# $File: database,v 1.69 2023/01/12 00:14:04 christos Exp $

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: database,v 1.69 2023/01/12 00:14:04 christos Exp $
# database: file(1) magic for various databases
#
# extracted from header/code files by Graeme Wilford ([email protected])
#
#
# GDBM magic numbers
# Will be maintained as part of the GDBM distribution in the future.
# <[email protected]>
0 belong 0x13579acd GNU dbm 1.x or ndbm database, big endian, 32-bit
!:mime application/x-gdbm
0 belong 0x13579ace GNU dbm 1.x or ndbm database, big endian, old
!:mime application/x-gdbm
0 belong 0x13579acf GNU dbm 1.x or ndbm database, big endian, 64-bit
!:mime application/x-gdbm
0 lelong 0x13579acd GNU dbm 1.x or ndbm database, little endian, 32-bit
!:mime application/x-gdbm
0 lelong 0x13579ace GNU dbm 1.x or ndbm database, little endian, old
!:mime application/x-gdbm
0 lelong 0x13579acf GNU dbm 1.x or ndbm database, little endian, 64-bit
!:mime application/x-gdbm
0 string GDBM GNU dbm 2.x database
!:mime application/x-gdbm
#
# Berkeley DB
#
# Ian Darwin's file /etc/magic files: big/little-endian version.
#
# Hash 1.85/1.86 databases store metadata in network byte order.
# Btree 1.85/1.86 databases store the metadata in host byte order.
# Hash and Btree 2.X and later databases store the metadata in host byte order.

0 long 0x00061561 Berkeley DB
!:mime application/x-dbm
>8 belong 4321
>>4 belong >2 1.86
>>4 belong <3 1.85
>>4 belong >0 (Hash, version %d, native byte-order)
>8 belong 1234
>>4 belong >2 1.86
>>4 belong <3 1.85
>>4 belong >0 (Hash, version %d, little-endian)

0 belong 0x00061561 Berkeley DB
>8 belong 4321
>>4 belong >2 1.86
>>4 belong <3 1.85
>>4 belong >0 (Hash, version %d, big-endian)
>8 belong 1234
>>4 belong >2 1.86
>>4 belong <3 1.85
>>4 belong >0 (Hash, version %d, native byte-order)

0 long 0x00053162 Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86
>4 long >0 (Btree, version %d, native byte-order)
0 belong 0x00053162 Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86
>4 belong >0 (Btree, version %d, big-endian)
0 lelong 0x00053162 Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86
>4 lelong >0 (Btree, version %d, little-endian)

12 long 0x00061561 Berkeley DB
>16 long >0 (Hash, version %d, native byte-order)
12 belong 0x00061561 Berkeley DB
>16 belong >0 (Hash, version %d, big-endian)
12 lelong 0x00061561 Berkeley DB
>16 lelong >0 (Hash, version %d, little-endian)

12 long 0x00053162 Berkeley DB
>16 long >0 (Btree, version %d, native byte-order)
12 belong 0x00053162 Berkeley DB
>16 belong >0 (Btree, version %d, big-endian)
12 lelong 0x00053162 Berkeley DB
>16 lelong >0 (Btree, version %d, little-endian)

12 long 0x00042253 Berkeley DB
>16 long >0 (Queue, version %d, native byte-order)
12 belong 0x00042253 Berkeley DB
>16 belong >0 (Queue, version %d, big-endian)
12 lelong 0x00042253 Berkeley DB
>16 lelong >0 (Queue, version %d, little-endian)

# From Max Bowsher.
12 long 0x00040988 Berkeley DB
>16 long >0 (Log, version %d, native byte-order)
12 belong 0x00040988 Berkeley DB
>16 belong >0 (Log, version %d, big-endian)
12 lelong 0x00040988 Berkeley DB
>16 lelong >0 (Log, version %d, little-endian)

#
#
# Round Robin Database Tool by Tobias Oetiker <[email protected]>
0 string/b RRD\0 RRDTool DB
>4 string/b x version %s

