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\"      @(#)tset.1      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
\"
Dd April 5, 2012
Dt TSET 1
Os
Sh NAME
Nm tset ,
Nm reset
Nd terminal initialization
Sh SYNOPSIS
Nm
Op Fl IQrs
Op Fl
Op Fl e Ar ch
Op Fl i Ar ch
Op Fl k Ar ch
Op Fl m Ar mapping
Op Ar terminal
Pp
Nm reset
Op Fl IQrs
Op Fl
Op Fl e Ar ch
Op Fl i Ar ch
Op Fl k Ar ch
Op Fl m Ar mapping
Op Ar terminal
Sh DESCRIPTION
Nm
initializes terminals.
Nm
first determines the type of terminal that you are using.
This determination is done as follows, using the first terminal type found.
Pp
Bl -bullet -compact -offset indent
It
The
Ar terminal
argument specified on the command line.
It
The value of the
Ev TERM
environmental variable.
It
The terminal type associated with the standard error output device in the
Pa /etc/ttys
file.
It
The default terminal type,
Dq unknown .
El
Pp
If the terminal type was not specified on the command-line, the
Fl m
option mappings are then applied (see below for more information).
Then, if the terminal type begins with a question mark (``?''), the user is
prompted for confirmation of the terminal type.
An empty response confirms the type, or, another type can be entered to
specify a new type.
Once the terminal type has been determined, the terminfo entry for the terminal
is retrieved.
If no terminfo entry is found for the type, the user is prompted for another
terminal type.
Pp
Once the terminfo entry is retrieved, the window size, backspace, interrupt
and line kill characters (among many other things) are set and the terminal
and tab initialization strings are sent to the standard error output.
Finally, if the erase, interrupt and line kill characters have changed,
or are not set to their default values, their values are displayed to the
standard error output.
Pp
When invoked as
Nm reset ,
Nm
sets cooked and echo modes, turns off cbreak and raw modes, turns on
newline translation and resets any unset special characters to their
default values before doing the terminal initialization described above.
This is useful after a program dies leaving a terminal in a abnormal state.
Note, you may have to type
Dq Li <LF>reset<LF>
(the line-feed character is normally control-J) to get the terminal
to work, as carriage-return may no longer work in the abnormal state.
Also, the terminal will often not echo the command.
Pp
The options are as follows:
Bl -tag -width flag
It Fl
The terminal type is displayed to the standard output, and the terminal is
not initialized in any way.
It Fl e
Set the erase character to
Ar ch .
It Fl I
Do not send the terminal or tab initialization strings to the terminal.
It Fl i
Set the interrupt character to
Ar ch .
It Fl k
Set the line kill character to
Ar ch .
It Fl m
Specify a mapping from a port type to a terminal.
See below for more information.
It Fl Q
Don't display any values for the erase, interrupt and line kill characters.
It Fl r
Print the terminal type to the standard error output.
It Fl s
Print the sequence of shell commands to initialize the environment variable
Ev TERM
to the standard output.
See the section below on setting the environment for details.
El
Pp
The arguments for the
Fl e ,
Fl i
and
Fl k
options may either be entered as actual characters or by using the
Dq hat
notation, i.e. control-h may be specified as
Dq Li ^H
or
Dq Li ^h .
Sh SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT
It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and information about
the terminal's capabilities into the shell's environment.
This is done using the
Fl s
option.
Pp
When the
Fl s
option is specified, the commands to enter the information into the
shell's environment are written to the standard output.
If the
Ev SHELL
environmental variable ends in
Dq csh ,
the commands are for the
Xr csh 1 ,
otherwise, they are for
Xr sh 1 .
Note, the
Xr csh 1
commands
Ic set
and
Ic unset
the shell variable
Dq noglob ,
leaving it unset.
The following line in the
Pa .login
or
Pa .profile
files will initialize the environment correctly:
Bd -literal -offset indent
eval \`tset -s options ... \`
Ed
Pp
To demonstrate a simple use of the
Fl S
option, the following lines in the
Pa .login
file have an equivalent effect:
Bd -literal -offset indent
set noglob
set term=(`tset -S options ...`)
setenv TERM $term[1]
unset term
unset noglob
Ed
Sh TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING
When the terminal is not hardwired into the system (or the current system
information is incorrect) the terminal type derived from the
Pa /etc/ttys
file or the
Ev TERM
environmental variable is often something generic like
Dq network ,
Dq dialup ,
or
Dq unknown .
