# $File: linux,v 1.85 2023/07/17 14:40:09 christos Exp $

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: linux,v 1.85 2023/07/17 14:40:09 christos Exp $
# linux: file(1) magic for Linux files
#
# Values for Linux/i386 binaries, from Daniel Quinlan <[email protected]>
# The following basic Linux magic is useful for reference, but using
# "long" magic is a better practice in order to avoid collisions.
#
# 2 leshort 100 Linux/i386
# >0 leshort 0407 impure executable (OMAGIC)
# >0 leshort 0410 pure executable (NMAGIC)
# >0 leshort 0413 demand-paged executable (ZMAGIC)
# >0 leshort 0314 demand-paged executable (QMAGIC)
#
0 lelong 0x00640107 Linux/i386 impure executable (OMAGIC)
>16 lelong 0 \b, stripped
0 lelong 0x00640108 Linux/i386 pure executable (NMAGIC)
>16 lelong 0 \b, stripped
0 lelong 0x0064010b Linux/i386 demand-paged executable (ZMAGIC)
>16 lelong 0 \b, stripped
0 lelong 0x006400cc Linux/i386 demand-paged executable (QMAGIC)
>16 lelong 0 \b, stripped
#
0 string \007\001\000 Linux/i386 object file
>20 lelong >0x1020 \b, DLL library
# Linux-8086 stuff:
0 string \01\03\020\04 Linux-8086 impure executable
>28 long !0 not stripped
0 string \01\03\040\04 Linux-8086 executable
>28 long !0 not stripped
#
0 string \243\206\001\0 Linux-8086 object file
#
0 string \01\03\020\20 Minix-386 impure executable
>28 long !0 not stripped
0 string \01\03\040\20 Minix-386 executable
>28 long !0 not stripped
0 string \01\03\04\20 Minix-386 NSYM/GNU executable
>28 long !0 not stripped
# core dump file, from Bill Reynolds <[email protected]>
216 lelong 0421 Linux/i386 core file
!:strength / 2
>220 string >\0 of '%s'
>200 lelong >0 (signal %d)
#
# LILO boot/chain loaders, from Daniel Quinlan <[email protected]>
# this can be overridden by the DOS executable (COM) entry
2 string LILO Linux/i386 LILO boot/chain loader
#
# Linux make config build file, from Ole Aamot <[email protected]>
# Updated by Ken Sharp
28 string make\ config Linux make config build file (old)
49 search/70 Kernel\ Configuration Linux make config build file

#
# PSF fonts, from H. Peter Anvin <[email protected]>
# Updated by Adam Buchbinder <[email protected]>
# See: https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-1.html
0 leshort 0x0436 Linux/i386 PC Screen Font v1 data,
>2 byte&0x01 0 256 characters,
>2 byte&0x01 !0 512 characters,
>2 byte&0x02 0 no directory,
>2 byte&0x02 !0 Unicode directory,
>3 byte >0 8x%d
0 string \x72\xb5\x4a\x86\x00\x00 Linux/i386 PC Screen Font v2 data,
>16 lelong x %d characters,
>12 lelong&0x01 0 no directory,
>12 lelong&0x01 !0 Unicode directory,
>28 lelong x %d
>24 lelong x \bx%d

# Linux swap and hibernate files
# Linux kernel: include/linux/swap.h
# util-linux: libblkid/src/superblocks/swap.c

# format v0, unsupported since 2002
0xff6 string SWAP-SPACE Linux old swap file, 4k page size
0x1ff6 string SWAP-SPACE Linux old swap file, 8k page size
0x3ff6 string SWAP-SPACE Linux old swap file, 16k page size
0x7ff6 string SWAP-SPACE Linux old swap file, 32k page size
0xfff6 string SWAP-SPACE Linux old swap file, 64k page size