>>10 short !0 16bit aligned
>>>10 bedouble 8.642135e+130 big-endian
>>>>18 short x 32bit long (m68k)

>>10 short 0
>>>12 long !0 32bit aligned
>>>>12 bedouble 8.642135e+130 big-endian
>>>>>20 long 0 64bit long
>>>>>20 long !0 32bit long
>>>>12 ledouble 8.642135e+130 little-endian
>>>>>24 long 0 64bit long
>>>>>24 long !0 32bit long (i386)
>>>>12 string \x43\x2b\x1f\x5b\x2f\x25\xc0\xc7 middle-endian
>>>>>24 short !0 32bit long (arm)

>>8 quad 0 64bit aligned
>>>16 bedouble 8.642135e+130 big-endian
>>>>24 long 0 64bit long (s390x)
>>>>24 long !0 32bit long (hppa/mips/ppc/s390/SPARC)
>>>16 ledouble 8.642135e+130 little-endian
>>>>28 long 0 64bit long (alpha/amd64/ia64)
>>>>28 long !0 32bit long (armel/mipsel)

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ROOT: file(1) magic for ROOT databases
#
0 string root\0 ROOT file
>4 belong x Version %d
>33 belong x (Compression: %d)

# XXX: Weak magic.
# Alex Ott <[email protected]>
## Paradox file formats
#2 leshort 0x0800 Paradox
#>0x39 byte 3 v. 3.0
#>0x39 byte 4 v. 3.5
#>0x39 byte 9 v. 4.x
#>0x39 byte 10 v. 5.x
#>0x39 byte 11 v. 5.x
#>0x39 byte 12 v. 7.x
#>>0x04 byte 0 indexed .DB data file
#>>0x04 byte 1 primary index .PX file
#>>0x04 byte 2 non-indexed .DB data file
#>>0x04 byte 3 non-incrementing secondary index .Xnn file
#>>0x04 byte 4 secondary index .Ynn file
#>>0x04 byte 5 incrementing secondary index .Xnn file
#>>0x04 byte 6 non-incrementing secondary index .XGn file
#>>0x04 byte 7 secondary index .YGn file
#>>>0x04 byte 8 incrementing secondary index .XGn file

