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\"      from: @(#)pwd_mkdb.8    8.2 (Berkeley) 4/27/95
\"
Dd August 18, 2010
Dt PWD_MKDB 8
Os
Sh NAME
Nm pwd_mkdb
Nd generate the password databases
Sh SYNOPSIS
Nm
Op Fl BLlpsvw
Op Fl c Ar cachesize
Op Fl d Ar directory
Op Fl u Ar username
Op Fl V Ar version
Ar file
Sh DESCRIPTION
Nm
creates
Xr db 3
style secure and insecure databases for the specified file.
These databases are then installed into
Dq Pa /etc/spwd.db
and
Dq Pa /etc/pwd.db
respectively.
The file is installed into
Dq Pa /etc/master.passwd .
The file must be in the correct format (see
Xr passwd 5 ) .
It is important to note that the format used in this system is
different from the historic Version 7 style format.
Pp
The options are as follows:
Bl -tag -width flag
It Fl B
Store data in big-endian format (see also
Fl L ) .
It Fl c Ar cachesize
Specify the size of the memory cache in megabytes used by the
hashing library.
On systems with a large user base, a small cache size can lead to
prohibitively long database file rebuild times.
As a rough guide, the memory usage of
Nm
in megabytes will be a little bit more than twice the figure
specified here.
If unspecified, this value will be calculated based on the size of
the input file up to a maximum of 8 megabytes.
It Fl d Ar directory
Change the root directory of the generated files from
Dq Pa /
to
Ar directory .
It Fl L
Store data in little-endian format (see also
Fl B ) .
It Fl l
Use
Xr syslog 3
to report errors.
It Fl p
Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
Dq Pa /etc/passwd .
It Fl s
Update the secure database only.
This is useful when only encrypted passwords have changed.
This option negates the effect of any
Fl p
option.
It Fl u Ar name
Don't re-build the database files, but instead modify or add entries
for the specified user only.
This option may only be used when the line number and user name in
the password file have not changed, or when adding a new user from
the last line in the password file.
It Fl V Ar version
Upgrade or downgrade databases to the numbered version.
Version
Dv 0
is the old format (up to and including
Nx 5.0 )
with the 4 byte time fields and version
Dv 1
is the new format with the 8 byte time fields (greater than
Nx 5.0 ) .
Nx 5.0
cannot read version
Dv 1
databases.
All versions above
Nx 5.0
can read and write both version
Dv 0
and version
Dv 1
databases.
By default the databases stay in the version they were before the command
was run.
It Fl v
Mention when a version change occurs.
It Fl w
Print a warning if the system is using old style databases.
El
Pp
The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's
encrypted password and the insecure version has an asterisk
Pq Dq * .
Pp
The databases are used by the C library password routines (see
Xr getpwent 3 ) .
Sh FILES
Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
It Pa /etc/master.passwd
The current password file.
It Pa /etc/passwd
A Version 7 format password file.
It Pa /etc/pwd.db
The insecure password database file.
It Pa /etc/pwd.db.tmp
A temporary file.
It Pa /etc/spwd.db
The secure password database file.
It Pa /etc/spwd.db.tmp
A temporary file.
El
Sh EXIT STATUS
Nm
exits zero on success, non-zero on failure.
Sh COMPATIBILITY
Previous versions of the system had a program similar to
Nm
which built
Em dbm
style databases for the password file but depended on the calling programs
to install them.
The program was renamed in order that previous users of the program
not be surprised by the changes in functionality.
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr chpass 1 ,
Xr passwd 1 ,
Xr pwhash 1 ,
Xr db 3 ,
Xr getpwent 3 ,
Xr pw_mkdb 3 ,
Xr syslog 3 ,
Xr passwd 5 ,
Xr useradd 8 ,
Xr userdel 8 ,
Xr usermod 8 ,
Xr vipw 8
Sh BUGS
Because of the necessity for atomic update of the password files,
Nm
uses
Xr rename 2
to install them.
This, however, requires that the file specified on the command line live
on the same file system as the
Dq Pa /etc
directory.
Pp
There are the obvious races with multiple people running
Nm
on different password files at the same time.
The front-ends to
Xr chpass 1 ,
Xr passwd 1 ,
Xr useradd 8 ,
Xr userdel 8 ,
Xr usermod 8 ,
and
Xr vipw 8
handle the locking necessary to avoid this problem.
Pp
The database files are copied when the
Fl u
option is used.
Real locking would make this unnecessary.
Pp
Although the DB format is endian-transparent, the data stored in
the DB is not.
Also, the format doesn't lend itself to insertion or removal of
records from arbitrary locations in the password file.
This is difficult to fix without breaking compatibility.
Pp
Using the
Fl u
option on a system where multiple users share the same UID can have
unexpected results.

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