# format v1, supported since 1998
0 name linux-swap
>0x400 lelong 1 little endian, version %u,
>>0x404 lelong x size %u pages,
>>0x408 lelong x %u bad pages,
>0x400 belong 1 big endian, version %u,
>>0x404 belong x size %u pages,
>>0x408 belong x %u bad pages,
>0x41c string \0 no label,
>0x41c string >\0 LABEL=%s,
>0x40c ubelong x UUID=%08x
>0x410 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x412 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x414 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x416 ubelong x \b-%08x
>0x41a ubeshort x \b%04x

0xff6 string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 4k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
0x1ff6 string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 8k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
0x3ff6 string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 16k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
0x7ff6 string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 32k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
0xfff6 string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 64k page size,
>0 use linux-swap

0 name linux-hibernate
>0 string S1SUSPEND \b, with SWSUSP1 image
>0 string S2SUSPEND \b, with SWSUSP2 image
>0 string ULSUSPEND \b, with uswsusp image
>0 string LINHIB0001 \b, with compressed hibernate image
>0 string \xed\xc3\x02\xe9\x98\x56\xe5\x0c \b, with tuxonice image
>0 default x \b, with unknown hibernate image

0xfec string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 4k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
>0xff6 use linux-hibernate
0x1fec string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 8k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
>0x1ff6 use linux-hibernate
0x3fec string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 16k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
>0x3ff6 use linux-hibernate
0x7fec string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 32k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
>0x7ff6 use linux-hibernate
0xffec string SWAPSPACE2 Linux swap file, 64k page size,
>0 use linux-swap
>0xfff6 use linux-hibernate

#
# Linux kernel boot images, from Albert Cahalan <[email protected]>
# and others such as Axel Kohlmeyer <[email protected]>
# and Nicolas Lichtmaier <[email protected]>
# All known start with: b8 c0 07 8e d8 b8 00 90 8e c0 b9 00 01 29 f6 29
# Linux kernel boot images (i386 arch) (Wolfram Kleff)
# URL: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/x86/boot.txt
514 string HdrS Linux kernel
!:strength + 55
# often no extension like in linux, vmlinuz, bzimage or memdisk but sometimes
# Acronis Recovery kernel64.dat and Plop Boot Manager plpbtrom.bin
# DamnSmallLinux 1.5 damnsmll.lnx
!:ext /dat/bin/lnx
>510 leshort 0xAA55 x86 boot executable
>>518 leshort >0x1ff
>>>529 byte 0 zImage,
>>>529 byte 1 bzImage,
>>>526 lelong >0
>>>>(526.s+0x200) string >\0 version %s,
>>498 leshort 1 RO-rootFS,
>>498 leshort 0 RW-rootFS,
>>508 leshort >0 root_dev %#X,
>>502 leshort >0 swap_dev %#X,
>>504 leshort >0 RAMdisksize %u KB,
>>506 leshort 0xFFFF Normal VGA
>>506 leshort 0xFFFE Extended VGA
>>506 leshort 0xFFFD Prompt for Videomode
>>506 leshort >0 Video mode %d
# This also matches new kernels, which were caught above by "HdrS".
0 belong 0xb8c0078e Linux kernel
>0x1e3 string Loading version 1.3.79 or older
>0x1e9 string Loading from prehistoric times

# System.map files - Nicolas Lichtmaier <[email protected]>
8 search/1 \ A\ _text Linux kernel symbol map text

# LSM entries - Nicolas Lichtmaier <[email protected]>
0 search/1 Begin3 Linux Software Map entry text
0 search/1 Begin4 Linux Software Map entry text (new format)

# From Matt Zimmerman, enhanced for v3 by Matthew Palmer
0 belong 0x4f4f4f4d User-mode Linux COW file
>4 belong <3 \b, version %d
>>8 string >\0 \b, backing file %s
>4 belong >2 \b, version %d
>>32 string >\0 \b, backing file %s

############################################################################
# Linux kernel versions

