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� ------- Drug Information -------� �
� �
� X. Drug Index �
� A. About This Section �
� B. Penicillins �
� C. Non-narcotic Pain Relievers �
� D. High Blood Pressure �
� E. Cardiac and Circulatory �
� F. Narcotic Pain Relievers �
� G. Dermal (skin) Medications �
� H. Checklist for Safer Drug Use �
� I. Anti-infectives �
� J. Anti-Virals �
� K. Sedatives - Hypnotics �
� L. Antianxiety Medications �
� M. Anti-emetics �
� N. Cortisone Drugs (Steroids) �
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* Return to Main Menu
This section is designed to give you general information on
drugs you may be taking.
The drugs are listed by their generic names under the
categories of illness in which they are most useful.
At present this drug listing is small, but I will continue
adding to it. If you have a specific medication you would
like information on, please leave a message to that effect
and I will add it. This will help me to make the list more
complete.
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� �
� ------Penicillins------ �
� �
� A. Amoxicillin �
� B. Ampicillin �
� C. Bacampicillin �
� D. Cloxacillin �
� E. Penicillin V �
� �
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Usage:
Systemic infections; acute and chronic urinary tract
infections.
Possible Side Effects:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypersensitivity (rash),
itching.
Interaction With Other Drugs:
Probenecid: Increases blood levels of penicillin.
Probenecid is often used for this purpose.
Other Considerations:
Notify doctor of other drug allergies.
Take with food to prevent gastric distress.
Take exactly as prescribed and take entire quantity
prescribed.
AMPICILLIN
Brand Names:
Amcap, Amcill, Pfizerpen A, Principen, Roampicillin.
Usage:
Systemic infections; acute and chronic urinary tract
infections.
Possible Side Effects:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis (inflammation of the
tongue), stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth),
hypersensitivity (rash), itching.
Interaction with other drugs:
Probenecid: increases blood levels of penicillin.
Probenecid is often used for this purpose.
Other Considerations:
Inform doctor of any drug allergies.
Take medication exactly as prescribed and take entire
quantity prescribed.
Call doctor if rash, fever or chills develop.
Take 1 to 2 hours before meals or 2 to 3 hours after.
Possible Side Effects:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis (inflammation of the
tongue), stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth),
hypersensitivity (rash), itching
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Probenecid: Increases blood levels of bacampicillin or
other penicillins. Probenecid is often used for this
purpose.
Other Considerations:
Inform doctor of any drug allergies.
Take entire quantity prescribed.
Call doctor if rash, fever, or chills develop.
CLOXACILLIN SODIUM
Brand Names:
Cloxapen, Tegopen
Usage:
Systemic infections
Possible Side Effects:
Nausea, vomiting, stomach distress, diarrhea,
hypersensitivity (rash, itching, chills, fever, sneezing,
wheezing)
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Probenecid: Increases blood levels of penicillin.
Probenecid is often used for this purpose.
Other Considerations:
Take exactly as prescribed and take entire quantity
prescribed.
Call doctor if rash, fever or chills develop.
Take 1 to 2 hours before meals or 2 to 3 hours after.
Take with full glass of water, not fruit juice or
carbonated beverage, because acid will inactivate the
drug.
Possible Side Effects:
Stomach distress, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea,
hypersensitivity (rash, itching, chills, fever, swelling)
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Neomycin: decreases absorption of penicillin.
Probenecid: increases blood levels of penicillin.
Probenecid is often used for this purpose.
Other Considerations:
Inform doctor of any drug allergies.
Take medication exactly as prescribed and take entire
quantity prescribed.
Take 1 to 2 hours before meals and 2 to 3 hours after.
Take with a full glass of water, not fruit juice or a
carbonated beverage, because acid will inactivate the
drug.
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� �
� ------Non-narcotic Pain Relievers------ �
� �
� A. Acetaminophen �
� B. Aspirin �
� C. Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate �
� D. Diflunisal �
� E. Meclofenamate �
� F. Sulindac �
� G. Sulfasalazine �
� �
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Possible Side Effects:
Rash, itching, severe liver damage with over dosing
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Diflunisal: increases acetaminophen blood levels. Don't
use together.
Cholestyramine: inhibits acetaminophen's absorption.
Avoid using together.
Other Considerations:
Be aware that high dosage or unsupervised chronic use can
cause liver damage.
Don't use for self-medication of high fever (103.1 degrees
F), fever persisting longer than 3 days, or recurrent
fever unless directed by your doctor.
Liquid form is recommended for children.
Possible Side Effects:
Prolonged bleeding time; ringing in the ears and hearing
loss; nausea, vomiting, gastric distress, hidden bleeding,
rash, bruising, hypersensitivity manifested by shock
and/or asthma.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Ammonium chloride (and other urine acidifiers): increased
blood levels of aspirin products. Monitor for over dose.
Antacids in high doses (and other urine alkalinizers):
decreased levels of aspirin products.
Corticosteroids: Enhanced elimination. Monitor for
decreased effects.
Oral anticoagulants and heparin: increase risk of
bleeding. Avoid using together if possible.
Other Considerations:
Do not use if you have a gastric ulcer, or gastric
bleeding.
Recommended that children or teenagers with chicken pox or
influenza-like illness not be given salicylates (aspirin).
Give with food, milk, antacid, or large glass of water to
reduce gastric distress.
CHOLINE MAGNESIUM TRISALICYLATE
Brand Name:
Trilisate
Usage:
Arthritis; mild-to-moderate pain and fever.
Possible Side Effects:
Tinging in the ears and hearing loss, nausea, vomiting,
gastric distress, hidden bleeding, rash, hypersensitivity
manifested by shock and/or asthma.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Ammonium chloride: increased blood levels of salicylates.
Antacids in high doses: decreased levels of salicylates.
Corticosteroids: enhance salicylate elimination. Monitor
for decreased salicylate effect.
