# $File: filesystems,v 1.158 2023/05/21 17:19:08 christos Exp $

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: filesystems,v 1.158 2023/05/21 17:19:08 christos Exp $
# filesystems: file(1) magic for different filesystems
#
0 name partid
>0 ubyte 0x00 Unused
>0 ubyte 0x01 12-bit FAT
>0 ubyte 0x02 XENIX /
>0 ubyte 0x03 XENIX /usr
>0 ubyte 0x04 16-bit FAT, less than 32M
>0 ubyte 0x05 extended partition
>0 ubyte 0x06 16-bit FAT, more than 32M
>0 ubyte 0x07 OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX2, Adv. UNIX
>0 ubyte 0x08 AIX or os, or etc.
>0 ubyte 0x09 AIX boot partition or Coherent
>0 ubyte 0x0a O/2 boot manager or Coherent swap
>0 ubyte 0x0b 32-bit FAT
>0 ubyte 0x0c 32-bit FAT, LBA-mapped
>0 ubyte 0x0d 7XXX, LBA-mapped
>0 ubyte 0x0e 16-bit FAT, LBA-mapped
>0 ubyte 0x0f extended partition, LBA-mapped
>0 ubyte 0x10 OPUS
>0 ubyte 0x11 OS/2 DOS 12-bit FAT
>0 ubyte 0x12 Compaq diagnostics
>0 ubyte 0x14 OS/2 DOS 16-bit FAT <32M
>0 ubyte 0x16 OS/2 DOS 16-bit FAT >=32M
>0 ubyte 0x17 OS/2 hidden IFS
>0 ubyte 0x18 AST Windows swapfile
>0 ubyte 0x19 Willowtech Photon coS
>0 ubyte 0x1b hidden win95 fat 32
>0 ubyte 0x1c hidden win95 fat 32 lba
>0 ubyte 0x1d hidden win95 fat 16 lba
>0 ubyte 0x20 Willowsoft OFS1
>0 ubyte 0x21 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x23 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x24 NEC DOS
>0 ubyte 0x26 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x31 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x32 Alien Internet Services NOS
>0 ubyte 0x33 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x34 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x35 JFS on OS2
>0 ubyte 0x36 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x38 Theos
>0 ubyte 0x39 Plan 9, or Theos spanned
>0 ubyte 0x3a Theos ver 4 4gb partition
>0 ubyte 0x3b Theos ve 4 extended partition
>0 ubyte 0x3c PartitionMagic recovery
>0 ubyte 0x3d Hidden Netware
>0 ubyte 0x40 VENIX 286 or LynxOS
>0 ubyte 0x41 PReP
>0 ubyte 0x42 linux swap sharing DRDOS disk
>0 ubyte 0x43 linux sharing DRDOS disk
>0 ubyte 0x44 GoBack change utility
>0 ubyte 0x45 Boot US Boot manager
>0 ubyte 0x46 EUMEL/Elan or Ergos 3
>0 ubyte 0x47 EUMEL/Elan or Ergos 3
>0 ubyte 0x48 EUMEL/Elan or Ergos 3
>0 ubyte 0x4a ALFX/THIN filesystem for DOS
>0 ubyte 0x4c Oberon partition
>0 ubyte 0x4d QNX4.x
>0 ubyte 0x4e QNX4.x 2nd part
>0 ubyte 0x4f QNX4.x 3rd part
>0 ubyte 0x50 DM (disk manager)
>0 ubyte 0x51 DM6 Aux1 (or Novell)
>0 ubyte 0x52 CP/M or Microport SysV/AT
>0 ubyte 0x53 DM6 Aux3
>0 ubyte 0x54 DM6 DDO
>0 ubyte 0x55 EZ-Drive (disk manager)
>0 ubyte 0x56 Golden Bow (disk manager)
>0 ubyte 0x57 Drive PRO
>0 ubyte 0x5c Priam Edisk (disk manager)
>0 ubyte 0x61 SpeedStor
>0 ubyte 0x63 GNU HURD or Mach or Sys V/386
>0 ubyte 0x64 Novell Netware 2.xx or Speedstore
>0 ubyte 0x65 Novell Netware 3.xx
>0 ubyte 0x66 Novell 386 Netware
>0 ubyte 0x67 Novell
>0 ubyte 0x68 Novell
>0 ubyte 0x69 Novell
>0 ubyte 0x70 DiskSecure Multi-Boot
>0 ubyte 0x71 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x73 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x74 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x75 PC/IX
>0 ubyte 0x76 reserved
>0 ubyte 0x77 M2FS/M2CS partition
>0 ubyte 0x78 XOSL boot loader filesystem
>0 ubyte 0x80 MINIX until 1.4a
>0 ubyte 0x81 MINIX since 1.4b
>0 ubyte 0x82 Linux swap or Solaris
>0 ubyte 0x83 Linux native
>0 ubyte 0x84 OS/2 hidden C: drive
>0 ubyte 0x85 Linux extended partition
>0 ubyte 0x86 NT FAT volume set
>0 ubyte 0x87 NTFS volume set or HPFS mirrored
>0 ubyte 0x8a Linux Kernel AiR-BOOT partition
>0 ubyte 0x8b Legacy Fault tolerant FAT32
>0 ubyte 0x8c Legacy Fault tolerant FAT32 ext
>0 ubyte 0x8d Hidden free FDISK FAT12
>0 ubyte 0x8e Linux Logical Volume Manager
>0 ubyte 0x90 Hidden free FDISK FAT16
>0 ubyte 0x91 Hidden free FDISK DOS EXT
>0 ubyte 0x92 Hidden free FDISK FAT16 Big
>0 ubyte 0x93 Amoeba filesystem
>0 ubyte 0x94 Amoeba bad block table
>0 ubyte 0x95 MIT EXOPC native partitions
>0 ubyte 0x97 Hidden free FDISK FAT32
>0 ubyte 0x98 Datalight ROM-DOS Super-Boot
>0 ubyte 0x99 Mylex EISA SCSI
>0 ubyte 0x9a Hidden free FDISK FAT16 LBA
>0 ubyte 0x9b Hidden free FDISK EXT LBA
>0 ubyte 0x9f BSDI?
>0 ubyte 0xa0 IBM Thinkpad hibernation
>0 ubyte 0xa1 HP Volume expansion (SpeedStor)
>0 ubyte 0xa3 HP Volume expansion (SpeedStor)
>0 ubyte 0xa4 HP Volume expansion (SpeedStor)
>0 ubyte 0xa5 386BSD partition type
>0 ubyte 0xa6 OpenBSD partition type
>0 ubyte 0xa7 NeXTSTEP 486
>0 ubyte 0xa8 Apple UFS
>0 ubyte 0xa9 NetBSD partition type
>0 ubyte 0xaa Olivetty Fat12 1.44MB Service part
>0 ubyte 0xab Apple Boot
>0 ubyte 0xae SHAG OS filesystem
>0 ubyte 0xaf Apple HFS
>0 ubyte 0xb0 BootStar Dummy
>0 ubyte 0xb1 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xb3 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xb4 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xb6 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xb7 BSDI BSD/386 filesystem
>0 ubyte 0xb8 BSDI BSD/386 swap
>0 ubyte 0xbb Boot Wizard Hidden
>0 ubyte 0xbe Solaris 8 partition type
>0 ubyte 0xbf Solaris partition type
>0 ubyte 0xc0 CTOS
>0 ubyte 0xc1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-12)
>0 ubyte 0xc2 Hidden Linux
>0 ubyte 0xc3 Hidden Linux swap
>0 ubyte 0xc4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-16, < 32M)
>0 ubyte 0xc5 DRDOS/sec (EXT)
>0 ubyte 0xc6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-16, >= 32M)
>0 ubyte 0xc7 Syrinx (Cyrnix?) or HPFS disabled
>0 ubyte 0xc8 Reserved for DR-DOS 8.0+
>0 ubyte 0xc9 Reserved for DR-DOS 8.0+
>0 ubyte 0xca Reserved for DR-DOS 8.0+
>0 ubyte 0xcb DR-DOS 7.04+ Secured FAT32 CHS
>0 ubyte 0xcc DR-DOS 7.04+ Secured FAT32 LBA
>0 ubyte 0xcd CTOS Memdump
>0 ubyte 0xce DR-DOS 7.04+ FAT16X LBA
>0 ubyte 0xcf DR-DOS 7.04+ EXT LBA
>0 ubyte 0xd0 REAL/32 secure big partition
>0 ubyte 0xd1 Old Multiuser DOS FAT12
>0 ubyte 0xd4 Old Multiuser DOS FAT16 Small
>0 ubyte 0xd5 Old Multiuser DOS Extended
>0 ubyte 0xd6 Old Multiuser DOS FAT16 Big
>0 ubyte 0xd8 CP/M 86
>0 ubyte 0xdb CP/M or Concurrent CP/M
>0 ubyte 0xdd Hidden CTOS Memdump
>0 ubyte 0xde Dell PowerEdge Server utilities
>0 ubyte 0xdf DG/UX virtual disk manager
>0 ubyte 0xe0 STMicroelectronics ST AVFS
>0 ubyte 0xe1 DOS access or SpeedStor 12-bit
>0 ubyte 0xe3 DOS R/O or Storage Dimensions
>0 ubyte 0xe4 SpeedStor 16-bit FAT < 1024 cyl.
>0 ubyte 0xe5 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xe6 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xeb BeOS
>0 ubyte 0xee GPT Protective MBR
>0 ubyte 0xef EFI system partition
>0 ubyte 0xf0 Linux PA-RISC boot loader
>0 ubyte 0xf1 SpeedStor or Storage Dimensions
>0 ubyte 0xf2 DOS 3.3+ Secondary
>0 ubyte 0xf3 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xf4 SpeedStor large partition
>0 ubyte 0xf5 Prologue multi-volumen partition
>0 ubyte 0xf6 reserved
>0 ubyte 0xf9 pCache: ext2/ext3 persistent cache
>0 ubyte 0xfa Bochs x86 emulator
>0 ubyte 0xfb VMware File System
>0 ubyte 0xfc VMware Swap
>0 ubyte 0xfd Linux RAID partition persistent sb
>0 ubyte 0xfe LANstep or IBM PS/2 IML
>0 ubyte 0xff Xenix Bad Block Table

0 string \366\366\366\366 PC formatted floppy with no filesystem
# Sun disk labels
# From /usr/include/sun/dklabel.h:
0774 beshort 0xdabe
# modified by Joerg Jenderek, because original test
# succeeds for Cabinet archive dao360.dl_ with negative blocks
>0770 long >0 Sun disk label
>>0 string x '%s
>>>31 string >\0 \b%s
>>>>63 string >\0 \b%s
>>>>>95 string >\0 \b%s
>>0 string x \b'
>>0734 short >0 %d rpm,
>>0736 short >0 %d phys cys,
>>0740 short >0 %d alts/cyl,
>>0746 short >0 %d interleave,
>>0750 short >0 %d data cyls,
>>0752 short >0 %d alt cyls,
>>0754 short >0 %d heads/partition,
>>0756 short >0 %d sectors/track,
>>0764 long >0 start cyl %d,
>>0770 long x %d blocks
# Is there a boot block written 1 sector in?
>512 belong&077777777 0600407 \b, boot block present

# Joerg Jenderek: Smart Boot Manager backup file is 25 (MSDOS) or 41 (LINUX) byte header + first sectors of disk
# (http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/docs/user-guide-3.html)
0 string SBMBAKUP_ Smart Boot Manager backup file
>9 string x \b, version %-5.5s
>>14 string =_
>>>15 string x %-.1s
>>>>16 string =_ \b.
>>>>>17 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>18 string =_ \b.
>>>>>>>19 string x \b%-.1s
>>>22 ubyte 0
>>>>21 ubyte x \b, from drive %#x
>>>22 ubyte >0
>>>>21 string x \b, from drive %s
>>>535 search/17 \x55\xAA
>>>>&-512 indirect x \b; contains

# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012
# DOS Emulator image is 128 byte, null right padded header + harddisc image
0 string DOSEMU\0
>0x27E leshort 0xAA55
#offset is 128
>>19 ubyte 128
>>>(19.b-1) ubyte 0x0 DOS Emulator image
>>>>7 ulelong >0 \b, %u heads
>>>>11 ulelong >0 \b, %d sectors/track
>>>>15 ulelong >0 \b, %d cylinders
>>>>128 indirect x \b; contains

# added by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012
# http://www.thenakedpc.com/articles/v04/08/0408-05.html
# Symantec (Peter Norton) Image.dat file consists of variable header, bootrecord, part of FAT and root directory data
0 string PNCIHISK\0 Norton Utilities disc image data
# real x86 boot sector with jump instruction
>509 search/1026 \x55\xAA\xeb
>>&-1 indirect x \b; contains
# http://file-extension.net/seeker/file_extension_dat
0 string PNCIUNDO Norton Disk Doctor UnDo file
#

# DOS/MBR boot sector updated by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2007,May 2011,2013
# for any allowed sector sizes
30 search/481 \x55\xAA
# to display DOS/MBR boot sector (40) before old one (strength=50+21),Syslinux bootloader (71),SYSLINUX MBR (37+36),NetBSD mbr (110),AdvanceMAME mbr (111)
# DOS BPB information (70) and after DOS floppy (120) like in previous file version
!:strength +65
# for sector sizes < 512 Bytes
>11 uleshort <512
>>(11.s-2) uleshort 0xAA55 DOS/MBR boot sector
# for sector sizes with 512 or more Bytes
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 DOS/MBR boot sector

# ExFAT
3 string/w =EXFAT
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55
>>0x6E ubyte 1
>>>0x6F ubyte 0x80
>>>0 ubyte 0xEB DOS/MBR boot sector,
>>>0x69 ubyte x ExFAT Filesystem version %d.
>>>0x68 ubyte x \b%d
>>>0x6d ubyte x \b, (1<<%d) sectors per cluster
>>>0x48 ulequad x \b, sectors %lld
>>>0x64 ulelong x \b, serial number %#x