## XBase database files
# updated by Joerg Jenderek at Feb 2013
# https://www.dbase.com/Knowledgebase/INT/db7_file_fmt.htm
# https://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/dbf.html
# inspect VVYYMMDD , where 1<= MM <= 12 and 1<= DD <= 31
0 ubelong&0x0000FFFF <0x00000C20
!:strength +10
# skip Infocom game Z-machine
>2 ubyte >0
# skip Androids *.xml
>>3 ubyte >0
>>>3 ubyte <32
# 1 < version VV
>>>>0 ubyte >1
# skip HELP.CA3 by test for reserved byte ( NULL )
>>>>>27 ubyte 0
# reserved bytes not always 0 ; also found 0x3901 (T4.DBF) ,0x7101 (T5.DBF,T6.DBF)
#>>>>>30 ubeshort x 30NULL?%x
# possible production flag,tag numbers(<=0x30),tag length(<=0x20), reserved (NULL)
>>>>>>24 ubelong&0xffFFFFff >0x01302000
# .DBF or .MDX
>>>>>>24 ubelong&0xffFFFFff <0x01302001
# for Xbase Database file (*.DBF) reserved (NULL) for multi-user
>>>>>>>24 ubelong&0xffFFFFff =0
# test for 2 reserved NULL bytes,transaction and encryption byte flag
>>>>>>>>12 ubelong&0xFFFFfEfE 0
# test for MDX flag
>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte x
>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte&0xf8 0
# header size >= 32
>>>>>>>>>>8 uleshort >31
# skip PIC15736.PCX by test for language driver name or field name
>>>>>>>>>>>32 ubyte >0
#!:mime application/x-dbf; charset=unknown-8bit ??
#!:mime application/x-dbase
>>>>>>>>>>>>0 use xbase-type
# database file
>>>>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte&0x04 =0 \b DBF
!:ext dbf
>>>>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte&0x04 =4 \b DataBaseContainer
!:ext dbc
>>>>>>>>>>>>4 lelong 0 \b, no records
>>>>>>>>>>>>4 lelong >0 \b, %d record
# plural s appended
>>>>>>>>>>>>>4 lelong >1 \bs
# https://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/dbf_check.html#CHECK_DBF
# 1 <= record size <= 4000 (dBase 3,4) or 32 * KB (=0x8000)
>>>>>>>>>>>>10 uleshort x * %d
# file size = records * record size + header size
>>>>>>>>>>>>1 ubyte x \b, update-date
>>>>>>>>>>>>1 use xbase-date
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/cc483186(v=vs.71).aspx
#>>>>>>>>>>>>29 ubyte =0 \b, codepage ID=%#x
# 2~cp850 , 3~cp1252 , 0x1b~?? ; what code page is 0x1b ?
>>>>>>>>>>>>29 ubyte >0 \b, codepage ID=%#x
#>>>>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte&0x01 0 \b, no index file
# MDX or CDX index
>>>>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte&0x01 1 \b, with index file .MDX
>>>>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte&0x02 2 \b, with memo .FPT
#>>>>>>>>>>>>28 ubyte&0x04 4 \b, DataBaseContainer
# 1st record offset + 1 = header size
>>>>>>>>>>>>8 uleshort >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>(8.s+1) ubyte >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>8 uleshort >0 \b, at offset %d
>>>>>>>>>>>>>(8.s+1) ubyte >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>&-1 string >\0 1st record "%s"
# for multiple index files (*.MDX) Production flag,tag numbers(<=0x30),tag length(<=0x20), reserved (NULL)
>>>>>>>24 ubelong&0x0133f7ff >0
# test for reserved NULL byte
>>>>>>>>47 ubyte 0
# test for valid TAG key format (0x10 or 0)
>>>>>>>>>559 ubyte&0xeF 0
# test MM <= 12
>>>>>>>>>>45 ubeshort <0x0C20
