/* $NetBSD: trap.c,v 1.102 2023/10/05 19:41:05 ad Exp $ */
/*
* Copyright 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Written by Eduardo Horvath and Simon Burge for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
* Wasabi Systems, Inc.
* 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
* or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
* written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
* Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Wolfgang Solfrank.
* Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 TooLs GmbH.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
* 4. The name of TooLs GmbH may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY TOOLS GMBH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL TOOLS GMBH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
* OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
* OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
* ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#define __UFETCHSTORE_PRIVATE
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: trap.c,v 1.102 2023/10/05 19:41:05 ad Exp $");
#ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
#include "opt_ddb.h"
#include "opt_kgdb.h"
#include "opt_ppcarch.h"
#include "opt_ppcopts.h"
#endif
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/cpu.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/reboot.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#if defined(KGDB)
#include <sys/kgdb.h>
#endif
#include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>
#include <dev/cons.h>
#include <machine/fpu.h>
#include <machine/frame.h>
#include <machine/pcb.h>
#include <machine/psl.h>
#include <machine/trap.h>
#include <powerpc/db_machdep.h>
#include <powerpc/spr.h>
#include <powerpc/userret.h>
#include <powerpc/ibm4xx/cpu.h>
#include <powerpc/ibm4xx/pmap.h>
#include <powerpc/ibm4xx/spr.h>
#include <powerpc/ibm4xx/tlb.h>
#include <powerpc/fpu/fpu_extern.h>
/* These definitions should probably be somewhere else XXX */
#define FIRSTARG 3 /* first argument is in reg 3 */
#define NARGREG 8 /* 8 args are in registers */
#define MOREARGS(sp) ((void *)((int)(sp) + 8)) /* more args go here */
void trap(struct trapframe *); /* Called from locore / trap_subr */
#if 0
/* Not currently used nor exposed externally in any header file */
int badaddr(void *, size_t);
int badaddr_read(void *, size_t, int *);
#endif
int ctx_setup(int, int);
#ifndef PPC_NO_UNALIGNED
static bool fix_unaligned(struct trapframe *, ksiginfo_t *);
#endif
#ifdef DEBUG
#define TDB_ALL 0x1
int trapdebug = /* TDB_ALL */ 0;
#define DBPRINTF(x, y) if (trapdebug & (x)) printf y
#else
#define DBPRINTF(x, y)
#endif
void
trap(struct trapframe *tf)
{
struct lwp *l = curlwp;
struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
struct pcb *pcb;
int type = tf->tf_exc;
int ftype, rv;
ksiginfo_t ksi;
KASSERT(l->l_stat == LSONPROC);
if (tf->tf_srr1 & PSL_PR) {
type |= EXC_USER;
}
ftype = VM_PROT_READ;
DBPRINTF(TDB_ALL, ("trap(%x) at %lx from frame %p &frame %p\n",
type, tf->tf_srr0, tf, &tf));
switch (type) {
case EXC_DEBUG|EXC_USER:
/* We don't use hardware breakpoints for userland. */
goto brain_damage;
case EXC_TRC|EXC_USER:
KSI_INIT_TRAP(&ksi);
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGTRAP;
ksi.ksi_trap = EXC_TRC;
ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)tf->tf_srr0;
trapsignal(l, &ksi);
break;
case EXC_DSI:
