earlier),
has something of the smell of greasepaint about him.
     178. The base is mantioned in Ann Druffel's and D. Scott Rogo's THE
TUJUNGA CANYON CONTACTS (New York: Signet, 1989) [expanded edition], 157.
     179. On the other hand, Armstrong asks us to accept his own channelled
material, so he would have an awkward time should he choose to challenge the
"psychic impressions" of others.
     180. Jacques Vallee, MESSENGERS OF DECEPTION (Berkeley: And/Or Press,
1979), 192-193.
     181. Curtis G. Fuller (editor), PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL
UFO CONGRESS (New York: Warner Books, 1980), 307.
     182. For information of Pelley, see John Roy Carlson, UNDER COVER (New
York: Dutton, 1943).
     183. Gerald B. Bryan, PSYCHIC DICTATORSHIP IN AMERICA (Los Angeles:
Truth Research, 1940).  An essential book-length expose of Ballardism.  One
of Bryan's sources alleges that Ballard, before founding the I AM group, may
have practiced some variety of black magic.
     184. The student should carefully compare the I AM dogma with the
available information on pre-Third Reich occultism; the best sources are
James Webb's masterful analyses, THE OCCULT ESTABLISHMENT and THE OCCULT
UNDERGROUND (La Salle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing, 1976).
     185. Vallee, MESSENGERS OF DECEPTION, 192-194.
     186. Even a cursory examination of Williamson's SECRET OF THE ANDES
(London: Neville Superman, 1961), written under the pseudonym Brother
Philip, will reveal the I AM connections.
     187. Personal sources.  Van Tassell's "Integration," a domed structure
allegedly built under extra-terrestrial guidance (located near 29 Palms,
California) prominently displays, to this day, key I AM artifacts such as
the portraits of Jesus and Saint Germain (commissioned by Ballard).
     188. "The Afghan Arms Pipeline," COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN,
no. 30 (summer, 1988).
     189. Telephone interview with John Judge.
     190. Village of Oak Creek, Arizona: Entheos, 1989, 119.  I can't
recall ever encountering another book title which contained so many
grammatical errors.  Armstrong's accomplishment is genuinely impressive.
     191. For further information on I AM, Prophet's organization, saucer
cults, and other groups, see the appropriate sections of J. Gordon Melton's
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN RELIGION.
     192. Ruth Montgomery, ALIENS AMONG US (New York: Ballantine, 1985),
128-188.
     193. Penny Harper, "Are Aliens Taking Over the Earth?" WHOLE LIFE
TIMES, January 1990.
     194. John Keel, WHY UFOS: OPERATION TROJAN HORSE (New York: Manor
Books, 1970) [paperback edition], 228.
     195. Hickson and Mendez, UFO CONTACT AT PASCAGOULA, 242.
     196. Strieber, COMMUNION, 134; TRANSFORMATION, 109.
     197. "Contactee: Firsthand," UFO magazine, vol. 4, no. 2, 1989.
     198. Telephone conversation, Tom Adams.
     199. Ed Conroy, REPORT ON COMMUNION (New York: William Morrow, 1989),
365-385.
     200. "Contactee: Firsthand," UFO magazine, vol. 3, no. 3.
     201. New York: Zebra, 1971.  See especially note 2, Chap. 9.


                   SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MIND CONTROL

ACID DREAMS, by Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain (Grove, 1985).  Outstanding
     work on MKULTRA and drugs.

THE BODY ELECTRIC, by Robert Becker (Morrow, 1985).  Important.

THE BRAIN CHANGERS, by Maya Pines (Signet, 1973).  Outdated, but an
excellent
     chapter on the stimoceiver and related technologies.

BRAIN CONTROL, by Elliot Valenstein (John Wiley and Sons, 1973).  Highly
     conservative; outdated; still worth reading.

CIA PAPERS, compiled by Capitol Information Associates (POB 8275, Ann Arbor,
     Michigan, 48107).  Interesting selection of MKULTRA documents.

THE CONTROL OF CANDY JONES, by Donald Bain (Playboy Press, 1976).  Mandatory
     reading.

HUMAN DRUG TESTING BY THE CIA, hearings before the Subcommittee on Health
and
     Scientific Research on the Committee on Human Resources, United States
     Senate (Government Printing Office, 1977).

HYPNOTISM, by George Estabrooks (Dutton, 1957).  See especially the chapters
     on hypnosis in warfare and crime.  Some modern experts in clinical
     hypnosis decry Estabrooks' work.  These "experts" tend to have a
     history of funding by CIA cut-outs and military intelligence.  I
     suspect they denounce Estabrooks not because his work was shoddy, but
     because he let the cat out of the bag.