# keep old DOS/MBR boot sector as dummy for mbr and bootloader displaying
# only for sector sizes with 512 or more Bytes
0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 DOS/MBR boot sector
#
# to display information (50) before DOS BPB (strength=70) and after DOS floppy (120) like in old file version
!:strength +65
>2 string OSBS OS/BS MBR
# added by Joerg Jenderek at Feb 2013 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/
# and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Boot_Record
# test for nearly all MS-DOS Master Boot Record initial program loader (IPL) is now done by
# characteristic assembler instructions: xor ax,ax;mov ss,ax;mov sp,7c00
>0 search/2 \x33\xc0\x8e\xd0\xbc\x00\x7c MS-MBR
# Microsoft Windows 95A and early ( https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/STDMBR.htm )
# assembler instructions: mov si,sp;push ax;pop es;push ax;pop ds;sti;cld
>>8 ubequad 0x8bf45007501ffbfc
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/200MBR.htm
>>>0x16 ubyte 0xF3 \b,DOS 2
>>>>219 regex Author\ -\ Author:
# found "David Litton" , "A Pehrsson "
>>>>>&0 string x "%s"
>>>0x16 ubyte 0xF2
# NEC MS-DOS 3.30 Rev. 3 . See https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/DOS33MBR.htm
# assembler instructions: mov di,077c;cmp word ptrl[di],a55a;jnz
>>>>0x22 ubequad 0xbf7c07813d5aa575 \b,NEC 3.3
# version MS-DOS 3.30 til MS-Windows 95A (WinVer=4.00.1111)
>>>>0x22 default x \b,D0S version 3.3-7.0
# error messages are printed by assembler instructions: mov si,06nn;...;int 10 (0xBEnn06;...)
# where nn is string offset varying for different languages
# "Invalid partition table" nn=0x8b for english version
>>>>>(0x49.b) string Invalid\ partition\ table english
>>>>>(0x49.b) string Ung\201ltige\ Partitionstabelle german
>>>>>(0x49.b) string Table\ de\ partition\ invalide french
>>>>>(0x49.b) string Tabela\ de\ parti\207ao\ inv\240lida portuguese
>>>>>(0x49.b) string Tabla\ de\ partici\242n\ no\ v\240lida spanish
>>>>>(0x49.b) string Tavola\ delle\ partizioni\ non\ valida italian
>>>>>0x49 ubyte >0 at offset %#x
>>>>>>(0x49.b) string >\0 "%s"
# "Error loading operating system" nn=0xa3 for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems" nn=0xa7 for german version
# "Erreur en chargeant syst\212me d'exploitation" nn=0xa7 for french version
# "Erro na inicializa\207ao do sistema operacional" nn=0xa7 for portuguese Brazilian version
# "Error al cargar sistema operativo" nn=0xa8 for spanish version
# "Errore durante il caricamento del sistema operativo" nn=0xae for italian version
>>>>>0x74 ubyte >0 at offset %#x
>>>>>>(0x74.b) string >\0 "%s"
# "Missing operating system" nn=0xc2 for english version
# "Betriebssystem fehlt" nn=0xcd for german version
# "Syst\212me d'exploitation absent" nn=0xd2 for french version
# "Sistema operacional nao encontrado" nn=0xd4 for portuguese Brazilian version
# "Falta sistema operativo" nn=0xca for spanish version
# "Sistema operativo mancante" nn=0xe2 for italian version
>>>>>0x79 ubyte >0 at offset %#x
>>>>>>(0x79.b) string >\0 "%s"
# Microsoft Windows 95B to XP (https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/95BMEMBR.htm)
# assembler instructions: push ax;pop es;push ax;pop ds;cld;mov si,7c1b
>>8 ubequad 0x5007501ffcbe1b7c
# assembler instructions: rep;movsb;retf;mov si,07be;mov cl,04
>>>24 ubequad 0xf3a4cbbebe07b104 9M
# "Invalid partition table" nn=0x10F for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle" nn=0x10F for german version
# "Table de partition erron\202e" nn=0x10F for french version
# "\216\257\245\340\240\346\250\256\255\255\240\357 \341\250\341\342\245\254\240 \255\245 \255\240\251\244\245\255\240" nn=0x10F for russian version
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF) string Invalid\ partition\ table english
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF) string Ung\201ltige\ Partitionstabelle german
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF) string Table\ de\ partition\ erron\202e french
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF) string \215\245\257\340\240\242\250\253\354\255\240\357\ \342\240\241\253\250\346\240 russian
>>>>0x3C ubyte x at offset %#x+0xFF
>>>>(0x3C.b+0x0FF) string >\0 "%s"
# "Error loading operating system" nn=0x127 for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems" nn=0x12b for german version
# "Erreur lors du chargement du syst\212me d'exploitation" nn=0x12a for french version
# "\216\350\250\241\252\240 \257\340\250 \247\240\243\340\343\247\252\245 \256\257\245\340\240\346\250\256\255\255\256\251 \341\250\341\342\245\254\353" nn=0x12d for russian version
>>>>0xBD ubyte x at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0xBD.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# "Missing operating system" nn=0x146 for english version
# "Betriebssystem fehlt" nn=0x151 for german version
# "Syst\212me d'exploitation manquant" nn=0x15e for french version
# "\216\257\245\340\240\346\250\256\255\255\240\357 \341\250\341\342\245\254\240 \255\245 \255\240\251\244\245\255\240" nn=0x156 for russian version
>>>>0xA9 ubyte x at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0xA9.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/Win2kmbr.htm
# assembler instructions: rep;movsb;retf;mov BP,07be;mov cl,04
>>>24 ubequad 0xf3a4cbbdbe07b104 XP
# where xxyyzz are lower bits from offsets of error messages varying for different languages
>>>>0x1B4 ubelong&0x00FFFFFF 0x002c4463 english
>>>>0x1B4 ubelong&0x00FFFFFF 0x002c486e german
# "Invalid partition table" xx=0x12C for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle" xx=0x12C for german version
>>>>0x1b5 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b5.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# "Error loading operating system" yy=0x144 for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems" yy=0x148 for german version
>>>>0x1b6 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b6.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# "Missing operating system" zz=0x163 for english version
# "Betriebssystem nicht vorhanden" zz=0x16e for german version
>>>>0x1b7 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b7.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# Microsoft Windows Vista or 7
# assembler instructions: ..;mov ds,ax;mov si,7c00;mov di,..00
>>8 ubequad 0xc08ed8be007cbf00
# Microsoft Windows Vista (https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/VistaMBR.htm)
# assembler instructions: jnz 0729;cmp ebx,"TCPA"
>>>0xEC ubequad 0x753b6681fb544350 Vista
# where xxyyzz are lower bits from offsets of error messages varying for different languages
>>>>0x1B4 ubelong&0x00FFFFFF 0x00627a99 english
#>>>>0x1B4 ubelong&0x00FFFFFF ? german
# "Invalid partition table" xx=0x162 for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle" xx=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b5 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b5.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# "Error loading operating system" yy=0x17a for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems" yy= 0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b6 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b6.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# "Missing operating system" zz=0x199 for english version
# "Betriebssystem nicht vorhanden" zz=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b7 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b7.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# Microsoft Windows 7 (https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/W7MBR.htm)
# assembler instructions: cmp ebx,"TCPA";cmp
>>>0xEC ubequad 0x6681fb5443504175 Windows 7
# where xxyyzz are lower bits from offsets of error messages varying for different languages
>>>>0x1B4 ubelong&0x00FFFFFF 0x00637b9a english
#>>>>0x1B4 ubelong&0x00FFFFFF ? german
# "Invalid partition table" xx=0x163 for english version
# "Ung\201ltige Partitionstabelle" xx=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b5 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b5.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# "Error loading operating system" yy=0x17b for english version
# "Fehler beim Laden des Betriebssystems" yy=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b6 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b6.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# "Missing operating system" zz=0x19a for english version
# "Betriebssystem nicht vorhanden" zz=0x1?? for german version
>>>>0x1b7 ubyte >0 at offset 0x1%x
>>>>(0x1b7.b+0x100) string >\0 "%s"
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/Win2kmbr.htm#DiskSigs
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBR_disk_signature#ID
>>0x1b8 ulelong >0 \b, disk signature %#-.4x
# driveID/timestamp for Win 95B,98,98SE and ME. See https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/mystery.htm
>>0xDA uleshort 0
>>>0xDC ulelong >0 \b, created
# physical drive number (0x80-0xFF) when the Windows wrote that byte to the drive
>>>>0xDC ubyte x with driveID %#x
# hours, minutes and seconds
>>>>0xDf ubyte x at %x
>>>>0xDe ubyte x \b:%x
>>>>0xDd ubyte x \b:%x
# special case for Microsoft MS-DOS 3.21 spanish
# assembler instructions: cli;mov $0x30,%ax;mov %ax,%ss;mov
>0 ubequad 0xfab830008ed0bc00
# assembler instructions: $0x1f00,%sp;mov $0x80cb,%di;add %cl,(%bx,%si);in (%dx),%ax;mov
>>8 ubequad 0x1fbfcb800008ed8 MS-MBR,D0S version 3.21 spanish
# Microsoft MBR IPL end

# dr-dos with some upper-, lowercase variants
>0x9D string Invalid\ partition\ table$
>>181 string No\ Operating\ System$
>>>201 string Operating\ System\ load\ error$ \b, DR-DOS MBR, Version 7.01 to 7.03
>0x9D string Invalid\ partition\ table$
>>181 string No\ operating\ system$
>>>201 string Operating\ system\ load\ error$ \b, DR-DOS MBR, Version 7.01 to 7.03
>342 string Invalid\ partition\ table$
>>366 string No\ operating\ system$
>>>386 string Operating\ system\ load\ error$ \b, DR-DOS MBR, version 7.01 to 7.03
>295 string NEWLDR\0
>>302 string Bad\ PT\ $
>>>310 string No\ OS\ $
>>>>317 string OS\ load\ err$
>>>>>329 string Moved\ or\ missing\ IBMBIO.LDR\n\r
>>>>>>358 string Press\ any\ key\ to\ continue.\n\r$
>>>>>>>387 string Copyright\ (c)\ 1984,1998
>>>>>>>>411 string Caldera\ Inc.\0 \b, DR-DOS MBR (IBMBIO.LDR)
#
# tests for different MS-DOS Master Boot Records (MBR) moved and merged
#
#>0x145 string Default:\ F \b, FREE-DOS MBR
#>0x14B string Default:\ F \b, FREE-DOS 1.0 MBR
>0x145 search/7 Default:\ F \b, FREE-DOS MBR
#>>313 string F0\ .\ .\ .
#>>>322 string disk\ 1
#>>>>382 string FAT3
>64 string no\ active\ partition\ found
>>96 string read\ error\ while\ reading\ drive \b, FREE-DOS Beta 0.9 MBR
# Ranish Partition Manager http://www.ranish.com/part/
>387 search/4 \0\ Error!\r
>>378 search/7 Virus!
>>>397 search/4 Booting\040
>>>>408 search/4 HD1/\0 \b, Ranish MBR (
>>>>>416 string Writing\ changes... \b2.37
>>>>>>438 ubyte x \b,%#x dots
>>>>>>440 ubyte >0 \b,virus check
>>>>>>441 ubyte >0 \b,partition %c
#2.38,2.42,2.44
>>>>>416 string !Writing\ changes... \b
>>>>>>418 ubyte 1 \bvirus check,
>>>>>>419 ubyte x \b%#x seconds
>>>>>>420 ubyte&0x0F >0 \b,partition
>>>>>>>420 ubyte&0x0F <5 \b %x
>>>>>>>420 ubyte&0x0F 0Xf \b ask
>>>>>420 ubyte x \b)
#
# SYSLINUX MBR moved
# https://www.acronis.de/
>362 string MBR\ Error\ \0\r
>>376 string ress\ any\ key\ to\040
>>>392 string boot\ from\ floppy...\0 \b, Acronis MBR
# added by Joerg Jenderek
# https://www.visopsys.org/
# https://partitionlogic.org.uk/
>309 string No\ bootable\ partition\ found\r
>>339 string I/O\ Error\ reading\ boot\ sector\r \b, Visopsys MBR
>349 string No\ bootable\ partition\ found\r
>>379 string I/O\ Error\ reading\ boot\ sector\r \b, simple Visopsys MBR
# bootloader, bootmanager
>0x40 string SBML
# label with 11 characters of FAT 12 bit filesystem
>>43 string SMART\ BTMGR
>>>430 string SBMK\ Bad!\r \b, Smart Boot Manager
# OEM-ID not always "SBM"
#>>>>3 strings SBM
>>>>6 string >\0 \b, version %s
>382 string XOSLLOADXCF \b, eXtended Operating System Loader
>6 string LILO \b, LInux i386 boot LOader
>>120 string LILO \b, version 22.3.4 SuSe
>>172 string LILO \b, version 22.5.8 Debian
# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Oct 2008
# variables according to grub-0.97/stage1/stage1.S or
# https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Embedded-data
# usual values are marked with comments to get only information of strange GRUB loaders
>342 search/60 \0Geom\0
#>0 ulelong x %x=0x009048EB , 0x2a9048EB 0
>>0x41 ubyte <2
>>>0x3E ubyte >2 \b; GRand Unified Bootloader
# 0x3 for 0.5.95,0.93,0.94,0.96 0x4 for 1.90
>>>>0x3E ubyte x \b, stage1 version %#x
#If it is 0xFF, use a drive passed by BIOS
>>>>0x40 ubyte <0xFF \b, boot drive %#x
# in most case 0,1,0x2e for GRUB 0.5.95
>>>>0x41 ubyte >0 \b, LBA flag %#x
>>>>0x42 uleshort <0x8000 \b, stage2 address %#x
#>>>>0x42 uleshort =0x8000 \b, stage2 address %#x (usual)
>>>>0x42 uleshort >0x8000 \b, stage2 address %#x
#>>>>0x44 ulelong =1 \b, 1st sector stage2 %#x (default)
>>>>0x44 ulelong >1 \b, 1st sector stage2 %#x
>>>>0x48 uleshort <0x800 \b, stage2 segment %#x
#>>>>0x48 uleshort =0x800 \b, stage2 segment %#x (usual)
>>>>0x48 uleshort >0x800 \b, stage2 segment %#x
>>>>402 string Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>394 string stage1 \b, GRUB version 0.5.95
>>>>382 string Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>376 string GRUB\ \0 \b, GRUB version 0.93 or 1.94
>>>>383 string Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>377 string GRUB\ \0 \b, GRUB version 0.94
>>>>385 string Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>379 string GRUB\ \0 \b, GRUB version 0.95 or 0.96
>>>>391 string Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>>385 string GRUB\ \0 \b, GRUB version 0.97
# unknown version
>>>343 string Geom\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>321 string Loading\ stage1.5 \b, GRUB version x.y
>>>380 string Geom\0Hard\ Disk\0Read\0\ Error\0
>>>>374 string GRUB\ \0 \b, GRUB version n.m
# SYSLINUX bootloader moved
>395 string chksum\0\ ERROR!\0 \b, Gujin bootloader
# http://www.bcdwb.de/bcdw/index_e.htm
>3 string BCDL
>>498 string BCDL\ \ \ \ BIN \b, Bootable CD Loader (1.50Z)
# mbr partition table entries updated by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2013
# skip Norton Utilities disc image data
>3 string !IHISK
# skip Linux style boot sector starting with assembler instructions mov 0x7c0,ax;
>>0 belong !0xb8c0078e
# not Linux kernel
>>>514 string !HdrS
# not BeOS
>>>>422 string !Be\ Boot\ Loader
# jump over BPB instruction implies DOS bootsector or AdvanceMAME mbr
>>>>>0 ubelong&0xFD000000 =0xE9000000
# AdvanceMAME mbr
>>>>>>(1.b+2) ubequad 0xfa31c08ed88ec08e
>>>>>>>446 use partition-table
# mbr, Norton Utilities disc image data, or 2nd,etc. sector of x86 bootloader
>>>>>0 ubelong&0xFD000000 !0xE9000000
# skip FSInfosector
>>>>>>0 string !RRaA
# skip 3rd sector of MS x86 bootloader with assembler instructions cli;MOVZX EAX,BYTE PTR [BP+10];MOV ECX,
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/MSWIN41.htm
>>>>>>>0 ubequad !0xfa660fb64610668b
# skip 13rd sector of MS x86 bootloader
>>>>>>>>0 ubequad !0x660fb64610668b4e
# skip sector starting with DOS new line
>>>>>>>>>0 string !\r\n
# allowed active flag 0,80h-FFh
>>>>>>>>>>446 ubyte 0
>>>>>>>>>>>446 use partition-table
>>>>>>>>>>446 ubyte >0x7F
>>>>>>>>>>>446 use partition-table
# TODO: test for extended bootrecord (ebr) moved and merged with mbr partition table entries
# mbr partition table entries end
# https://www.acronis.de/
#FAT label=ACRONIS\ SZ
#OEM-ID=BOOTWIZ0
>442 string Non-system\ disk,\040
>>459 string press\ any\ key...\x7\0 \b, Acronis Startup Recovery Loader
# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012, Sep 2013
# DOS names like F11.SYS or BOOTWIZ.SYS are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
# display 1 space
>>>447 ubyte x \b
>>>477 use DOS-filename
#
>185 string FDBOOT\ Version\040
>>204 string \rNo\ Systemdisk.\040
>>>220 string Booting\ from\ harddisk.\n\r
>>>245 string Cannot\ load\ from\ harddisk.\n\r
>>>>273 string Insert\ Systemdisk\040
>>>>>291 string and\ press\ any\ key.\n\r \b, FDBOOT harddisk Bootloader
>>>>>>200 string >\0 \b, version %-3s
>242 string Bootsector\ from\ C.H.\ Hochst\204
# http://freecode.com/projects/dosfstools dosfstools-n.m/src/mkdosfs.c
# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012. Use search directive with offset instead of string
# skip name "C.H. Hochstaetter" partly because it is sometimes written without umlaut
>242 search/127 Bootsector\ from\ C.H.\ Hochst
>>278 search/127 No\ Systemdisk.\ Booting\ from\ harddisk
# followed by variants with point,CR-NL or NL-CR
>>>208 search/261 Cannot\ load\ from\ harddisk.
# followed by variants CR-NL or NL-CR
>>>>236 search/235 Insert\ Systemdisk\ and\ press\ any\ key.
# followed by variants with point,CR-NL or NL-CR
>>>>>180 search/96 Disk\ formatted\ with\ WinImage\ \b, WinImage harddisk Bootloader
# followed by string like "6.50 (c) 1993-2004 Gilles Vollant"
>>>>>>&0 string x \b, version %-4.4s
>(1.b+2) ubyte 0xe
>>(1.b+3) ubyte 0x1f
>>>(1.b+4) ubyte 0xbe
# message offset found at (1.b+5) is 0x77 for FAT32 or 0x5b for others
>>>>(1.b+5) ubyte&0xd3 0x53
>>>>>(1.b+6) ubyte 0x7c
# assembler instructions: lodsb;and al,al;jz 0xb;push si;mov ah,
>>>>>>(1.b+7) ubyte 0xac
>>>>>>>(1.b+8) ubyte 0x22
>>>>>>>>(1.b+9) ubyte 0xc0
>>>>>>>>>(1.b+10) ubyte 0x74
>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+11) ubyte 0x0b
>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+12) ubyte 0x56
>>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+13) ubyte 0xb4 \b, mkdosfs boot message display
# FAT1X version
>>>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+5) ubyte 0x5b
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x5b string >\0 "%-s"
# FAT32 version
>>>>>>>>>>>>>(1.b+5) ubyte 0x77
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0x77 string >\0 "%-s"
>214 string Please\ try\ to\ install\ FreeDOS\ \b, DOS Emulator boot message display
#>>244 string from\ dosemu-freedos-*-bin.tgz\r
#>>>170 string Sorry,\ could\ not\ load\ an\040
#>>>>195 string operating\ system.\r\n
#
>103 string This\ is\ not\ a\ bootable\ disk.\040
>>132 string Please\ insert\ a\ bootable\040
>>>157 string floppy\ and\r\n
>>>>169 string press\ any\ key\ to\ try\ again...\r \b, FREE-DOS message display
#
>66 string Solaris\ Boot\ Sector
>>99 string Incomplete\ MDBoot\ load.
>>>89 string Version \b, Sun Solaris Bootloader
>>>>97 byte x version %c
#
>408 string OS/2\ !!\ SYS01475\r\0
>>429 string OS/2\ !!\ SYS02025\r\0
>>>450 string OS/2\ !!\ SYS02027\r\0
>>>469 string OS2BOOT\ \ \ \ \b, IBM OS/2 Warp bootloader
#
>409 string OS/2\ !!\ SYS01475\r\0
>>430 string OS/2\ !!\ SYS02025\r\0
>>>451 string OS/2\ !!\ SYS02027\r\0
>>>470 string OS2BOOT\ \ \ \ \b, IBM OS/2 Warp Bootloader
>112 string This\ disk\ is\ not\ bootable\r
>>142 string If\ you\ wish\ to\ make\ it\ bootable
>>>176 string run\ the\ DOS\ program\ SYS\040
>>>200 string after\ the\r
>>>>216 string system\ has\ been\ loaded\r\n
>>>>>242 string Please\ insert\ a\ DOS\ diskette\040
>>>>>271 string into\r\n\ the\ drive\ and\040
>>>>>>292 string strike\ any\ key...\0 \b, IBM OS/2 Warp message display
# XP
>430 string NTLDR\ is\ missing\xFF\r\n
>>449 string Disk\ error\xFF\r\n
>>>462 string Press\ any\ key\ to\ restart\r \b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader
# DOS names like NTLDR,CMLDR,$LDR$ are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>>417 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>417 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>422 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>422 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>425 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>425 string >\ \b.%-.3s
#
>>>>371 ubyte >0x20
>>>>>368 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>368 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>>373 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>373 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>376 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>376 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>430 string NTLDR\ nicht\ gefunden\xFF\r\n
>>453 string Datentr\204gerfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>473 string Neustart\ mit\ beliebiger\ Taste\r \b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (german)
>>>>417 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>417 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>422 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>422 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>425 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>425 string >\ \b.%-.3s
# offset variant
>>>>379 string \0
>>>>>368 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>368 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>>373 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>373 string x \b%-.3s
#
>430 string NTLDR\ fehlt\xFF\r\n
>>444 string Datentr\204gerfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>464 string Neustart\ mit\ beliebiger\ Taste\r \b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (2.german)
>>>>417 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>417 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>422 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>422 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>425 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>425 string >\ \b.%-.3s
# variant
>>>>371 ubyte >0x20
>>>>>368 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>368 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>>373 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>373 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>376 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>376 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>430 string NTLDR\ fehlt\xFF\r\n
>>444 string Medienfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>459 string Neustart:\ Taste\ dr\201cken\r \b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (3.german)
>>>>371 ubyte >0x20
>>>>>368 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>368 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>>373 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>373 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>376 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>376 string x \b.%-.3s
# variant
>>>>417 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>417 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>422 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>422 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>425 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>425 string >\ \b.%-.3s
#
>430 string Datentr\204ger\ entfernen\xFF\r\n
>>454 string Medienfehler\xFF\r\n
>>>469 string Neustart:\ Taste\ dr\201cken\r \b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader (4.german)
>>>>379 string \0
>>>>>368 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>368 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>>373 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>373 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>376 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>376 string x \b.%-.3s
# variant
>>>>417 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>417 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>422 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>422 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>425 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>425 string >\ \b.%-.3s
#