Oral anticoagulants and heparin: increase risk of
bleeding. Avoid using together if possible.
Other Considerations:
Do not use if you have gastric ulcer or gastric bleeding.
Recommended that it not be given to children or teenagers
with chicken pox or influenza-like illness.
Take with food or full glass of water.
DIFLUNISAL
Brand Names:
Dolobid
Usage:
Mild to moderate pain and osteoarthritis
Possible Side Effects:
Dizziness, insomnia, headache, ringing in the ears,
nausea, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal pain, diarrhea,
vomiting, constipation, excess gas, rash, itching.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Aspirin, antacids: Decreased diflunisal blood levels.
Other Considerations:
May take with water, milk, or meals.
MECLOFENAMATE
BRAND NAMES
Meclomen
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? No
Drug class: Anti-inflammatory (non-steroid)
USES
Treatment for joint pain, stiffness, inflammation and
swelling of arthritis and gout.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Capsule--Swallow with liquid or food to lessen stomach
irritation. If you can't swallow whole, open capsule
and take with liquid or food.
When to take:
At the same times each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If
more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't
double this dose).
What drug does:
Reduces tissue concentration of prostaglandins
(hormones which produce inflammation and pain).
Time lapse before drug works:
Begins in 4 to 24 hours. May require 3 weeks regular
use for maximum benefit.
Don't take with:
See interaction column and consult doctor.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Confusion, agitation, incoherence, convulsions,
possible hemorrhage from stomach or intestine, coma.
What to do:
*Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance
or medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
*See emergency information.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
------------------------------------------------------
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
*Dizziness, nausea, pain. Continue. Call doctor when
convenient.
*Headache. Continue. Tell doctor at
next visit.
Infrequent:
*Depression; drowsiness; Continue. Call doctor when
ringing in ears; convenient.
constipation or diarrhea;
vomiting; swollen feet,
legs.
Rare:
*Convilsions; confusion; Discontinue. Call doctor
rash, hives, or itchy right away.
skin; blurred vision;
black, bloody or tarry
stool; difficult
breathing; tightness in
chest; rapid heartbeat;
unusual bleeding or
bruising; blood in urine;
jaundice.
*Frequent, painful or Continue. Call doctor when
difficult urination; convenient.
fatigue, weakness.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
*You are allergic to aspirin or any non-steroid,
anti-inflammatory drug.
*You have gastritis, peptic ulcer, enteritis, ileitis,
ulcerative colitis, asthma, heart failure, high blood
pressure or bleeding problems.
*You are younger than 15.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
*If you have epilepsy.
*If you have Parkinson's disease.
*If you have been mentally ill.
*If you have had kidney disease or impaired kidney
function.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent
and severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
Studies inconclusive on harm to unborn child. Decide
with your doctor whether drug benefits justify risk to
unborn child.
Breast-feeding:
May harm child. Avoid.
Infants and children:
Not recommended for anyone younger than 15. Use only
under medical supervision.
Prolonged use:
*Eye damage.
*Reduced hearing.
*Sore throat, fever.
*Weight gain.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how
medicine affects you. Don't work around dangerous
machinery. Don't climb ladders or work in high places.
Danger increases if you drink alcohol or take medicine
affecting alertness and reflexes, such as
antihistamines, tranquilizers, sedatives, pain
medicine, narcotics and mind-altering drugs.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without consulting doctor. Dose may
require gradual reduction if you have taken drug for a
long time. Doses of other drugs may also require
adjustment.
Others:
No problems expected.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect
---------------------------------------------------------
Acebutolol Decreased antihypertensive
effect of acebutolol.
Anticoagulants (oral) Increased risk of bleeding.
Aspirin Increased risk of stomach
ulcer.
Cortisone drugs Increased risk of stomach
ulcer.
Furosemide Decreased diuretic effect
of furosemide.
Gold compounds Possible increased
likelihood of kidney damage.
Ketoprofen Increased possibility of
internal bleeding.
Minoxidil Decreased minoxidil effect.
Oxprenolol Decreased antihypertensive
effect of oxprenolol.
Oxphenbutazone Possible stomach ulcer.
Phenylbutazone Possible stomach ulcer.
Probenecid Increased meclofenamate
effect.
Thyroid hormones Rapid heartbeat, blood-
pressure rise.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts with Combined effect
----------------------------------------------------------
Alcohol: Possible stomach ulcer
or bleeding.
Beverages: None expected.
Cocaine: None expected.
Foods: None expected.
Marijuana: Increased pain relief
from meclofenamate.
Tobacco: None expected.
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Sulfa (sulfonamide)
USES
Treatment for ulceration and bleeding during active phase of
ulcerative colitis.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet--Swallow with liquid. Instructions to take on empty
stomach mean 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating.
Liquid--Shake carefully before measuring.
When to take:
At the same times each day, evenly spaced.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than
2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this
dose).
What drug does:
Anti-inflammatory action reduces tissue destruction in colon.
Time lapse before drug works:
2 to 5 days.
Don't take with:
See interaction column and consult doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
________________________________________________________________________
Symptoms What to do
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
Itchy skin, rash. Discontinue. Call doctor right
away.
Headache, nausea, Continue. Call doctor when
vomiting, diarrhea, when convenient.
appetite loss.
Orange urine. Continue. Tell doctor at next
visit.
Infrequent:
Red, peeling or Discontinue. Call doctor right
blistering skin; away.
sore throat; fever;
swallowing difficulty;
unusual bruising;
aching joints or
muscles; jaundice.
Dizziness. Continue. Call doctor when
convenient.
Rare:
Painful urination; Discontinue. Call doctor right
low back pain; away.
numbness, tingling,
burning feeling in feet
and hands.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Less urine, bloody urine, coma.
What to do:
Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to any sulfa drug.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you are allergic to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, oral
antidiabetics or thiazide or loop diuretics.
If you are allergic by nature.
If you have liver or kidney disease.
If you have porphyria.
