* Copyright (c) 1996 by Internet Software Consortium.

/* $OpenBSD: base64.c,v 1.8 2015/01/16 16:48:51 deraadt Exp $ */

/*
* Copyright (c) 1996 by Internet Software Consortium.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM DISCLAIMS
* ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTERNET SOFTWARE
* CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
* PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
* ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE.
*/

/*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1995 by International Business Machines, Inc.
*
* International Business Machines, Inc. (hereinafter called IBM) grants
* permission under its copyrights to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* Software with or without fee, provided that the above copyright notice and
* all paragraphs of this notice appear in all copies, and that the name of IBM
* not be used in connection with the marketing of any product incorporating
* the Software or modifications thereof, without specific, written prior
* permission.
*
* To the extent it has a right to do so, IBM grants an immunity from suit
* under its patents, if any, for the use, sale or manufacture of products to
* the extent that such products are used for performing Domain Name System
* dynamic updates in TCP/IP networks by means of the Software. No immunity is
* granted for any product per se or for any other function of any product.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", AND IBM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
* INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
* PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL IBM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
* IF IBM IS APPRISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
*/

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <arpa/nameser.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

static const char Base64[] =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
static const char Pad64 = '=';

/* (From RFC1521 and draft-ietf-dnssec-secext-03.txt)
The following encoding technique is taken from RFC 1521 by Borenstein
and Freed. It is reproduced here in a slightly edited form for
convenience.

A 65-character subset of US-ASCII is used, enabling 6 bits to be
represented per printable character. (The extra 65th character, "=",
is used to signify a special processing function.)

The encoding process represents 24-bit groups of input bits as output
strings of 4 encoded characters. Proceeding from left to right, a
24-bit input group is formed by concatenating 3 8-bit input groups.
These 24 bits are then treated as 4 concatenated 6-bit groups, each
of which is translated into a single digit in the base64 alphabet.

Each 6-bit group is used as an index into an array of 64 printable
characters. The character referenced by the index is placed in the
output string.

Table 1: The Base64 Alphabet

Value Encoding Value Encoding Value Encoding Value Encoding
0 A 17 R 34 i 51 z
1 B 18 S 35 j 52 0
2 C 19 T 36 k 53 1
3 D 20 U 37 l 54 2
4 E 21 V 38 m 55 3
5 F 22 W 39 n 56 4
6 G 23 X 40 o 57 5
7 H 24 Y 41 p 58 6
8 I 25 Z 42 q 59 7
9 J 26 a 43 r 60 8
10 K 27 b 44 s 61 9
11 L 28 c 45 t 62 +
12 M 29 d 46 u 63 /
13 N 30 e 47 v
14 O 31 f 48 w (pad) =
15 P 32 g 49 x
16 Q 33 h 50 y

Special processing is performed if fewer than 24 bits are available
at the end of the data being encoded. A full encoding quantum is
always completed at the end of a quantity. When fewer than 24 input
bits are available in an input group, zero bits are added (on the
right) to form an integral number of 6-bit groups. Padding at the
end of the data is performed using the '=' character.

Since all base64 input is an integral number of octets, only the
-------------------------------------------------
following cases can arise:

(1) the final quantum of encoding input is an integral
multiple of 24 bits; here, the final unit of encoded
output will be an integral multiple of 4 characters
with no "=" padding,
(2) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 8 bits;
here, the final unit of encoded output will be two
characters followed by two "=" padding characters, or
(3) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 16 bits;
here, the final unit of encoded output will be three
characters followed by one "=" padding character.
*/

int
b64_ntop(src, srclength, target, targsize)
u_char const *src;
size_t srclength;
char *target;
size_t targsize;
{
size_t datalength = 0;
u_char input[3];
u_char output[4];
int i;

while (2 < srclength) {
input[0] = *src++;
input[1] = *src++;
input[2] = *src++;
srclength -= 3;

output[0] = input[0] >> 2;
output[1] = ((input[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (input[1] >> 4);
output[2] = ((input[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + (input[2] >> 6);
output[3] = input[2] & 0x3f;

if (datalength + 4 > targsize)
return (-1);
target[datalength++] = Base64[output[0]];
target[datalength++] = Base64[output[1]];
target[datalength++] = Base64[output[2]];
target[datalength++] = Base64[output[3]];
}