#>3 string NTFS\ \ \ \040
>389 string Fehler\ beim\ Lesen\040
>>407 string des\ Datentr\204gers
>>>426 string NTLDR\ fehlt
>>>>440 string NTLDR\ ist\ komprimiert
>>>>>464 string Neustart\ mit\ Strg+Alt+Entf\r \b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader NTFS (german)
#>3 string NTFS\ \ \ \040
>313 string A\ disk\ read\ error\ occurred.\r
>>345 string A\ kernel\ file\ is\ missing\040
>>>370 string from\ the\ disk.\r
>>>>484 string NTLDR\ is\ compressed
>>>>>429 string Insert\ a\ system\ diskette\040
>>>>>>454 string and\ restart\r\nthe\ system.\r \b, Microsoft Windows XP Bootloader NTFS
# DOS loader variants different languages,offsets
>472 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>389 string Invalid\ system\ disk\xFF\r\n
>>>411 string Disk\ I/O\ error
>>>>428 string Replace\ the\ disk,\ and\040
>>>>>455 string press\ any\ key \b, Microsoft Windows 98 Bootloader
#IO.SYS
>>>>>>472 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>472 string x \b %-.2s
>>>>>>>>474 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>474 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>>479 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>479 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>480 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>480 string x \b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>>483 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b+
>>>>>>>>483 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>488 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>488 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>>>491 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>491 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>>390 string Invalid\ system\ disk\xFF\r\n
>>>412 string Disk\ I/O\ error\xFF\r\n
>>>>429 string Replace\ the\ disk,\ and\040
>>>>>451 string then\ press\ any\ key\r \b, Microsoft Windows 98 Bootloader
>>388 string Ungueltiges\ System\ \xFF\r\n
>>>410 string E/A-Fehler\ \ \ \ \xFF\r\n
>>>>427 string Datentraeger\ wechseln\ und\040
>>>>>453 string Taste\ druecken\r \b, Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME Bootloader (german)
#WINBOOT.SYS only not spaces (0xDF)
>>>>>>497 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>497 string x %-.5s
>>>>>>>>502 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>502 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>>>>503 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>503 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>>>>>>504 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>504 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>505 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>505 string x \b.%-.3s
#IO.SYS
>>>>>>472 ubyte&0xDF >0 or
>>>>>>>472 string x \b %-.2s
>>>>>>>>474 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>474 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>>479 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>479 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>480 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>480 string x \b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>>483 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b+
>>>>>>>>483 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>488 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>488 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>>>491 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>491 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>>390 string Ungueltiges\ System\ \xFF\r\n
>>>412 string E/A-Fehler\ \ \ \ \xFF\r\n
>>>>429 string Datentraeger\ wechseln\ und\040
>>>>>455 string Taste\ druecken\r \b, Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME Bootloader (German)
#WINBOOT.SYS only not spaces (0xDF)
>>>>>>497 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>497 string x %-.7s
>>>>>>>>504 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>504 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>505 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>505 string x \b.%-.3s
#IO.SYS
>>>>>>472 ubyte&0xDF >0 or
>>>>>>>472 string x \b %-.2s
>>>>>>>>474 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>474 string x \b%-.6s
>>>>>>>480 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>480 string x \b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>>483 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b+
>>>>>>>>483 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>>488 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>488 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>>>491 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>491 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>>389 string Ungueltiges\ System\ \xFF\r\n
>>>411 string E/A-Fehler\ \ \ \ \xFF\r\n
>>>>428 string Datentraeger\ wechseln\ und\040
>>>>>454 string Taste\ druecken\r \b, Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME Bootloader (GERMAN)
# DOS names like IO.SYS,WINBOOT.SYS,MSDOS.SYS,WINBOOT.INI are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>>>>472 string x %-.2s
>>>>>>>474 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>474 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>479 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>479 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>480 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>480 string x \b.%-.3s
>>>>>>483 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b+
>>>>>>>483 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>488 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>488 string x \b%-.2s
>>>>>>>>490 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>490 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>491 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>491 string x \b.%-.3s
>479 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>416 string Kein\ System\ oder\040
>>>433 string Laufwerksfehler
>>>>450 string Wechseln\ und\ Taste\ dr\201cken \b, Microsoft DOS Bootloader (german)
#IO.SYS
>>>>>479 string x \b %-.2s
>>>>>>481 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>481 string x \b%-.6s
>>>>>487 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>487 string x \b.%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS
>>>>>>490 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b+
>>>>>>>490 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>495 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>495 string x \b%-.3s
>>>>>>>498 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>498 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>376 search/41 Non-System\ disk\ or\040
>>395 search/41 disk\ error\r
>>>407 search/41 Replace\ and\040
>>>>419 search/41 press\ \b,
>>>>419 search/41 strike\ \b, old
>>>>426 search/41 any\ key\ when\ ready\r MS or PC-DOS bootloader
#449 Disk\ Boot\ failure\r MS 3.21
#466 Boot\ Failure\r MS 3.30
>>>>>468 search/18 \0
#IO.SYS,IBMBIO.COM
>>>>>>&0 string x \b %-.2s
>>>>>>>&-20 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>&-1 string x \b%-.4s
>>>>>>>>>&-16 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>&-1 string x \b%-.2s
>>>>>>&8 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b.
>>>>>>>&-1 string x \b%-.3s
#MSDOS.SYS,IBMDOS.COM
>>>>>>&11 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b+
>>>>>>>&-1 string x \b%-.5s
>>>>>>>>&-6 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>&-1 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>>>>&-5 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>&-1 string x \b%-.2s
>>>>>>>&7 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b.
>>>>>>>>&-1 string x \b%-.3s
>441 string Cannot\ load\ from\ harddisk.\n\r
>>469 string Insert\ Systemdisk\040
>>>487 string and\ press\ any\ key.\n\r \b, MS (2.11) DOS bootloader
#>43 string \224R-LOADER\ \ SYS =label
>54 string SYS
>>324 string VASKK
>>>495 string NEWLDR\0 \b, DR-DOS Bootloader (LOADER.SYS)
#
>98 string Press\ a\ key\ to\ retry\0\r
>>120 string Cannot\ find\ file\ \0\r
>>>139 string Disk\ read\ error\0\r
>>>>156 string Loading\ ...\0 \b, DR-DOS (3.41) Bootloader
#DRBIOS.SYS
>>>>>44 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>44 string x \b %-.6s
>>>>>>>50 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>50 string x \b%-.2s
>>>>>>52 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>52 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>70 string IBMBIO\ \ COM
>>472 string Cannot\ load\ DOS!\040
>>>489 string Any\ key\ to\ retry \b, DR-DOS Bootloader
>>471 string Cannot\ load\ DOS\040
>>487 string press\ key\ to\ retry \b, Open-DOS Bootloader
#??
>444 string KERNEL\ \ SYS
>>314 string BOOT\ error! \b, FREE-DOS Bootloader
>499 string KERNEL\ \ SYS
>>305 string BOOT\ err!\0 \b, Free-DOS Bootloader
>449 string KERNEL\ \ SYS
>>319 string BOOT\ error! \b, FREE-DOS 0.5 Bootloader
#
>449 string Loading\ FreeDOS
>>0x1AF ulelong >0 \b, FREE-DOS 0.95,1.0 Bootloader
>>>497 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>497 string x \b %-.6s
>>>>>503 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>503 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>504 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>505 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>505 string x \b.%-.3s
#
>331 string Error!.0 \b, FREE-DOS 1.0 bootloader
#
>125 string Loading\ FreeDOS...\r
>>311 string BOOT\ error!\r \b, FREE-DOS bootloader
>>>441 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>441 string x \b %-.6s
>>>>>447 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>447 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>448 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>448 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>449 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>449 string x \b.%-.3s
>124 string FreeDOS\0
>>331 string \ err\0 \b, FREE-DOS BETa 0.9 Bootloader
# DOS names like KERNEL.SYS,KERNEL16.SYS,KERNEL32.SYS,METAKERN.SYS are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>497 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>497 string x \b %-.6s
>>>>>503 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>503 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>504 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>505 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>505 string x \b.%-.3s
>>333 string \ err\0 \b, FREE-DOS BEta 0.9 Bootloader
>>>497 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>497 string x \b %-.6s
>>>>>503 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>503 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>504 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>505 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>505 string x \b.%-.3s
>>334 string \ err\0 \b, FREE-DOS Beta 0.9 Bootloader
>>>497 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>497 string x \b %-.6s
>>>>>503 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>503 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>504 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>505 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>505 string x \b.%-.3s
>336 string Error!\040
>>343 string Hit\ a\ key\ to\ reboot. \b, FREE-DOS Beta 0.9sr1 Bootloader
>>>497 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>497 string x \b %-.6s
>>>>>503 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>503 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>>>>504 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>504 string x \b%-.1s
>>>>505 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>505 string x \b.%-.3s
# added by Joerg Jenderek
# https://www.visopsys.org/
# https://partitionlogic.org.uk/
# OEM-ID=Visopsys
>478 ulelong 0
>>(1.b+326) string I/O\ Error\ reading\040
>>>(1.b+344) string Visopsys\ loader\r
>>>>(1.b+361) string Press\ any\ key\ to\ continue.\r \b, Visopsys loader
# http://alexfru.chat.ru/epm.html#bootprog
>494 ubyte >0x4D
>>495 string >E
>>>495 string <S
#OEM-ID is not reliable
>>>>3 string BootProg
# It just looks for a program file name at the root directory
# and loads corresponding file with following execution.
# DOS names like STARTUP.BIN,STARTUPC.COM,STARTUPE.EXE are 8 right space padded bytes+3 bytes
>>>>499 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b, COM/EXE Bootloader
>>>>>499 use DOS-filename
#If the boot sector fails to read any other sector,
#it prints a very short message ("RE") to the screen and hangs the computer.
#If the boot sector fails to find needed program in the root directory,
#it also hangs with another message ("NF").
>>>>>492 string RENF \b, FAT (12 bit)
>>>>>495 string RENF \b, FAT (16 bit)
#If the boot sector fails to read any other sector,
#it prints a very short message ("RE") to the screen and hangs the computer.
# x86 bootloader end