If you have developed anemia from use of any drug.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and
severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
Risk ot unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use.
Breast-feeding:
Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing
until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on
maintaining milk supply.
Infants and Children:
Don't give to infants younger than 1 month.
Prolonged use:
May enlarge thyroid gland.
You may become more susceptible to infections caused by germs
not responsive to this drug.
Request frequent blood counts, liver- and kidney-function
studies.
Skin and sunlight:
May cause rash or intensify sunburn in areas exposed to sun or
sunlamp.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel dizzy. Otherwise, no problems expected.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you complete
prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear.
Others:
Drink 2 quarts of liquid each day to prevent adverse
reactions.
If you require surgery, tell anesthetist you take sulfa.
Pentothal anesthesia should not be used.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
________________________________________________________________________
Generic name or drug class Combined effect
Aminobenzoate potassium Possible decreased sulfa
effect.
Vitamin C Possible kidney damage.
Avoid large doses of
vitamin C.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
________________________________________________________________________
Interacts with Combined effect
Alcohol: Increased alcohol effect.
Beverages: Less than Kidney damage.
2 quarts of fluid daily.
Cocaine: None expected.
Foods: None expected.
Marijuana: None expected.
Tobacco: None expected.
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� �
� ------High Blood Pressure------ �
� �
� A. Captopril �
� B. Clonidine Hydrochloride �
� C. Hydralazine Hydrochloride �
� D. Methyldopa �
� E. Metoprolol Tartrate �
� F. Prazosin Hydrochloride �
� G. Hydrochlorothiazide �
� H. Triamterine �
� �
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CAPTOPRIL
Brand Name:
Capoten
Usage:
Contol high blood pressure; aid in relief of heart
failure.
Possible Side Effects:
Increased heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of taste,
lack of appetite, rash, itching, dizziness, fainting.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Inflammation reducing drugs including aspirin: may reduce
effectiveness.
Potassium supplements: increased risk of too high a level
of Potassium.
Antacids: Decreased captopril effect.
Other Considerations:
Report any sign of infection (sore throat, fever) to
doctor.
Take 1 hour before meals.
Avoid sudden changes in position as may cause dizziness.
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Brand Names:
Catapres, Catapres-TTS
Usage:
Control high blood pressure; to suppress abstinance
symptoms during narcotics withdrawal.
Possible Side Effects:
Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, sedation, nervousness,
headache, dizziness on changing position quickly, mouth
dryness, constipation, itching.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Antidepressants: may increase effect of Catepres. Use
together cautiously.
Propranolol: Unpredictable blood pressure response.
Other Considerations:
Take drug exactly as prescribed. Do not discontinue
abruptly.
May cause drowsiness, but tolerance to this will develop.
Avoid sudden position changes to minimize dizziness.
Press ENTER to continue c
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Brand Names:
Apresoline, Hydralyn, Rolazine
Usage:
Reduce high blood pressure, aid in relieving congestive
heart failure, by injection to reduce high blood pressure
quickly.
Possible Side Effects:
Headache, dizziness on changing position quickly,
increased heart rate, angina, palpitations, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, rash, weight gain.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Diazoxide: May cause severe lowering of blood pressure.
Use together cautiously.
Other Considerations:
Call doctor immediately on development of sore throat,
fever, muscle and joint aches, skin rash).
Take drug exactly as prescribed.
Do not discontinue suddenly.
Take with meals to increase absorption.
METHYLDOPA
Brand Name:
Aldomet
Usage:
For long lasting mild to severe high blood pressure.
Possible Side Effects:
Sedation, headache, weakness, dizziness, decreased mental
acuity, depression, nightmares, decreased heart rate,
swelling, weight gain, dry mouth, nasal stuffiness,
diarrhea, skin rash, drug-induced fever.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Norepinephrine, phenothiazines, certain antidepressants,
amphetamines: May increase blood pressure. Use with
caution.
Other Considerations:
Report any side effects, particularly unexplained fever,
to doctor.
Weigh daily. Notify doctor of any weight increase.
Urine may turn dark in toilet bowls treated with bleach.
Take drug exactly as prescribed.
Do not stop drug suddenly.
Minimize dizziness by rising slowly and avoiding sudden
position changes.
Mouth dryness can be relieved with sugarless chewing gum,
sour hard candy, or ice chips.
METOPROLOL TARTRATE
Brand Names:
Lopressor
Usage:
To reduce high blood pressure.
Possible Side Effects:
Fatigue, lethargy, decreased heart rate, low blood
pressure, congestive heart failure, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, rahs, fever.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Insulin, hypoglycemic drugs: can alter dosage requirements
in previously stabilized diabetics.
Cardiac medications: excessively slow heart rate.
Barbiturates, rifampin: May decrease effect of
metoprolol.
Chlorpromazine, cimetidine: May increase effect of
metoprolol.
Indomethacin: decrease in effectiveness of metoprolol.
Other Considerations:
Do not discontinue drug abruptly.
Call doctor if unpleasant side effects develop.
Give consistently with meals. Food may increase
absorption.
PRAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Brand Name:
Minipress
Usage:
Mild to moderate high blood pressure
Possible Side Effects:
Dizziness, headache, drowsiness, weakness, depression,
palpitations, blurred vision, dry mouth, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal cramps, constipation, nausea.
Interactions With Other Drugs:
Propranolol: fainting may occur. Sit or lie down if you
feel dizzy.
Other Considerations:
Take exactly as prescribed.
Do not discontinue suddenly.
Call doctor if unpleasant side effects develop.
Rise slowly and avoid sudden position changes to minimize
dizziness.
Mouth dryness can be relieved with sugarless chewing gum,
sour hard candy, or ice chips.
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Antihypertensive, diuretic (thiazide)
USES
Controls, but doesn't cure high, high blood pressure.
Reduces fluid retention (edema).
DOSAGE & USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet or liquid--Swallow with liquid. If you can't swallow
whole, crumble tablet and take with liquid or food.