0 string \xb8\xc0\x07\x8e\xd8\xb8\x00\x90 Linux
>497 leshort 0 x86 boot sector
>>514 belong 0x8e of a kernel from the dawn of time!
>>514 belong 0x908ed8b4 version 0.99-1.1.42
>>514 belong 0x908ed8b8 for memtest86

>497 leshort !0 x86 kernel
>>504 leshort >0 RAMdisksize=%u KB
>>502 leshort >0 swap=%#X
>>508 leshort >0 root=%#X
>>>498 leshort 1 \b-ro
>>>498 leshort 0 \b-rw
>>506 leshort 0xFFFF vga=normal
>>506 leshort 0xFFFE vga=extended
>>506 leshort 0xFFFD vga=ask
>>506 leshort >0 vga=%d
>>514 belong 0x908ed881 version 1.1.43-1.1.45
>>514 belong 0x15b281cd
>>>0xa8e belong 0x55AA5a5a version 1.1.46-1.2.13,1.3.0
>>>0xa99 belong 0x55AA5a5a version 1.3.1,2
>>>0xaa3 belong 0x55AA5a5a version 1.3.3-1.3.30
>>>0xaa6 belong 0x55AA5a5a version 1.3.31-1.3.41
>>>0xb2b belong 0x55AA5a5a version 1.3.42-1.3.45
>>>0xaf7 belong 0x55AA5a5a version 1.3.46-1.3.72
>>514 string HdrS
>>>518 leshort >0x1FF
>>>>529 byte 0 \b, zImage
>>>>529 byte 1 \b, bzImage
>>>>(526.s+0x200) string >\0 \b, version %s

# Linux boot sector thefts.
0 belong 0xb8c0078e Linux
>0x1e6 belong 0x454c4b53 ELKS Kernel
>0x1e6 belong !0x454c4b53 style boot sector

############################################################################
# Linux S390 kernel image
# Created by: Jan Kaluza <[email protected]>
8 string \x02\x00\x00\x18\x60\x00\x00\x50\x02\x00\x00\x68\x60\x00\x00\x50\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40 Linux S390
>0x00010000 search/b/4096 \x00\x0a\x00\x00\x8b\xad\xcc\xcc
# 64bit
>>&0 string \xc1\x00\xef\xe3\xf0\x68\x00\x00 Z10 64bit kernel
>>&0 string \xc1\x00\xef\xc3\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z9-109 64bit kernel
>>&0 string \xc0\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z990 64bit kernel
>>&0 string \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z900 64bit kernel
# 32bit
>>&0 string \x81\x00\xc8\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z10 32bit kernel
>>&0 string \x81\x00\xc8\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z9-109 32bit kernel
>>&0 string \x80\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z990 32bit kernel
>>&0 string \x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z900 32bit kernel

############################################################################
# Linux ARM compressed kernel image
# From: Kevin Cernekee <[email protected]>
# Update: Joerg Jenderek
0x24 lelong 0x016f2818 Linux kernel ARM boot executable zImage
# There are three possible situations: LE, BE with LE bootloader and pure BE.
# In order to aid telling these apart a new endian flag was added. In order
# to support kernels before the flag and BE with LE bootloader was added we'll
# do a negative check against the BE variant of the flag when we see a LE magic.
>0x30 belong !0x04030201 (little-endian)
# raspian "kernel7.img", Vu+ Ultimo4K "kernel_auto.bin"
!:ext img/bin
>0x30 belong 0x04030201 (big-endian)
0x24 belong 0x016f2818 Linux kernel ARM boot executable zImage (big-endian)

############################################################################
# Linux AARCH64 kernel image
0x38 lelong 0x644d5241 Linux kernel ARM64 boot executable Image
>0x18 lelong ^1 \b, little-endian
>0x18 lelong &1 \b, big-endian
>0x18 lelong &2 \b, 4K pages
>0x18 lelong &4 \b, 16K pages
>0x18 lelong &6 \b, 32K pages