# added by Joerg Jenderek at Feb 2013 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/MSWIN41.htm#FSINFO
# and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table#FS_Information_Sector
>0 string RRaA
>>0x1E4 string rrAa \b, FSInfosector
#>>0x1FC uleshort =0 SHOULD BE ZERO
>>>0x1E8 ulelong <0xffffffff \b, %u free clusters
>>>0x1EC ulelong <0xffffffff \b, last allocated cluster %u

# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2007
>3 ubyte 0
#no active flag
>>446 ubyte 0
# partition 1 not empty
>>>450 ubyte >0
# partitions 3,4 empty
>>>>482 ubyte 0
>>>>>498 ubyte 0
# partition 2 ID=0,5,15
>>>>>>466 ubyte <0x10
>>>>>>>466 ubyte 0x05 \b, extended partition table
>>>>>>>466 ubyte 0x0F \b, extended partition table (LBA)
>>>>>>>466 ubyte 0x0 \b, extended partition table (last)

# DOS x86 sector separated and moved from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at May 2011

>0x200 lelong 0x82564557 \b, BSD disklabel

# by Joerg Jenderek at Apr 2013
# Print the DOS filenames from directory entry form with 8 right space padded bytes + 3 bytes for extension
# like IO.SYS. MSDOS.SYS , KERNEL.SYS , DRBIO.SYS
0 name DOS-filename
# space=0x20 (00100000b) means empty
>0 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>0 ubyte x \b%c
>>>1 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>1 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>>2 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>2 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>>>>3 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>3 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>>>>>>4 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>4 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>>>>>>>>5 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>5 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>>>>>>>>>>6 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7 ubyte x \b%c
# DOS filename extension
>>8 ubyte&0xDF >0 \b.
>>>8 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>9 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>9 ubyte x \b%c
>>>>>>10 ubyte&0xDF >0
>>>>>>>10 ubyte x \b%c
# Print 2 following DOS filenames from directory entry form
# like IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS or ibmbio.com+ibmdos.com
0 name 2xDOS-filename
# display 1 space
>0 ubyte x \b
>0 use DOS-filename
>11 ubyte x \b+
>11 use DOS-filename

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record#PTE
# display standard partition table
0 name partition-table
#>0 ubyte x PARTITION-TABLE
# test and display 1st til 4th partition table entry
>0 use partition-entry-test
>16 use partition-entry-test
>32 use partition-entry-test
>48 use partition-entry-test
# test for entry of partition table
0 name partition-entry-test
# partition type ID > 0
>4 ubyte >0
# active flag 0
>>0 ubyte 0
>>>0 use partition-entry
# active flag 0x80, 0x81, ...
>>0 ubyte >0x7F
>>>0 use partition-entry
# Print entry of partition table
0 name partition-entry
# partition type ID > 0
>4 ubyte >0 \b; partition
>>64 leshort 0xAA55 1
>>48 leshort 0xAA55 2
>>32 leshort 0xAA55 3
>>16 leshort 0xAA55 4
>>4 ubyte x : ID=%#x
>>0 ubyte&0x80 0x80 \b, active
>>0 ubyte >0x80 %#x
>>1 ubyte x \b, start-CHS (
>>1 use partition-chs
>>5 ubyte x \b), end-CHS (
>>5 use partition-chs
>>8 ulelong x \b), startsector %u
>>12 ulelong x \b, %u sectors
# Print cylinder,head,sector (CHS) of partition entry
0 name partition-chs
# cylinder
>1 ubyte x \b0x
>1 ubyte&0xC0 0x40 \b1
>1 ubyte&0xC0 0x80 \b2
>1 ubyte&0xC0 0xC0 \b3
>2 ubyte x \b%x
# head
>0 ubyte x \b,%u
# sector
>1 ubyte&0x3F x \b,%u

# FATX
0 string FATX FATX filesystem data

# romfs filesystems - Juan Cespedes <[email protected]>
0 string -rom1fs- romfs filesystem, version 1
>8 belong x %d bytes,
>16 string x named %s.

# netboot image - Juan Cespedes <[email protected]>
0 lelong 0x1b031336L Netboot image,
>4 lelong&0xFFFFFF00 0
>>4 lelong&0x100 0x000 mode 2
>>4 lelong&0x100 0x100 mode 3
>4 lelong&0xFFFFFF00 !0 unknown mode

0x18b string OS/2 OS/2 Boot Manager

# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Oct 2008 and Sep 2012
# https://syslinux.zytor.com/iso.php
# tested with versions 1.47,1.48,1.49,1.50,1.62,1.76,2.00,2.10;3.00,3.11,3.31,;3.70,3.71,3.73,3.75,3.80,3.82,3.84,3.86,4.01,4.03 and 4.05
# assembler instructions: cli;jmp 0:7Cyy (yy=0x40,0x5e,0x6c,0x6e,0x77);nop;nop
0 ulequad&0x909000007cc0eafa 0x909000007c40eafa
>631 search/689 ISOLINUX\ isolinux Loader
>>&0 string x (version %-4.4s)
# https://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php
# assembler instructions: jmp 7C05
0 ulelong 0x007c05ea pxelinux loader (version 2.13 or older)
# assembler instructions: pushfd;pushad
0 ulelong 0x60669c66 pxelinux loader
# assembler instructions: jmp 05
0 ulelong 0xc00005ea pxelinux loader (version 3.70 or newer)
# https://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/SYSLINUX
0 string LDLINUX\ SYS\ SYSLINUX loader
>12 string x (older version %-4.4s)
0 string \r\nSYSLINUX\ SYSLINUX loader
>11 string x (version %-4.4s)
# syslinux updated and separated from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2012
# assembler instructions: jmp yy (yy=0x3c,0x58);nop;"SYSLINUX"
0 ulelong&0x80909bEB 0x009018EB
# OEM-ID not always "SYSLINUX"
>434 search/47 Boot\ failed
# followed by \r\n\0 or :\
>>482 search/132 \0LDLINUX\ SYS Syslinux bootloader (version 2.13 or older)
>>1 ubyte 0x58 Syslinux bootloader (version 3.0-3.9)
>459 search/30 Boot\ error\r\n\0
>>1 ubyte 0x58 Syslinux bootloader (version 3.10 or newer)
# SYSLINUX MBR updated and separated from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at Sep 2012
# assembler instructions: mov di,0600h;mov cx,0100h
16 search/4 \xbf\x00\x06\xb9\x00\x01
# to display SYSLINUX MBR (36) before old DOS/MBR boot sector one with partition table (strength=50+21)
!:strength +36
>94 search/249 Missing\ operating\ system
# followed by \r for versions older 3.35 , .\r for versions newer 3.52 and point for other
# skip Ranish MBR
>>408 search/4 HD1/\0
>>408 default x
>>>250 search/118 \0Operating\ system\ load SYSLINUX MBR
# followed by "ing " or space
>>>>292 search/98 error
>>>>>&0 string \r (version 3.35 or older)
>>>>>&0 string .\r (version 3.52 or newer)
>>>>>&0 default x (version 3.36-3.51 )
>368 search/106 \0Disk\ error\ on\ boot\r\n SYSLINUX GPT-MBR
>>156 search/10 \0Boot\ partition\ not\ found\r\n
>>>270 search/10 \0OS\ not\ bootable\r\n (version 3.86 or older)
>>174 search/10 \0Missing\ OS\r\n
>>>189 search/10 \0Multiple\ active\ partitions\r\n (version 4.00 or newer)
# SYSLINUX END

# NetBSD mbr variants (master-boot-code version 1.22) added by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012
# assembler instructions: xor ax,ax;mov ax,ss;mov sp,0x7c00;mov ax,
0 ubequad 0x31c08ed0bc007c8e
# mbr_bootsel magic before partition table not reliable with small ipl fragments
#>444 uleshort 0xb5e1
>0004 uleshort x
# ERRorTeXT
>>181 search/166 Error\ \0\r\n NetBSD mbr
# NT Drive Serial Number https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/Win2kmbr.htm#DS
>>>0x1B8 ubelong >0 \b,Serial %#-.8x
# BOOTSEL definitions contains assembler instructions: int 0x13;pop dx;push dx;push dx
>>>0xbb search/71 \xcd\x13\x5a\x52\x52 \b,bootselector
# BOOT_EXTENDED definitions contains assembler instructions:
# xchg ecx,edx;addl ecx,edx;movw lba_info,si;movb 0x42,ah;pop dx;push dx;int 0x13
>>>0x96 search/1 \x66\x87\xca\x66\x01\xca\x66\x89\x16\x3a\x07\xbe\x32\x07\xb4\x42\x5a\x52\xcd\x13 \b,boot extended
# COM_PORT_VAL definitions contains assembler instructions: outb al,dx;add 5,dl;inb %dx;test 0x40,al
>>>0x130 search/55 \xee\x80\xc2\x05\xec\xa8\x40 \b,serial IO
# not TERSE_ERROR
>>>196 search/106 No\ active\ partition\0
>>>>&0 string Disk\ read\ error\0
>>>>>&0 string No\ operating\ system\0 \b,verbose
# not NO_CHS definitions contains assembler instructions: pop dx;push dx;movb $8,ah;int0x13
>>>0x7d search/7 \x5a\x52\xb4\x08\xcd\x13 \b,CHS
# not NO_LBA_CHECK definitions contains assembler instructions: movw 0x55aa,bx;movb 0x41,ah;pop dx;push dx;int 0x13
>>>0xa4 search/84 \xbb\xaa\x55\xb4\x41\x5a\x52\xcd\x13 \b,LBA-check
# assembler instructions: movw nametab,bx
>>>0x26 search/21 \xBB\x94\x07
# not NO_BANNER definitions contains assembler instructions: mov banner,si;call message_crlf
>>>>&-9 ubequad&0xBE00f0E800febb94 0xBE0000E80000bb94
>>>>>181 search/166 Error\ \0
# "a: disk" , "Fn: diskn" or "NetBSD MBR boot"
>>>>>>&3 string x \b,"%s"
>>>446 use partition-table
# Andrea Mazzoleni AdvanceCD mbr loader of http://advancemame.sourceforge.net/boot-readme.html
# added by Joerg Jenderek at Nov 2012 for versions 1.3 - 1.4
# assembler instructions: jmp short 0x58;nop;ASCII
0 ubequad&0xeb58908000000000 0xeb58900000000000
# assembler instructions: cli;xor ax,ax;mov ds,ax;mov es,ax;mov ss,
>(1.b+2) ubequad 0xfa31c08ed88ec08e
# Error messages at end of code
>>376 string No\ operating\ system\r\n\0
>>>398 string Disk\ error\r\n\0FDD\0HDD\0
>>>>419 string \ EBIOS\r\n\0 AdvanceMAME mbr

# Neil Turton mbr loader variant of https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~neilt/mbr/
# added by Joerg Jenderek at Mar 2011 for versions 1.0.0 - 1.1.11
# for 1st version assembler instructions: cld;xor ax,ax;mov DS,ax;MOV ES,AX;mov SI,
# or cld;xor ax,ax;mov SS,ax;XOR SP,SP;mov DS,
0 ulequad&0xcE1b40D48EC031FC 0x8E0000D08EC031FC
# pointer to the data starting with Neil Turton signature string
>(0x1BC.s) string NDTmbr
>>&-14 string 1234F\0 Turton mbr (
# parameters also viewed by install-mbr --list
>>>(0x1BC.s+7) ubyte x \b%u<=
>>>(0x1BC.s+9) ubyte x \bVersion<=%u
#>>>(0x1BC.s+8) ubyte x asm_flag_%x
>>>(0x1BC.s+8) ubyte&1 1 \b,Y2K-Fix
# variant used by testdisk of https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/Menu_MBRCode
>>>(0x1BC.s+8) ubyte&2 2 \b,TestDisk
#0x1~1,..,0x8~4,0x10~F,0x80~A enabled
#>>>(0x1BC.s+10) ubyte x \b,flags %#x
#0x0~1,0x1~2,...,0x3~4,0x4~F,0x7~D default boot
#>>>(0x1BC.s+11) ubyte x \b,cfg_def %#x
# for older versions
>>>(0x1BC.s+9) ubyte <2
#>>>>(0x1BC.s+12) ubyte 18 \b,%hhu/18 seconds
>>>>(0x1BC.s+12) ubyte !18 \b,%u/18 seconds
# floppy A: or B:
>>>>(0x1BC.s+13) ubyte <2 \b,floppy %#x
>>>>(0x1BC.s+13) ubyte >1
# 1st hard disc
#>>>>>(0x1BC.s+13) ubyte 0x80 \b,drive %#x
# not 1st hard disc
>>>>>(0x1BC.s+13) ubyte !0x80 \b,drive %#x
# for version >= 2 maximal timeout can be 65534
>>>(0x1BC.s+9) ubyte >1
#>>>>(0x1BC.s+12) uleshort 18 \b,%u/18 seconds
>>>>(0x1BC.s+12) uleshort !18 \b,%u/18 seconds
# floppy A: or B:
>>>>(0x1BC.s+14) ubyte <2 \b,floppy %#x
>>>>(0x1BC.s+14) ubyte >1
# 1st hard disc
#>>>>>(0x1BC.s+14) ubyte 0x80 \b,drive %#x
# not 1st hard disc
>>>>>(0x1BC.s+14) ubyte !0x80 \b,drive %#x
>>>0 ubyte x \b)