When to take:
At the same time each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than
2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this
dose).
What drug does:
Forces sodium and water excretion, reducing body fluid.
Relaxes muscle cells of small arteries.
Reduced body fluid and relaxed arteries lower blood pressure.
Time lapse before drug works:
4 to 6 hours. May require several weeks to lower blood
pressure.
Don't take with:
See interaction column and consult doctor.
Non-prescription drugs without consulting doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
______________________________________________________________________
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
None expected.
Infrequent:
Blurred vision, Discontinue. Call doctor
severe abdominal pain, right away.
nausea, vomiting,
irregular heartbeat,
weak pulse.
Dizziness, mood Continue. Call doctor when
change, headache, convenient.
weakness, tiredness,
weight changes.
Dry mouth, thirst. Continue. Tell doctor at
next visit.
Rare:
Rash or hives. Discontinue. Seek emergency
treatment.
Sore throat, Discontinue. Call doctor
fever, jaundice. right away.
What to do:
Dial 0 (operaotr) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to any thiazide diuretic drug.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you are allergic to any sulfa drug.
If you have gout.
If you have liver, pancreas or kidney disorder.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and
severe than in younger persons, especially dizziness and
excessive potassium loss.
Pregnancy:
Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use.
Breast-feeding:
Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing.
Infants & children:
No problems expected.
Prolonged use:
You may need medicine to treat high blood pressure for the
rest of your life.
Skin and sunlight:
May cause rash or intensify sunburn in areas exposed to sun or
sunlamp.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how medicine
affects you. Don't work around dangerous machinery. Don't
climb ladders or work in high places. Danger increases if
you drink alcohol or take medicine affecting alertness and
reflexes, such as antihistamines, tranquilizers, sedatives,
pain medicine, narcotics and mind-altering drugs.
Others:
Hot weather and fever may cause dehydration and drop in blood
pressure. Dose may require temporary adjustment. Weigh daily
and report any unexpected weight decreases to your doctor.
May cause rise in uric acid, leading to gout.
May cause blood-sugar rise in diabetics.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic name or drug class Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
ACE inhibitors: captopril, Decreased blood pressure.
enalapril, lisinopril
Allopurinol Decreased allopurinol effect.
Amiodarone Increased risk of heartbeat
irregularity due to low
potassium.
Amphotericin B Increased potassium.
Antidepressants, Dangerous drop in blood
tricyclic pressure. Avoid combination
unless under medical
supervision.
MAO inhibitors Increased hydrochlorothiazide
effect.
Nitrates Excessive blood pressure drop.
Opiates Dizziness or weakness when
standing up or after sitting
or lying down.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts with Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
Alcohol: Dangerous blood pressure drop.
Beverages: None expected.
Cocaine: None expected.
Foods:
Licorice. Excessive potassium loss that
causes dangerous heart
thythms.
Marijuana: May increase blood pressure.
Tobacco: None expected.
TRIAMTERENE
BRAND NAMES
Dyazide Maxzide
Dyrenium
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? No
Drug class: Antihypertensive, diuretic.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Capsule--Swallow with liquid or food to lessen stomach
irritation. If you can't swallow whole, open capsule and take
with liquid or food.
When to take:
*1 dose per day--take after breakfast.
*More than 1 dose per day--take last dose no later than 6 pm.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 6 hours late. If more than
6 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this
dose).
What drug does:
Increases urine production to eliminate sodium and water from
body while conserving potassium.
Time lapse before drug works:
2 hours. May require 2 to 3 days for maximum benefit.
Don't take with:
See interaction column and consult doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
______________________________________________________________________
Life-threatening:
Hives, rash, intense Seek emergency treatment
itching, faintness immediately.
soon after a dose
(anaphylaxis).
Common:
None expected.
Infrequent:
Drowsiness, thirst, Discontinue. Call doctor
dry mouth, confusion, right away.
irregular heartbeat,
shortness of breath,
kidney stones, unusual
tiredness, weakness.
Diarrhea Continue. Call doctor when
convenient.
Anxiety Continue. Tell doctor at next
visit.
Rare:
Rash, sore throat, Discontinue. Call doctor
fever, red or inflamed right away.
tongue, unusual
bleeding or bruising.
What to do:
Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
If patient is unconscious and not breathing, give
mouth-to-mouth breathing. If there is no heartbeat, use
cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth breathing (CPR). Don't try
to make patient vomit. If you can't get help quickly, take
patient to nearest emergency facility.
See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to triamterene.
You have had severe liver or kidney disease.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you have gout, diabetes, kidney stones.
If you will have surgery within 2 months, including dental
surgery, requiring general or spinal anesthesia.
Over age 60:
Warm weather or fever can decrease blood pressure. Dose may
require adjustment.
Extended use can increase blood clots.
Pregnancy:
No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible.
Breast-feeding:
Present in milk. Avoid.
Infants and children:
Used infrequently. Use only under medical supervision.
Prolonged use:
Potassium retention which may lead to heart-rhythm problems.
Skin and sunlight:
May cause rash or intensify sunburn in areas exposed to sun or
sunlamp.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel drowsy or confused. Otherwise, no problems
expected.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without consulting doctor. Dose may require
gradual reduction if you have taken drug for a long time.
Doses of other drugs may also require adjustment.
Others:
No problems expected.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic name or drug class Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
ACE inhibitors: Possible excessive potassium
captopril, enalapril, in blood.
lisinopril.
Amiloride Dangerous retention of
potassium.
Amiodarone Increased risk of heartbeat
irregularity due to low
potassium.
Antihypertensives, other Increased effect of other
antihypertensives.
Calcium supplements Increased calcium in blood.
Digitalis preparations Possible decreased digitalis
effect.
Indomethacin Possible acute renal failure.
Lithium Increased lithium effect.
Nitrates Excessive blood pressure drop.
Potassium supplements Possible excessive potassium
retention.
