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\"     @(#)intro.3      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
\"
Dd April 14, 2021
Dt INTRO 3
Os
Sh NAME
Nm intro
Nd introduction to the system libraries
Sh DESCRIPTION
This section provides an overview of the system libraries, their
functions, error returns and other common definitions and concepts.
Most of these functions are available from the standard C library,
Em libc .
Other libraries, such as the math library,
Em libm ,
must be indicated at compile time with the
Fl l
option of the compiler.
\" .Pp
\" A subset of the
\" .Xr libc functions
\" are available from Fortran;
\" they are described separately in
\" .Xr intro 3f .
Pp
The various system libraries supplied in
Nx
(followed by the linker flags) are:
Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)"
It Em libasn1 Pq Fl l Ns Ar asn1
The abstract syntax notation (ASN) library provides routines for the
specification of abstract data types.
It Em libbz2 Pq Fl l Ns Ar bz2
Block-sorting compressor library providing routines for fast and
efficient compression.
It Em libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c
The standard C library.
When using the C compiler
Xr cc 1 ,
it is not necessary to supply the linker flag
Fl l Ns Ar c
for these functions.
There are several subsystems included inside
Em libc :
Bl -tag -width "XXXXXX"
It standard I/O routines
see
Xr stdio 3
It database routines
see
Xr db 3
It bit operators
see
Xr bitstring 3
It string operators
see
Xr string 3
It character tests and character operators
It Tn encryption and hash routines
see
Xr md4 3
and
Xr md5 3 .
It storage allocation
see
Xr mpool 3
and
Xr malloc 3
It time functions
see
Xr time 3
It signal handling
see
Xr signal 3
El
It Em libcom_err Pq Fl l Ns Ar com_err
The common error description library.
See
Xr com_err 3 .
It Em libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat
Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with
Bx 4.3 .
In particular, a number of system call interfaces provided in previous
releases of
Bx
have been included for source code compatibility.
Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided.
The manual page entry
for each compatibility routine indicates the proper interface to use.
It Em libcrypt Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypt
The crypt library.
See
Xr crypt 3 .
It Em libcrypto Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypto
The OpenSSL cryptographic library.
See
Xr crypto 7 .
It Em libcurses Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar terminfo
Terminal independent screen management routines
for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals.
See
Xr curses 3 .
It Em libdes Pq Fl l Ns Ar des
The OpenSSL cryptographic library for the DES algorithms.
See
Xr des 3 .
It Em libdm Pq Fl l Ns Ar dm
The device-mapper driver access library used for communication with
kernel driver
Xr dm 4
and for
Xr lvm 8
subsystem.
It Em libedit Pq Fl l Ns Ar edit
The command-line editor or editline library.
The editline library provides generic editing and history functions.
See
Xr editline 3 .
It Em libform Pq Fl l Ns Ar form
The curses form library provides a terminal-independent form system
using the curses library.
The form library provides facilities for defining forms on terminals.
See
Xr forms 3 .
It Em libgssapi Pq Fl l Ns Ar gssapi
The Generic Security Services (GSS) API library.
This library provides
verification services to applications and usually sits above the
cryptographic libraries.
It Em libhesiod Pq Fl l Ns Ar hesiod
The Hesiod library.
This library provides routines for performing
lookups of Hesiod information, which is stored as text records in the
Domain Name Service.
See
Xr hesiod 3 .
It Em libhdb Pq Fl l Ns Ar hdb
The Heimdal Kerberos 5 authentication/authorisation database access
library.
It Em libintl Pq Fl l Ns Ar intl
The internationalized message handling library.
See
Xr gettext 3 .
It Em libipsec Pq Fl l Ns Ar ipsec
The IPsec policy control library.
See
Xr ipsec_set_policy 3
and
Xr ipsec_strerror 3 .
It Em libkadm5clnt Pq Fl l Ns Ar kadm5clnt
The Kerberos 5 administration client library.
It Em libkadm5srv Pq Fl l Ns Ar kadm5srv
The Kerberos 5 administration server library.