/* Now we worry about padding. */
if (0 != srclength) {
/* Get what's left. */
input[0] = input[1] = input[2] = '\0';
for (i = 0; i < srclength; i++)
input[i] = *src++;

output[0] = input[0] >> 2;
output[1] = ((input[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (input[1] >> 4);
output[2] = ((input[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + (input[2] >> 6);

if (datalength + 4 > targsize)
return (-1);
target[datalength++] = Base64[output[0]];
target[datalength++] = Base64[output[1]];
if (srclength == 1)
target[datalength++] = Pad64;
else
target[datalength++] = Base64[output[2]];
target[datalength++] = Pad64;
}
if (datalength >= targsize)
return (-1);
target[datalength] = '\0'; /* Returned value doesn't count \0. */
return (datalength);
}

/* skips all whitespace anywhere.
converts characters, four at a time, starting at (or after)
src from base - 64 numbers into three 8 bit bytes in the target area.
it returns the number of data bytes stored at the target, or -1 on error.
*/

int
b64_pton(src, target, targsize)
char const *src;
u_char *target;
size_t targsize;
{
int tarindex, state, ch;
u_char nextbyte;
char *pos;

state = 0;
tarindex = 0;

while ((ch = (unsigned char)*src++) != '\0') {
if (isspace(ch)) /* Skip whitespace anywhere. */
continue;

if (ch == Pad64)
break;

pos = strchr(Base64, ch);
if (pos == 0) /* A non-base64 character. */
return (-1);

switch (state) {
case 0:
if (target) {
if (tarindex >= targsize)
return (-1);
target[tarindex] = (pos - Base64) << 2;
}
state = 1;
break;
case 1:
if (target) {
if (tarindex >= targsize)
return (-1);
target[tarindex] |= (pos - Base64) >> 4;
nextbyte = ((pos - Base64) & 0x0f) << 4;
if (tarindex + 1 < targsize)
target[tarindex+1] = nextbyte;
else if (nextbyte)
return (-1);
}
tarindex++;
state = 2;
break;
case 2:
if (target) {
if (tarindex >= targsize)
return (-1);
target[tarindex] |= (pos - Base64) >> 2;
nextbyte = ((pos - Base64) & 0x03) << 6;
if (tarindex + 1 < targsize)
target[tarindex+1] = nextbyte;
else if (nextbyte)
return (-1);
}
tarindex++;
state = 3;
break;
case 3:
if (target) {
if (tarindex >= targsize)
return (-1);
target[tarindex] |= (pos - Base64);
}
tarindex++;
state = 0;
break;
}
}

/*
* We are done decoding Base-64 chars. Let's see if we ended
* on a byte boundary, and/or with erroneous trailing characters.
*/

if (ch == Pad64) { /* We got a pad char. */
ch = (unsigned char)*src++; /* Skip it, get next. */
switch (state) {
case 0: /* Invalid = in first position */
case 1: /* Invalid = in second position */
return (-1);

case 2: /* Valid, means one byte of info */
/* Skip any number of spaces. */
for (; ch != '\0'; ch = (unsigned char)*src++)
if (!isspace(ch))
break;
/* Make sure there is another trailing = sign. */
if (ch != Pad64)
return (-1);
ch = (unsigned char)*src++; /* Skip the = */
/* Fall through to "single trailing =" case. */
/* FALLTHROUGH */

case 3: /* Valid, means two bytes of info */
/*
* We know this char is an =. Is there anything but
* whitespace after it?
*/
for (; ch != '\0'; ch = (unsigned char)*src++)
if (!isspace(ch))
return (-1);

/*
* Now make sure for cases 2 and 3 that the "extra"
* bits that slopped past the last full byte were
* zeros. If we don't check them, they become a
* subliminal channel.
*/
if (target && tarindex < targsize &&
target[tarindex] != 0)
return (-1);
}
} else {
/*
* We ended by seeing the end of the string. Make sure we
* have no partial bytes lying around.
*/
if (state != 0)
return (-1);
}

return (tarindex);
}