Spironolactone Dangerous retention of
potassium.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts with Combined effect
______________________________________________________________________
Alcohol: None expected.
Beverages: None expected.
Cocaine: Decreased triamterene effect.
Foods:
Salt. Don't restrict unless directed
by doctor.
Marijuana: Daily use--Fainting likely.
Tobacco: None expected.
��������������������������������������������
� �
� ------Cardiac and Circulatory------ �
� �
� A. Digitalis Preparations �
� B. Dipyridamole �
� C. Disopyramide �
� D. Inderal �
� E. Isoxsuprine �
� F. Nitrates �
� G. Procardia �
� H. Sansert �
� �
��������������������������������������������;
DIGITALIS PREPARATIONS
BRAND AND GENERIC NAMES (Generic name in capitals)
Crystodigin Gitaligen
Crystogin GITALIN
Digifortis Lanoxicaps
Digiglusin Lanoxin
DIGITALIS Natigozine
DIGITOXIN Novodigoxin
DIGOXIN Purodigin
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Digitalis preparations
USES
Strengthens weak heart-muscle contractions to prevent
congestive heart failure.
Corrects irregular heartbeat.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid. If you can't
swallow shole, crumble tablet or open capsule and take
with liquid or food.
Liquid--Dilute dose in beverage before swallowing.
When to take:
At the same time each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 12 hours late. If
more than 12 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't
double this dose).
What drug does:
Strengthens heart-muscle contraction.
Delays nerve impulses to heart.
Time lapse before drug works:
May require regular use for a week or more.
Don't take with:
Non-prescription drugs without consulting doctor.
See interaction column and consult doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What To Do
Life-threatening:
None expected
Common:
Appetite loss, diarrhea Continue. Call doctor
when convenient.
Infrequent:
Drowsiness, lethargy, Discontinue. Call doctor
disorientation. right away.
Rare:
Rash, hives Discontinue. Call doctor
right away.
Double or yellow- Continue. Call doctor
green vision; when convenient.
enlarged, sensitive
male breasts;
tiredness; weakness.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vision disturbances with
halos around lights, irregular heartbeat, confusion,
hallucinations, convulsions.
What to do:
Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to any digitalis preparation.
Your heartbeat is slower than 50 beats per minute.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you have taken another digitalis preparation in past
2 weeks.
If you have taken a diuretic within 2 weeks.
If you have liver or kidney disease.
If you have a thyroid disorder.
If you will have surgery within 2 months, including
dental surgery, requiring general of spinal anesthesia.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent
and severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
Studies inconclusive on harm to unborn child. Consult
your doctor.
Breast-feeding:
Drug filters into milk. May harm child. Avoid.
Infants and children:
Use only under medical supervision.
Prolonged use:
No problems expected.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Possible vision disturbances. Otherwise, no problems
expected.
Discontinuing:
Don't stop without doctor's advice.
Others:
No problems expected.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Class of Drugs Combined Effect
Albuterol Increased risk of
heartbeat irregularity.
Amiodarone Increased digitalis
effect.
Antacids Decreased digitalis
effect.
Anticonvilsants Increased digitalis
(hydantoin) effect at first, then
decreased.
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? U.S.: yes - Canada: No
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Coronary vasodilator
USES
Reduces frequency and intensity of angina attacks.
Prevents blood clots after heart surgery.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet or capsule - swallow with liquid. If you can't
swallow whole, crumble tablet or open capsule and take
with liquid.
When to take:
1 hour before meals.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If
more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't
double this dose).
What drug does:
Probably dilates blood vessels to increase oxygen to
heart.
Prevents platelet clumping, which causes blood clots.
Time lapse before drug works:
3 months of continual use.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
None expected.
Infrequent:
* Dizziness, fainting, Discontinue. Call doctor
headache. right away.
*Red flush, rash, Continue. Call doctor
nausea, vomiting, when convenient.
cramps, weakness.
What to do:
*Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance
or medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
*If patient is unconscious and not breathing, give
mouth-to-mouth breathing. If there is no heartbeat, use
cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth breathing (CPR).
Don't try to make patient vomit. If you can't get help
quickly, take patient to nearest emergency facility.
*See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to dipyridamole.
You are recovering from a heart attack.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you have low blood pressure.
If you have liver disease.
Over age 60:
Begin treatment with small doses.
Pregnancy:
No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible.
Breast-feeding:
No proven problems. Consult doctor.
Infants and children:
Not recommended.
Prolonged use:
No problems expected.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel dizzy. Otherwise, no problems
expected.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you
complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish
or disappear.
Others:
Drug increases your ability to be active without angina
pain. Avoid excessive physical exertion that might
injure heart.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect
Anticoagulants (oral) Increased anticoagulant
effect. Bleeding
tendency.
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Antiarrhythmic
USES
Corrects heart rhythm disorders.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid. If you can't
swallow whole, crumble tablet or open capsule and take
with liquid or food.
When to take:
At the same times each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If
more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't
double this dose).
What drug does:
Delays nerve impulses to heart to regulate heartbeat.
Time lapse before drug works:
Begins in 30 to 60 minutes. Must use for 5 to 7 days to
determine effectiveness.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
Hypoglycemia Discontinue. Call doctor
right away.
Dry mouth, constipation, Continue. Call doctor
painful or difficult when convenient.
urination, rapid
weight gain.
Infrequent:
Dizziness, fainting, Discontinue. Call doctor
confusion, nervousness, right away.
depression, chest pain,
slow or fast heartbeat.
Swollen feet. Continue. Call doctor
when convenient.
Rare:
Sore throat with Discontinue. Call doctor
fever, jaundice. right away.
Eye pain, diminished Continue. Call doctor
sex drive. when convenient.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Blood-pressure drop, irregular heartbeat.
What to do:
*Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance
or medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
*If patient is unconscious and not breathing, give
mouth-to-mouth breathing. If there is no heartbeat, use
cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth breathing (CPR).