>>>>>>>>>>>45 ubyte >0
>>>>>>>>>>>>46 ubyte <32
>>>>>>>>>>>>>46 ubyte >0
#!:mime application/x-mdx
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0 use xbase-type
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0 ubyte x \b MDX
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 ubyte x \b, creation-date
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 use xbase-date
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>44 ubyte x \b, update-date
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>44 use xbase-date
# No.of tags in use (1,2,5,12)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28 uleshort x \b, %d
# No. of entries in tag (0x30)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25 ubyte x \b/%d tags
# Length of tag
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26 ubyte x * %d
# 1st tag name_
>>>>>>>>>>>>>548 string x \b, 1st tag "%.11s"
# 2nd tag name
#>>>>>>>>>>>>(26.b+548) string x \b, 2nd tag "%.11s"
#
# Print the xBase names of different version variants
0 name xbase-type
>0 ubyte <2
# 1 < version
>0 ubyte >1
>>0 ubyte 0x02 FoxBase
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: ACCESS.DBF USER.DBF dbase3date.dbf mitarbei.dbf produkte.dbf umlaut-test-v2.dbf
# FoxBase+/dBaseIII+, no memo
>>0 ubyte 0x03 FoxBase+/dBase III
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: 92DATA.DBF MSCATLOG.DBF SYLLABI2.DBF SYLLABUS.DBF T4.DBF Teleadr.dbf us_city.dbf
# dBASE IV no memo file
>>0 ubyte 0x04 dBase IV
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: Quattro-test11.dbf umlaut-test-v4.dbf
# dBASE V no memo file
>>0 ubyte 0x05 dBase V
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: dbase4double.dbf Quattro-test2.dbf umlaut-test7.dbf
!:ext dbf
# probably Apollo Database Server 9.7? xBase (0x6)
>>0 ubyte 0x06 Apollo
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: ALIAS.DBF CRYPT.DBF PROCS.DBF USERS.DBF
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/foxpro/st4a0s68(v=vs.80)
>>0 ubyte 0x2F FoxBase+/Dbase III plus, no memo
!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
>>0 ubyte 0x30 Visual FoxPro
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: 26FRX.DBF 30DBC.DBF 30DBCPRO.DBF BEHINDSC.DBF USER_LEV.DBF
# Microsoft Visual FoxPro Database Container File like: FOXPRO-DB-TEST.DBC TESTDATA.DBC TASTRADE.DBC
>>0 ubyte 0x31 Visual FoxPro, autoincrement
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: AI_Table.DBF dbase_31.dbf w_cityFoxpro.dbf
# Visual FoxPro, with field type Varchar or Varbinary
>>0 ubyte 0x32 Visual FoxPro, with field type Varchar
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: dbase_32.dbf
# dBASE IV SQL, no memo;dbv memo var size (Flagship)
>>0 ubyte 0x43 dBase IV, with SQL table
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: ASSEMBLY.DBF INVENTRY.DBF STAFF.DBF
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/foxpro/st4a0s68(v=vs.80)
>>0 ubyte 0x62 dBase IV, with SQL table
#!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
# dBASE IV, with memo!!
>>0 ubyte 0x7b dBase IV, with memo
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: test3memo.DBF dbase5.DBF