See
Xr kadm5_pwcheck 3 .
It Em libkafs Pq Fl l Ns Ar kafs
The Kerberos IV AFS library.
See
Xr kafs 3 .
It Em libkdb Pq Fl l Ns Ar kdb
The Kerberos IV authentication/authorisation database access library.
It Em libkrb Pq Fl l Ns Ar krb
The Kerberos IV library.
It Em libkrb5 Pq Fl l Ns Ar krb5
The Kerberos 5 library.
See
Xr krb5 3 .
It Em libkstream Pq Fl l Ns Ar kstream
Kerberos IV encrypted stream library.
It Em libkvm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm
Kernel data access library.
See
Xr kvm 3 .
It Em libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l
The library for
Xr lex 1 .
It Em libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m
The math library.
See
Xr math 3 .
\" The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler
\" .Xr pc 1 ,
\" but not by the C compiler which requires the
\" .Fl l Ns Ar m
\" flag (see
\" .Xr math 3 ) .
\" .It Em libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp
\" .It Em libom
\" Old math library.
\" .It Em libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot
\" Device independent plotting functions (see
\" .Xr plot 3 ) .
\" .It Em libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77
\" The device independent plotting functions for fortran (see
\" .Xr plot 3 ) .
\" .It Em libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv
\" Routines for network address resolution.
It Em libmenu Pq Fl l Ns Ar menu
The curses menu library.
See
Xr menus 3 .
It Em libnvmm Pq Fl l Ns Ar nvmm
Nx
Virtualization API.
See
Xr libnvmm 3 .
It Em libossaudio Pq Fl l Ns Ar ossaudio
Open Sound System compatibility library.
See
Xr ossaudio 3 .
It Em libpanel Pq Fl l Ns Ar panel
The curses panel library.
See
Xr panel 3 .
It Em libpcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar pcap
The packet capture library.
See
Xr pcap 3 .
It Em libpci Pq Fl l Ns Ar pci
The PCI bus access library.
See
Xr pci 3 .
It Em libposix Pq Fl l Ns Ar posix
The POSIX compatibility library provides a compatibility interface for
POSIX functions which differ from the standard BSD interfaces.
See
Xr chown 2
and
Xr rename 2 .
It Em libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv
The DNS resolver library.
It Em librmt Pq Fl l Ns Ar rmt
Remote magnetic tape library.
See
Xr rmtops 3 .
It Em libroken Pq Fl l Ns Ar roken
A library containing compatibility functions used by Kerberos.
It implements functionality required by the Kerberos implementation not
implemented in the standard
Nx
libraries.
It Em librpcsvc Pq Fl l Ns Ar rpcsvc
The Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services library.
See
Xr rpc 3 .
It Em libskey Pq Fl l Ns Ar skey
The S/Key one-time password library.
See
Xr skey 3 .
It Em libsl Pq Fl l Ns Ar sl
It Em libss Pq Fl l Ns Ar ss
It Em libssl Pq Fl l Ns Ar ssl
The secure sockets layer (SSL) library.
See
Xr ssl 7 .
It Em libtelnet Pq Fl l Ns Ar telnet
The telnet library.
It Em libterminfo Pq Fl l Ns Ar terminfo
The terminal-independent operation library.
See
Xr terminfo 3 .
It Em libusbhid Pq Fl l Ns Ar usbhid
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) Human Interface Devices access library.
See
Xr libusbhid 3 .
It Em libutil Pq Fl l Ns Ar util
The system utilities library.
See
Xr util 3 .
It Em libwrap Pq Fl l Ns Ar wrap
The TCP wrappers library.
See
Xr hosts_access 3 .
It Em liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y
The library for
Xr yacc 1 .
It Em libz Pq Fl l Ns Ar z
General-purpose compression library.
See
Xr zlib 3 .
El
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr cc 1 ,
Xr ld 1 ,
Xr nm 1 ,
Xr rtld 1 ,
Xr intro 2
Sh HISTORY
An
Nm
manual appeared in
At v7 .

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