Don't try to make patient vomit. If you can't get help
quickly, take patient to nearest emergency facility.
*See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to disopyramide or any antiarrhythmic.
You have second- or third-degree heart block.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you react unfavorably to other antiarrhythmic drugs.
If you have had heart disease.
If you have low blood pressure.
If you have liver disease.
If you have glaucoma.
If you have enlarged prostate.
If you have myasthenia gravis.
If you take digitalis preparations or diuretics.
Over age 60:
May require reduced dose.
More likely to have difficulty urinating or be
constipated.
More likely to have blood-pressure drop.
Pregnancy:
No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible.
Breast-feeding:
Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue
nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for
advice on maintaining milk supply.
Infants and children:
Safety not established. Don't use.
Prolonged use:
No problems expected.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how
medicine affects you. Don't work around dangerous
machinery. Don't climb ladders or work in high places.
Danger increases if you drink alcohol or take medicine
affecting alertness and reflexes, such as
antihistamines, tranquilizers, sedatives, pain
medicine, narcotics, or mind-altering drugs.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you
complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish
or disappear.
Others:
If new illness, injury or surgery occurs, tell doctors
of disopyramide use.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect
Ambenonium Decreased ambenonium
effect.
Tocainide Increased likelihood of
adverse reactions with
either drug.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts With Combined Effect
Alcohol Decreased blood pressure
and blood sugar. Use
caution.
Beverages None expected.
Cocaine Irregular heartbeat.
Foods None expected.
Marijuana Unpredictable. May
decrease disopyramide
effect.
Tobacco May decrease disopyramide
effect.
PROPRANOLOL
BRAND NAMES
Apo-Propranolol Inderide
Detensol Novopranol
Inderal Panolol
Inderal LA pms-Propranolol
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Beta-adrenergic blocker
USES
.Reduces angina attacks.
.Stabilizes irregular heartbeat.
.Lowers blood pressure.
.Reduces frequency of migraine headaches.
(Does not relieve headache pain.)
.Other uses prescribed by your doctor.
DOSAGE & USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet, liquid or extended-release capsule--Swallow with
liquid. If you can't swallow whole, crumble tablet or open
capsule and take with liquid or food. Don't crush capsule.
When to take:
With meals or immediately after.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember. Return to regular schedule, but
allow 3 hours between doses.
What drug does:
.Blocks certain actions of sympathetic nervous system.
.Lowers heart's oxygen requirements.
.Slows nerve impulses through heart.
.Reduces blood vessel contraction in heart, scalp and other
body parts.
Time lapse before drug works:
1 to 4 hours.
Don't take with:
Non-prescription drugs or drugs in interaction column without
consulting doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
___________________________________________________________________
Life-threatening:
Congestive heart failure. Discontinue. Seek emergency
treatment.
Common:
.Pulse slower than 50 Discontinue. Call doctor
beats per minute. right away.
.Drowsiness, fatigue, Continue. Call doctor
numbness or tingling when convenient.
of fingers or toes,
dizziness, diarrhea,
nausea, weakness.
.Cold hands or feet; Continue. Tell doctor
dry mouth, eyes and at next visit.
skin.
Infrequent:
.Hallucinations, Discontinue. Call doctor
nightmares, insomnia, right away.
headache, difficult
breathing, joint pain,
anxiety.
.Confusion, reduced Continue. Call doctor when
alertness, depression, convenient.
impotence.
.Constipation. Continue. Tell doctor at
next visit.
Rare:
.Rash, sore throat, Discontinue. Call doctor
fever. right away.
.Unusual bleeding and Continue. Call doctor when
bruising; dry, burning convenient.
eyes; impotence.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Weakness, slow or weak pulse, blood-pressure drop, fainting,
difficulty breathing, convulsions, cold and sweaty skin.
What to Do:
.Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
.See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
.You are allergic to any beta-adrenergic blocker.
.You have asthma.
.You have hay fever symptoms.
.You have taken MAO inhibitors in past 2 weeks.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
.If you have heart disease or poor circulation to the
extremities.
.If you have hay fever, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema.
.If you have overactive thyroid function.
.If you have impaired liver or kidney function.
.If you will have surgery within 2 months, including dental
surgery, requiring general or spinal anesthesia.
.If you have diabetes or hypoglycemia.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may b emore frequent and
severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use.
Breast-feeding:
Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing
until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on
maintaining milk supply.
Infants and children:
Not recommended.
Prolonged use:
Weakens heart muscle contractions.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how medicine
affects you. Don't work around dangerous machinery. Don't climb
ladders or work in high places. Danger increases if you drink
alcohol or take medicine affecting alertness and reflexes.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without consulting doctor. Dose may require
gradual reduction if you have taken drug for a long time.
Doses of other drugs may also require adjustment.
Others:
May mask hypoglycemia.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect
_______________________________________________________________________
ACE inhibitors: Increased antihypertensive
captopril, enalapril, effects of both drugs.
lisinopril Dosages may require adjustment.
Non-steroidal Decreased antihypertensive effect
anti-inflammatory of propranolol.
drugs (NSAIDS)
Phenytoin Decreased propranolol effect.
Quinidine Slows heart excessively.
Reserpine Increased reserpine effect.
Excessive sedation and depression.
Rifampin Decreased propranolol effect.
Timolol eyedrops Possible increased propranolol
effect.
Tocainide May worsen congestive heart
failure.
Verapamil Increased effect of both drugs.
_______________________________________________________________________
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts with Combined effect
_______________________________________________________________________
Alcohol Excessive blood-pressure drop.
Avoid.
Beverages None expected.
Cocaine Irregular heartbeat. Avoid.
Foods None expected.
Marijuana Daily use--impaired circulation
to hands and feet.
Tobacco Possible irregular heartbeat.
ISOXSUPRINE
BRAND NAMES
Vasodilan Vasoprine
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Vasodilator
USES
Improves poor blood circulation.