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case EXC_DTMISS:
{
struct vm_map *map;
vaddr_t va;
struct faultbuf *fb;
pcb = lwp_getpcb(l);
fb = pcb->pcb_onfault;
if (curcpu()->ci_idepth >= 0) {
rv = EFAULT;
goto out;
}
va = tf->tf_dear;
if (tf->tf_pid == KERNEL_PID) {
map = kernel_map;
} else {
map = &p->p_vmspace->vm_map;
}
if (tf->tf_esr & (ESR_DST|ESR_DIZ))
ftype = VM_PROT_WRITE;
DBPRINTF(TDB_ALL,
("trap(EXC_DSI) at %lx %s fault on %p esr %x\n",
tf->tf_srr0,
(ftype & VM_PROT_WRITE) ? "write" : "read",
(void *)va, tf->tf_esr));
pcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
rv = uvm_fault(map, trunc_page(va), ftype);
pcb->pcb_onfault = fb;
if (rv == 0)
return;
out:
if (fb != NULL) {
tf->tf_pid = KERNEL_PID;
tf->tf_srr0 = fb->fb_pc;
tf->tf_srr1 |= PSL_IR; /* Re-enable IMMU */
tf->tf_cr = fb->fb_cr;
tf->tf_fixreg[1] = fb->fb_sp;
tf->tf_fixreg[2] = fb->fb_r2;
tf->tf_fixreg[3] = rv;
memcpy(&tf->tf_fixreg[13], fb->fb_fixreg,
sizeof(fb->fb_fixreg));
return;
}
}
goto brain_damage;
case EXC_DSI|EXC_USER:
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case EXC_DTMISS|EXC_USER:
if (tf->tf_esr & (ESR_DST|ESR_DIZ))
ftype = VM_PROT_WRITE;
DBPRINTF(TDB_ALL,
("trap(EXC_DSI|EXC_USER) at %lx %s fault on %lx %x\n",
tf->tf_srr0, (ftype & VM_PROT_WRITE) ? "write" : "read",
tf->tf_dear, tf->tf_esr));
KASSERT(l == curlwp && (l->l_stat == LSONPROC));
// KASSERT(curpcb->pcb_onfault == NULL);
rv = uvm_fault(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, trunc_page(tf->tf_dear),
ftype);
if (rv == 0) {
break;
}
KSI_INIT_TRAP(&ksi);
ksi.ksi_trap = EXC_DSI;
ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)tf->tf_dear;
vm_signal:
switch (rv) {
case EINVAL:
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGBUS;
ksi.ksi_code = BUS_ADRERR;
break;
case EACCES:
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGSEGV;
ksi.ksi_code = SEGV_ACCERR;
break;
case ENOMEM:
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGKILL;
printf("UVM: pid %d.%d (%s), uid %d killed: "
"out of swap\n", p->p_pid, l->l_lid, p->p_comm,
l->l_cred ? kauth_cred_geteuid(l->l_cred) : -1);
break;
default:
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGSEGV;
ksi.ksi_code = SEGV_MAPERR;
break;
}
trapsignal(l, &ksi);
break;
case EXC_ITMISS|EXC_USER:
case EXC_ISI|EXC_USER:
ftype = VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
DBPRINTF(TDB_ALL,
("trap(EXC_ISI|EXC_USER) at %lx execute fault tf %p\n",
tf->tf_srr0, tf));
// KASSERT(curpcb->pcb_onfault == NULL);
rv = uvm_fault(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, trunc_page(tf->tf_srr0),
ftype);
if (rv == 0) {
break;
}
isi:
KSI_INIT_TRAP(&ksi);
ksi.ksi_trap = EXC_ISI;
ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)tf->tf_srr0;
goto vm_signal;
break;
case EXC_AST|EXC_USER:
cpu_ast(l, curcpu());
break;
case EXC_ALI|EXC_USER:
if (fix_unaligned(tf, &ksi))
trapsignal(l, &ksi);
break;
case EXC_PGM|EXC_USER:
curcpu()->ci_data.cpu_ntrap++;
KSI_INIT_TRAP(&ksi);
ksi.ksi_trap = EXC_PGM;
ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)tf->tf_srr0;
if (tf->tf_esr & ESR_PTR) {
vaddr_t va;
sigtrap:
va = (vaddr_t)tf->tf_srr0;
/*
* Restore original instruction and clear BP.
*/
if (p->p_md.md_ss_addr[0] == va ||
p->p_md.md_ss_addr[1] == va) {
rv = ppc_sstep(l, 0);
if (rv != 0)
goto vm_signal;
ksi.ksi_code = TRAP_TRACE;
} else
ksi.ksi_code = TRAP_BRKPT;
if (p->p_raslist != NULL &&
ras_lookup(p, (void *)va) != (void *)-1) {
tf->tf_srr0 += (ksi.ksi_code == TRAP_TRACE) ?
