\" Id: eventlib.mdoc,v 1.3 2004/03/09 06:30:08 marka Exp
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Dd March 6, 1996
Dt EVENTLIB 3
Os BSD 4
Sh NAME
Nm evConnFunc ,
Nm evFileFunc ,
Nm evStreamFunc ,
Nm evTimerFunc ,
Nm evWaitFunc ,
Nm evCreate ,
Nm evDestroy ,
Nm evGetNext ,
Nm evDispatch ,
Nm evDrop ,
Nm evMainLoop ,
Nm evConsTime ,
Nm evTimeSpec ,
Nm evTimeVal ,
Nm evAddTime ,
Nm evSubTime ,
Nm evCmpTime ,
Nm evNowTime ,
Nm evUTCTime ,
Nm evLastEventTime ,
Nm evSetTimer ,
Nm evResetTimer ,
Nm evConfigTimer ,
Nm evClearTimer ,
Nm evSetIdleTimer ,
Nm evTouchIdleTimer ,
Nm evClearIdleTimer ,
Nm evWaitFor ,
Nm evDo ,
Nm evUnwait ,
Nm evDefer ,
Nm evSelectFD ,
Nm evDeselectFD ,
Nm evWrite ,
Nm evRead ,
Nm evCancelRW ,
Nm evTimeRW ,
Nm evUntimeRW ,
Nm evListen ,
Nm evConnect ,
Nm evCancelConn ,
Nm evHold ,
Nm evUnhold ,
Nm evTryAccept ,
Nm evConsIovec ,
Nm evSetDebug ,
Nm evPrintf ,
Nm evInitID ,
Nm evTestID ,
Nm evGetOption ,
Nm evSetOption
Nd event handling library
Sh SYNOPSIS
Fd #include <isc/eventlib.h>
Ft typedef void
Fn \*(lp*evConnFunc\*(rp "evContext ctx" "void *uap" "int fd" \
"const void *la" "int lalen" "const void *ra" "int ralen"
Ft typedef void
Fn \*(lp*evTimerFunc\*(rp "evContext ctx" "void *uap" \
"struct timespec due" "struct timespec inter"
Ft typedef void
Fn \*(lp*evFileFunc\*(rp "evContext ctx" "void *uap" "int fd" "int eventmask"
Ft typedef void
Fn \*(lp*evStreamFunc\*(rp "evContext ctx" "void *uap" "int fd" "int bytes"
Ft typedef void
Fn \*(lp*evWaitFunc\*(rp "evContext ctx" "void *uap" "const void *tag"
Ft int
Fn evCreate "evContext *ctx"
Ft int
Fn evDestroy "evContext ctx"
Ft int
Fn evGetNext "evContext ctx" "evEvent *ev" "int options"
Ft int
Fn evDispatch "evContext ctx" "evEvent ev"
Ft void
Fn evDrop "evContext ctx" "evEvent ev"
Ft int
Fn evMainLoop "evContext ctx"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evConsTime "int sec" "int usec"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evTimeSpec "struct timeval tv"
Ft struct timeval
Fn evTimeVal "struct timespec ts"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evAddTime "struct timespec addend1" "struct timespec addend2"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evSubTime "struct timespec minuend" "struct timespec subtrahend"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evCmpTime "struct timespec a" "struct timespec b"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evNowTime "void"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evUTCTime "void"
Ft struct timespec
Fn evLastEventTime "evContext opaqueCtx"
Ft int
Fn evSetTimer "evContext ctx" "evTimerFunc func" "void *uap" \
"struct timespec due" "struct timespec inter" "evTimerID *id"
Ft int
Fn evResetTimer "evContext ctx" "evTimerID id" "evTimerFunc func" \
"void *uap" "struct timespec due" "struct timespec inter"
Ft int
Fn evConfigTimer "evContext ctx" "evTimerID id" "const char *param" \
"int value"
Ft int
Fn evClearTimer "evContext ctx" "evTimerID id"
Ft int
Fn evSetIdleTimer "evContext opaqueCtx" "evTimerFunc func" "void *uap" \
"struct timespec max_idle" "evTimerID *opaqueID"
Ft int
Fn evTouchIdleTimer "evContext opaqueCtx" "evTimerID id"
Ft int
Fn evResetIdleTimer "evContext opaqueCtx" "evTimerID id" "evTimerFunc func" \
"void *uap" "struct timespec max_idle"
Ft int
Fn evClearIdleTimer "evContext opaqueCtx" "evTimerID id"
Ft int
Fn evWaitFor "evContext opaqueCtx" "const void *tag" \
"evWaitFunc func" "void *uap" "evWaitID *id"