DOSAGE AN USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet--Swallow with liquid or food to lessen stomach
irritation. If you can't swallow whole, crumble tablet
and take with liquid or food.
When to take:
At the same times each day.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If
more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't
double this dose).
What drug does:
Expands blood vessels, increasing flow and permitting
distribution of oxygen and nutrients.
Time lapse before drug works:
1 hour.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What To Do
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
Appetite loss, nausea, Discontinue. Call doctor
vomiting. right away.
Dizziness, faintness. Continue. Call doctor
when convenient.
Weakness, lethargy. Continue. Tell doctor
at next visit.
Infrequent:
Rash. Discontinue. Call doctor
right away.
Rare:
Rapid or irregular Discontinue. Call doctor
heartbeat. right away.
What to do:
Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance
or medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
If patient is unconscious and not breathing, give
mouth-to-mouth breathing. If there is no heartbeat, use
cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth breathing (CPR).
Don't try to make patient vomit. If you can't get help
quickly, take patient to nearest emergency facility.
See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to any vasodilator.
You have any bleeding disease.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you have high blood pressure, hardening of the
arteries or heart disease.
If you plan to become pregnant within medication period.
If you have glaucoma.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent
and severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
Studies inconclusive on harm to unborn child. Decide
with your doctor whether drug benefits justify risk to
unborn child.
Breast-feeding:
No problems expected, but consult doctor.
Infants and children:
Not recommended.
Prolonged use:
No problems expected.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected,
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel dizzy or faint. Otherwise, no
problems expected.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you
complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish
or disappear.
Others:
Be cautious when arising from lying or sitting position,
when climbing stairs, or if dizziness occurs.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect
None
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts With Combined Effect
Alcohol None expected.
Beverages Decreased stomach
Milk irritation.
Cocaine Decreased blood
circulation to
extremities. Avoid.
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE
Pentestan
Pentol
Pentol S.A.
Pentraspan
Pentraspan SR
Pentritol
Pentylan
Peritrate
Peritrate SA
P.E.T.N.
Sorate
Sorbide
Sorbide T.D.
Sorbitrate
Sorbitrate SA
Susadrin
Tranderm-Nitro
Trates
Tridil
Vaso-80
Vasoglyn
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? Yes
Drug class: Antianginal (nitrate)
USES
Reduces frequency and severity of angina attacks.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
*Extended-release tablets or capsules
Swallow each dose whole with liquid.
*Chewable tablet
Chew tablet at earliest sign of angina, and hold in
mouth for 2 minutes.
*Regular tablet or capsule
Swallow whole with liquid. Don't crush, chew or
open.
*Ointment
Apply as directed.
*Sublingual tablets
Place under tongue every 3 to 5 minutes at earliest
sign of angina. If you don't have complete relief
with 3 or 4 tablets, call doctor.
When to take:
*Swallowed tablets
Take at the same times each day, 1 or 2 hours after
meals.
*Ointment
Follow prescription directions.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If
more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't
double this dose).
What drug does:
Relaxes blood vessels, increasing blood flow to heart
muscle.
Time lapse before drug works:
*Sublingual tablets
1 to 3 minutes.
*Other forms
15 to 30 minutes. Will not stop an attack, but may
prevent attacks.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Dizziness; blue fingernails and lips; fainting;
shortness of breath; weak, fast heartbeat; convulsions.
What to do:
*Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance
or medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
*See section on emergency information.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
Headache, flushed Continue. Tell doctor
face and neck, dry at next visit.
mouth, nausea, vomiting,
rapid heartbeat.
Infrequent:
Fainting Discontinue. Call doctor
right away.
Restlessness, Continue. Call doctor
Blurred vision. when convenient.
Rare:
Rash Discontinue. Call doctor
right away.
Severe irritation, Continue. Call doctor
peeling. when convenient.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
You are allergic to nitrates, including nitroglycerin.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
If you are taking non-prescription drugs.
If you plan to become pregnant within medication
period.
If you have glaucoma.
If you have reacted badly to any vasodilator drug.
If you drink alcoholic beverages or smoke marijuana.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent
and severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible.
Breast-feeding:
No problems expected. Consult your doctor.
Infants and children:
Not recommended.
Prolonged use:
Drug may become less effective and require higher
doses.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how
medicine affects you. Don't work around dangerous
machinery. Don't climb ladders or work in high places.
Danger increases if you drink alcohol or take medicine
affecting alertness and reflexes.
Discontinuing:
Except for sublingual tablets, don't discontinue
without doctor's advice until you complete prescribed
dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear.
Others:
If discomfort is not caused by angina, nitrate
medication will not bring relief. Call doctor id
discomfort persists.
Periodic urine and laboratory blood studies of white
cell counts recommended if you take nitrates.
Keep sublingual tablets in original container. Always
carry them with you, but keep from body heat if
possible.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect
Anticholinergics Increased internal-eye
pressure.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts With Combined Effect
Alcohol Excessive blood-pressure drop
Beverages None expected.
Cocaine Flushed face and headache.
Avoid.
Marijuana Decreased nitrate effect.
Tobacco Decreased nitrate effect.
NIFEDIPINE
BRAND NAMES
Adalat
Procardia
BASIC INFORMATION
Habit forming? No
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? No
Drug class: Calcium-channel blocker, antiarrhythmic, antianginal.
USES
.Prevents angina attacks.
.Treats Reynaud's disease.
.Treats high blood pressure.
.Treats spasm of the esophagus.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Capsule or extended-release tablet--Swallow with liquid.
When to take:
At the same times each day 1 hour before or 2 hours after
eating.
If you forget a dose:
Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than 2
hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this dose).
What drug does:
.Reduces work that heart must perform.
.Reduces normal artery pressure.
.Increases oxygen to heart muscle.
Time lapse before drug works:
1 to 2 hours.
Don't take with:
See Interaction column and consult doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What To Do
_______________________________________________________________________
Life-threatening:
None expected.