When
Nm
is used in a startup script
Pf ( Pa .profile
for
Xr sh 1
users or
Pa .login
for
Xr csh 1
users) it is often desirable to provide information about the type of
terminal used on such ports.
The purpose of the
Fl m
option is to
Dq map
from some set of conditions to a terminal type, that is, to
tell
Nm
``If I'm on this port at a particular speed, guess that I'm on that
kind of terminal''.
Pp
The argument to the
Fl m
option consists of an optional port type, an optional operator, an optional
baud rate specification, an optional colon (``:'') character and a terminal
type.
The port type is a string (delimited by either the operator or the colon
character).
The operator may be any combination of:
Dq Li \&> ,
Dq Li \&< ,
Dq Li \&@ ,
and
Dq Li \&! ;
Dq Li \&>
means greater than,
Dq Li \&<
means less than,
Dq Li \&@
means equal to
and
Dq Li \&!
inverts the sense of the test.
The baud rate is specified as a number and is compared with the speed
of the standard error output (which should be the control terminal).
The terminal type is a string.
Pp
If the terminal type is not specified on the command line, the
Fl m
mappings are applied to the terminal type.
If the port type and baud rate match the mapping, the terminal type specified
in the mapping replaces the current type.
If more than one mapping is specified, the first applicable mapping is used.
Pp
For example, consider the following mapping:
Dq Li dialup>9600:vt100 .
The port type is
Dq Li dialup ,
the operator is
Dq Li > ,
the baud rate specification is
Dq Li 9600 ,
and the terminal type is
Dq Li vt100 .
The result of this mapping is to specify that if the terminal type is
Dq Li dialup ,
and the baud rate is greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of
Dq Li vt100
will be used.
Pp
If no port type is specified, the terminal type will match any port type,
for example,
Dq Li -m dialup:vt100 -m :?xterm
will cause any dialup port, regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal
type
Dq Li vt100 ,
and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type
Dq Li ?xterm .
Note, because of the leading question mark, the user will be
queried on a default port as to whether they are actually using an
Ar xterm
terminal.
Pp
No whitespace characters are permitted in the
Fl m
option argument.
Also, to avoid problems with metacharacters, it is suggested that the entire
Fl m
option argument be placed within single quote characters, and that
Xr csh 1
users insert a backslash character (``\e'') before any exclamation
marks (``!'').
Sh ENVIRONMENT
The
Nm
command uses the
Ev SHELL
and
Ev TERM
environment variables.
Sh FILES
Bl -tag -width /usr/share/misc/terminfo -compact
It Pa /etc/ttys
system port name to terminal type mapping database
It Pa /usr/share/misc/terminfo
terminal capability database
El
Sh COMPATIBILITY
The
Fl A ,
Fl E ,
Fl h ,
Fl u
and
Fl v
options have been deleted from the
Nm
utility.
None of them were documented in
Bx 4.3
and all are of limited utility at
best.
The
Fl a ,
Fl d
and
Fl p
options are similarly not documented or useful, but were retained as they
appear to be in widespread use.
It is strongly recommended that any usage of these three options be
changed to use the
Fl m
option instead.
The
Fl n
option remains, but has no effect.
It is still permissible to specify the
Fl e ,
Fl i
and
Fl k
options without arguments, although it is strongly recommended that such
usage be fixed to explicitly specify the character.
Pp
Executing
Nm
as
Nm reset
no longer implies the
Fl Q
option.
Also, the interaction between the
Fl
option and the
Ar terminal
argument in some historic implementations of
Nm
has been removed.
Pp
The
Fl E
and
Fl S
options have been removed as they only make sense for termcap and
Nm
now uses terminfo.
As such, the
Ev TERMCAP
entry has been removed from
Fl s .
Pp
Finally, the
Nm
implementation has been completely redone (as part of the addition to the
system of a
St -p1003.1-88
compliant terminal interface) and will no longer compile on systems with
older terminal interfaces.
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr csh 1 ,
Xr sh 1 ,
Xr stty 1 ,
Xr tty 4 ,
Xr terminfo 5 ,
Xr ttys 5 ,
Xr environ 7
Sh HISTORY
The
Nm reset
and
Nm tset
commands appeared in
Bx 1 .

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