# added by Joerg Jenderek
# In the second sector (+0x200) are variables according to grub-0.97/stage2/asm.S or
# grub-1.94/kern/i386/pc/startup.S
# https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Embedded-data
# usual values are marked with comments to get only information of strange GRUB loaders
0x200 uleshort 0x70EA
# found only version 3.{1,2}
>0x206 ubeshort >0x0300
# GRUB version (0.5.)95,0.93,0.94,0.96,0.97 > "00"
>>0x212 ubyte >0x29
>>>0x213 ubyte >0x29
# not iso9660_stage1_5
#>>>0 ulelong&0x00BE5652 0x00BE5652
>>>>0x213 ubyte >0x29 GRand Unified Bootloader
# config_file for stage1_5 is 0xffffffff + default "/boot/grub/stage2"
>>>>0x217 ubyte 0xFF stage1_5
>>>>0x217 ubyte <0xFF stage2
>>>>0x206 ubyte x \b version %u
>>>>0x207 ubyte x \b.%u
# module_size for 1.94
>>>>0x208 ulelong <0xffffff \b, installed partition %u
#>>>>0x208 ulelong =0xffffff \b, %lu (default)
>>>>0x208 ulelong >0xffffff \b, installed partition %u
# GRUB 0.5.95 unofficial
>>>>0x20C ulelong&0x2E300000 0x2E300000
# 0=stage2 1=ffs 2=e2fs 3=fat 4=minix 5=reiserfs
>>>>>0x20C ubyte x \b, identifier %#x
#>>>>>0x20D ubyte =0 \b, LBA flag %#x (default)
>>>>>0x20D ubyte >0 \b, LBA flag %#x
# GRUB version as string
>>>>>0x20E string >\0 \b, GRUB version %-s
# for stage1_5 is 0xffffffff + config_file "/boot/grub/stage2" default
>>>>>>0x215 ulong 0xffffffff
>>>>>>>0x219 string >\0 \b, configuration file %-s
>>>>>>0x215 ulong !0xffffffff
>>>>>>>0x215 string >\0 \b, configuration file %-s
# newer GRUB versions
>>>>0x20C ulelong&0x2E300000 !0x2E300000
##>>>>>0x20C ulelong =0 \b, saved entry %d (usual)
>>>>>0x20C ulelong >0 \b, saved entry %d
# for 1.94 contains kernel image size
# for 0.93,0.94,0.96,0.97
# 0=stage2 1=ffs 2=e2fs 3=fat 4=minix 5=reiserfs 6=vstafs 7=jfs 8=xfs 9=iso9660 a=ufs2
>>>>>0x210 ubyte x \b, identifier %#x
# The flag for LBA forcing is in most cases 0
#>>>>>0x211 ubyte =0 \b, LBA flag %#x (default)
>>>>>0x211 ubyte >0 \b, LBA flag %#x
# GRUB version as string
>>>>>0x212 string >\0 \b, GRUB version %-s
# for stage1_5 is 0xffffffff + config_file "/boot/grub/stage2" default
>>>>>0x217 ulong 0xffffffff
>>>>>>0x21b string >\0 \b, configuration file %-s
>>>>>0x217 ulong !0xffffffff
>>>>>>0x217 string >\0 \b, configuration file %-s

# DOS x86 sector updated and separated from "DOS/MBR boot sector" by Joerg Jenderek at May 2011
# JuMP short bootcodeoffset NOP assembler instructions will usually be EB xx 90
# over BIOS parameter block (BPB)
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/2bytejumps.htm#FWD
# older drives may use Near JuMP instruction E9 xx xx
# minimal short forward jump found 0x29 for bootloaders or 0x0
# maximal short forward jump is 0x7f
# OEM-ID is empty or contain readable bytes
0 ulelong&0x804000E9 0x000000E9
!:strength +60
# mtools-3.9.8/msdos.h
# usual values are marked with comments to get only information of strange FAT systems
# valid sectorsize must be a power of 2 from 32 to 32768
>11 uleshort&0x001f 0
>>11 uleshort <32769
>>>11 uleshort >31
>>>>21 ubyte&0xf0 0xF0
>>>>>0 ubyte 0xEB DOS/MBR boot sector
>>>>>>1 ubyte x \b, code offset %#x+2
>>>>>0 ubyte 0xE9
>>>>>>1 uleshort x \b, code offset %#x+3
>>>>>3 string >\0 \b, OEM-ID "%-.8s"
#http://mirror.href.com/thestarman/asm/debug/debug2.htm#IHC
>>>>>>8 string IHC \b cached by Windows 9M
>>>>>11 uleshort >512 \b, Bytes/sector %u
#>>>>>11 uleshort =512 \b, Bytes/sector %u=512 (usual)
>>>>>11 uleshort <512 \b, Bytes/sector %u
>>>>>13 ubyte >1 \b, sectors/cluster %u
#>>>>>13 ubyte =1 \b, sectors/cluster %u (usual on Floppies)
# for lazy FAT32 implementation like Transcend digital photo frame PF830
>>>>>82 string/c fat32
>>>>>>14 uleshort !32 \b, reserved sectors %u
#>>>>>>14 uleshort =32 \b, reserved sectors %u (usual Fat32)
>>>>>82 string/c !fat32
>>>>>>14 uleshort >1 \b, reserved sectors %u
#>>>>>>14 uleshort =1 \b, reserved sectors %u (usual FAT12,FAT16)
#>>>>>>14 uleshort 0 \b, reserved sectors %u (usual NTFS)
>>>>>16 ubyte >2 \b, FATs %u
#>>>>>16 ubyte =2 \b, FATs %u (usual)
>>>>>16 ubyte =1 \b, FAT %u
>>>>>16 ubyte >0
>>>>>17 uleshort >0 \b, root entries %u
#>>>>>17 uleshort =0 \b, root entries %hu=0 (usual Fat32)
>>>>>19 uleshort >0 \b, sectors %u (volumes <=32 MB)
#>>>>>19 uleshort =0 \b, sectors %hu=0 (usual Fat32)
>>>>>21 ubyte >0xF0 \b, Media descriptor %#x
#>>>>>21 ubyte =0xF0 \b, Media descriptor %#x (usual floppy)
>>>>>21 ubyte <0xF0 \b, Media descriptor %#x
>>>>>22 uleshort >0 \b, sectors/FAT %u
#>>>>>22 uleshort =0 \b, sectors/FAT %hu=0 (usual Fat32)
>>>>>24 uleshort x \b, sectors/track %u
>>>>>26 ubyte >2 \b, heads %u
#>>>>>26 ubyte =2 \b, heads %u (usual floppy)
>>>>>26 ubyte =1 \b, heads %u
# valid only for sector sizes with more then 32 Bytes
>>>>>11 uleshort >32
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system#Extended_BIOS_Parameter_Block
# skip for values 2,2Ah,70h,73h,DFh
# and continue for extended boot signature values 0,28h,29h,80h
>>>>>>38 ubyte&0x56 =0
>>>>>>>28 ulelong >0 \b, hidden sectors %u
#>>>>>>>28 ulelong =0 \b, hidden sectors %u (usual floppy)
>>>>>>>32 ulelong >0 \b, sectors %u (volumes > 32 MB)
#>>>>>>>32 ulelong =0 \b, sectors %u (volumes > 32 MB)
# FAT<32 bit specific
>>>>>>>82 string/c !fat32
#>>>>>>>>36 ubyte 0x80 \b, physical drive %#x=0x80 (usual harddisk)
#>>>>>>>>36 ubyte 0 \b, physical drive %#x=0 (usual floppy)
>>>>>>>>36 ubyte !0x80
>>>>>>>>>36 ubyte !0 \b, physical drive %#x
# VGA-copy CRC or
# in Windows NT bit 0 is a dirty flag to request chkdsk at boot time. bit 1 requests surface scan too
>>>>>>>>37 ubyte >0 \b, reserved %#x
#>>>>>>>>37 ubyte =0 \b, reserved %#x
# extended boot signature value is 0x80 for NTFS, 0x28 or 0x29 for others
>>>>>>>>38 ubyte !0x29 \b, dos < 4.0 BootSector (%#x)
>>>>>>>>38 ubyte&0xFE =0x28
>>>>>>>>>39 ulelong x \b, serial number %#x
>>>>>>>>38 ubyte =0x29
>>>>>>>>>43 string <NO\ NAME \b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>>>43 string >NO\ NAME \b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>>>43 string =NO\ NAME \b, unlabeled
# there exist some old floppies without word FAT at offset 54
# a word like "FATnm " is only a hint for a FAT size on nm-bits
# Normally the number of clusters is calculated by the values of BPP.
# if it is small enough FAT is 12 bit, if it is too big enough FAT is 32 bit,
# otherwise FAT is 16 bit.
# http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/determining-fat-widths.html
>>>>>82 string/c !fat32
>>>>>>54 string FAT12 \b, FAT (12 bit)
>>>>>>54 string FAT16 \b, FAT (16 bit)
>>>>>>54 default x
# determinate FAT bit size by media descriptor
# small floppies implies FAT12
>>>>>>>21 ubyte <0xF0 \b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor)
# with media descriptor F0h floppy or maybe superfloppy with FAT16
>>>>>>>21 ubyte =0xF0
# superfloppy (many sectors) implies FAT16
>>>>>>>>32 ulelong >0xFFFF \b, FAT (16 bit by descriptor+sectors)
# no superfloppy with media descriptor F0h implies FAT12
>>>>>>>>32 default x \b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor+sectors)
# with media descriptor F8h floppy or hard disc with FAT12 or FAT16
>>>>>>>21 ubyte =0xF8
# 360 KiB with media descriptor F8h, 9 sectors per track ,single sided floppy implies FAT12
>>>>>>>>19 ubequad 0xd002f80300090001 \b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor+geometry)
# hard disc with FAT12 or FAT16
>>>>>>>>19 default x \b, FAT (1Y bit by descriptor)
# with media descriptor FAh floppy, RAM disc with FAT12 or FAT16 or Tandy hard disc
>>>>>>>21 ubyte =0xFA
# 320 KiB with media descriptor FAh, 8 sectors per track ,single sided floppy implies FAT12
>>>>>>>>19 ubequad 0x8002fa0200080001 \b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor+geometry)
# RAM disc with FAT12 or FAT16 or Tandy hard disc
>>>>>>>>19 default x \b, FAT (1Y bit by descriptor)
# others are floppy
>>>>>>>21 default x \b, FAT (12 bit by descriptor)
# FAT32 bit specific
>>>>>82 string/c fat32 \b, FAT (32 bit)
>>>>>>36 ulelong x \b, sectors/FAT %u
# https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc977221.aspx
>>>>>>40 uleshort >0 \b, extension flags %#x
#>>>>>>40 uleshort =0 \b, extension flags %hu
>>>>>>42 uleshort >0 \b, fsVersion %u
#>>>>>>42 uleshort =0 \b, fsVersion %u (usual)
>>>>>>44 ulelong >2 \b, rootdir cluster %u
#>>>>>>44 ulelong =2 \b, rootdir cluster %u
#>>>>>>44 ulelong =1 \b, rootdir cluster %u
>>>>>>48 uleshort >1 \b, infoSector %u
#>>>>>>48 uleshort =1 \b, infoSector %u (usual)
>>>>>>48 uleshort <1 \b, infoSector %u
# 0 or 0xFFFF instead of usual 6 means no backup sector
>>>>>>50 uleshort =0xFFFF \b, no Backup boot sector
>>>>>>50 uleshort =0 \b, no Backup boot sector
#>>>>>>50 uleshort =6 \b, Backup boot sector %u (usual)
>>>>>>50 default x
>>>>>>>50 uleshort x \b, Backup boot sector %u
# corrected by Joerg Jenderek at Feb 2011 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/MSWIN41.htm#FSINFO
>>>>>>52 ulelong >0 \b, reserved1 %#x
>>>>>>56 ulelong >0 \b, reserved2 %#x
>>>>>>60 ulelong >0 \b, reserved3 %#x
# same structure as FAT1X
#>>>>>>64 ubyte =0x80 \b, physical drive %#x=80 (usual harddisk)
#>>>>>>64 ubyte =0 \b, physical drive %#x=0 (usual floppy)
>>>>>>64 ubyte !0x80
>>>>>>>64 ubyte >0 \b, physical drive %#x
# in Windows NT bit 0 is a dirty flag to request chkdsk at boot time. bit 1 requests surface scan too
>>>>>>65 ubyte >0 \b, reserved %#x
>>>>>>66 ubyte !0x29 \b, dos < 4.0 BootSector (%#x)
>>>>>>66 ubyte =0x29
>>>>>>>67 ulelong x \b, serial number %#x
>>>>>>>71 string <NO\ NAME \b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>71 string >NO\ NAME \b, label: "%11.11s"
>>>>>>>71 string =NO\ NAME \b, unlabeled
# additional tests for floppy image added by Joerg Jenderek
# no fixed disk
>>>>>21 ubyte !0xF8
# floppy media with 12 bit FAT
>>>>>>54 string !FAT16
# test for FAT after bootsector
>>>>>>>(11.s) ulelong&0x00ffffF0 0x00ffffF0 \b, followed by FAT
# floppy image
!:mime application/x-ima
# NTFS specific added by Joerg Jenderek at Mar 2011 according to https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/NTFSBR.htm
# and http://homepage.ntlworld.com/jonathan.deboynepollard/FGA/bios-parameter-block.html
# 0 FATs
>>>>>16 ubyte =0
# 0 root entries
>>>>>>17 uleshort =0
# 0 DOS sectors
>>>>>>>19 uleshort =0
# 0 sectors/FAT
# dos < 4.0 BootSector value found is 0x80
#38 ubyte =0x80 \b, dos < 4.0 BootSector (%#x)
>>>>>>>>22 uleshort =0 \b; NTFS
>>>>>>>>>24 uleshort >0 \b, sectors/track %u
>>>>>>>>>36 ulelong !0x800080 \b, physical drive %#x
>>>>>>>>>40 ulequad >0 \b, sectors %lld
>>>>>>>>>48 ulequad >0 \b, $MFT start cluster %lld
>>>>>>>>>56 ulequad >0 \b, $MFTMirror start cluster %lld
# Values 0 to 127 represent MFT record sizes of 0 to 127 clusters.
# Values 128 to 255 represent MFT record sizes of 2^(256-N) bytes.
>>>>>>>>>64 lelong <256
>>>>>>>>>>64 lelong <128 \b, clusters/RecordSegment %d
>>>>>>>>>>64 ubyte >127 \b, bytes/RecordSegment 2^(-1*%i)
# Values 0 to 127 represent index block sizes of 0 to 127 clusters.
# Values 128 to 255 represent index block sizes of 2^(256-N) byte
>>>>>>>>>68 ulelong <256
>>>>>>>>>>68 ulelong <128 \b, clusters/index block %d
#>>>>>>>>>>68 ulelong >127 \b, bytes/index block 2^(256-%d)
>>>>>>>>>>68 ubyte >127 \b, bytes/index block 2^(-1*%i)
>>>>>>>>>72 ulequad x \b, serial number 0%llx
>>>>>>>>>80 ulelong >0 \b, checksum %#x
#>>>>>>>>>80 ulelong =0 \b, checksum %#x=0 (usual)
# unicode loadername size jump
>>>>>>>>>(0x200.s*2) ubyte x
# in next sector loadername terminated by unicode CTRL-D and $
>>>>>>>>>>&0x1FF ulequad&0x0000FFffFFffFF00 0x0000002400040000 \b; contains
# if 2nd NTFS sectors is found then assume whole filesystem
#!:mime application/x-raw-disk-image
!:ext img/bin/ntfs
>>>>>>>>>>>0x200 use ntfs-sector2

# For 2nd NTFS sector added by Joerg Jenderek at Jan 2013, Mar 2019
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/NTFSbrHexEd.htm
# unused assembler instructions short JMP y2;NOP;NOP
0x056 ulelong&0xFFFF0FFF 0x909002EB NTFS
#!:mime application/octet-stream
!:ext bin
>0 use ntfs-sector2
# https://memory.dataram.com/products-and-services/software/ramdisk
# assembler instructions JMP C000;NOP
0x056 ulelong 0x9000c0e9 NTFS
#!:mime application/octet-stream
!:ext bin
>0 use ntfs-sector2
# check for characteristics of second NTFS sector and then display loader name
0 name ntfs-sector2
# number of utf16 characters of loadername
>0 uleshort <8
# unused assembler instructions JMP y2;NOP;NOP or JMP C000;NOP
>>0x056 ulelong&0xFF0000FD 0x900000E9
# loadernames are NTLDR,CMLDR,PELDR,$LDR$ or BOOTMGR
>>>0x002 lestring16 x bootstrap %-5.5s
# check for 7 character length of loader name like BOOTMGR
>>>0 uleshort 7
>>>>0x0c lestring16 x \b%-2.2s
### DOS,NTFS boot sectors end