############################################################################
# Linux 8086 executable
0 lelong&0xFF0000FF 0xC30000E9 Linux-Dev86 executable, headerless
>5 string .
>>4 string >\0 \b, libc version %s

0 lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0x4000301 Linux-8086 executable
>2 byte&0x01 !0 \b, unmapped zero page
>2 byte&0x20 0 \b, impure
>2 byte&0x20 !0
>>2 byte&0x10 !0 \b, A_EXEC
>2 byte&0x02 !0 \b, A_PAL
>2 byte&0x04 !0 \b, A_NSYM
>2 byte&0x08 !0 \b, A_STAND
>2 byte&0x40 !0 \b, A_PURE
>2 byte&0x80 !0 \b, A_TOVLY
>28 long !0 \b, not stripped
>37 string .
>>36 string >\0 \b, libc version %s

# 0 lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0x10000301 ld86 I80386 executable
# 0 lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0xB000301 ld86 M68K executable
# 0 lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0xC000301 ld86 NS16K executable
# 0 lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0x17000301 ld86 SPARC executable

# SYSLINUX boot logo files (from 'ppmtolss16' sources)
# https://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/SYSLINUX#Display_graphic_from_filename:
# file extension .lss .16
0 lelong =0x1413f33d SYSLINUX' LSS16 image data
# syslinux-4.05/mime/image/x-lss16.xml
!:mime image/x-lss16
>4 leshort x \b, width %d
>6 leshort x \b, height %d

0 string OOOM User-Mode-Linux's Copy-On-Write disk image
>4 belong x version %d

# SE Linux policy database
# From: Mike Frysinger <[email protected]>
0 lelong 0xf97cff8c SE Linux policy
>16 lelong x v%d
>20 lelong 1 MLS
>24 lelong x %d symbols
>28 lelong x %d ocons

# Linux Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
# Emmanuel VARAGNAT <[email protected]>
#
# System ID, UUID and volume group name are 128 bytes long
# but they should never be full and initialized with zeros...
#
# LVM1
#
0x0 string/b HM\001 LVM1 (Linux Logical Volume Manager), version 1
>0x12c string/b >\0 , System ID: %s

0x0 string/b HM\002 LVM1 (Linux Logical Volume Manager), version 2
>0x12c string/b >\0 , System ID: %s

# LVM2
#
# It seems that the label header can be in one the four first sector
# of the disk... (from _find_labeller in lib/label/label.c of LVM2)
#
# 0x200 seems to be the common case
0 name lvm2
# display UUID in LVM format + display all 32 bytes (instead of max string length: 31)
>0x0 string >\x2f \b, UUID: %.6s
>0x6 string >\x2f \b-%.4s
>0xa string >\x2f \b-%.4s
>0xe string >\x2f \b-%.4s
>0x12 string >\x2f \b-%.4s
>0x16 string >\x2f \b-%.4s
>0x1a string >\x2f \b-%.6s
>0x20 lequad x \b, size: %lld

# read the offset to add to the start of the header, and the header
# start in 0x200
0x218 string/b LVM2\ 001 LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
>&(&-12.l-0x20) use lvm2

0x018 string/b LVM2\ 001 LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
>&(&-12.l-0x20) use lvm2

0x418 string/b LVM2\ 001 LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
>&(&-12.l-0x20) use lvm2

0x618 string/b LVM2\ 001 LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
>&(&-12.l-0x20) use lvm2

# LVM snapshot
# from Jason Farrel
0 string SnAp LVM Snapshot (CopyOnWrite store)
>4 lelong !0 - valid,
>4 lelong 0 - invalid,
>8 lelong x version %d,
>12 lelong x chunk_size %d

# SE Linux policy database
0 lelong 0xf97cff8c SE Linux policy
>16 lelong x v%d
>20 lelong 1 MLS
>24 lelong x %d symbols
>28 lelong x %d ocons

# Summary: Xen saved domain file
# Created by: Radek Vokal <[email protected]>
0 string LinuxGuestRecord Xen saved domain
>20 search/256 (name
>>&1 string x (name %s)

# Type: Xen, the virtual machine monitor
# From: Radek Vokal <[email protected]>
0 string LinuxGuestRecord Xen saved domain
#>2 regex $name\ [^)]*$ %s
>20 search/256 (name (name
>>&1 string x %s...)