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/foxpro/st4a0s68(v=vs.80)
>>0 ubyte 0x82 dBase IV, with SQL system
#!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
# FoxBase+/dBaseIII+ with memo .DBT!
>>0 ubyte 0x83 FoxBase+/dBase III, with memo .DBT
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: T2.DBF t3.DBF biblio.dbf dbase_83.dbf dbase3dbt0_4.dbf fsadress.dbf stop.dbf
# VISUAL OBJECTS (first 1.0 versions) for the Dbase III files (NTX clipper driver); memo file
>>0 ubyte 0x87 VISUAL OBJECTS, with memo file
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: ACCESS.DBF dbase3date.dbf dbase3float.dbf holdings.dbf mitarbei.dbf
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/foxpro/st4a0s68(v=vs.80)
>>0 ubyte 0x8A FoxBase+/dBase III, with memo .DBT
#!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
# dBASE IV with memo!
>>0 ubyte 0x8B dBase IV, with memo .DBT
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: animals.dbf archive.dbf callin.dbf dbase_8b.dbf phnebook.dbf t6.dbf
# dBase IV with SQL Table,no memo?
>>0 ubyte 0x8E dBase IV, with SQL table
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: dbase5.DBF test3memo.DBF test-memo.DBF
# .dbv and .dbt memo (Flagship)?
>>0 ubyte 0xB3 Flagship
!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/foxpro/st4a0s68(v=vs.80)
>>0 ubyte 0xCA dBase IV with memo .DBT
#!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
# dBASE IV with SQL table, with memo .DBT
>>0 ubyte 0xCB dBase IV with SQL table, with memo .DBT
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: dbase5.DBF test3memo.DBF test-memo.DBF
# HiPer-Six format;Clipper SIX, with SMT memo file
>>0 ubyte 0xE5 Clipper SIX with memo
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: dbase5.DBF test3memo.DBF test-memo.DBF testClipper.dbf DATA.DBF
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/foxpro/st4a0s68(v=vs.80)
>>0 ubyte 0xF4 dBase IV, with SQL table, with memo
#!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
>>0 ubyte 0xF5 FoxPro with memo
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: CUSTOMER.DBF FOXUSER1.DBF Invoice.DBF NG.DBF OBJSAMP.DBF dbase_f5.dbf kunde.dbf
# probably Apollo Database Server 9.7 with SQL and memo mask? xBase (0xF6)
>>0 ubyte 0xF6 Apollo, with SQL table with memo
!:mime application/x-dbf
# like: SCRIPTS.DBF
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/visualstudio/foxpro/st4a0s68(v=vs.80)
#>>0 ubyte 0xFA FoxPro 2.x, with memo
#!:mime application/x-dbf
# no example
# unknown version (should not happen)
>>0 default x xBase
!:mime application/x-dbf
>>>0 ubyte x (%#x)
# flags in version byte
# DBT flag (with dBASE III memo .DBT)!!
# >>0 ubyte&0x80 >0 DBT_FLAG=%x
# memo flag ??
# >>0 ubyte&0x08 >0 MEMO_FLAG=%x
# SQL flag ??
# >>0 ubyte&0x70 >0 SQL_FLAG=%x
# test and print the date of xBase .DBF .MDX
0 name xbase-date
# inspect YYMMDD , where 1<= MM <= 12 and 1<= DD <= 31
>0 ubelong x
>1 ubyte <13
>>1 ubyte >0
>>>2 ubyte >0
>>>>2 ubyte <32
>>>>>0 ubyte x
# YY is interpreted as 20YY or 19YY
>>>>>>0 ubyte <100 \b %.2d
# YY is interpreted 1900+YY; TODO: display yy or 20yy instead 1YY
>>>>>>0 ubyte >99 \b %d
>>>>>1 ubyte x \b-%d
>>>>>2 ubyte x \b-%d