# ntfsclone-image is a special save format for NTFS volumes,
# created and restored by the ntfsclone program
0 string \0ntfsclone-image ntfsclone image,
>0x10 byte x version %d.
>0x11 byte x \b%d,
>0x12 lelong x cluster size %d,
>0x16 lequad x device size %lld,
>0x1e lequad x %lld total clusters,
>0x26 lequad x %lld clusters in use

0 name ffsv1
>8404 string x last mounted on %s,
#>9504 ledate x last checked at %s,
>8224 ledate x last written at %s,
>8401 byte x clean flag %d,
>8228 lelong x number of blocks %d,
>8232 lelong x number of data blocks %d,
>8236 lelong x number of cylinder groups %d,
>8240 lelong x block size %d,
>8244 lelong x fragment size %d,
>8252 lelong x minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>8256 lelong x rotational delay %dms,
>8260 lelong x disk rotational speed %drps,
>8320 lelong 0 TIME optimization
>8320 lelong 1 SPACE optimization

9564 lelong 0x00011954 Unix Fast File system [v1] (little-endian),
>0 use ffsv1

9564 belong 0x00011954 Unix Fast File system [v1] (big-endian),
>7168 belong 0x4c41424c Apple UFS Volume
>>7186 string x named %s,
>>7176 belong x volume label version %d,
>>7180 bedate x created on %s,
>0 use \^ffsv1

0 name ffsv2
>212 string x last mounted on %s,
>680 string >\0 volume name %s,
>1072 leqldate x last written at %s,
>209 byte x clean flag %d,
>210 byte x readonly flag %d,
>1080 lequad x number of blocks %lld,
>1088 lequad x number of data blocks %lld,
>44 lelong x number of cylinder groups %d,
>48 lelong x block size %d,
>52 lelong x fragment size %d,
>1196 lelong x average file size %d,
>1200 lelong x average number of files in dir %d,
>1104 lequad x pending blocks to free %lld,
>1112 lelong x pending inodes to free %d,
>712 lequad x system-wide uuid %0llx,
>60 lelong x minimum percentage of free blocks %d,
>128 lelong 0 TIME optimization
>128 lelong 1 SPACE optimization

42332 lelong 0x19012038 Unix Fast File system [v2ea] (little-endian)
>40960 use ffsv2

42332 lelong 0x19540119 Unix Fast File system [v2] (little-endian)
>40960 use ffsv2

42332 belong 0x19012038 Unix Fast File system [v2ea] (little-endian)
>40960 use \^ffsv2

42332 belong 0x19540119 Unix Fast File system [v2] (big-endian)
>40960 use \^ffsv2

66908 lelong 0x19012038 Unix Fast File system [v2ea] (little-endian)
>65536 use ffsv2

66908 lelong 0x19540119 Unix Fast File system [v2] (little-endian)
>65536 use ffsv2

66908 belong 0x19012038 Unix Fast File system [v2ea] (little-endian)
>65536 use \^ffsv2

66908 belong 0x19540119 Unix Fast File system [v2] (big-endian)
>65536 use \^ffsv2

0 ulequad 0xc8414d4dc5523031 HAMMER filesystem (little-endian),
>0x90 lelong+1 x volume %d
>0x94 lelong x (of %d),
>0x50 string x name %s,
>0x98 ulelong x version %u,
>0xa0 ulelong x flags %#x

0 ulequad 0x48414d3205172011 HAMMER2 filesystem (little-endian),
>0x3b byte x volume %d,
>0x28 ulequad/1073741824 x size %lluGB,
>0x30 ulelong x version %u,
>0x34 ulelong x flags %#x

# ext2/ext3 filesystems - Andreas Dilger <[email protected]>
# ext4 filesystem - Eric Sandeen <[email protected]>
# volume label and UUID Russell Coker
# https://etbe.coker.com.au/2008/07/08/label-vs-uuid-vs-device/
0x438 leshort 0xEF53 Linux
>0x44c lelong x rev %d
>0x43e leshort x \b.%d
# No journal? ext2
>0x45c lelong ^0x0000004 ext2 filesystem data
>>0x43a leshort ^0x0000001 (mounted or unclean)
# Has a journal? ext3 or ext4
>0x45c lelong &0x0000004
# and small INCOMPAT?
>>0x460 lelong <0x0000040
# and small RO_COMPAT?
>>>0x464 lelong <0x0000008 ext3 filesystem data
# else large RO_COMPAT?
>>>0x464 lelong >0x0000007 ext4 filesystem data
# else large INCOMPAT?
>>0x460 lelong >0x000003f ext4 filesystem data
>0x468 ubelong x \b, UUID=%08x
>0x46c ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x46e ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x470 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x472 ubelong x \b-%08x
>0x476 ubeshort x \b%04x
>0x478 string >0 \b, volume name "%s"
# General flags for any ext* fs
>0x460 lelong &0x0000004 (needs journal recovery)
>0x43a leshort &0x0000002 (errors)
# INCOMPAT flags
>0x460 lelong &0x0000001 (compressed)
#>0x460 lelong &0x0000002 (filetype)
#>0x460 lelong &0x0000010 (meta bg)
>0x460 lelong &0x0000040 (extents)
>0x460 lelong &0x0000080 (64bit)
#>0x460 lelong &0x0000100 (mmp)
#>0x460 lelong &0x0000200 (flex bg)
# RO_INCOMPAT flags
#>0x464 lelong &0x0000001 (sparse super)
>0x464 lelong &0x0000002 (large files)
>0x464 lelong &0x0000008 (huge files)
#>0x464 lelong &0x0000010 (gdt checksum)
#>0x464 lelong &0x0000020 (many subdirs)
#>0x463 lelong &0x0000040 (extra isize)

# f2fs filesystem - Tuomas Tynkkynen <[email protected]>
0x400 lelong 0xF2F52010 F2FS filesystem
>0x46c ubelong x \b, UUID=%08x
>0x470 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x472 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x474 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>0x476 ubelong x \b-%08x
>0x47a ubeshort x \b%04x
>0x147c lestring16 x \b, volume name "%s"

# Minix filesystems - Juan Cespedes <[email protected]>
0x410 leshort 0x137f
!:strength / 2
>0x402 beshort < 100
>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V1, 14 char names, %d zones
>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
0x410 beshort 0x137f
!:strength / 2
>0x402 beshort < 100
>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V1 (big endian), %d zones
>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
0x410 leshort 0x138f
!:strength / 2
>0x402 beshort < 100
>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V1, 30 char names, %d zones
>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
0x410 beshort 0x138f
!:strength / 2
>0x402 beshort < 100
>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V1, 30 char names (big endian), %d zones
>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
# Weak Magic: this is $x
#0x410 leshort 0x2468
#>0x402 beshort < 100
#>>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V2, 14 char names
#>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
#0x410 beshort 0x2468
#>0x402 beshort < 100
#>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V2 (big endian)
#>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
#0x410 leshort 0x2478
#>0x402 beshort < 100
#>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V2, 30 char names
#>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
#0x410 leshort 0x2478
#>0x402 beshort < 100
#>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V2, 30 char names
#>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
#0x410 beshort 0x2478
#>0x402 beshort !0 Minix filesystem, V2, 30 char names (big endian)
#>0x1e string minix \b, bootable
# Weak Magic! this is MD
#0x418 leshort 0x4d5a
#>0x402 beshort <100
#>>0x402 beshort > -1 Minix filesystem, V3, 60 char names

# SGI disk labels - Nathan Scott <[email protected]>
0 belong 0x0BE5A941 SGI disk label (volume header)

# SGI XFS filesystem - Nathan Scott <[email protected]>
0 belong 0x58465342 SGI XFS filesystem data
>0x4 belong x (blksz %d,
>0x68 beshort x inosz %d,
>0x64 beshort ^0x2004 v1 dirs)
>0x64 beshort &0x2004 v2 dirs)

############################################################################
# Minix-ST kernel floppy
0x800 belong 0x46fc2700 Atari-ST Minix kernel image
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS_parameter_block
# floppies with valid BPB and any instruction at beginning
>19 string \240\005\371\005\0\011\0\2\0 \b, 720k floppy
>19 string \320\002\370\005\0\011\0\1\0 \b, 360k floppy

############################################################################
# Hmmm, is this a better way of detecting _standard_ floppy images ?
19 string \320\002\360\003\0\011\0\1\0 DOS floppy 360k
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 \b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector
19 string \240\005\371\003\0\011\0\2\0 DOS floppy 720k
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 \b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector
19 string \100\013\360\011\0\022\0\2\0 DOS floppy 1440k
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 \b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector

19 string \240\005\371\005\0\011\0\2\0 DOS floppy 720k, IBM
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 \b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector
19 string \100\013\371\005\0\011\0\2\0 DOS floppy 1440k, mkdosfs
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 \b, DOS/MBR hard disk boot sector

19 string \320\002\370\005\0\011\0\1\0 Atari-ST floppy 360k
19 string \240\005\371\005\0\011\0\2\0 Atari-ST floppy 720k
# | | | | |
# | | | | heads
# | | | sectors/track
# | | sectors/FAT
# | media descriptor
# BPB: sectors

# Valid media descriptor bytes for MS-DOS:
#
# Byte Capacity Media Size and Type
# -------------------------------------------------
#
# F0 2.88 MB 3.5-inch, 2-sided, 36-sector
# F0 1.44 MB 3.5-inch, 2-sided, 18-sector
# F9 720K 3.5-inch, 2-sided, 9-sector
# F9 1.2 MB 5.25-inch, 2-sided, 15-sector
# FD 360K 5.25-inch, 2-sided, 9-sector
# FF 320K 5.25-inch, 2-sided, 8-sector
# FC 180K 5.25-inch, 1-sided, 9-sector
# FE 160K 5.25-inch, 1-sided, 8-sector
# FE 250K 8-inch, 1-sided, single-density
# FD 500K 8-inch, 2-sided, single-density
# FE 1.2 MB 8-inch, 2-sided, double-density
# F8 ----- Fixed disk
#
# FC xxxK Apricot 70x1x9 boot disk.
#
# Originally a bitmap:
# xxxxxxx0 Not two sided
# xxxxxxx1 Double sided
# xxxxxx0x Not 8 SPT
# xxxxxx1x 8 SPT
# xxxxx0xx Not Removable drive
# xxxxx1xx Removable drive
# 11111xxx Must be one.
#
# But now it's rather random:
# 111111xx Low density disk
# 00 SS, Not 8 SPT
# 01 DS, Not 8 SPT
# 10 SS, 8 SPT
# 11 DS, 8 SPT
#
# 11111001 Double density 3 1/2 floppy disk, high density 5 1/4
# 11110000 High density 3 1/2 floppy disk
# 11111000 Hard disk any format
#

# all FAT12 (strength=70) floppies with sectorsize 512 added by Joerg Jenderek at Jun 2013
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table#Exceptions
# Too Weak.
#512 ubelong&0xE0ffff00 0xE0ffff00
# without valid Media descriptor in place of BPB, cases with are done at other places
#>21 ubyte <0xE5 floppy with old FAT filesystem
# but valid Media descriptor at begin of FAT
#>>512 ubyte =0xed 720k
#>>512 ubyte =0xf0 1440k
#>>512 ubyte =0xf8 720k
#>>512 ubyte =0xf9 1220k
#>>512 ubyte =0xfa 320k
#>>512 ubyte =0xfb 640k
#>>512 ubyte =0xfc 180k
# look like an old DOS directory entry
#>>>0xA0E ubequad 0
#>>>>0xA00 ubequad !0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>512 ubyte =0xfd
# look for 2nd FAT at different location to distinguish between 360k and 500k
#>>>0x600 ubelong&0xE0ffff00 0xE0ffff00 360k
#>>>0x500 ubelong&0xE0ffff00 0xE0ffff00 500k
#>>>0xA0E ubequad 0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>512 ubyte =0xfe
#>>>0x400 ubelong&0xE0ffff00 0xE0ffff00 160k
#>>>>0x60E ubequad 0
#>>>>>0x600 ubequad !0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>>0xC00 ubelong&0xE0ffff00 0xE0ffff00 1200k
#>>512 ubyte =0xff 320k
#>>>0x60E ubequad 0
#>>>>0x600 ubequad !0
#!:mime application/x-ima
#>>512 ubyte x \b, Media descriptor %#x
# without x86 jump instruction
#>>0 ulelong&0x804000E9 !0x000000E9
# assembler instructions: CLI;MOV SP,1E7;MOV AX;07c0;MOV
#>>>0 ubequad 0xfabce701b8c0078e \b, MS-DOS 1.12 bootloader
# IOSYS.COM+MSDOS.COM
#>>>>0xc4 use 2xDOS-filename
#>>0 ulelong&0x804000E9 =0x000000E9
# only x86 short jump instruction found
#>>>0 ubyte =0xEB
#>>>>1 ubyte x \b, code offset %#x+2
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/ibm100/Boot.htm
# assembler instructions: CLI;MOV AX,CS;MOV DS,AX;MOV DX,0
#>>>>(1.b+2) ubequad 0xfa8cc88ed8ba0000 \b, PC-DOS 1.0 bootloader
# ibmbio.com+ibmdos.com
#>>>>>0x176 use DOS-filename
#>>>>>0x181 ubyte x \b+
#>>>>>0x182 use DOS-filename
# https://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/ibm110/Boot.htm
# assembler instructions: CLI;MOV AX,CS;MOV DS,AX;XOR DX,DX;MOV
#>>>>(1.b+2) ubequad 0xfa8cc88ed833d28e \b, PC-DOS 1.1 bootloader
# ibmbio.com+ibmdos.com
#>>>>>0x18b use DOS-filename
#>>>>>0x196 ubyte x \b+
#>>>>>0x197 use DOS-filename
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_Data_Systems
# assembler instructions: MOV BX,07c0;MOV SS,BX;MOV SP,01c6
#>>>>(1.b+2) ubequad 0xbbc0078ed3bcc601 \b, Zenith Data Systems MS-DOS 1.25 bootloader
# IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS
#>>>>>0x20 use 2xDOS-filename
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Data_Systems
# assembler instructions: MOV AX,CS;MOV DS,AX;CLI;MOV SS,AX;
#>>>>(1.b+2) ubequad 0x8cc88ed8fa8ed0bc \b, MS-DOS 1.25 bootloader
# IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS
#>>>>>0x69 use 2xDOS-filename
# assembler instructions: CLI;PUSH CS;POP SS;MOV SP,7c00;
#>>>>(1.b+2) ubequad 0xfa0e17bc007cb860 \b, MS-DOS 2.11 bootloader
# defect IO.SYS+MSDOS.SYS ?
#>>>>>0x162 use 2xDOS-filename

0 name cdrom
>38913 string !NSR0 ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data
!:mime application/x-iso9660-image
!:ext iso/iso9660
>38913 string NSR0 UDF filesystem data
!:mime application/x-iso9660-image
!:ext iso/udf
>>38917 string 1 (version 1.0)
>>38917 string 2 (version 1.5)
>>38917 string 3 (version 2.0)
>>38917 byte >0x33 (unknown version, ID %#X)
>>38917 byte <0x31 (unknown version, ID %#X)
# The next line is not necessary because the MBR staff is done looking for boot signature
>0x1FE leshort 0xAA55 (DOS/MBR boot sector)
# "application id" which appears to be used as a volume label
>32808 string/T >\0 '%.32s'
>34816 string \000CD001\001EL\ TORITO\ SPECIFICATION (bootable)
37633 string CD001 ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data (raw 2352 byte sectors)
!:mime application/x-iso9660-image
32777 string CDROM High Sierra CD-ROM filesystem data
# "application id" which appears to be used as a volume label
>32816 string/T >\0 '%.32s'