0 : 4;
break;
}
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGTRAP;
} else if (tf->tf_esr & ESR_PPR) {
uint32_t opcode;
rv = copyin((void *)tf->tf_srr0, &opcode,
sizeof(opcode));
if (rv)
goto isi;
if (emulate_mxmsr(l, tf, opcode)) {
tf->tf_srr0 += 4;
break;
}
ksi.ksi_code = ILL_PRVOPC;
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGILL;
} else {
pcb = lwp_getpcb(l);
if (__predict_false(!fpu_used_p(l))) {
memset(&pcb->pcb_fpu, 0, sizeof(pcb->pcb_fpu));
fpu_mark_used(l);
}
if (fpu_emulate(tf, &pcb->pcb_fpu, &ksi)) {
if (ksi.ksi_signo == 0) /* was emulated */
break;
else if (ksi.ksi_signo == SIGTRAP)
goto sigtrap; /* XXX H/W bug? */
} else {
ksi.ksi_code = ILL_ILLOPC;
ksi.ksi_signo = SIGILL;
}
}
trapsignal(l, &ksi);
break;
case EXC_MCHK:
{
struct faultbuf *fb;
pcb = lwp_getpcb(l);
if ((fb = pcb->pcb_onfault) != NULL) {
tf->tf_pid = KERNEL_PID;
tf->tf_srr0 = fb->fb_pc;
tf->tf_srr1 |= PSL_IR; /* Re-enable IMMU */
tf->tf_fixreg[1] = fb->fb_sp;
tf->tf_fixreg[2] = fb->fb_r2;
tf->tf_fixreg[3] = 1; /* Return TRUE */
tf->tf_cr = fb->fb_cr;
memcpy(&tf->tf_fixreg[13], fb->fb_fixreg,
sizeof(fb->fb_fixreg));
return;
}
}
goto brain_damage;
default:
brain_damage:
printf("trap type 0x%x at 0x%lx\n", type, tf->tf_srr0);
#if defined(DDB) || defined(KGDB)
if (kdb_trap(type, tf))
return;
#endif
#ifdef TRAP_PANICWAIT
printf("Press a key to panic.\n");
cngetc();
#endif
panic("trap");
}
/* Invoke powerpc userret code */
userret(l, tf);
}
int
ctx_setup(int ctx, int srr1)
{
volatile struct pmap *pm;
/* Update PID if we're returning to user mode. */
if (srr1 & PSL_PR) {
pm = curproc->p_vmspace->vm_map.pmap;
if (!pm->pm_ctx) {
ctx_alloc(__UNVOLATILE(pm));
}
ctx = pm->pm_ctx;
}
else if (!ctx) {
ctx = KERNEL_PID;
}
return (ctx);
}
/*
* Used by copyin()/copyout()
*/
extern vaddr_t vmaprange(struct proc *, vaddr_t, vsize_t, int);
extern void vunmaprange(vaddr_t, vsize_t);
static int bigcopyin(const void *, void *, size_t );
static int bigcopyout(const void *, void *, size_t );
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang optimize off
#endif
int
copyin(const void *uaddr, void *kaddr, size_t len)
{
struct pmap *pm = curproc->p_vmspace->vm_map.pmap;
int rv, msr, pid, tmp, ctx;
struct faultbuf env;
/* For bigger buffers use the faster copy */
if (len > 1024)
return (bigcopyin(uaddr, kaddr, len));
if ((rv = setfault(&env))) {
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
return rv;
}
if (!(ctx = pm->pm_ctx)) {
/* No context -- assign it one */
ctx_alloc(pm);
ctx = pm->pm_ctx;
}
__asm volatile (
"mfmsr %[msr];" /* Save MSR */
"li %[tmp],0x20;" /* Disable IMMU */
"andc %[tmp],%[msr],%[tmp];"
"mtmsr %[tmp];"
"isync;"
MFPID(%[pid]) /* Save old PID */
"srwi. %[tmp],%[len],0x2;" /* How many words? */
"beq- 2f;" /* No words. Go do bytes */
"mtctr %[tmp];"
"1:" MTPID(%[ctx])
"isync;"
#ifdef PPC_IBM403
"lswi %[tmp],%[uaddr],4;" /* Load user word */
#else
"lwz %[tmp],0(%[uaddr]);"
#endif
"addi %[uaddr],%[uaddr],0x4;" /* next uaddr word */
"sync;"