Ft int
Fn evDo "evContext opaqueCtx" "const void *tag"
Ft int
Fn evUnwait "evContext opaqueCtx" "evWaitID id"
Ft int
Fn evDefer "evContext opaqueCtx" "evWaitFunc func" "void *uap"
Ft int
Fn evSelectFD "evContext ctx" "int fd" "int eventmask" \
"evFileFunc func" "void *uap" "evFileID *id"
Ft int
Fn evDeselectFD "evContext ctx" "evFileID id"
Ft struct iovec
Fn evConsIovec "void *buf" "size_t cnt"
Ft int
Fn evWrite "evContext ctx" "int fd" "const struct iovec *iov" "int cnt" \
"evStreamFunc func" "void *uap" "evStreamID *id"
Ft int
Fn evRead "evContext ctx" "int fd" "const struct iovec *iov" "int cnt" \
"evStreamFunc func" "void *uap" "evStreamID *id"
Ft int
Fn evCancelRW "evContext ctx" "evStreamID id"
Ft int
Fn evTimeRW "evContext opaqueCtx" "evStreamID id" "evTimerID timer"
Ft int
Fn evUntimeRW "evContext opaqueCtx" "evStreamID id"
Ft int
Fn evListen "evContext ctx" "int fd" "int maxconn" \
"evConnFunc func" "void *uap" "evConnID *id"
Ft int
Fn evConnect "evContext ctx" "int fd" "void *ra" "int ralen" \
"evConnFunc func" "void *uap" "evConnID *id"
Ft int
Fn evCancelConn "evContext ctx" "evConnID id"
Ft int
Fn evHold "evContext ctx" "evConnID id"
Ft int
Fn evUnhold "evContext ctx" "evConnID id"
Ft int
Fn evTryAccept "evContext ctx" "evConnID id" "int *sys_errno"
Ft void
Fn evSetDebug "evContext ctx" "int level" "FILE *output"
Ft void
Fn evPrintf "const evContext_p *ctx" "int level" "const char *fmt" "..."
Ft void
Fn evInitID "*\s-1ID\s+1"
Ft int
Fn evTestID "\s-1ID\s+1"
Ft int
Fn evGetOption "evContext *ctx" "const char *option" "int *ret"
Ft int
Fn evSetOption "evContext *ctx" "const char *option" "int val"
Sh DESCRIPTION
This library provides multiple outstanding asynchronous timers and I/O
to a cooperating application.  The model is similar to that of the X
Toolkit, in that events are registered with the library and the application
spends most of its time in the
Fn evMainLoop
function.  If an application already has a main loop, it can safely register
events with this library as long as it periodically calls the
Fn evGetNext
and
Fn evDispatch
functions.  (Note that
Fn evGetNext
has both polling and blocking modes.)
Pp
The function
Fn evCreate
creates an event context which is needed by all the other functions in this
library.  All information used internally by this library is bound to this
context, rather than to static storage.  This makes the library
Dq thread safe ,
and permits other library functions to use events without
disrupting the application's use of events.
Pp
The function
Fn evDestroy
destroys a context that has been created by
Fn evCreate .
All dynamic memory bound to this context will be freed.  An implicit
Fn evTimerClear
will be done on all timers set in this event context.  An implicit
Fn evDeselectFD
will be done on all file descriptors selected in this event context.
Pp
The function
Fn evGetNext
potentially waits for and then retrieves the next asynchronous event,
placing it in the object of the
Fa ev
pointer argument.  The following
Fa options
are available:
Fa EV_POLL ,
meaning that
Fn evGetNext
should not block, but rather return
Dq Fa -1
with
Fa errno
set to
Fa EWOULDBLOCK
if no events have occurred;
Fa EV_WAIT ,
which tells
Fn evGetNext
to block internally until the next event occurs; and
Fa EV_NULL ,
which tells
Fn evGetNext
that it should return a special
Dq no-op
event, which is ignored by
Fn evDispatch
but handled correctly by
Fn evDrop .