# CDROM Filesystems
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9660
# Modified for UDF by [email protected]
32769 string CD001
# mime line at that position does not work
# to display CD-ROM (70=81-11) after MBR (113=40+72+1), partition-table (71=50+21) and before Apple Driver Map (51)
#!:strength -11
# to display CD-ROM (114=81+33) before MBR (113=40+72+1), partition-table (71=50+21) and Apple Driver Map (51)
!:strength +35
>0 use cdrom

# URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRG_(file_format)
# Reference: https://dl.opendesktop.org/api/files/download/id/1460731811/
# 11577-mount-iso-0.9.5.tar.bz2/mount-iso-0.9.5/install.sh
# From: Joerg Jenderek
# Note: Only for nero disc with once (DAO) type after 300 KB header
339969 string CD001 Nero CD image at 0x4B000
!:mime application/x-nrg
!:ext nrg
>307200 use cdrom

# .cso files
# Reference: https://pismotec.com/ciso/ciso.h
# NOTE: There are two other formats with the same magic but
# completely incompatible specifications:
# - GameCube/Wii CISO: https://github.com/dolphin-emu/dolphin/blob/master/Source/Core/DiscIO/CISOBlob.h
# - PSP CISO: https://github.com/jamie/ciso/blob/master/ciso.h
0 string CISO
# Other fields are used to determine what type of CISO this is:
# - 0x04 == 0x00200000: GameCube/Wii CISO (block_size)
# - 0x10 == 0x00000800: PSP CISO (ISO-9660 sector size)
# - 0x10 == 0x00004000: For >2GB files using maxcso...
# https://github.com/unknownbrackets/maxcso/issues/26
# - None of the above: Compact ISO.
>4 lelong !0
>>4 lelong !0x200000
>>>16 lelong !0x800
>>>>16 lelong !0x4000 Compressed ISO CD image

# cramfs filesystem - [email protected]
0 lelong 0x28cd3d45 Linux Compressed ROM File System data, little endian
>4 lelong x size %u
>8 lelong &1 version #2
>8 lelong &2 sorted_dirs
>8 lelong &4 hole_support
>32 lelong x CRC %#x,
>36 lelong x edition %u,
>40 lelong x %u blocks,
>44 lelong x %u files

0 belong 0x28cd3d45 Linux Compressed ROM File System data, big endian
>4 belong x size %u
>8 belong &1 version #2
>8 belong &2 sorted_dirs
>8 belong &4 hole_support
>32 belong x CRC %#x,
>36 belong x edition %u,
>40 belong x %u blocks,
>44 belong x %u files

# reiserfs - [email protected]
0x10034 string ReIsErFs ReiserFS V3.5
0x10034 string ReIsEr2Fs ReiserFS V3.6
0x10034 string ReIsEr3Fs ReiserFS V3.6.19
>0x1002c leshort x block size %d
>0x10032 leshort &2 (mounted or unclean)
>0x10000 lelong x num blocks %d
>0x10040 lelong 1 tea hash
>0x10040 lelong 2 yura hash
>0x10040 lelong 3 r5 hash

# EST flat binary format (which isn't, but anyway)
# From: Mark Brown <[email protected]>
0 string ESTFBINR EST flat binary

# Aculab VoIP firmware
# From: Mark Brown <[email protected]>
0 string VoIP\ Startup\ and Aculab VoIP firmware
>35 string x format %s

# From: Mark Brown <[email protected]> [old]
# From: Behan Webster <[email protected]>
0 belong 0x27051956 u-boot legacy uImage,
>32 string x %s,
>28 byte 0 Invalid os/
>28 byte 1 OpenBSD/
>28 byte 2 NetBSD/
>28 byte 3 FreeBSD/
>28 byte 4 4.4BSD/
>28 byte 5 Linux/
>28 byte 6 SVR4/
>28 byte 7 Esix/
>28 byte 8 Solaris/
>28 byte 9 Irix/
>28 byte 10 SCO/
>28 byte 11 Dell/
>28 byte 12 NCR/
>28 byte 13 LynxOS/
>28 byte 14 VxWorks/
>28 byte 15 pSOS/
>28 byte 16 QNX/
>28 byte 17 Firmware/
>28 byte 18 RTEMS/
>28 byte 19 ARTOS/
>28 byte 20 Unity OS/
>28 byte 21 INTEGRITY/
>29 byte 0 \bInvalid CPU,
>29 byte 1 \bAlpha,
>29 byte 2 \bARM,
>29 byte 3 \bIntel x86,
>29 byte 4 \bIA64,
>29 byte 5 \bMIPS,
>29 byte 6 \bMIPS 64-bit,
>29 byte 7 \bPowerPC,
>29 byte 8 \bIBM S390,
>29 byte 9 \bSuperH,
>29 byte 10 \bSparc,
>29 byte 11 \bSparc 64-bit,
>29 byte 12 \bM68K,
>29 byte 13 \bNios-32,
>29 byte 14 \bMicroBlaze,
>29 byte 15 \bNios-II,
>29 byte 16 \bBlackfin,
>29 byte 17 \bAVR32,
>29 byte 18 \bSTMicroelectronics ST200,
>29 byte 19 \bSandbox architecture,
>29 byte 20 \bANDES Technology NDS32,
>29 byte 21 \bOpenRISC 1000,
>29 byte 22 \bARM 64-bit,
>29 byte 23 \bDesignWare ARC,
>29 byte 24 \bx86_64,
>29 byte 25 \bXtensa,
>29 byte 26 \bRISC-V,
>30 byte 0 Invalid Image
>30 byte 1 Standalone Program
>30 byte 2 OS Kernel Image
>30 byte 3 RAMDisk Image
>30 byte 4 Multi-File Image
>30 byte 5 Firmware Image
>30 byte 6 Script File
>30 byte 7 Filesystem Image (any type)
>30 byte 8 Binary Flat Device Tree BLOB
>31 byte 0 (Not compressed),
>31 byte 1 (gzip),
>31 byte 2 (bzip2),
>31 byte 3 (lzma),
>12 belong x %d bytes,
>8 bedate x %s,
>16 belong x Load Address: %#08X,
>20 belong x Entry Point: %#08X,
>4 belong x Header CRC: %#08X,
>24 belong x Data CRC: %#08X

# JFFS2 file system
0 leshort 0x1984 Linux old jffs2 filesystem data little endian
0 beshort 0x1984 Linux old jffs2 filesystem data big endian
0 leshort 0x1985 Linux jffs2 filesystem data little endian
0 beshort 0x1985 Linux jffs2 filesystem data big endian

# Squashfs
0 name squashfs
>28 beshort x version %d.
>30 beshort x \b%d,
>20 beshort 0 uncompressed,
>20 beshort 1 zlib
>20 beshort 2 lzma
>20 beshort 3 lzo
>20 beshort 4 xz
>20 beshort 5 lz4
>20 beshort 6 zstd
>20 beshort >0 compressed,
>28 beshort <3
>>8 belong x %d bytes,
>28 beshort >2
>>28 beshort <4
>>>63 bequad x %lld bytes,
>>28 beshort >3
>>>40 bequad x %lld bytes,
#>>67 belong x %d bytes,
>4 belong x %d inodes,
>28 beshort <2
>>32 beshort x blocksize: %d bytes,
>28 beshort >1
>>28 beshort <4
>>>51 belong x blocksize: %d bytes,
>>28 beshort >3
>>>12 belong x blocksize: %d bytes,
>28 beshort <4
>>39 bedate x created: %s
>28 beshort >3
>>8 bedate x created: %s

0 string sqsh Squashfs filesystem, big endian,
>0 use squashfs

0 string hsqs Squashfs filesystem, little endian,
>0 use \^squashfs

# AFS Dump Magic
# From: Ty Sarna <[email protected]>
0 string \x01\xb3\xa1\x13\x22 AFS Dump
>&0 belong x (v%d)
>>&0 byte 0x76
>>>&0 belong x Vol %d,
>>>>&0 byte 0x6e
>>>>>&0 string x %s
>>>>>>&1 byte 0x74
>>>>>>>&0 beshort 2
>>>>>>>>&4 bedate x on: %s
>>>>>>>>&0 bedate =0 full dump
>>>>>>>>&0 bedate !0 incremental since: %s

#----------------------------------------------------------
#delta ISO Daniel Novotny ([email protected])
0 string DISO Delta ISO data
!:strength +50
>4 belong x version %d

# VMS backup savesets - [email protected]
#
4 string \x01\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00
>(0.s+16) string \x01\x01
>>&(&0.b+8) byte 0x42 OpenVMS backup saveset data
>>>40 lelong x (block size %d,
>>>49 string >\0 original name '%s',
>>>2 short 1024 VAX generated)
>>>2 short 2048 AXP generated)
>>>2 short 4096 I64 generated)

# Summary: Oracle Clustered Filesystem
# Created by: Aaron Botsis <[email protected]>
8 string OracleCFS Oracle Clustered Filesystem,
>4 long x rev %d
>0 long x \b.%d,
>560 string x label: %.64s,
>136 string x mountpoint: %.128s

# Summary: Oracle ASM tagged volume
# Created by: Aaron Botsis <[email protected]>
32 string ORCLDISK Oracle ASM Volume,
>40 string x Disk Name: %0.12s
32 string ORCLCLRD Oracle ASM Volume (cleared),
>40 string x Disk Name: %0.12s

# Oracle Clustered Filesystem - Aaron Botsis <[email protected]>
8 string OracleCFS Oracle Clustered Filesystem,
>4 long x rev %d
>0 long x \b.%d,
>560 string x label: %.64s,
>136 string x mountpoint: %.128s

# Oracle ASM tagged volume - Aaron Botsis <[email protected]>
32 string ORCLDISK Oracle ASM Volume,
>40 string x Disk Name: %0.12s
32 string ORCLCLRD Oracle ASM Volume (cleared),
>40 string x Disk Name: %0.12s

# Compaq/HP RILOE floppy image
# From: Dirk Jagdmann <[email protected]>
0 string CPQRFBLO Compaq/HP RILOE floppy image

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Files-11 On-Disk Structure (File system for various RSX-11 and VMS flavours).
# These bits come from LBN 1 (home block) of ODS-1, ODS-2 and ODS-5 volumes,
# which is mapped to VBN 2 of [000000]INDEXF.SYS;1 - [email protected]
#
1008 string DECFILE11 Files-11 On-Disk Structure
>525 byte x (ODS-%d);
>1017 string A RSX-11, VAX/VMS or OpenVMS VAX file system;
>1017 string B
>>525 byte 2 VAX/VMS or OpenVMS file system;
>>525 byte 5 OpenVMS Alpha or Itanium file system;
>984 string x volume label is '%-12.12s'

# From: Thomas Klausner <[email protected]>
# https://filext.com/file-extension/DAA
# describes the daa file format. The magic would be:
0 string DAA\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0 PowerISO Direct-Access-Archive

# From Albert Cahalan <[email protected]>
# really le32 operation,destination,payloadsize (but quite predictable)
# 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 c0 00 02 00 00
0 string \1\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\0\2\0\0 Marvell Libertas firmware

# From Eric Sandeen
# GFS2
0x10000 belong 0x01161970
>0x10018 belong 0x0000051d GFS1 Filesystem
>>0x10024 belong x (blocksize %d,
>>0x10060 string >\0 lockproto %s)
>0x10018 belong 0x00000709 GFS2 Filesystem
>>0x10024 belong x (blocksize %d,
>>0x10060 string >\0 lockproto %s)

# Russell Coker <[email protected]>
0x10040 string _BHRfS_M BTRFS Filesystem
>0x1012b string >\0 label "%s",
>0x10090 lelong x sectorsize %d,
>0x10094 lelong x nodesize %d,
>0x10098 lelong x leafsize %d,
>0x10020 ubelong x UUID=%08x-
>0x10024 ubeshort x \b%04x-
>0x10026 ubeshort x \b%04x-
>0x10028 ubeshort x \b%04x-
>0x1002a ubeshort x \b%04x
>0x1002c ubelong x \b%08x,
>0x10078 lequad x %lld/
>0x10070 lequad x \b%lld bytes used,
>0x10088 lequad x %lld devices

0 string btrfs-stream BTRFS stream file

# dvdisaster's .ecc
# From: "Nelson A. de Oliveira" <[email protected]>
0 string *dvdisaster* dvdisaster error correction file

# xfs metadump image
# mb_magic XFSM at 0; superblock magic XFSB at 1 << mb_blocklog
# but can we do the << ? For now it's always 512 (0x200) anyway.
0 string XFSM
>0x200 string XFSB XFS filesystem metadump image

# Type: CROM filesystem
# From: Werner Fink <[email protected]>
0 string CROMFS CROMFS
>6 string >\0 \b version %2.2s,
>8 ulequad >0 \b block data at %lld,
>16 ulequad >0 \b fblock table at %lld,
>24 ulequad >0 \b inode table at %lld,
>32 ulequad >0 \b root at %lld,
>40 ulelong >0 \b fblock size = %d,
>44 ulelong >0 \b block size = %d,
>48 ulequad >0 \b bytes = %lld

# Type: xfs metadump image
# From: Daniel Novotny <[email protected]>
# mb_magic XFSM at 0; superblock magic XFSB at 1 << mb_blocklog
# but can we do the << ? For now it's always 512 (0x200) anyway.
0 string XFSM
>0x200 string XFSB XFS filesystem metadump image

# Type: delta ISO
# From: Daniel Novotny <[email protected]>
0 string DISO Delta ISO data,
>4 belong x version %d

# JFS2 (Journaling File System) image. (Old JFS1 has superblock at 0x1000.)
# See linux/fs/jfs/jfs_superblock.h for layout; see jfs_filsys.h for flags.
# From: Adam Buchbinder <[email protected]>
0x8000 string JFS1
# Because it's text-only magic, check a binary value (version) to be sure.
# Should always be 2, but mkfs.jfs writes it as 1. Needs to be 2 or 1 to be
# mountable.
>&0 lelong <3 JFS2 filesystem image
# Label is followed by a UUID; we have to limit string length to avoid
# appending the UUID in the case of a 16-byte label.
>>&144 regex [\x20-\x7E]{1,16} (label "%s")
>>&0 lequad x \b, %lld blocks
>>&8 lelong x \b, blocksize %d
>>&32 lelong&0x00000006 >0 (dirty)
>>&36 lelong >0 (compressed)

# LFS
0 lelong 0x070162 LFS filesystem image
>4 lelong 1 version 1,
>>8 lelong x \b blocks %u,
>>12 lelong x \b blocks per segment %u,
>4 lelong 2 version 2,
>>8 lelong x \b fragments %u,
>>12 lelong x \b bytes per segment %u,
>16 lelong x \b disk blocks %u,
>20 lelong x \b block size %u,
>24 lelong x \b fragment size %u,
>28 lelong x \b fragments per block %u,
>32 lelong x \b start for free list %u,
>36 lelong x \b number of free blocks %d,
>40 lelong x \b number of files %u,
>44 lelong x \b blocks available for writing %d,
>48 lelong x \b inodes in cache %d,
>52 lelong x \b inode file disk address %#x,
>56 lelong x \b inode file inode number %u,
>60 lelong x \b address of last segment written %#x,
>64 lelong x \b address of next segment to write %#x,
>68 lelong x \b address of current segment written %#x

0 string td\000 floppy image data (TeleDisk, compressed)
0 string TD\000 floppy image data (TeleDisk)

0 string CQ\024 floppy image data (CopyQM,
>16 leshort x %d sectors,
>18 leshort x %d heads.)

