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Dd October 7, 2013
Dt ALTBOOT 8 sandpoint
Os
Sh NAME
Nm altboot
Nd program to boot
Nx
kernel from disk or network
Sh DESCRIPTION
Nm
is a standalone program which works on top of a
Tn NAS
product's bootloader.
It is capable of loading a
Nx
kernel from an
Tn IDE
or
Tn SATA
disk drive, or via network with
Tn NFS
or
Tn TFTP
protocol.
Nm
can be stored in flash ROM.
Typically you will first copy it from flash into RAM and then invoke
it there to boot the
Nx
kernel.
Pp
Nm
runs in conjunction with popular
Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
bootloaders used by
Tn NAS
products.
With an appropriate boot command line, saved in the environment,
Nm
can load and start a
Nx
kernel without manual intervention.
The original
Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
bootloaders remain useful and altboot works as a functional extension
of them.
Sh EXAMPLES
Nm
occupies less than 128KB in volume and can be stored to any vacant
space of the system's flash.
It is made to run at RAM address offset 0x0100'0000.
Tn U-Boot/PPCboot
is instructed to copy the program to RAM in this way:
Pp
Dl => cp.b fffe0000 1000000 20000
Pp
Here 0xfffe'0000 is the flash address where
Nm
is stored while 0x0100'0000 is the RAM address to copy to.
Pp
The invocation syntax is:
Pp
Dl => go 1000000 Ar ide:N Ar opt1 Ar opt2 ... Ar bootname
Bl -tag -width xx
It Va ide:N
where
Ar N
is a string of digits, which defines the number of connected drives on each
PATA channel.
This option is useful to avoid the delays, when
Nm
is trying to detect a non-existing drive.
Examples:
Bl -tag -width xx
It ide: Ns Ar 10
A single master drive on the first channel.
Nothing on the second channel.
It ide: Ns Ar 22
A master and slave drive on both channels of the first controller.
It ide: Ns Ar 1111
A master drive on each channel.
The first two digits belong to the first
controller, the last two to the second controller.
El
Pp
Unspecified digits will be read as
Ar 0 .
The
Ar ide
option has only a meaning for PATA disks.
Omitting it makes it default to
Ar ide:10 .
Pp
It Va optN
multi, auto, ask, single, ddb, userconf, norm, quiet, verb,
silent, debug
Pp
Omitting optN makes
Nm
default to multi-user mode boot.
Pp
N.B., the maximum number of allowed go command arguments varies
and depends on the
Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
buildtime configuration.
It Va bootname
One of the following:
Pp
Dl nfs: Ns Ar filename
Dl nfs:
Dl tftp: Ns Ar filename
Dl tftp:
Dl wd Ns Ar Np : Ns Ar filename
Dl wd Ns Ar Np :
Dl mem: Ns Ar address
Dl net:
Pp
The last one is a synonym for
Dq nfs .
It nfs: Ns Va filename
issue a
Tn DHCP
request to determine the
Tn IP
address and download
Ar filename
from the
Tn NFS
server.
It nfs:
target file is determined by
Sy filename
field of
Pa /etc/dhcpd.conf
It tftp: Ns Va filename
issue a
Tn DHCP
request to determine
Tn IP
address and download
Ar filename
from the
Tn TFTP
server.
It tftp:
target file is determined by
Sy filename
field of
Pa /etc/dhcpd.conf
It wd Ns Va Np : Ns Va filename
load the
Tn ELF
Nx
kernel
Ar filename
from an
Tn FFSv2
or
Tn FFSv1
filesystem.
Ar N
is a number to distinguish the target drive.
Ar p
is a partition specifier.
When omitted, partition
Sq a
is assumed.
Dq wd0a
means partition
Sq a
of the first disk drive.
It wd Ns Va Np :
use filename
Dq netbsd
for booting the
Tn ELF
Nx
kernel.
It mem: Ns Va address
boots the
Tn ELF
Nx
kernel from any address in memory.
The
Ar address
argument has to be specified as a hexadecimal number and denotes the
start address of the
Tn ELF
image in memory.
El
Pp
Nm
can boot from RAID 1 partitions, but only if the RAID partition is the
first partition on the disk.
Pp
Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
provides a way to run a short list of commands right after power-on.
The following is a procedure to setup the system for starting
Nx
after a 5 second delay, allowing the user to break into interactive
mode.
Note that a backslashed
Sq \&;
is necessary to enter the script correctly.
Bd -literal -offset indent
=> setenv bootcmd cp.b fffe0000 1000000 20000\e; go 1000000 wd0:
=> setenv bootdelay 5
=> saveenv
Ed
Pp
When
Tn U-Boot/PPCBoot
is lacking important commands like
Tn cp
or
Tn go ,
or is unable to save the environment, then there is still the option to
replace the
Tn Linux
kernel module by
Pa altboot.img
and save it to the same address in flash ROM.
In this case you have only two options left to pass arguments:
Pp
Bl -bullet -compact
It
Enter the interactive command line mode, after
Nm
has started.
This requires a serial console.
It
Write a fixed command line into flash, replacing the
Tn Linux
initrd image.
The command line is a normal
Tn ASCII
file, started by the identifier
Em altboot:
and terminated by any control character between 0 and 31.
Example:
Dl altboot:silent ide:1111 wd0:netbsd
El
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr dhcpd 8 ,
Xr diskless 8 ,
Xr nfsd 8 ,
Xr raidctl 8 ,
Xr tftpd 8
Sh HISTORY
The
Nx Ns Tn /sandpoint
Nm
first appeared in
Nx 6.0 .
Sh BUGS
The Realtek Gigabit Ethernet driver does not work correctly at 1000 Mbps.
Another known problem of this driver is that it runs into a timeout after
a coldstart.
The system has to be rebooted at least once to make it work.

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