Fa EV_NULL
can be necessary to the correct functioning of a caller\-written equivilent to
Fn evMainLoop ,
wherein perterbations caused by external system events must be polled for, and
the default behaviour of internally ignoring such events is undesirable.
Note that
Fa EV_POLL
and
Fa EV_WAIT
are mutually exclusive.
Pp
The function
Fn evDispatch
dispatches an event retrieved by
Fn evGetNext .
This usually involves calling the function that was associated with the event
when the event was registered with
Fn evSetTimer ,
Fn evResetTimer ,
or
Fn evSelectFD .
All events retrieved by
Fn evGetNext
must be given over to
Fn evDispatch
at some point, since there is some dynamic memory associated with each event.
Pp
The function
Fn evDrop
deallocates dynamic memory that has been allocated by
Fn evGetNext .
Calling
Fn evDispatch
has the side effect of calling
Fn evDrop ,
but if you are going to drop the event rather than dispatch it, you will have
to call
Fn evDrop
directly.
Pp
The function
Fn evMainLoop
is just:
Bd -literal -offset indent
while ((x = evGetNext(opaqueCtx, &event, EV_WAIT)) == 0)
       if ((x = evDispatch(opaqueCtx, event)) < 0)
               break;
return (x);
Ed
Pp
In other words, get events and dispatch them until an error occurs.  One such
error would be that all the events under this context become unregistered; in
that event, there will be nothing to wait for and
Fn evGetNext
becomes an undefined operation.
Pp
The function
Fn evConsTime
is a constructor for
Dq Fa struct timespec
which allows these structures to be created and then passed as arguments to
other functions without the use of temporary variables.  (If C had inline
constructors, there would be no need for this function.)
Pp
The functions
Fn evTimeSpec
and
Fn evTimeVal
are utilities which allow the caller to convert a
Dq Fa struct timeval
to a
Dq Fa struct timespec
(the function of
Fn evTimeSpec )
or vice versa (the function of
Fn evTimeVal ) .
Note that the name of the function indicates the type of the return value.
Pp
The function
Fn evAddTime
adds two
Dq Fa struct timespec
values and returns the result as a
Dq Fa struct timespec .
Pp
The function
Fn evSubTime
subtracts its second
Dq Fa struct timespec
argument from its first
Dq Fa struct timespec
argument and returns the result as a
Dq Fa struct timespec .
Pp
The function
Fn evCmpTime
compares its two
Dq Fa struct timespec
arguments and returns an
Dq Fa int
that is less than zero if the first argument specifies an earlier time than
the second, or more than zero if the first argument specifies a later time
than the second, or equal to zero if both arguments specify the same time.
Pp
The function
Fn evNowTime
returns a
Dq Fa struct timespec
which either describes the current time
(using
Xr clock_gettime 2 or
Xr gettimeofday 2 ) ,
if successful, or has its fields set to zero, if there is an error.
(In the latter case, the caller can check
Va errno ,
since it will be set by
Xr gettimeofday 2 . )
The timestamp returned may not be UTC time if
the "monotime" option has been enabled with
Fn evSetOption .
Pp
The function
Fn evUTCTime
is like
Fn evNowTime
except the result is always on the UTC timescale.
Pp
The function
Fn evLastEventTime
returns the
Dq Fa struct timespec
which describes the last time that certain events happened to the
event context indicated by
Fa opaqueCtx .
This value is updated by
Fn evCreate
and
Fn evGetNext
(upon entry and after
Xr select 2
returns); it is routinely compared with other times in the internal handling
of, e.g., timers.
Pp
The function
Fn evSetTimer
registers a timer event, which will be delivered as a function call to the
function specified by the
Fa func
argument.  The event will be delivered at absolute time
Fa due ,
and then if time
Fa inter
is not equal to
Dq Fn evConsTime 0 0 ,
subsequently at intervals equal to time
Fa inter .