# Systemd journald files
# See https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/journal-files/.
# From: Zbigniew Jedrzejewski-Szmek <[email protected]>
# Update: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://systemd.io/JOURNAL_FILE_FORMAT/
# Reference: http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/j/journal-sysd.trid.xml
# Note: called "systemd journal" by TrID
# verified by `journalctl --file=user-1000.journal`
# check magic signature[8]
0 string LPKSHHRH
# check that state is one of known values
# STATE_OFFLINE~0 STATE_ONLINE~1 STATE_ARCHIVED~2
>16 ubyte&252 0
# check that each half of three unique id128s is non-zero
# file_id
>>24 ubequad >0
>>>32 ubequad >0
# machine_id
>>>>40 ubequad >0
>>>>>48 ubequad >0
# boot_id; last writer
>>>>>>56 ubequad >0
>>>>>>>64 ubequad >0 Journal file
#!:mime application/octet-stream
!:mime application/x-linux-journal
# provide more info
# head_entry_realtime; contains a POSIX timestamp stored in microseconds
>>>>>>>>184 leqdate/1000000 !0 \b, %s
>>>>>>>>184 leqdate 0 empty
# If a file is closed after writing the state field should be set to STATE_OFFLINE
>>>>>>>>16 ubyte 0 \b,
# for offline and empty only journal~ extension found
>>>>>>>>>184 leqdate 0 offline
# https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/systemd-journald.service.8.html
# GRR: add char ~ inside parse_ext in ../../src/apprentice.c to avoid in file version 5.44 error like:
# Magdir/linux, 463: Warning: EXTENSION type ` journal~' has bad char '~'
!:ext journal~
# for offline and non empty often *.journal~ but also user-1001.journal
>>>>>>>>>184 leqdate !0 offline
!:ext journal/journal~
# if a file is opened for writing the state field should be set to STATE_ONLINE
>>>>>>>>16 ubyte 1 \b,
# for online and empty only journal~ extension found
>>>>>>>>>184 leqdate 0 online
# [email protected]~
!:ext journal~
# for online and non empty only journal extension found
>>>>>>>>>184 leqdate !0 online
# system.journal user-1000.journal
!:ext journal
# after a file has been rotated it should be set to STATE_ARCHIVED
>>>>>>>>16 ubyte 2 \b, archived
!:ext journal
# no *.journal~ found
#!:ext journal/journal~
# compatible_flags
>>>>>>>>8 ulelong&1 1 \b, sealed
# incompatible_flags; COMPRESSED_XZ~1 COMPRESSED_LZ4~2 KEYED_HASH~4 COMPRESSED_ZSTD~8 COMPACT~16
#>>>>>>>>12 ulelong x FLAGS=%#x
>>>>>>>>12 ulelong&1 1 \b, compressed
>>>>>>>>12 ulelong&2 !0 \b, compressed lz4
>>>>>>>>12 ulelong&4 !0 \b, keyed hash siphash24
>>>>>>>>12 ulelong&8 !0 \b, compressed zstd
>>>>>>>>12 ulelong&16 !0 \b, compact
# uint8_t reserved[7]; apparently nil
#>>17 long !0 \b, reserved %#8.8x
# seqnum_id; like: 0 e623691afec94b5aa968ae2d726c49cc f98b2af481924b29 8d6816ca3639edc6
#>>>>>>>>72 ubequad x \b, seqnum_id %#16.16llx
#>>>>>>>>80 ubequad x b%16.16llx
# header_size like: 100h
>>>>>>>>88 ulequad !0x100h \b, header size %#llx
# arena_size like: 0 7fff00h ffff00h 17fff00h
#>>>>>>>>96 ulequad >0 \b, arena size %#llx
# data_hash_table_offset like: 0 15f0h 15f0h
#>>>>>>>>104 ulequad >0 \b, hash table offset %#llx
# data_hash_table_size like: 0 38e380h
#>>>>>>>>112 ulequad >0 \b, hash table size %#llx
# field_hash_table_offset like: 0 110h
#>>>>>>>>120 ulequad >0 \b, field hash table offset %#llx
# field_hash_table_size like: 0 14d0h
#>>>>>>>>128 ulequad >0 \b, field hash table size %#llx
# tail_object_offset like: 0 43edd8h 511278h c68968h d487d0h efaa98h
#>>>>>>>>136 ulequad >0 \b, tail object offset %#llx
# n_objects like: 0 1032h 5a2eh 92bdh a8b5h aa75h 112adh 40c23h 4714eh
#>>>>>>>>144 ulequad >0 \b, objects %#llx
# n_entries like: 0 3aeh 235ah 2dc4h 3125h 16129h 187a1h
>>>>>>>>152 ulequad >0 \b, entries %#llx
# tail_entry_seqnum like: 0 1988h 16249h 24c12h 24c12h 41e64h 9fefdh
#>>>>>>>>160 ulequad >0 \b, tail entry seqnum %#llx
# head_entry_seqnum like: 0 1h 15dbh 6552h 213bfh 213bfh 3e672h 9a28ah
#>>>>>>>>168 ulequad >0 \b, head entry seqnum %#llx
# entry_array_offset like: 0 390058h 3909d8h 3909e0h
#>>>>>>>>176 ulequad >0 \b, entry array offset %#llx