Common:
Tiredness, flushing, Continue. Tell doctor
swelling of feet, at next visit.
ankles and abdomen.
Infrequent:
.Unusually fast or Discontinue. Call
unusually slow doctor right away.
heartbeat, wheezing,
cough, shortness of
breath.
.Dizziness; numbness Continue. Call doctor
or tingling in hands when convenient.
or feet; swelling of
ankles, feet, legs;
difficult urination.
.Nausea Continue. Tell doctor
constipation. at next visit.
Rare:
.Transient blindness, Discontinue. Seek
increased angina. emergency treatment.
.Fainting, chest pain, Discontinue. Call
fever, rash, jaundice, doctor right away.
depression, psychosis.
.Arthritis, hair loss. Continue. Call doctor
vivid dreams. when convenient.
.Headache. Continue. Tell doctor
at next visit.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Unusually fast or unusually slow heartbeat, loss of
consciousness, cardiac arrest.
What to do:
.Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or
medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
.If patient is unconscious and not breathing, give
mouth-to-mouth breathing. If there is no heartbeat, use
cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth breathing (CPR). Don't try
to make patient vomit. If you can't get help quickly, take
patient to nearest emergency facility.
.See emergency information.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
.You are allergic to nifedipine.
.You have very low blood pressure.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
.If you have kidney or liver disease.
.If you have high blood pressure.
.If you have heart disease other than coronary-artery disease.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and
severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible.
Breast-feeding:
Safety not established. Avoid if possible.
Infants and children:
Not recommended.
Prolonged use:
No problems expected.
Skin and sunlight:
Increased sensitivity to sunlight.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel dizzy. Otherwise, no problems expected.
Discontinuing:
Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you complete
prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear.
Others:
.Learn to check your own pulse rate. If it drops to 50 beats
per minute or lower, don't take nifedipine until you consult
your doctor.
.Drug may lower blood-sugar level if daily dose is more than 60
mg.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined effect
_______________________________________________________________________
ACE inhibitors: Possible excessive
captopril, enalapril, potassium in blood.
lisinopril Dosages may need adjustment.
Antiarrhythmics Possible increased effect and
toxicity of each drug.
Anticoagulants Possible increased
(oral) anticoagulant effect.
Habit forming? Yes
Prescription needed? Yes
Available as generic? No
Drug class: Vasoconstrictor (antiserotonin)
USES
Prevents migraine and other recurring vascular headaches. Not for
acute attack.
DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION
How to take:
Tablet--Swallow with liquid or with food to lessen stomach
irritation. If you can't swallow whole, crumble tablet and take
with liquid or food.
When to take:
At the same times each day.
If you forget a dose:
Don't take missed dose. Wait for next scheduled dose (DON'T
double this dose).
What drug does:
Blocks the action of serotonin, a chemical that constricts
blood vessels.
Time lapse before drug works:
About 3 weeks.
Don't take with:
See interaction column and consult doctor.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS
Symptoms What to do
_________________________________________________________________________
Life-threatening:
None expected
Common:
.Itchy skin. Discontinue. Call doctor right away.
.Nausea, vomiting, Continue. Call doctor when
diarrhea, numbness convenient.
or tingling of
extremities.
.Drowsiness, Continue. Tell doctor at next visit.
constipation.
Infrequent:
.Anxiety, agitation, Discontinue. Call doctor right away.
hallucinations,
unusually fast or
slow heartbeat.
.Change in vision. Continue. Call doctor when convenient.
Rare:
.Extreme thirst, chest Discontinue. Call doctor right away.
pain, shortness of
breath, fever, pale
or swollen extremities,
leg cramps, lower back
pain, side or groin pain.
appetite loss, joint
and muscle pain, rash,
facial flush.
.Painful or difficult Continue. Call doctor when convenient.
urination.
.Weight change, Continue. Tell doctor at next visit.
hair loss, swollen
feet and ankles.
_____________________________________________________________________________
OVERDOSE
Symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, lack of
coordination, extreme thirst.
What to do:
Overdose unlikely to threaten life. If person takes much larger
amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison-control center or
hospital emergency room for instructions.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Don't take if:
.You are allergic to any antiserotonin.
.You plan to become pregnant within medication period.
.You have an infection.
.You have a heart or blood-vessel disease.
.You have a chronic lung disease.
.You have a collagen (connective tissue) disorder.
.You have impaired liver or kidney function.
Before you start, consult your doctor:
.If you have been allergic to any ergot preparation.
.If you have had a peptic ulcer.
Over age 60:
Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and
severe than in younger persons.
Pregnancy:
Manufacturer suggests risk to unborn child outweighs drug
benefits, even though studies are inconclusive.
Breast-feeding:
Drug probably passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue
nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for
advice on maintaining milk supply.
Infants and children:
Not recommended.
Prolonged use:
Possible fibrosis, a condition in which scar tissue is
deposited on heart valves, in lung tissue, blood vessels
and internal organs. After 6 months, decrease dose over 2
to 3 weeks. Then discontinue for at least 2 months for re-
evaluation.
Skin and sunlight:
No problems expected.
Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel drowsy or dizzy. Otherwise, no problems
expected.
Discontinuing:
.Don't discontinue without consulting doctor. Dose may
require gradual reduction if you have taken drug for a
long time. doses of other drugs may also require adjustment.
.Probably should discontinue drug if you don't improve after
3 weeks' use.
Others:
.Periodic laboratory tests for liver function and blood
counts recommended.
.Potential for abuse.
.Some products contain tartrazine dye. Avoid, especially
if you are allergic to aspirin.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect
_________________________________________________________________________
Ergot Preparations Unpredictable increased or
decreased effect of either
drug.
Narcotics Decreased narcotic effect.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Interacts with Combined effect
_________________________________________________________________________
Alcohol: None expected. However, alcohol
may trigger a migraine headache.
