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\"     @(#)chpass.1     8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
\"
Dd April 5, 2012
Dt CHPASS 1
Os
Sh NAME
Nm chpass ,
Nm chfn ,
Nm chsh
Nd add or change user database information
Sh SYNOPSIS
Nm
Op Fl a Ar list
Op Fl s Ar newshell
Op Fl l
Op user
Nm chpass
Op Fl a Ar list
Op Fl s Ar newshell
Op Fl y
Op user
Sh DESCRIPTION
Nm
allows editing of the user database information associated
with
Ar user
or, by default, the current user.
The information is formatted and supplied to an editor for changes.
Pp
Only the information that the user is allowed to change is displayed.
Pp
The options are as follows:
Bl -tag -width Ds
It Fl a
The super-user is allowed to directly supply a user database
entry, in the format specified by
Xr passwd 5 ,
as an argument.
This argument must be a colon
Pq Dq \&:
separated list of all the
user database fields, although they may be empty.
It Fl s
The
Fl s
option attempts to change the user's shell to
Ar newshell .
It Fl l
This option causes the password to be updated only in the local
password file.
When changing only the local password,
Xr pwd_mkdb 8
is used to update the password databases.
It Fl y
This forces the YP password database entry to be changed, even if
the user has an entry in the local database.
The
Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8
daemon should be running on the YP master server.
El
Pp
Possible display items are as follows:
Pp
Bl -tag -width "Home Directory:" -compact -offset indent
It Login :
user's login name
It Password :
user's encrypted password
It Uid :
user's login
It Gid :
user's login group
It Change :
password change time
It Expire :
account expiration time
It Class :
user's general classification
It Home Directory :
user's home directory
It Shell :
user's login shell
It Full Name :
user's real name
It Location :
user's normal location
It Home Phone :
user's home phone
It Office Phone :
user's office phone
El
Pp
The
Ar login
field is the user name used to access the computer account.
Pp
The
Ar password
field contains the encrypted form of the user's password.
Pp
The
Ar uid
field is the number associated with the
Ar login
field.
Both of these fields should be unique across the system (and often
across a group of systems) as they control file access.
Pp
While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names
and/or identical user id's, it is usually a mistake to do so.
Routines
that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple
entries, and that one by random selection.
Pp
The
Ar group
field is the group that the user will be placed in at login.
Since
Bx
supports multiple groups (see
Xr groups 1 )
this field currently has little special meaning.
This field may be filled in with either a number or a group name (see
Xr group 5 ) .
Pp
The
Ar change
field is the date by which the password must be changed.
Pp
The
Ar expire
field is the date on which the account expires.
Pp
Both the
Ar change
and
Ar expire
fields should be entered in the form
Dq month day year
where
Ar month
is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient),
Ar day
is the day of the month, and
Ar year
is the year.
Pp
The
Ar class
field is a key for a user's login class.
Login classes are defined in
Xr login.conf 5 ,
which is a
Xr capfile 5
style database of user attributes, accounting, resource and
environment settings.
Pp
The user's
Ar home directory
is the full
Ux
path name where the user will be placed at login.
Pp
The
Ar shell
field is the command interpreter the user prefers.
If the
Ar shell
field is empty, the Bourne shell,
Pa /bin/sh ,
is assumed.
When altering a login shell, and not the super-user, the user
may not change from a non-standard shell or to a non-standard
shell.
Non-standard is defined as a shell not found in
Pa /etc/shells .
Pp
The last four fields are for storing the user's
Ar full name , office location ,
and
Ar home
and
Ar work telephone
numbers.
Pp
Once the information has been verified,
Nm
uses
Xr pwd_mkdb 8
to update the user database.
Sh ENVIRONMENT
The
Xr vi 1
editor will be used unless the environment variable
Ev EDITOR
is set to an alternative editor.
When the editor terminates, the information is re-read and used to
update the user database itself.
Only the user, or the super-user, may edit the information associated
with the user.
Sh FILES
Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
It Pa /etc/master.passwd
The user database
It Pa /etc/passwd
A Version 7 format password file
It Pa /etc/ptmp
Lock file for the passwd database
It Pa /tmp/pw.XXXXXX
Temporary copy of the user passwd information
It Pa /etc/shells
The list of approved shells
El
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr finger 1 ,
Xr login 1 ,
Xr passwd 1 ,
Xr pwhash 1 ,
Xr getusershell 3 ,
Xr passwd 5 ,
Xr passwd.conf 5 ,
Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
Xr vipw 8
Rs
%A Robert Morris
%A Ken Thompson
%T "UNIX Password Security"
Re
Sh HISTORY
The
Nm
command appeared in
Bx 4.3 Reno .
Sh BUGS
This program's interface is poorly suited to cryptographic systems such as
Kerberos, and consequently Kerberos password changing is not a feature of
this program.
Pp
User information should (and eventually will) be stored elsewhere.

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