# $File: virtual,v 1.17 2022/08/23 08:00:54 christos Exp $

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: virtual,v 1.17 2022/08/23 08:00:54 christos Exp $
# From: James Nobis <[email protected]>
# Microsoft hard disk images for:
# Virtual Server
# Virtual PC
# VirtualBox
# URL: http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/VHD_(Virtual_Hard_Disk)
# Reference: https://download.microsoft.com/download/f/f/e/ffef50a5-07dd-4cf8-aaa3-442c0673a029/
# Virtual%20Hard%20Disk%20Format%20Spec_10_18_06.doc
0 string conectix Microsoft Disk Image, Virtual Server or Virtual PC
# alternative shorter names
#0 string conectix Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk image
#0 string conectix Microsoft Virtual HD image
!:mime application/x-virtualbox-vhd
!:ext vhd
# Features is a bit field used to indicate specific feature support
#>8 ubelong !0x00000002 \b, Features %#x
# Reserved. This bit must always be set to 1.
#>8 ubelong &0x00000002 \b, Reserved %#x
# File Format Version for the current specification 0x00010000
#>12 ubelong !0x00010000 \b, Version %#8.8x
# Data Offset only found 0x200
#>16 ubequad !0x200 \b, Data Offset %#llx
#>16 ubequad x \b, at %#llx
# Dynamic Disk Header cookie like cxsparse
#>(16.Q) string x "%-.8s"
# This field contains a Unicode string (UTF-16) of the parent hard disk filename
#>(16.Q+64) ubequad x \b, parent name %#llx
# Creator Application
# vpc~Microsoft Virtual PC, vs~Microsoft Virtual Server, vbox~VirtualBox, d2v~disk2vhd
>28 string x \b, Creator %-4.4s
# Creator Version: 0x00010000~Virtual Server 2004, 0x00050000~Virtual PC 2004
# holds the major/minor version of the application that created the image
>32 ubeshort x %x
>34 ubeshort x \b.%x
#>32 ubelong x \b, Version %#8.8x
# Creator Host OS: 0x5769326B~Windows (Wi2k), 0x4D616320~Macintosh (Mac)
>36 ubelong x (
>>36 ubelong 0x5769326B \bW2k
>>36 ubelong 0x4D616320 \bMac
>>36 default x \b0x
>>>36 ubelong x \b%8.8x
# creation Time in seconds since 1 Jan 2000 UTC~946684800 sec. since Unix Epoch
>24 bedate+946684800 x \b) %s
# Original Size
#>40 ubequad x \b, o.-Size %#llx
# Current Size is same as original size, but change when disk is expanded
#>48 ubequad x \b, Size %#llx
>48 ubequad x \b, %llu bytes
# Disk Geometry: cylinder, heads, and sectors/track for hard disk
#>56 ubeshort x \b, Cylinder %#x
>56 ubeshort x \b, CHS %u
# Heads
#>58 ubyte x \b, Heads %#x
>58 ubyte x \b/%u
# Sectors per track
#>59 ubyte x \b, Sectors %#x
>59 ubyte x \b/%u
# Disk Type: 3~Dynamic hard disk
>60 ubelong !0x3 \b, type %#x
# Checksum
#>64 ubelong x \b, cksum %#x
# universally unique identifier (UUID) to associate a parent with its differencing image
#>68 ubequad x \b, id %#16.16llx
#>76 ubequad x \b-%16.16llx
# Saved State: 1~Saved State
>84 ubyte !0 \b, State %#x
# Reserved 427 bytes with nils
#>85 ubequad !0 \b, Reserved %#16.16llx

# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt740058.aspx
# Reference: https://winprotocoldoc.blob.core.windows.net/productionwindowsarchives/
# MS-VHDX/[MS-VHDX].pdf
# Note: extends the VHD format with new capabilities, such as a 16TB maximum size
# TODO: find and display values like virtual size, disk size, cluster_size, etc
# display id in GUID format
#
# VHDX_FILE_IDENTIFIER signature 0x656C696678646876
0 string vhdxfile
# VHDX_HEADER signature. 1 header is stored at offset 64KB and the other at 128KB
>0x10000 string head Microsoft Disk Image eXtended
#>0x20000 string head \b, 2nd header
#!:mime application/x-virtualbox-vhdx
!:ext vhdx
# Creator[256] like "QEMU v3.0.0", "Microsoft Windows 6.3.9600.18512"
>>8 lestring16 x \b, by %.256s
# The Checksum field is a CRC-32C hash over the entire 4 KB structure
#>>0x10004 ulelong x \b, CRC %#x
# SequenceNumber
>>0x10008 ulequad x \b, sequence %#llx
# FileWriteGuid
#>>0x10010 ubequad x \b, file id %#llx
#>>>0x10018 ubequad x \b-%llx
# DataWriteGuid
#>>0x10020 ubequad x \b, data id %#llx
#>>>0x10028 ubequad x \b-%llx
# LogGuid. If this field is zero, then the log is empty or has no valid entries
>>0x10030 ubequad >0 \b, log id %#llx
>>>0x10038 ubequad x \b-%llx
# LogVersion. If not 0 there is a log to replay
>>0x10040 uleshort >0 \b, LogVersion %#x
# Version. This field must be set to 1
>>0x10042 uleshort !1 \b, Version %#x
# LogLength must be multiples of 1 MB
>>0x10044 ulelong/1048576 >1 \b, LogLength %u MB
# LogOffset (normally 0x100000 when log direct after header); multiples of 1 MB
>>0x10048 ulequad !0x100000 \b, LogOffset %#llx
# Log Entry Signature must be 0x65676F6C~loge
>>(0x10048.q) ulelong !0x65676F6C \b, NO Log Signature
>>(0x10048.q) ulelong =0x65676F6C \b; LOG
# Log Entry Checksum
#>>>(0x10048.q+4) ulelong x \b, Log CRC %#x
# Log Entry Length must be a multiple of 4 KB
>>>(0x10048.q+8) ulelong/1024 >4 \b, EntryLength %u KB
# Log Entry Tail must be a multiple of 4 KB
#>>>(0x10048.q+12) ulelong x \b, Tail %#x
# Log Entry SequenceNumber
#>>>(0x10048.q+16) ulequad x \b, # %#llx
# Log Entry DescriptorCount may be zero. only 4 bytes in other docs instead 8
#>>>(0x10048.q+24) ulelong x \b, DescriptorCount %#llx
# Log Entry Reserved must be set to 0
>>>(0x10048.q+28) ulelong !0 \b, Reserved %#x
# Log Entry LogGuid
#>>>(0x10048.q+32) ubequad x \b, Log id %#llx
#>>>(0x10048.q+40) ubequad x \b-%llx
# Log Entry FlushedFileOffset should VHDX size when entry is written.
#>>>(0x10048.q+48) ulequad x \b, FlushedFileOffset %llu
# Log Entry LastFileOffset
#>>>(0x10048.q+56) ulequad x \b, LastFileOffset %llu
# filling
#>>>(0x10048.q+64) ulequad >0 \b, filling %llx
# Reserved[4016]
#>>0x10050 ulequad >0 \b, Reserved %#llx
# VHDX_REGION_TABLE_HEADER Signature 0x69676572~regi at offset 192 KB and 256 KB
>0x30000 ulelong !0x69676572 \b, 1st region INVALID
>0x30000 ulelong =0x69676572 \b; region
# region Checksum. CRC-32C hash over the entire 64-KB table
#>>0x30004 ulelong x \b, CRC %#x
# The EntryCount specifies number of valid entries; Found 2; This must be =< 2047.
>>0x30008 ulelong x \b, %u entries
# reserved must be zero
#>>0x3000C ulelong !0 \b, RESERVED %#x
# Region Table Entry starts with identifier for the object. often BAT id
>>0x30010 use vhdx-id
# FileOffset
>>0x30020 ulequad x \b, at %#llx
# Length. Specifies the length of the object within the file
#>>0x30028 ulelong x \b, Length %#x
# 1 means region entry is required. if region not recognized, then REFUSE to load VHDX
>>0x3002C ulelong x \b, Required %u
# 2nd region entry often metadata id
>>0x30030 use vhdx-id
# 2nd entry FileOffset
>>0x30040 ulequad x \b, at %#llx
# 1 means region entry is required. if region not recognized, then REFUSE to load VHDX
>>0x3004C ulelong x \b, Required %u
# 2nd region
>>0x40000 ulelong !0x69676572 \b, 2nd region INVALID
# check in vhdx images for known id and show names instead hexadecimal
0 name vhdx-id
# https://www.windowstricks.in/online-windows-guid-converter
# 2DC27766-F623-4200-9D64-115E9BFD4A08 BAT GUID
# 6677C22D23F600429D64115E9BFD4A08 BAT ID
>0 ubequad =0x6677C22D23F60042
>>8 ubequad =0x9D64115E9BFD4A08 \b, id BAT
# no BAT id
>>8 default x
>>>0 use vhdx-id-hex
# 8B7CA206-4790-4B9A-B8FE-575F050F886E Metadata region GUID
# 06A27C8B90479A4BB8FE575F050F886E Metadata region ID
>0 ubequad =0x06A27C8B90479A4B
>>8 ubequad =0xB8FE575F050F886E \b, id Metadata
# no Metadata id
>>8 default x
>>>0 use vhdx-id-hex
# 2FA54224-CD1B-4876-B211-5DBED83BF4B8 Virtual Disk Size GUID
# 2442A52F1BCD7648B2115DBED83BF4B8 Virtual Disk Size ID
# value "virtual size" can be verified by command `qemu-img info `
>0 ubequad =0x2442A52F1BCD7648
>>8 ubequad =0xB2115DBED83BF4B8 \b, id vsize
# no Virtual Disk Size ID
>>8 default x
>>>0 use vhdx-id-hex
# other ids
>0 default x
>>0 use vhdx-id-hex
# in vhdx images show id as hexadecimal
0 name vhdx-id-hex
>0 ubequad x \b, ID %#16.16llx
>8 ubequad x \b-%16.16llx
#
# libvirt
# From: Philipp Hahn <[email protected]>
0 string LibvirtQemudSave Libvirt QEMU Suspend Image
>0x10 lelong x \b, version %u
>0x14 lelong x \b, XML length %u
>0x18 lelong 1 \b, running
>0x1c lelong 1 \b, compressed