As a special case, specifying a
Fa due
argument equal to
Dq Fn evConsTime 0 0
means
Dq due immediately .
The
Fa opaqueID
argument, if specified as a value other than
Fa NULL ,
will be used to store the resulting
Dq timer \s-1ID\s+1 ,
useful as an argument to
Fn evClearTimer .
Note that in a
Dq one\-shot
timer (which has an
Fa inter
argument equal to
Dq Fa evConsTime(0,0) )
the user function
Fa func
should deallocate any dynamic memory that is uniquely bound to the
Fa uap ,
since no handles to this memory will exist within the event library
after a one\-shot timer has been delivered.
Pp
The function
Fn evResetTimer
resets the values of the timer specified by
Fa id
to the given arguments.  The arguments are the same as in the description of
Fn evSetTimer
above.
Pp
The function
Fn evClearTimer
will unregister the timer event specified by
Fa id .
Note that if the
Fa uap
specified in the corresponding
Fn evSetTimer
call is uniquely bound to any dynamic memory, then that dynamic memory should
be freed by the caller before the handle is lost.  After a call to
Fn evClearTimer ,
no handles to this
Fa uap
will exist within the event library.
Pp
The function
Fn evConfigTimer
can be used to manipulate other aspects of a timer.
Currently two modes are defined "rate" and "interval" which affect the
way recurrent timers are scheduled.
The default mode is "interval" where the event gets scheduled
Fa inter
after last time it was run.
If mode "rate" is selected the event gets scheduled
Fa inter
after last time it was scheduled.
For both "rate" and "interval" the numerical argument
Fa value
is ignored.
Pp
The function
Fn evSetIdleTimer
is similar to (and built on)
Fn evSetTimer ;
it registers an idle timer event which provides for the function call to
Fa func
to occur.  However, for an
Em idle
timer, the call will occur after at least
Dq Fa max_idle
time has passed since the time the idle timer was
Dq last touched ;
originally, this is set to the time returned by
Fn evLastEventTime
(described above) for the event context specified by
Fa opaqueCtx .
This is a
Dq one\-shot
timer, but the time at which the
Fa func
is actually called can be changed by recourse to
Fn evTouchIdleTimer
(described below).  The pointer to the underlying
Dq timer \s-1ID\s+1
is returned in
Fa opaqueID ,
if it is
No non- Ns Dv NULL .
Pp
The
Fn evTouchIdleTimer
function updates the idle timer associated with
Fa id ,
setting its idea of the time it was last accessed to the value returned by
Fn evLastEventTime
(described above) for the event context specified by
Fa opaqueCtx .
This means that the idle timer will expire after at least
Fa max_idle
time has passed since this (possibly new) time, providing a caller mechanism
for resetting the call to the
Fa func
associated with the idle timer.  (See the description of
Fn evSetIdleTimer ,
above, for information about
Fa func
and
Fa max_idle . )
Pp
The
Fn evResetIdleTimer
function reschedules a timer and resets the callback function and its argument.
Note that resetting a timer also ``touches'' it.
Pp
The
Fn evClearIdleTimer
function unregisters the idle timer associated with
Fa id .
See the discussion under
Fn evClearTimer ,
above, for information regarding caller handling of the
Fa uap
associated with the corresponding
Fn evSetIdleTimer
call.
Pp
The function
Fn evWaitFor
places the function
Fa func
on the given event context's wait queue with the associated (possibly
Dv NULL )
Dq Fa tag ;
if
Fa id
is
No non- Ns Dv NULL ,
then it will contain the
Dq wait \s-1ID\s+1
associated with the created queue element.
Pp
The function
Fn evDo
marks
Em all
of the
Dq waiting
functions in the given event context's wait queue with the associated (possibly
Dv NULL )
Dq Fa tag
as runnable.  This places these functions in a
Dq done
queue which will be read by
Fn evGetNext .
Pp
The function
Fn evUnwait
will search for the
Dq wait \s-1ID\s+1
Fa id
in the wait queue of the given event context; if an element with the given
Fa id
is not found, then the
Dq done
queue of that context is searched.  If found, the queue element is removed
from the appropriate list.