# BCache backing and cache devices
# From: Gabriel de Perthuis <[email protected]>
0x1008 lequad 8
>0x1018 string \xc6\x85\x73\xf6\x4e\x1a\x45\xca\x82\x65\xf5\x7f\x48\xba\x6d\x81 BCache
>>0x1010 ulequad 0 cache device
>>0x1010 ulequad 1 backing device
>>0x1010 ulequad 3 cache device
>>0x1010 ulequad 4 backing device
>>0x1048 string >0 \b, label "%.32s"
>>0x1028 ubelong x \b, uuid %08x
>>0x102c ubeshort x \b-%04x
>>0x102e ubeshort x \b-%04x
>>0x1030 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>>0x1032 ubelong x \b-%08x
>>0x1036 ubeshort x \b%04x
>>0x1038 ubelong x \b, set uuid %08x
>>0x103c ubeshort x \b-%04x
>>0x103e ubeshort x \b-%04x
>>0x1040 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>>0x1042 ubelong x \b-%08x
>>0x1046 ubeshort x \b%04x

# Linux device tree:
# File format description can be found in the Linux kernel sources at
# Documentation/devicetree/booting-without-of.txt
# From Christoph Biedl
0 belong 0xd00dfeed
# structure must be within blob, strings are omitted to handle devicetrees > 1M
>&(8.L) byte x
>>20 belong >1 Device Tree Blob version %d
>>>4 belong x \b, size=%d
>>>20 belong >1
>>>>28 belong x \b, boot CPU=%d
>>>20 belong >2
>>>>32 belong x \b, string block size=%d
>>>20 belong >16
>>>>36 belong x \b, DT structure block size=%d

# glibc locale archive as defined in glibc locale/locarchive.h
0 lelong 0xde020109 locale archive
>24 lelong x %d strings

# Linux Software RAID (mdadm)
# Russell Coker <[email protected]>
0 name linuxraid
>16 belong x UUID=%8x:
>20 belong x \b%8x:
>24 belong x \b%8x:
>28 belong x \b%8x
>32 string x name=%s
>72 lelong x level=%d
>92 lelong x disks=%d