# dBase memo files .DBT or .FPT
# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8599s21w(v=vs.80).aspx
16 ubyte <4
>16 ubyte !2
>>16 ubyte !1
# next free block index is positive
>>>0 ulelong >0
# skip many JPG. ZIP, BZ2 by test for reserved bytes NULL , 0|2 , 0|1 , low byte of block size
>>>>17 ubelong&0xFFfdFEff 0x00000000
# skip many RAR by test for low byte 0 ,high byte 0|2|even of block size, 0|a|e|d7 , 0|64h
>>>>>20 ubelong&0xFF01209B 0x00000000
# dBASE III
>>>>>>16 ubyte 3
# skip with invalid "low" 1st item "\0\0\0\0" StateRepository-Deployment.srd-shm "\001\010\0\0" gcry_cast5.mod
>>>>>>>512 ubyte >040
# skip with valid 1st item "rintf" keylayouts.mod
# by looking for valid terminating character Ctrl-Z like in test.dbt
>>>>>>>>513 search/3308 \032
# skip GRUB plan9.mod with invalid second terminating character 007
# by checking second terminating character Ctrl-Z like in test.dbt
>>>>>>>>>&0 ubyte 032
# dBASE III DBT with two Ctr-Z terminating characters
>>>>>>>>>>0 use dbase3-memo-print
# second terminating character \0 like in dbase-memo.dbt or GRUB nativedisk.mod
>>>>>>>>>&0 ubyte 0
# skip GRUB nativedisk.mod with grub_mod_init\0grub_mod_fini\0grub_fs_autoload_hook\0
>>>>>>>>>>0x1ad string !grub_mod_init
# like dbase-memo.dbt
>>>>>>>>>>>0 use dbase3-memo-print
# dBASE III DBT without version, dBASE IV DBT , FoxPro FPT , or many ZIP , DBF garbage
>>>>>>16 ubyte 0
# unusual dBASE III DBT like angest.dbt, dBASE IV DBT with block size 0 , FoxPro FPT , or garbage PCX DBF
>>>>>>>20 uleshort 0
# FoxPro FPT , unusual dBASE III DBT like biblio.dbt or garbage
>>>>>>>>8 ulong =0
>>>>>>>>>6 ubeshort >0
# skip emacs.PIF
>>>>>>>>>>4 ushort 0
# check for valid FoxPro field type
>>>>>>>>>>>512 ubelong <3
# skip LXMDCLN4.OUT LXMDCLN6.OUT LXMDALG6.OUT with invalid blocksize 170=AAh
>>>>>>>>>>>>6 ubeshort&0x002f 0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>0 use foxpro-memo-print
# dBASE III DBT , garbage
# skip WORD1XW.DOC with improbably high free block index
>>>>>>>>>0 ulelong <0x400000
# skip WinStore.App.exe by looking for printable 2nd character of 1st memo item
>>>>>>>>>>513 ubyte >037
# skip DOS executables CPQ0TD.DRV E30ODI.COM IBM0MONO.DRV by looking for printable 1st character of 1st memo item
>>>>>>>>>>>512 ubyte >037
# skip few (14/758) Microsoft Event Trace Logs (boot_BASE+CSWITCH_1.etl DlTel-Merge.etl UpdateUx.006.etl) with invalid "high" 1st item \377\377
>>>>>>>>>>>>512 ubyte <0377
# skip some Commodore 64 Art Studio (Deep_Strike.aas dragon's_lair_ii.aas), some Atari DEGAS Elite bitmap (ELEPHANT.PC3 ST.PC2)
# some probably old GRUB modules (part_sun.mod) and virtual-boy-wario-land.vb.
# by looking for valid terminating character Ctrl-Z
>>>>>>>>>>>>>513 search/523 \032
# Atari DEGAS bitmap ST.PC2 with 0370 as second terminating character
#>>>>>>>>>>>>>>&0 ubyte x 2ND_CHAR_IS=%o
# dBASE III DBT with two Ctr-Z terminating characters like dbase3dbt0_1.dbt dbase_83.dbt
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>&0 ubyte 032
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0 use dbase3-memo-print
# second terminating character \0 like in pcidump.mod or fsadress.dbt umlaut-dbf-cmd.dbt
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>&0 ubyte 0
# look for old GRUB module pcidump.mod with specific content "pcidump\0Show raw dump of the PCI configuration space"
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>514 search/0x11E pcidump\0Show
# dBASE III DBT with Ctr-Z + \0 terminating characters like fsadress.dbt
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>514 default x
# unusual dBASE III DBT like fsadress.dbt umlaut-dbf-cmd.dbt
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0 use dbase3-memo-print
# dBASE III DBT like angest.dbt, or garbage PCX DBF
>>>>>>>>8 ubelong !0
# skip PCX and some DBF by test for for reserved NULL bytes
>>>>>>>>>510 ubeshort 0
# skip bad symples with improbably high free block index above 2 GiB file limit
>>>>>>>>>>0 ulelong <0x400000
# skip AI070GEP.EPS by printable 1st character of 1st memo item
>>>>>>>>>>>512 ubyte >037
# skip some Microsoft Visual C, OMF library like: BZ2.LIB WATTCPWL.LIB ZLIB.LIB
>>>>>>>>>>>>512 ubyte <0200
# skip gluon-ffhat-1.0-tp-link-tl-wr1043n-nd-v2-sysupgrade.bin by printable 2nd character
>>>>>>>>>>>>>513 ubyte >037
# skip few (8/758) Microsoft Event Trace Logs (WBEngine.3.etl Wifi.etl) with valid 1st item like
# "9600.20369.amd64fre.winblue_ltsb_escrow.220427-1727"
# "9600.19846.amd64fre.winblue_ltsb_escrow.200923-1735"
# "10586.494.amd64fre.th2_release_sec.160630-1736"
# by looking for valid terminating character Ctrl-Z
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>513 search/0x11E \032
# followed by second character Ctrl-Z implies typical DBT
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>&0 ubyte 032
# examples like: angest.dbt
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0 use dbase3-memo-print
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>&0 ubyte 0
# no example found here with terminating sequence CTRL-Z + \0
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>0 use dbase3-memo-print
# dBASE IV DBT with positive block size
>>>>>>>20 uleshort >0
# dBASE IV DBT with valid block length like 512, 1024
# multiple of 2 in between 16 and 16 K ,implies upper and lower bits are zero
# skip also 3600h 3E00h size
>>>>>>>>20 uleshort&0xE00f 0
>>>>>>>>>0 use dbase4-memo-print

