What Someone with Mineral Lore at 51% Knows

     People in Glorantha have as much trouble telling gems apart
as people on Earth do.  They may have more, because the shape of
a stone gives no information about it.  With some exceptions, any
stone could have its shape because a sorceror formed it that way.
Sorcerors can also mold a mottled or banded stone like clay until
it has a consistent color.  Sorcerors or simple craftsmen can
change a stone's texture.  This leaves color, transparency,
toughness, and fragility as the main distinguishing
characteristics.  Glass is the great unknown.  It can be flecked,
banded, layered, milky, silky or catseye.  It can be transparent
or translucent, or opaque if a dark color.

Notes:
s = solid (assume all gems are solid unless an m or b note
     appears)
f = flecked
m = milky or waxy
b = banded
l = layered
c = catseye
w = waxy
g = glittering
Multicolored stones are of the same transparency as solid stones
of the same type; where there is none, Tp (Transparent), Tl
(Translucent), or O (Opaque) appears.

If it is...                  Then the gem could be:
Black and
  Transparent         Diamond, or Zircon
  Translucent         Diamond, or Zircon
  Opaque                    Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed),
                            Coral (s, f), Jet (s, f, g, w), Obsidian
                            (s, f, b), Pearl

Blue and
  Transparent         Aquamarine, Diamond, Jewelflor (whitish),
                      Quartz, Sapphire, or Zircon
  Translucent         Aquamarine, Jewelflor (whitish), Quartz, or
                      Zircon
  Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed), Coral
                      (s, f), Lapis Lazuli (f), Pearl, Turquoise
                      (s, f)

Brown and
  Transparent         Diamond
  Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (f, or dyed s),
                      Jet (s, f, g, w), Petrified Wood, Sard,
                      Tiger's Eye, or Topaz
  Orange              Hawk's Eye (O: c)
  Yellow              Chalcedony (b)
  Yellow & White      Chalcedony (b)

Clear and
  Transparent         Diamond, Jewelflor, Quartz, or Zircon
  Translucent         Jewelflor (m, w), or Zircon

Gray and
  Translucent         Agate,
  Opaque              Agate (f), Alabaster (dyed), Bezoar (s, f),
                      Chalcedony (dyed), Echostone (s, f),
                      Ironrock, Pearl, Petrified Wood, or Prase
                      (greenish)
  Orange              Agate (b)

Green and
  Transparent         Aquamarine (bluish), Arkatite (in daylight),
                      Diamond, Emerald (s, f, b), Jewelflor,
                      Quartz, Sapphire (bluish), or Zircon
  Translucent         Aquamarine (bluish), Emerald (s, f, b), Jade
                      (s, f, m, b), Jewelflor (m, w), Sapphire
                      (bluish)
  Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed),
                      Chrysoprase (f, b), Grow Stone (s, f), Jade
                      (s, f, m, b), Jewelflor (m, w, g), Prase
                      (grayish)
  Brown               Chrysoprase (b), Jade (f, b)
  White               Chrysoprase (b, f), Jade (f, b)

Orange and
  Transparent         Amber, Diamond, Zircon
  Translucent         Agate
  Opaque              Agate (f), Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony
                      (dyed), Grow Stone
  Brown               Hawk's Eye (o)
  Gray                Agate (b)

Pink and
  Transparent         Quartz, Ruby, or Zircon
  Translucent         Ruby
  Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (dyed), Coral
                      (s, f), Grow Stone, Sard,

Red and
  Transparent         Amber, Arkatite (by firelight), Ruby
  Translucent         Almandine, Cornelian (m, w), Ruby
  Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Bloodstone (f), Chalcedony
                      (dyed), Coral (s, f)
  Black               Bloodstone (f), Coral (f, b), Jasper (O: b,
                      f)
  Brown               Bloodstone (f), Coral (f), Jasper (O: b, f)
  Green               Bloodstone (f)
  Orange              Jasper (O: b, f)
  White               Jasper (O: b, f)

