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Dd @@@DATE@@@
Dt MAKEDEV 8
Os
Sh NAME
Nm MAKEDEV
Nd create system and device special files
Sh SYNOPSIS
\" Please keep this in sync with MAKEDEV.local.8
Nm
Op Fl fMsu
Op Fl m Ar mknod
Op Fl p Ar pax
Op Fl t Ar mtree
Bro Ar special | device Brc Op Ar ...
Sh DESCRIPTION
Nm
is used to create system and device special files.
As arguments it takes the names of known devices, like
Ar sd0 ,
or of special targets, like
Pa all
or
Pa std ,
which create a collection of device special files,
or
Pa local ,
which invokes
Xr MAKEDEV.local 8
with the
Pa all
argument.
Pp
The script is in
Pa /dev/MAKEDEV .
Devices are created in the current working directory;
in normal use,
Nm
should be invoked with
Pa /dev
as the current working directory.
Pp
Supported options are:
Bl -tag -width XmXmknodXX
It Fl f
Force permissions to be updated on existing devices.
This works only if
Nm
invokes
Xr mknod 8 ;
it is not compatible with the
Fl p ,
Fl s ,
or
Fl t
options.
It Fl M
Create a memory file system, union mounted over the current directory,
to contain the device special files.
The memory file system is created using
Xr mount_tmpfs 8
or
Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
in that order of preference.
Pp
If the
Fl M
flag is specified more than once, then
Nm
assumes that it is being invoked from
Xr init 8
to populate a memory file system for
Pa /dev .
In this case,
Nm
will also redirect its output to the system console.
It Fl m Ar mknod
Force the use of
Xr mknod 8 ,
and specify the name or path to the
Xr mknod 8
program.
[Usually, $TOOL_MKNOD or mknod.]
It Fl p Ar pax
Force the use of
Xr pax 1 ,
and specify the name or path to the
Xr pax 1
program.
[Usually, $TOOL_PAX or pax.]
It Fl s
Generate an
Xr mtree 8
specfile instead of creating devices.
It Fl t Ar mtree
Force the use of
Xr mtree 8 ,
and specify the name or path to the
Xr mtree 8
program.
[Usually, $TOOL_MTREE or mtree.]
It Fl u
Don't re-create devices that already exist.
El
Pp
Nm
has several possible methods of creating device nodes:
Bl -bullet
It
By invoking the
Xr mknod 8
command once for each device node.
This is the traditional method, but it is slow because each device node
is created using a new process.
Pp
The
Fl m
option forces
Nm
to use the
Xr mknod 8
method.
It
By internally creating a specfile in a format usable by
Xr mtree 8 ,
and providing the specfile on standard input to a
Xr pax 1
or
Xr mtree 8
command, invoked with options that request it to create the device nodes
as well as any necessary subdirectories.
This is much faster than creating device nodes with
Xr mknod 8 ,
because it requires much fewer processes;
however, it's not compatible with the
Fl f
option.
Pp
The
Fl p
or
Fl t
options force
Nm
to use the
Xr pax 1
or
Xr mtree 8
methods.
It
If the
Fl s
option is specified, then
Nm
will not create device nodes at all, but will output
a specfile in a format usable by
Xr mtree 8 .
El
Pp
The
Fl m , Fl p , Fl s ,
and
Fl t
flags are mutually exclusive.
If none of these flags is specified, then
Nm
will use
Xr mtree 8 ,
Xr pax 1 ,
or
Xr mknod 8 ,
in that order of preference, depending on which commands
appear to be available and usable.
In normal use, it's expected that
Xr mtree 8
will be available, so it will be chosen.
If
Nm
is invoked by
Xr init 8 ,
it's expected that
Xr mtree 8
will not be available, but
Xr pax 1
may be available.
Pp
The special targets supported on
Nx
are:
Pp
@@@SPECIAL@@@
Pp
Please note that any hash marks
Pq Dq #
in the following list of supported device targets must be replaced by
digits when calling
Nm :
Pp
@@@DEVICES@@@
Sh ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables affect the execution of
Nm :
Pp
Bl -tag -width indent
It Ev MAKEDEV_AS_LIBRARY
If this is set, then
Nm
will define several shell functions and then return,
ignoring all its command line options and arguments.
This is used to enable
Xr MAKEDEV.local 8
to use the shell functions defined in
Nm .
El
Sh FILES
Bl -tag -width "/dev/MAKEDEV.local" -compact
It Pa /dev
special device files directory
It Pa /dev/MAKEDEV
script described in this man page
It Pa /dev/MAKEDEV.local
script for site-specific devices
El
Sh DIAGNOSTICS
If the script reports an error that is difficult to understand,
you can get more debugging output by using
Dl Ic sh Fl x Ar MAKEDEV Ar argument .
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr config 1 ,
Xr pax 1 ,
Xr intro 4 ,
Xr diskless 8 ,
Xr init 8 ,
Xr MAKEDEV.local 8 ,
Xr mknod 8 ,
Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
Xr mount_tmpfs 8 ,
Xr mtree 8
Sh HISTORY
The
Nm
command appeared in
Bx 4.2 .
The
Fl f ,
Fl m ,
and
Fl s
options were added in
Nx 2.0 .
The
Fl p ,
Fl t ,
and
Fl M
options were added in
Nx 5.0 .
The ability to be used as a function library was added in
Nx 5.0 .
Sh BUGS
The
Fl f
option is not compatible with the use of
Xr mtree 8
or
Xr pax 1 .
Sh NOTES
Not all devices listed in this manpage are supported on all platforms.
Pp
This man page is generated automatically from the same sources
as
Pa /dev/MAKEDEV ,
in which the device files are not always sorted, which may result
in an unusual (non-alphabetical) order.
Pp
In order to allow a diskless
Nx
client to obtain its
Pa /dev
directory from a file server running a foreign operating system,
one of the following techniques may be useful to populate
a directory of device nodes on the foreign server:
Bl -bullet
It
If the foreign server is sufficiently similar to
Nx ,
run
Nm
in an appropriate directory of the foreign server,
using the
Fl m
flag to refer to a script that converts from command line
arguments that would be usable with the
Nx
Xr mknod 8
command to the equivalent commands for the foreign server.
It
Run
Nm
with the
Fl s
flag to generate an
Xr mtree 8
specification file; this can be done on any host with a
POSIX-compliant shell and a few widely-available utilities.
Use the
Xr pax 1
command with the
Fl w Fl M
flags to convert the
Xr mtree 8
specification file into an archive
in a format that supports device nodes
(such as
Ar ustar
format);
this can be done on a
Nx
host, or can be done in a cross-build environment using
Sy TOOLDIR Ns Pa /bin/nbpax .
Finally, use appropriate tools on the foreign server
to unpack the archive and create the device nodes.
El

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