0 string LibvirtQemudPart Libvirt QEMU partial Suspend Image
# From: Alex Beregszaszi <[email protected]>
0 string/b COWD VMWare3
>4 byte 3 disk image
>>32 lelong x (%d/
>>36 lelong x \b%d/
>>40 lelong x \b%d)
>4 byte 2 undoable disk image
>>32 string >\0 (%s)

0 string/b VMDK VMware4 disk image
0 string/b KDMV VMware4 disk image

#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# Qemu Emulator Images
# Lines written by Friedrich Schwittay ([email protected])
# Updated by Adam Buchbinder ([email protected])
# Made by reading sources, reading documentation, and doing trial and error
# on existing QCOW files
0 string/b QFI\xFB QEMU QCOW Image
!:mime application/x-qemu-disk

# Uncomment the following line to display Magic (only used for debugging
# this magic number)
#>0 string/b x , Magic: %s

# There are currently 2 Versions: "1" and "2".
# https://www.gnome.org/~markmc/qcow-image-format-version-1.html
>4 belong x (v%d)

# Using the existence of the Backing File Offset to determine whether
# to read Backing File Information
>>12 belong >0 \b, has backing file (
# Note that this isn't a null-terminated string; the length is actually
# (16.L). Assuming a null-terminated string happens to work usually, but it
# may spew junk until it reaches a \0 in some cases.
>>>(12.L) string >\0 \bpath %s

# Modification time of the Backing File
# Really useful if you want to know if your backing
# file is still usable together with this image
>>>>20 bedate >0 \b, mtime %s)
>>>>20 default x \b)

# Size is stored in bytes in a big-endian u64.
>>24 bequad x \b, %lld bytes

# 1 for AES encryption, 0 for none.
>>36 belong 1 \b, AES-encrypted

# https://www.gnome.org/~markmc/qcow-image-format.html
>4 belong 2 (v2)
# Using the existence of the Backing File Offset to determine whether
# to read Backing File Information
>>8 bequad >0 \b, has backing file
# Note that this isn't a null-terminated string; the length is actually
# (16.L). Assuming a null-terminated string happens to work usually, but it
# may spew junk until it reaches a \0 in some cases. Also, since there's no
# .Q modifier, we just use the bottom four bytes as an offset. Note that if
# the file is over 4G, and the backing file path is stored after the first 4G,
# the wrong filename will be printed. (This should be (8.Q), when that syntax
# is introduced.)
>>>(12.L) string >\0 (path %s)
>>24 bequad x \b, %lld bytes
>>32 belong 1 \b, AES-encrypted

>4 belong 3 (v3)
# Using the existence of the Backing File Offset to determine whether
# to read Backing File Information
>>8 bequad >0 \b, has backing file
# Note that this isn't a null-terminated string; the length is actually
# (16.L). Assuming a null-terminated string happens to work usually, but it
# may spew junk until it reaches a \0 in some cases. Also, since there's no
# .Q modifier, we just use the bottom four bytes as an offset. Note that if
# the file is over 4G, and the backing file path is stored after the first 4G,
# the wrong filename will be printed. (This should be (8.Q), when that syntax
# is introduced.)
>>>(12.L) string >\0 (path %s)
>>24 bequad x \b, %lld bytes
>>32 belong 1 \b, AES-encrypted

>4 default x (unknown version)

0 string/b QEVM QEMU suspend to disk image

# QEMU QED Image
# https://wiki.qemu.org/Features/QED/Specification
0 string/b QED\0 QEMU QED Image

# VDI Image
# Sun xVM VirtualBox Disk Image
# From: Richard W.M. Jones <[email protected]>
# VirtualBox Disk Image
0x40 ulelong 0xbeda107f VirtualBox Disk Image
>0x44 uleshort >0 \b, major %u
>0x46 uleshort >0 \b, minor %u
>0 string >\0 (%s)
>368 lequad x \b, %lld bytes

0 string/b Bochs\ Virtual\ HD\ Image Bochs disk image,
>32 string x type %s,
>48 string x subtype %s

0 lelong 0x02468ace Bochs Sparse disk image