# Print the information of dBase III DBT memo file
0 name dbase3-memo-print
>0 ubyte x dBase III DBT
!:mime application/x-dbt
!:ext dbt
# instead 3 as version number 0 for unusual examples like biblio.dbt
>16 ubyte !3 \b, version number %u
# Number of next available block for appending data
#>0 lelong =0 \b, next free block index %u
>0 lelong !0 \b, next free block index %u
# no positive block length
#>20 uleshort =0 \b, block length %u
>20 uleshort !0 \b, block length %u
# dBase III memo field terminated often by \032\032
# like: "WHAT IS XBASE" test.dbt "Borges, Malte" biblio.dbt "First memo\032\032" T2.DBT
>512 string >\0 \b, 1st item "%s"
# For DEBUGGING
#>512 ubelong x \b, 1ST item %#8.8x
#>513 search/0x225 \032 FOUND_TERMINATOR
#>>&0 ubyte 032 2xCTRL_Z
# fsadress.dbt has 1 Ctrl-Z terminator followed by nil byte
#>>&0 ubyte 0 1xCTRL_Z

# https://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/dbt.html
# Print the information of dBase IV DBT memo file
0 name dbase4-memo-print
>0 lelong x dBase IV DBT
!:mime application/x-dbt
!:ext dbt
# 8 character shorted main name of corresponding dBASE IV DBF file
>8 ubelong >0x20000000
# skip unusual like for angest.dbt
>>20 uleshort >0
>>>8 string >\0 \b of %-.8s.DBF
# value 0 implies 512 as size
#>4 ulelong =0 \b, blocks size %u
# size of blocks not reliable like 0x2020204C in angest.dbt
>4 ulelong !0
>>4 ulelong&0x0000003f 0 \b, blocks size %u
# dBase IV DBT with positive block length (found 512 , 1024)
>20 uleshort >0 \b, block length %u
# next available block
#>0 lelong =0 \b, next free block index %u
>0 lelong !0 \b, next free block index %u
>20 uleshort >0
>>(20.s) ubelong x
>>>&-4 use dbase4-memofield-print
# unusual dBase IV DBT without block length (implies 512 as length)
>20 uleshort =0
>>512 ubelong x
>>>&-4 use dbase4-memofield-print
# Print the information of dBase IV memo field
0 name dbase4-memofield-print
# free dBase IV memo field
>0 ubelong !0xFFFF0800
>>0 lelong x \b, next free block %u
>>4 lelong x \b, next used block %u
# used dBase IV memo field
>0 ubelong =0xFFFF0800
# length of memo field
>>4 lelong x \b, field length %d
>>>8 string >\0 \b, 1st used item "%s"
# http://www.dbfree.org/webdocs/1-documentation/0018-developers_stuff_(advanced)/os_related_stuff/xbase_file_format.htm
# Print the information of FoxPro FPT memo file
0 name foxpro-memo-print
>0 belong x FoxPro FPT
!:mime application/x-fpt
!:ext fpt
# Size of blocks for FoxPro ( 64,256 ); probably a multiple of two
>6 ubeshort x \b, blocks size %u
# next available block
#>0 belong =0 \b, next free block index %u
>0 belong !0 \b, next free block index %u
# field type ( 0~picture, 1~memo, 2~object )
>512 ubelong <3 \b, field type %u
# length of memo field
>512 ubelong 1
>>516 belong >0 \b, field length %d
>>>520 string >\0 \b, 1st item "%s"

