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\"     @(#)install.1    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
\"
Dd May 9, 2024
Dt INSTALL 1
Os
Sh NAME
Nm install
Nd install binaries
Sh SYNOPSIS
Nm
Op Fl bcprsUv
Op Fl a Ar command
Op Fl B Ar suffix
Op Fl D Ar destdir
Op Fl f Ar flags
Op Fl g Ar group
Op Fl h Ar hash
Op Fl l Ar linkflags
Op Fl M Ar metalog
Op Fl m Ar mode
Op Fl N Ar dbdir
Op Fl o Ar owner
Op Fl S Ar stripflag
Op Fl T Ar tags
Ar file1 file2
Nm
Op Fl bcprsU
Op Fl a Ar command
Op Fl B Ar suffix
Op Fl D Ar destdir
Op Fl f Ar flags
Op Fl g Ar group
Op Fl h Ar hash
Op Fl l Ar linkflags
Op Fl M Ar metalog
Op Fl m Ar mode
Op Fl N Ar dbdir
Op Fl o Ar owner
Op Fl S Ar stripflag
Op Fl T Ar tags
Ar file1 ...\&
Ar fileN directory
Nm
Fl d
Op Fl pU
Op Fl a Ar command
Op Fl D Ar destdir
Op Fl g Ar group
Op Fl M Ar metalog
Op Fl m Ar mode
Op Fl N Ar dbdir
Op Fl o Ar owner
Op Fl T Ar tags
Ar directory ...\&
Sh DESCRIPTION
The file(s) are copied
(or linked if the
Fl l
option is specified) to the target file or directory.
If the destination is a directory, then the
Ar file
is copied into
Ar directory
with its original filename.
If the target file already exists, it is
either renamed to
Ar file.old
if the
Fl b
option is given
or overwritten
if permissions allow; an alternate backup suffix may be specified via the
Fl B
option's argument.
Pp
Bl -tag -width XsXXstripflagsXX
It Fl a Ar command
Run
Ar command
on the target after installation and stripping
Pq Fl s ,
but before
ownership, permissions or timestamps are set and before renaming
Pq Fl r
occurs.
Ar command
is invoked via the
Xr sh 1
shell, allowing a single
Fl a
argument be to specified to
Nm
which the shell can then tokenize.
It Fl B Ar suffix
Use
Ar suffix
as the backup suffix if
Fl b
is given.
If
Ar suffix
contains a '%' sign, a numbered backup will be performed, and the
%-pattern will be expanded using
Xr sprintf 3 ,
given an integer counter as the backup number.
The counter used starts from 0, and the first available name resulting
from the expansion is used.
It Fl b
Backup any existing files before overwriting them by renaming
them to
Ar file.old . See
Fl B
for specifying a different backup suffix.
It Fl c
Copy the file.
This is the default behavior; the flag is maintained for backwards
compatibility only.
It Fl D Ar destdir
Specify the
Ev DESTDIR
(top of the file hierarchy) that the items are installed in to.
If
Fl M Ar metalog
is in use, a leading string of
Dq Ar destdir
will be removed from the file names logged to the
Ar metalog .
This option does not affect where the actual files are installed.
It Fl d
Create directories.
Missing parent directories are created as required.
It Fl f Ar flags
Specify the target's file flags.
(See
Xr chflags 1
for a list of possible flags and their meanings.)
It Fl g Ar group
Specify a group.
It Fl h Ar hash
When copying, calculate the digest of the files with
Ar hash
to store in the
Fl M Ar metalog .
Supported digests:
Bl -tag -width rmd160 -offset indent
It Sy none
No hash.
This is the default.
It Sy md5
The MD5 cryptographic message digest.
It Sy rmd160
The RMD-160 cryptographic message digest.
It Sy sha1
The SHA-1 cryptographic message digest.
It Sy sha256
The 256-bits
Tn SHA-2
cryptographic message digest of the file.
It Sy sha384
The 384-bits
Tn SHA-2
cryptographic message digest of the file.
It Sy sha512
The 512-bits
Tn SHA-2
cryptographic message digest of the file.
El
It Fl l Ar linkflags
Instead of copying the file make a link to the source.
The type of the link is determined by the
Ar linkflags
argument.
Valid
Ar linkflags
are:
Ar a
(absolute),
Ar r
(relative),
Ar h
(hard),
Ar s
(symbolic),
Ar m
(mixed).
Absolute and relative have effect only for symbolic links.
Mixed links
are hard links for files on the same filesystem, symbolic otherwise.
It Fl M Ar metalog
Write the metadata associated with each item installed to
Ar metalog
in an
Xr mtree 8
Dq full path
specification line.
The metadata includes: the file name and file type, and depending upon
other options, the owner, group, file flags, modification time, and tags.
It Fl m Ar mode
Specify an alternative mode.
The default mode is set to rwxr-xr-x (0755).
The specified mode may be either an octal or symbolic value; see
Xr chmod 1
for a description of possible mode values.
It Fl N Ar dbdir
Use the user database text file
Pa master.passwd
and group database text file
Pa group
from
Ar dbdir ,
rather than using the results from the system's
Xr getpwnam 3
and
Xr getgrnam 3
(and related) library calls.
It Fl o Ar owner
Specify an owner.
It Fl p
Preserve the source files access and modification times.
It Fl r
Install to a temporary file and then rename the file to its final destination
name.
This can be used for precious files, to avoid truncation of the original
when error conditions (filesystem full etc.) occur.
It Fl S Ar stripflags
Nm
passes
Ar stripflags
as option arguments to
Xr strip 1 .
When
Fl S
is used,
Xr strip 1
is invoked via the
Xr sh 1
shell, allowing a single
Fl S
argument be to specified to
Nm
which the shell can then tokenize.
Normally,
Nm
invokes
Xr strip 1
directly.
This flag implies
Fl s .
It Fl s
Nm
exec's the command
Xr strip 1
to strip binaries so that install can be portable over a large
number of systems and binary types.
If the environment variable
Ev STRIP
is set, it is used as the
Xr strip 1
program.
It Fl T Ar tags
Specify the
Xr mtree 8
tags to write out for the file when using
Fl M Ar metalog .
It Fl U
Indicate that install is running unprivileged, and that it should not
try to change the owner, the group, or the file flags of the destination.
The information that would have been updated can be stored in a log
file with
Fl M Ar metalog .
It Fl v
Cause
Nm
to be verbose,
showing files as they are installed or backed up.
El
Pp
By default,
Nm
preserves all file flags, with the exception of the ``nodump'' flag.
Pp
The
Nm
utility attempts to prevent copying a file onto itself.
Pp
Installing
Pa /dev/null
creates an empty file.
Sh ENVIRONMENT
Bl -tag -width Fl
It Ev STRIP
The program used to strip installed binaries when the
Fl s
option is used.
If unspecified,
Pa /usr/bin/strip
is used.
El
Sh EXIT STATUS
Ex -std
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr chflags 1 ,
Xr chgrp 1 ,
Xr chmod 1 ,
Xr cp 1 ,
Xr mv 1 ,
Xr strip 1 ,
Xr chown 8 ,
Xr mtree 8
Sh HISTORY
The
Nm
utility appeared in
Bx 4.2 .

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