Pp
The function
Fn evDefer
causes a function (specified as
Fa func ,
with argument
Fa uap )
to be dispatched at some later time.  Note that the
Fa tag
argument to
Fa func
will always be
Fa NULL
when dispatched.
Pp
The function
Fn evSelectFD
registers a file I/O event for the file descriptor specified by
Fa fd .
Bits in the
Fa eventmask
argument are named
Fa EV_READ ,
Fa EV_WRITE ,
and
Fa EV_EXCEPT .
At least one of these bits must be specified.  If the
Fa id
argument is not equal to
Fa NULL ,
it will be used to store a unique ``file event \s-1ID\s+1'' for this event,
which is useful in subsequent calls to
Fn evDeselectFD .
A file descriptor will be made nonblocking using the
Fa O_NONBLOCK
flag with
Xr fcntl 2
on its first concurrent registration via
Fn evSelectFD .
An
Fn evSelectFD
remains in effect until cancelled via
Fn evDeselectFD .
Pp
The function
Fn evDeselectFD
unregisters the ``file event'' specified by the
Fa id
argument.  If the corresponding
Fa uap
uniquely points to dynamic memory, that memory should be freed before its
handle is lost, since after a call to
Fn evDeselectFD ,
no handles to this event's
Fa uap
will remain within the event library.  A file descriptor will be taken out of
nonblocking mode (see
Fa O_NONBLOCK
and
Xr fcntl 2 )
when its last event registration is removed via
Fn evDeselectFD ,
if it was in blocking mode before the first registration via
Fn evSelectFD .
Pp
The function
Fn evConsIovec
is a constructor for a single
Ft struct iovec
structure, which is useful for
Fn evWrite
and
Fn evRead .
Pp
The functions
Fn evWrite
and
Fn evRead
start asynchronous stream I/O operations on file descriptor
Fa fd .
The data to be written or read is in the scatter/gather descriptor specified by
Fa iov
and
Fa cnt .
The supplied function
Fa func
will be called with argument
Fa uap
when the I/O operation is complete.  If
Fa id
is not
Fa NULL ,
it will be filled a with the stream event identifier suitable for use with
Fn evCancelRW .
Pp
The function
Fn evCancelRW
extinguishes an outstanding
Fn evWrite
or
Fn evRead
call.  System I/O calls cannot always be cancelled, but you are guaranteed
that the
Fa func
function supplied to
Fn evWrite
or
Fn evRead
will not be called after a call to
Fn evCancelRW .
Care should be taken not to deallocate or otherwise reuse the space pointed
to by the segment descriptors in
Fa iov
unless the underlying file descriptor is closed first.
Pp
The function
Fn evTimeRW
sets the stream associated with the given stream \s-1ID\s+1
Dq Fa id
to have the idle timer associated with the timer \s-1ID\s+1
Dq Fa timer .
Pp
The function
Fn evUntimeRW
says that the stream associated with the given stream \s-1ID\s+1
Dq Fa id
should ignore its idle timer, if present.
Pp
The functions
Fn evListen ,
Fn evConnect ,
and
Fn evCancelConn
can be used to manage asynchronous incoming and outgoing socket connections.
Sockets to be used with these functions should first be created with
Xr socket 2
and given a local name with
Xr bind 2 .
It is extremely unlikely that the same socket will ever be
useful for both incoming and outgoing connections.  The
Fa id
argument to
Fn evListen
and
Fn evConnect
is either
Fa NULL
or the address of a
Ft evFileID
variable which can then be used in a subsequent call to
Fn evCancelConn .
Pp
After a call to
Fn evListen ,
each incoming connection arriving on
Fa fd
will cause
Fa func
to be called with
Fa uap
as one of its arguments.
Fn evConnect
initiates an outgoing connection on
Fa fd
to destination address
Fa ra
(whose length is
Fa ralen ) .
When the connection is complete,
Fa func
will be called with
Fa uap
as one of its arguments.  The argument
Fa fd
to
Fn \*(lp*func\*(rp
will be
Fa -1
if an error occurred that prevented this connection from completing
successfully.  In this case
Fn errno
will have been set and the socket described by
Fa fd
will have been closed.  The
Fn evCancelConn
function will prevent delivery of all pending and subsequent
events for the outstanding connection.  The
Fn evHold
function will suspend the acceptance of new connections on the listener
specified by
Fa id .