0 string ACT\020Apricot\020disk\020image\032\004 floppy image data (ApriDisk)

# URL: http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/LoadDskF/SaveDskF
# Update: Joerg Jenderek
# Note: called "IBM SKF disk image" by TrID
# verfied by 7-Zip `7z l -tFAT -slt *.dsk` and
# `deark -l -m loaddskf 06200D19.DSK`
# Reference: http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/d/dsk-skf-old.trid.xml
0 beshort 0xAA58
>0 use SaveDskF
# Reference: http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/d/dsk-skf.trid.xml
0 beshort 0xAA59
>0 use SaveDskF
# Reference: http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/d/dsk-skf-comp.trid.xml
0 beshort 0xAA5A
# skip foo by additional check for unused upper byte of media type in SaveDskF header
#>3 ubyte =0
# skip bar by additional check for valid "low" number of heads in SaveDskF header
#>>26 uleshort <3
# skip foo by additional check for unused double word field in SaveDskF header
#>>>30 long =0
#>>>>0 use SaveDskF
>0 use SaveDskF
# display information about IBM SaveDskF floppy disk images
0 name SaveDskF
# SaveDskF magic
>0 beshort x floppy image data (IBM SaveDskF
#!:mime application/octet-stream
!:mime application/x-ibm-dsk
!:ext dsk
# also suffix with digit (1dk .2dk ...); NO example FOUND!
#!:ext dsk/1dk/2dk
>1 ubyte =0x58 \b, old)
>1 ubyte =0x59 \b)
>1 ubyte =0x5A \b, compressed)
# media type; the first byte of the FAT like: 0xF0 (usual floppy) 0xF9 0xFE
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system
>2 ubyte !0xF0 \b, Media descriptor %#x
# upper byte of media type is not used; so this seems to be nil
>3 ubyte !0 \b, upper byte of media type %#x
# sector size in bytes as in the BIOS parameter block like: 512 ; SAVEDSKF.EXE with other sizes produce garbage images
>4 uleshort !512 \b, Bytes/sector %u
# cluster mask; number of sectors per cluster, minus 1
>6 uleshort+1 >1 \b, sectors/cluster %u
#>6 uleshort+1 x \b, sectors/cluster %u
# cluster shift; log2(cluster size / sector size) like: 0~1=ClusterSize/SectorSize
>7 ubyte >0 \b, cluster shift %u
#>7 ubyte x \b, cluster shift %u
# reserved sectors; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 1 256 (2M256R-K.DSK)
>8 uleshort >1 \b, reserved sectors %u
#>8 uleshort x \b, reserved sectors %u
# FAT copies; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 2 (usual) 1 (2-NK.DSK)
>10 ubyte !2 \b, FAT
# plural s
>>10 ubyte >1 \bs
>>10 ubyte x %u
# root directory entries; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 224 (usual) 64 (H1-NK.DSK) 4096 (2-NK.DSK)
>11 uleshort !224 \b, root entries %u
# sector number of first cluster (count sectors used by boot sector, FATs and root directory) like: 7 10 29 33 288
>13 uleshort !33 \b, 1st cluster at sector %u
# number of clusters in image; empty clusters at the end are not saved and counted like: 2372 2848
>15 uleshort x \b, %u clusters
# sectors/FAT; as in the BIOS parameter block like: 1 (H1-NK.DSK) 7 9
>17 ubyte !9 \b, sectors/FAT %u
# sector number of root directory (ie, count of sectors used by boot sector and FATs) like: 3 (H1-NK.DSK) 9 10 15 19 274 (2M256R-K.DSK)
>18 uleshort !19 \b, root directory at sector %u
# checksum; sum of all bytes in the file
>20 ulelong x \b, checksum %#8.8x
# cylinders; number of cylinders like: 40 80
>24 uleshort !80 \b, %u cylinders
#>24 uleshort x \b, %u cylinders
# heads; number of heads as in the BIOS parameter block like: 1 (H1-NK.DSK) 2
>26 uleshort !2 \b, heads %u
#>26 uleshort x \b, heads %u
# sectors/track; number of sectors per track as in the BIOS parameter block like: 8 15 18 36
>28 uleshort !18 \b, sectors/track %u
#>28 uleshort x \b, sectors/track %u
# unused double word field seems to be always like: 0
>30 ulelong !0 \b, at 0x1E %#x
# number of sectors in images like: 1017 2786 2880
>34 uleshort x \b, sectors %u
# if string is "printable" it can be a real comment
>(36.s) ubyte !0x00
# if 1st sector is far enough away (> 0x29) then there is space for comment part
>>38 uleshort >41
# offset to comment string like: 28h=40
>>>36 uleshort x \b, at %#x
# comment string terminated with \r\n\0
>>>(36.s) string x "%s"
# offset to the first sector like: 0 (If this is 0, assume it is 0x200) 29h=41 (DISPLAY3.DSK) 31h 43h 45h 46h 48h 50h 200h=512
>38 uleshort !0 \b, 1st sector at %#x
# FOR DEBUGGING!
#>(38.s) ubelong x SECTOR CONTENT %x
# not compressed floppy image implies readable DOS boot sector inside image
>>1 ubyte !0x5A
# when not compressed it is readable as DOS boot sector via ./filesystems
#>>>(38.s) indirect x \b; contains
>38 uleshort =0 \b, 1st sector at 0x200 (0)
# maybe standard DOS boot sector; NO example FOUND HERE!
#>>0x200 indirect x \b; contains

0 string \074CPM_Disk\076 disk image data (YAZE)

# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Point_Software#cite_note-6
# Reference: https://www.robcraig.com/download/transcopy-5-x-file-format
# https://www.robcraig.com/download/transcopy-file-format-by-gene-thompson
# http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/t/tc-transcopy.trid.xml
# TransCopy signature
0 beshort 0x5AA5
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with invalid 0 disk sides handled by ./intel
>0x103 ubyte !0
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with unlikely "high" start cylinder 100 handled by ./intel
#>>0x101 ubyte <100 VALID_START_CYLINDER
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with unlikely description handled by ./intel
#>>>2 beshort !0xF00f VALID_DESCRIPTION
# skip Intel serial flash ROM with invalid disk types 89h 88h handled by ./intel
#>>>>0x100 byte !0x89 VALID_DISK_TYPE
>>0 use tc-floppy
# display information of Central Point Software (CPS) Option Board TransCopy floppy image
0 name tc-floppy
>0 beshort x TransCopy disk image
#!:mime application/octet-stream
!:mime application/x-floppy-image-tc
# like: disk04.tc VOCALC2.TC WIZ5_A.tc WIZ2_720.IMG
!:ext tc/img
# 1st description (optional 0-terminated maximal 32) like:
# "Project Workbench 2.20" "Visi On Calc" "Wizardry V Disk 1 of 3"
>2 string >\0 %.32s
# 2nd desc. (optional 0-terminated maximal 32) like:
# "(1988)." "Advanced - Utility" 'Program Disk 2"
>0x22 string >\0 "%.32s"
# Looks like ascii (like MESSAGES) formatted with attribute bytes (190)?
# not needed for disk copy
#>>0x42 string x '%.190s'
#>>0x88 lestring16 x "%.8s"
# disktype: 2~MFM High Density 3~MFM Double Density 4~Apple II GCR 5~FM Single Density
# 6~Commodore GCR 7~MFM Double Density 8~Commodore Amiga Ch~Atari FM FFh~Unknown
>0x100 ubyte !0xFF \b, disk type %u
# StartingCylinder like: 0
>0x101 ubyte x \b, cylinder
>0x101 ubyte !0 start=%u
# EndingCylinder like: 40 (often) 41 79
>0x102 ubyte x end=%u
# NumberOfSides like: 2
>0x103 ubyte !2 \b, %u sides
# TrackIncrement like: 1
>0x104 ubyte !1 \b, track increment %u
# TrackPosTbl Track skew
#>0x105 ubequad x \b, Track skew %#16.16llx
# TrackOffsTbl
#>0x305 ubequad x \b, TrackOffsTbl %#16.16llx
# TrackLngthTbl
#>0x505 ubequad x \b, TrackLngthTbl %#16.16llx
# TrackTypeTable
#>0x705 ubequad x \b, TrackTypeTable %#16.16llx
# Address mark timing
#>0x905 ubequad x \b, Address mark timing %#16.16llx
# Track fragment
#>0x2905 ubequad !0 \b, Track fragment %#16.16llx
# Track data
#>0x4000 ubequad !0 \b, Track data %#16.16llx

# ReFS
# Richard W.M. Jones <[email protected]>
0 string \0\0\0ReFS\0 ReFS filesystem image

# EFW encase image file format:
# Gregoire Passault
# http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Encase_image_file_format
0 string EVF\x09\x0d\x0a\xff\x00 EWF/Expert Witness/EnCase image file format

# UBIfs
# Linux kernel sources: fs/ubifs/ubifs-media.h
0 lelong 0x06101831
>0x16 leshort 0 UBIfs image
>0x08 lequad x \b, sequence number %llu
>0x10 leshort x \b, length %u
>0x04 lelong x \b, CRC %#08x

0 lelong 0x23494255
>0x04 leshort <2
>0x05 string \0\0\0
>0x1c string \0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
>0x04 leshort x UBI image, version %u

# NEC PC-88 2D disk image
# From Fabio R. Schmidlin <[email protected]>
0x20 ulelong&0xFFFFFEFF 0x2A0
>0x10 string \0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
>>0x280 string \0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
>>>0x1A ubyte&0xEF 0
>>>>0x1B ubyte&0x8F 0
>>>>>0x1B ubyte&70 <0x40
>>>>>>0x1C ulelong >0x21
>>>>>>>0 regex [[:print:]]* NEC PC-88 disk image, name=%s
>>>>>>>>0x1B ubyte 0 \b, media=2D
>>>>>>>>0x1B ubyte 0x10 \b, media=2DD
>>>>>>>>0x1B ubyte 0x20 \b, media=2HD
>>>>>>>>0x1B ubyte 0x30 \b, media=1D
>>>>>>>>0x1B ubyte 0x40 \b, media=1DD
>>>>>>>>0x1A ubyte 0x10 \b, write-protected

# HDD Raw Copy Tool disk image, file extension: .imgc
# From Benjamin Vanheuverzwijn <[email protected]>
0 pstring HDD\ Raw\ Copy\ Tool %s
>0x100 pstring x %s
>0x200 pstring x - HD model: %s
#>0x300 pstring x unknown %s
>0x400 pstring x serial: %s
#>0x500 pstring x unknown: %s
!:ext imgc

# http://martin.hinner.info/fs/bfs/bfs-structure.html
0 lelong 0x1BADFACE SCO UnixWare BFS filesystem

# https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/07/the-beos-filesystem/
32 lelong 0x42465331 BE/OS BFS1 filesystem
>36 lelong x \b, byte order %d
>40 lelong x \b, block size %d
>44 lelong x \b, block shift %d
>48 lequad x \b, total blocks %lld
>56 lequad x \b, used blocks %lld

0 name next
>0 lelong x \b, size %d
>4 string x \b, label %s

# https://opensource.apple.com/source/IOStorageFamily/IOStorageFamily-44.3\
# /IONeXTPartitionScheme.h
0 string NeXT NeXT version 1 disklabel
>12 use next
0 string dlV1 NeXT version 2 disklabel
>12 use next
0 string dlV2 NeXT version 3 disklabel
>12 use next

# bcachefs
# From: Thomas Wei�schuh <[email protected]>

0 name bcachefs-uuid
>0 ubelong x \b%08x
>4 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>6 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>8 ubeshort x \b-%04x
>10 ubelong x \b-%08x
>14 ubeshort x \b%04x

0 name bcachefs bcachefs
>0x68 lequad 8 \b, UUID=
>>0x38 use bcachefs-uuid
>>0x48 string >0 \b, label "%.32s"
>>0x10 uleshort x \b, version %u
>>0x12 uleshort x \b, min version %u
>>0x7a byte x \b, device %d
# assumes the first field is the members field
>>0x2f4 ulelong 0x01 \b/UUID=
>>>0x2f0 default x
>>>&(0x07a.b*56) use bcachefs-uuid
>>0x07b byte x \b, %d devices
>>0x090 byte ^0x02 \b (unclean)

0x1018 string \xc6\x85\x73\xf6\x4e\x1a\x45\xca\x82\x65\xf5\x7f\x48\xba\x6d\x81
>0x1000 use bcachefs

0x1018 string \xc6\x85\x73\xf6\x66\xce\x90\xa9\xd9\x6a\x60\xcf\x80\x3d\xf7\xef
>0x1000 use bcachefs

# EROFS
# https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xiang/erofs-utils/\
# +/refs/heads/experimental/include/erofs_fs.h#12
1024 lelong 0xE0F5E1E2 EROFS filesystem
#>1028 lelong x \b, checksum=%#x
>1032 lelong >0 \b, compat:
>>1032 lelong &1 SB_CHKSUM
>>1032 lelong &2 MTIME
>1036 byte x \b, blocksize=%u
>1037 byte x \b, exslots=%u
#>1038 leshort x \b, root_nid=%d
#>1040 lequad x \b, inodes=%ld
#>1048 leldate x \b, build_time=%s
#>1056 lelong x \b.%d
#>1060 lelong x \b, blocks=%d
#>1064 lelong x \b, metadata@%#x
#>1068 lelong x \b, xattr@%#x
>1072 guid x \b, uuid=%s
>1088 string >0 \b, name=%s
>1104 lelong >0 \b, incompat:
>>1104 lelong &1 LZ4_0PADDING
>>1104 lelong &2 BIG_PCLUSTER
>>1104 lelong &4 CHUNKED_FILE
>>1104 lelong &8 DEVICE_TABLE
>>1104 lelong &16 ZTAILPACKING

# YAFFS
# The layout itself is undocumented, determined by the memory layout of the
# reference implementation. This signature is derived from the
# reference implementation code and generated test cases
# We recognize the start of an object header defined by yaffs_obj_hdr:
# (Note the values being encoded depending on platform endianess)

# u32 type /* enum yaffs_obj_type, valid 1-5 */
# u32 parent_obj_id; /* 1 for root objects we recognize */
# u16 sum_no_longer_used; /* checksum of name. Not used by YAFFS and memset to 0xFF */
# YCHAR name[YAFFS_MAX_NAME_LENGTH + 1];

# mkyaffsimage always writes a root directory with empty name, then processing the target directory contents
# mkyaffs2image directly proceeds to writing entries with the appropriate u32 YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE (1-5 valid), each with parent id 1

0 name yaffs
>0 ulelong 1 \b, type file
>0 ulelong 2 \b, type symlink
>0 ulelong 3 \b, type root or directory
>0 ulelong 4 \b, type hardlink
>0 ulelong 5 \b, type special
>0xA byte 0 \b, v1 root directory
>0xA byte !0 \b, object entry
>>0xA string x (name: "%s")

# Little Endian: XX 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 FF FF YY
# XX: 01 - 05 (object type)
# YY: 00 for version 1 root directory, > 00 for version 2 (name data)
0x1 string \x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\xFF\xFF
>0 ulelong 0
>0 ulelong >5
>0 default x YAFFS filesystem root entry (little endian)
>>0 use yaffs

# Big Endian: 00 00 00 XX 00 00 00 01 FF FF YY
# XX: 01 - 05 (object type)
# YY: 00 for version 1 root directory, > 00 for version 2 (name data)
0x4 string \x00\x00\x00\x01\xFF\xFF
>0 string \x00\x00\x00
>>0 ubelong 0
>>0 ubelong >5
>>0 default x YAFFS filesystem root entry (big endian)
>>>0 use \^yaffs