4096 lelong 0xa92b4efc Linux Software RAID
>4100 lelong x version 1.2 (%d)
>4096 use linuxraid

0 lelong 0xa92b4efc Linux Software RAID
>4 lelong x version 1.1 (%d)
>0 use linuxraid

# Summary: Database file for mlocate
# Description: A database file as used by mlocate, a fast implementation
# of locate/updatedb. It uses merging to reuse the existing
# database and avoid rereading most of the filesystem. It's
# the default version of locate on Arch Linux (and others).
# File path: /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db by default (but configurable)
# Site: https://fedorahosted.org/mlocate/
# Format docs: https://linux.die.net/man/5/mlocate.db
# Type: mlocate database file
# URL: https://fedorahosted.org/mlocate/
# From: Wander Nauta <[email protected]>
0 string \0mlocate mlocate database
>12 byte x \b, version %d
>13 byte 1 \b, require visibility
>16 string x \b, root %s

# Dump files for iproute2 tool. Generated by the "ip r|a save" command. URL:
# https://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2
# From: Pavel Emelyanov <[email protected]>
0 lelong 0x45311224 iproute2 routes dump
0 lelong 0x47361222 iproute2 addresses dump

# Image and service files for CRIU tool.
# URL: https://criu.org
# From: Pavel Emelyanov <[email protected]>
0 lelong 0x54564319 CRIU image file v1.1
0 lelong 0x55105940 CRIU service file
0 lelong 0x58313116 CRIU inventory

# Kdump compressed dump files
# https://github.com/makedumpfile/makedumpfile/blob/master/IMPLEMENTATION

0 string KDUMP\x20\x20\x20 Kdump compressed dump
>0 use kdump-compressed-dump

0 name kdump-compressed-dump
>8 long x v%d
>12 string >\0 \b, system %s
>77 string >\0 \b, node %s
>142 string >\0 \b, release %s
>207 string >\0 \b, version %s
>272 string >\0 \b, machine %s
>337 string >\0 \b, domain %s

# Flattened format
0 string makedumpfile
>16 bequad 1
>>0x1010 string KDUMP\x20\x20\x20 Flattened kdump compressed dump
>>>0x1010 use kdump-compressed-dump

# Device Tree files
0 search/1024 /dts-v1/ Device Tree File (v1)
# beat c code
!:strength +14

# e2fsck undo file
# David Gilman <[email protected]>
0 string E2UNDO02 e2fsck undo file, version 2
>44 lelong x \b, undo file is
>>44 lelong&1 0 not finished
>>44 lelong&1 1 finished
>48 lelong x \b, undo file features:
>>48 lelong&1 0 lacks filesystem offset
>>48 lelong&1 1 has filesystem offset
>>>64 lequad x at %#llx

# ansible vault (does not really belong here)
0 string $ANSIBLE_VAULT; Ansible Vault
>&0 regex [0-9]+\\.[0-9]+ \b, version %s
>>&0 string ;
>>>&0 regex [A-Z0-9]+ \b, encryption %s

# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub
# Reference: https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.06.tar.gz
# grub-2.06/include/grub/keyboard_layouts.h
# grub-2.06/grub-core/commands/keylayouts.c
# GRUB_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS_FILEMAGIC
0 string GRUBLAYO GRUB Keyboard
!:mime application/x-grub-keyboard
!:ext gkb
# GRUB_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS_VERSION like: 10
>8 ulelong !10 \b, version %u
# 4 grub_uint32_t grub_keyboard_layout[160]
# for normal french keyboard this is letter a
>92 ubyte !0x71
>>92 ubyte >0x40 \b, english q is %c
#>732 ubyte x \b, english Q is %c
# for normal german keyboard this is letter z
>124 ubyte !0x79
>>124 ubyte >0x40 \b, english y is %c
#>764 ubyte x \b, english Y is %c