      Onyx (dark and light), Opal (spectrum of speckles), Tiger's
     Eye (brown and yellow, perhaps with red lines), or Turquoise
     (blue and one or more of: black, brown, or white)

Violet and
  Transparent         Amethyst, Jewelfor (whitish), Zircon
  Translucent         Almandine, Jewelflor (whitish)
  Opaque              Amethyst (f), Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony
                      (f, b, or dyed s), Grow Stone
  White               Amethyst (b), Chalcedony (b), Jade (f, b),
                      Jewelflor (m)

White and
  Transparent         Jewelflor
  Translucent         Alabaster (see notes), Jade (s, f, b)
  Opaque              Alabaster (natural), Chalcedony (b or dyed
                      s), Coral, Grow Stone, Ivory, Jade (s, f, b),
                      Pearl
  Violet              Amethyst (b), Chalcedony (b), Jade (f, b)
  Yellow & Brown      Chalcedony (b), Jade (f, b)

Yellow and
  Transparent         Amber, Chrysoberyl (s, c), Diamond, Zircon
  Translucent         Jade (f, b), Jewelflor
  Opaque              Alabaster (dyed), Chalcedony (f, b, or dyed
                      s), Grow Stone, Ivory, Jade (s, f, m, b),
                      Topaz
  Brown               Chalcedony (f or b), Jade (f, b)
  Brown & White       Chalcedony (f or b), Jade (f)

                                SUMMARY:

Gem              Color(s)                                Transparency
AGATE            O, Gy, banded                           Op, Tl
ALABASTER        W                                       Op
ALMANDINE        R-Vt                                    Tl
AMBER            O, Y, or R                              Tp, Tl
AMETHYST         Vt (+W)                                 Tp (W=Op)
AQUAMARINE       Bu, Bu-Gn                               Tp, (Tl)
ARKATITE         Gn in daylight, lt R by firelight
                or magical light                        Tl
BEZOAR           Gray                                    Op
BLOODSTONE       Dark Gn + R                             Op
CHALCEDONY       banded/mottled                          waxy, dull, or
                                                        Tl
CHRYSOBERYL      golden-Y                                Tp
CHRYSOPRASE      mottled/banded Gn                       Tl and Op
CORAL            R, W, P, Bk, Bu                         Op
CORNELIAN        cherry R                                waxy or milky
DIAMOND          C, Y, Bn, Bu, Gn, O, Bk                 Tp
ECHOSTONE        Gray                                    Op
EMERALD          Gn                                      Tp or Tl
                                                        lustrous
GLASS            Any                                     Tp or Tl
GROW STONE       Gn                                      Op
HAWK'S EYE       O + Bn striped                          Op
IRONROCK         Gray                                    Op
IVORY            W                                       Op
JADE             Gn, W or Y                              Op, Tl
JASPER           dark red and white, brown, or
                black, striped/spotted                  Op
JET              Bk, Bn                                  Op
JEWELFLOR        W, C, W/Gn, W/Bu                        Tp
LAPIS LAZULI     Bu (spotted/striped)                    Op
OBSIDIAN         Bk                                      Op
ONYX             even layers dark and light,
                especially white and black              Op
OPAL             iridescent rainbow                      Tp, Op
PEARL            W, Bk, Bu, G                            Op
PETRIFIED WOOD   Bn, Gy                                  Op
PRASE            Lt Gy-Gn, mottled                       Op
QUARTZ           C                                       Tp
RUBY             R                                       Tp, Tl
SAPPHIRE         Bu or Bu-Gn                             Tp
SARD             R-Bn                                    Tp or milky
TIGER'S EYE      Bn + Y striped, (+ dark R lines)        Op
TOPAZ            Bn or Y, too deep to be
                chrysoberl, or Gn- or R-tinted
                yellow stones                           Tp, Tl
TURQUOISE        Bu (+Bk, Bn, or W)                      Op
ZIRCON           variety                                 Tl