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND THE FEDERAL ROLE IN BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION, by the
     Staff of the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Committee
     of the Judiciary, United States Senate (Government Printing Office,
     1974).

MEGABRAIN, by Michael Hutchison (Ballantine, 1986).  The only popular book
     on modern mind machines.

MESSENGERS OF DECEPTION, by Jacques Vallee (And/Or, 1979).  Vallee has been
     criticized, correctly, for including in this book invented "conver-
     sations" with a composite character he calls Major Murphy.  But the
     section on cults in this book bears a haunting resemblance to stories
     I have heard in my own investigations.

THE MIND MANIPULATORS, by Opton and Scheflin (Paddington Press, 1978).  Con-
     servative, but extremely useful as a reference work.

MIND WARS, by Ronald McCrae (St. Martin's Press, 1984).

OPERATION MIND CONTROL, by Walter Bowart (Dell, 1978).  The best single
     volume on the subject.  Difficult to find; indeed, this book's rapid
     disappearance from bookstores and libraries has aroused the
     suspicions of some researchers.  (Tom David Books, POB 1107, Aptos,
     CA 95001, carries this work.)

PHYSICAL CONTROL OF THE MIND, by Jose Delgado (Harper and Row, 1969).
     Outdated but still essential.

PROJECT MKULTRA, joint hearing before the Select Committee on Health and
     Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States
     Senate (Government Printing Office, 1977).

PSYCHIC WARFARE: FACT OR FICTION? edited by John White (Aquarian, 1988).
     See especially Michael Rossman's contribution.

PSYCHOTECHNOLOGY, Robert L. Schwitzgebel and Ralph K. Schwitzgebel (Holt,
     Rhinehart and Winston, 1973).

THE SCIENTIST, by John Lilly (expanded edition: Ronin, 1988).  Bizarre --
     Lilly is an ex-"brainwashing" specialist who claims to be in contact
     with aliens.  Is he controlled or controlling?

THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE", by John Marks (Bantam, 1978).  An
     invaluable book.  However, many people have made the mistake of
     assuming it tells the full story.  It does not.

WERE WE CONTROLLED? by Lincoln Lawrence (University Books, 1967).  Explores
     possible connections to the JFK assassination.  Dr. Petter Lindstrom's
     endorsement of this work makes it mandatory reading.

WHO KILLED JOHN LENNON? by Fenton Bresler (St. Martin's Press, 1989).
     Interesting thesis concerning the possible use of mind control on Mark
     David Chapman.  Better in its analysis of Chapman than in its history
     of mind control.  In my own work, I have encountered data which may
     help confirm Bresler's theory.

THE ZAPPING OF AMERICA, by Paul Brodeur (MacLeod [Canadian edition], 1976).
     Contains a good chapter on microwave mind control technology.

The important stories of Martti Koski and Robert Naeslund can be obtained by
sending three dollars to Martti Koski, Kiilinpellontie 2, 21290 Rusko,
FINLAND.  Koski's description of his "programming" sessions should not be
taken at face value; we cannot always trust the perception of someone whose
perception has been altered.  His research into the technology of mind
control
is solid.



PoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEBoBPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoEPoE

But none of that could ever happen in THIS country, oh never.  We're
protected by the Philip Morris Constitution(tm) and the National Security
Act of 1947.

                       AND I FEEL SECURE.  DON'T YOU?

Television certainly couldn't be INTENTIONALLY CONTRIVED to induce
hypnagogic f trance states in its viewers through which the Con delivers
ONENESS FANTASY INDUCTION, Oral Gratification Stimulation and **DEATH
ANXIETY** SIGNALS. <girlfriend and I are one>   WHY DO YOU THINK IT'S
CALLED "PROGRAMMING"!?!? n We have American brand McFreedom:  we're free to
consume ourselves into indentured-servitude/wage-slave debt, free to get
the BEST MIND CONTROL ADVERTISING that CREDIT CAN BUY.  Never mind
McGovernment prying into our o bladders for evidence of
Thoughtcrime...those evil drug users aren't consuming the RIGHT,
government-SUBSIDIZED drugs and therefore are traitors to the Fatherland!
<feed me> The Drug Czar really WASN'T ADDICTED TO NICOTINE; he r chewed
Nicorettes TO SET A SHINING EXAMPLE FOR THE CHILDREN and make them GOOD
CONSUMERS OF PHILIP MORRIS tobacco products.  <buy or die>  Hail Helms!
Viva Zapata Oil!  NSA KNOWS BEST! d


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