Connections will be queued by the protocol stack up to the system's limit.  The
Fn evUnhold
function will reverse the effects of
Fn evHold ,
allowing incoming connections to be delivered for listener
Fa id .
The
Fn evTryAccept
function will poll the listener specified by
Fa id ,
accepting a new connection if one is available, and queuing a connection event
for later retrieval by
Fn evGetNext .
If the connection event queued is an accept error(), sys_errno will contain
the error code; otherwise it will be zero.  All connection events queued by
Fn evTryAccept
will be delivered by
Fn evGetNext
before a new select is done on the listener.
Pp
The function
Fn evSetDebug
sets the debugging
Fa level
and diagnostic
Fa output
file handle for an event context.  Greater numeric levels will
result in more verbose output being sent to the output FILE during program
execution.
Pp
The function
Fn evPrintf
prints a message with the format
Dq Fa fmt
and the following arguments (if any), on the output stream associated
with the event context pointed to by
Fa ctx .
The message is output if the event context's debug level is greater than
or equal to the indicated
Fa level .
Pp
The function
Fn evInitID
will initialize an opaque
Dq evConn \s-1ID\s+1 ,
Dq evFile \s-1ID\s+1 ,
Dq evStream \s-1ID\s+1 ,
Dq evTimer \s-1ID\s+1 ,
Dq evWait \s-1ID\s+1 ,
Dq evContext ,
or
Dq evEvent ,
which is passed by reference to a state which
Fn evTestID
will recognize.
This is useful to make a handle as "not in use".
Pp
The function
Fn evTestID
will examine an opaque \s-1ID\s+1 and return
Dq TRUE
only if it is not in its initialized state.
Pp
The functions
Fn evGetOption
and
Fn evSetOption
can be used to inspect and modify options.
Currently there is only one option,  "monotime" and it is global for all
instances of eventlib so the ctx argument must be passed as NULL.
Pp
The default value for the "monotime" option is zero which selects
the UTC timescale.
When set to a value of one, eventlib will use the
CLOCK_MONOTONIC timescale from
Xr clock_gettime
instead.
The CLOCK_MONOTONIC timescale is never stepped and should
run at a rate as close to TAI as possible, so it is unaffected
when the system clock is set.
If timerevents should run at a predictable rate, set the value
to one, of they should run at a predictable time of day, leave
it at zero.
If the CLOCK_MONOTONIC timescale is not available on the system,
attempts to set/get this option will fail.
Sh RETURN VALUES
All the functions whose return type is
Dq Fa int
use the standard convention of returning zero (0) to indicate success, or
returning
Dq Fa -1
and setting
Fa errno
to indicate failure.
Sh FILE
Pa heap.h ,
which is in the
Pa src/lib/isc
directory of the current
Sy BIND
distribution.
Sh ERRORS
The possible values for
Fa errno
when one of the
Dq Fa int
functions in this library returns
Dq Fa -1
include those of the Standard C Library and also:
Bl -tag -width EWOULDBLOCKAA
It Bq Er EINVAL
Some function argument has an unreasonable value.
It Bq Er EINVAL
The specified file descriptor has an integer value greater than the default
Fa FD_SETSIZE ,
meaning that the application's limit is higher than the library's.
It Bq Er ENOENT
The specified
Dq event \s-1ID\s+1
does not exist.
It Bq Er EWOULDBLOCK
No events have occurred and the
Fa EV_POLL
option was specified.
It Bq Er EBADF
The specified signal was unblocked outside the library.
El
Sh SEE ALSO
Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
Xr select 2 ,
Xr fcntl 3 ,
Xr malloc 3 ,
Xr @INDOT@named @SYS_OPS_EXT@ ,
Xr readv 3 ,
Xr writev 3 .
Sh BUGS
This huge man page needs to be broken up into a handful of smaller ones.
Sh HISTORY
The
Nm eventlib
library was designed by Paul Vixie with excellent advice from his friends
and with tips 'o the cap to the X Consortium and the implementors of DEC SRC
Modula-3.

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