MTPID(%[pid])
"isync;"
#ifdef PPC_IBM403
"stswi %[tmp],%[kaddr],4;" /* Store kernel word */
#else
"stw %[tmp],0(%[kaddr]);"
#endif
"addi %[kaddr],%[kaddr],0x4;" /* next kaddr word */
"sync;"
"bdnz 1b;" /* repeat */
"2:" "andi. %[tmp],%[len],0x3;" /* How many remaining bytes? */
"beq 10f;"
"mtxer %[tmp];"
MTPID(%[ctx])
"isync;"
"lswx %[tmp],0,%[uaddr];" /* Load user bytes */
"sync;"
MTPID(%[pid])
"isync;"
"stswx %[tmp],0,%[kaddr];" /* Store kernel bytes */
"sync;"
"10:" "mtmsr %[msr];" /* Restore MSR */
"isync;"
: [msr] "=&r" (msr), [pid] "=&r" (pid), [tmp] "=&r" (tmp)
: [uaddr] "b" (uaddr), [kaddr] "b" (kaddr),
[ctx] "r" (ctx), [len] "r" (len)
: "cr0", "ctr", "xer");
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
return 0;
}
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang optimize on
#endif
static int
bigcopyin(const void *uaddr, void *kaddr, size_t len)
{
const char *up;
char *kp = kaddr;
struct lwp *l = curlwp;
struct proc *p;
struct faultbuf env;
int error;
p = l->l_proc;
/*
* Stolen from physio():
*/
error = uvm_vslock(p->p_vmspace, __UNCONST(uaddr), len, VM_PROT_READ);
if (error) {
return error;
}
up = (char *)vmaprange(p, (vaddr_t)uaddr, len, VM_PROT_READ);
if ((error = setfault(&env)) == 0) {
memcpy(kp, up, len);
}
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
vunmaprange((vaddr_t)up, len);
uvm_vsunlock(p->p_vmspace, __UNCONST(uaddr), len);
return error;
}
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang optimize off
#endif
int
copyout(const void *kaddr, void *uaddr, size_t len)
{
struct pmap *pm = curproc->p_vmspace->vm_map.pmap;
int rv, msr, pid, tmp, ctx;
struct faultbuf env;
/* For big copies use more efficient routine */
if (len > 1024)
return (bigcopyout(kaddr, uaddr, len));
if ((rv = setfault(&env))) {
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
return rv;
}
if (!(ctx = pm->pm_ctx)) {
/* No context -- assign it one */
ctx_alloc(pm);
ctx = pm->pm_ctx;
}
__asm volatile (
"mfmsr %[msr];" /* Save MSR */
"li %[tmp],0x20;" /* Disable IMMU */
"andc %[tmp],%[msr],%[tmp];"
"mtmsr %[tmp];"
"isync;"
MFPID(%[pid]) /* Save old PID */
"srwi. %[tmp],%[len],0x2;" /* How many words? */
"beq- 2f;" /* No words. Go do bytes */
"mtctr %[tmp];"
"1:"
#ifdef PPC_IBM403
"lswi %[tmp],%[kaddr],4;" /* Load kernel word */
#else
"lwz %[tmp],0(%[kaddr]);"
#endif
"addi %[kaddr],%[kaddr],0x4;" /* next kaddr word */
"sync;"
MTPID(%[ctx])
"isync;"
#ifdef PPC_IBM403
"stswi %[tmp],%[uaddr],4;" /* Store user word */
#else
"stw %[tmp],0(%[uaddr]);"
#endif
"addi %[uaddr],%[uaddr],0x4;" /* next uaddr word */
"sync;"
MTPID(%[pid])
"isync;"
"bdnz 1b;" /* repeat */
"2:" "andi. %[tmp],%[len],0x3;" /* How many remaining bytes? */
"beq 10f;"
"mtxer %[tmp];"
"lswx %[tmp],0,%[kaddr];" /* Load kernel bytes */
"sync;"
MTPID(%[ctx])
"isync;"
"stswx %[tmp],0,%[uaddr];" /* Store user bytes */
"sync;"
MTPID(%[pid]) /* Restore PID and MSR */
"10:" "mtmsr %[msr];"
"isync;"
: [msr] "=&r" (msr), [pid] "=&r" (pid), [tmp] "=&r" (tmp)
: [uaddr] "b" (uaddr), [kaddr] "b" (kaddr),
[ctx] "r" (ctx), [len] "r" (len)
: "cr0", "ctr", "xer");
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
return 0;
}
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang optimize on
#endif
static int
bigcopyout(const void *kaddr, void *uaddr, size_t len)
{
char *up;
const char *kp = (const char *)kaddr;
struct lwp *l = curlwp;
struct proc *p;
struct faultbuf env;
int error;
p = l->l_proc;
/*
* Stolen from physio():
*/
error = uvm_vslock(p->p_vmspace, uaddr, len, VM_PROT_WRITE);
if (error) {
return error;
}
up = (char *)vmaprange(p, (vaddr_t)uaddr, len,
VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
if ((error = setfault(&env)) == 0) {
memcpy(up, kp, len);
}
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
vunmaprange((vaddr_t)up, len);
uvm_vsunlock(p->p_vmspace, uaddr, len);
return error;
}
/*
* kcopy(const void *src, void *dst, size_t len);
*
* Copy len bytes from src to dst, aborting if we encounter a fatal
* page fault.
*
* kcopy() _must_ save and restore the old fault handler since it is
* called by uiomove(), which may be in the path of servicing a non-fatal
* page fault.
*/
int
kcopy(const void *src, void *dst, size_t len)
{
struct faultbuf env, *oldfault;
int rv;
oldfault = curpcb->pcb_onfault;
if ((rv = setfault(&env))) {
curpcb->pcb_onfault = oldfault;
return rv;
}
memcpy(dst, src, len);
curpcb->pcb_onfault = oldfault;
return 0;
}
#if 0
int
badaddr(void *addr, size_t size)
{
return badaddr_read(addr, size, NULL);
}
int
badaddr_read(void *addr, size_t size, int *rptr)
{
struct faultbuf env;
int x;
/* Get rid of any stale machine checks that have been waiting. */
__asm volatile ("sync; isync");
if (setfault(&env)) {
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
__asm volatile ("sync");
return 1;
}
__asm volatile ("sync");
switch (size) {
case 1:
x = *(volatile int8_t *)addr;
break;
case 2:
x = *(volatile int16_t *)addr;
break;
case 4:
x = *(volatile int32_t *)addr;
break;
default:
panic("badaddr: invalid size (%d)", size);
}
/* Make sure we took the machine check, if we caused one. */
__asm volatile ("sync; isync");
curpcb->pcb_onfault = NULL;
__asm volatile ("sync"); /* To be sure. */
/* Use the value to avoid reorder. */
if (rptr)
*rptr = x;
return 0;
}
#endif
#ifndef PPC_NO_UNALIGNED
static bool
fix_unaligned(struct trapframe *tf, ksiginfo_t *ksi)
{
KSI_INIT_TRAP(ksi);
ksi->ksi_signo = SIGBUS;
ksi->ksi_trap = EXC_ALI;
ksi->ksi_addr = (void *)tf->tf_dear;
return true;
}
#endif
/*
* XXX Extremely lame implementations of _ufetch_* / _ustore_*. IBM 4xx
* experts should make versions that are good.
*/
#define UFETCH(sz) \
int \
_ufetch_ ## sz(const uint ## sz ## _t *uaddr, uint ## sz ## _t *valp) \
{ \
return copyin(uaddr, valp, sizeof(*valp)); \
}
UFETCH(8)
UFETCH(16)
UFETCH(32)
#define USTORE(sz) \
int \
_ustore_ ## sz(uint ## sz ## _t *uaddr, uint ## sz ## _t val) \
{ \
return copyout(&val, uaddr, sizeof(val)); \
}
USTORE(8)
USTORE(16)
USTORE(32)