# Summary: DBASE Compound Index file *.CDX and FoxPro index *.IDX
# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/cdx.html
# https://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/idx.html
# https://www.clicketyclick.dk/databases/xbase/format/idx_comp.html
# Reference: https://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/s/sybase-ianywhere-cdx.trid.xml
# https://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/c/cdx-vfp7.trid.xml
# like: kunde.cdx
0 ulelong 0x1C00
>0 use xbase-index
# like: SYLLABI2.CDX SYLLABUS.CDX
0 ulelong 0x0800
>0 use xbase-index
# often in xBase index pointer to root node 400h
0 ulelong 0x0400
# skip most Maple help database *.hdb with version tag handled by ./maple
>1028 string !version
# skip Maple help database hsum.hdb checking for valid reserved area
>>492 quad =0
# skip remaining Maple help database *.hdb by checking key length
#>>>12 uleshort !0x000F KEY_LENGTHVALID
>>>0 use xbase-index
# display information about dBase/FoxPro index
0 name xbase-index
>0 ulelong x xBase
!:mime application/x-dbase-index
>14 ubyte &0x40 compound index
# DCX for FoxPro database index like: TESTDATA.DCX
!:ext cdx/dcx
>14 ubyte ^0x40 index
# only 1 example like: TEST.IDX
!:ext idx
# pointer to root node like: 1C00h 800h often 400h
>0 ulelong !0x400 \b, root pointer %#x
# Pointer to free node list: often 0 but -1 if not present
>4 ulelong !0 \b, free node pointer %#x
# MAYBE number of pages in file (Foxbase, FoxPro 1.x) or
# http://www.foxpert.com/foxpro/knowlbits/files/knowlbits_200708_1.HTM
# Whenever Visual FoxPro updates the index file it increments this reserved field
# Reserved for internal use like: 02000000h 03000000h 460c0000h 780f0000h 89000000h 9fdc0100h often 0
>8 ulelong !0 \b, reserved counter %#x
# length of key like: mostly 000Ah 0028h (TEST.IDX)
>12 uleshort !0x000A \b, key length %#x
# index options like: 24h E0h E8h
# 1~a unique index 8~index has FOR clause 32~compact index format 64~compound index header
# 16~Bit vector (SoftC) 128~Structure index (FoxPro)
>14 ubyte x \b, index options (%#x
>14 ubyte &0x01 \b, unique
>14 ubyte &0x08 \b, has FOR clause
>14 ubyte &0x10 \b, bit vector (SoftC)
>14 ubyte &0x20 \b, compact format
#>14 ubyte &0x40 \b, compound header
>14 ubyte &0x80 \b, structure
>14 ubyte x \b)
# WHAT EXACTLY IS THAT? index signature like: 0 (sybase-ianywhere-cdx.trid.xml) 1 (cdx-vfp7.trid.xml)
>15 ubyte !0 \b, index signature %u
# reserved area (0-bytes) til about 500, but not for uncompressed Index files *.idx
>16 quad !0 \b, at 16 reserved %#llx
>492 quad !0 \b, at 492 reserved %#llx
# for IDX variant
#>14 ubyte ^0x40 IDX
# for CDX variant
>14 ubyte &0x40
# Ascending or descending: 0~ascending 1~descending
>>502 uleshort x \b, sort order %u
# Total expression length (FoxPro 2) like: 0 1
>>504 uleshort !0 \b, expression length %u
# FOR expression pool length like: 1
>>506 uleshort !1 \b, FOR expression pool length %#x
# reserved for internal use like: 0
>>508 uleshort !0 \b, at 0x508 reserved %#x
# Key expression pool length like: 1
>>510 uleshort !1 \b, key expression pool length %#x
# 512 - 1023 Key & FOR expression pool (uncompiled)
>>512 quad !0 \b, key expression pool %#llx
#>>520 quad !0 \b, key expression pool %#llx

# Summary: dBASE IV Printer Form *.PRF
# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dbf#Other_file_types_found_in_dBASE
# Reference: https://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/p/prf-dbase.trid.xml
0 ubeshort 0x0400
# skip some Xbase Index files *.ndx and Infocom (Z-machine 4) *.z4 handled by ./adventure
# by looking for valid printer driver name extension
>0x58 search/8 .PR2
>>0 use xbase-prf
# display information of dbase print form like printer driver *.PR2
0 name xbase-prf dBase Printer Form
!:mime application/x-dbase-prf
!:ext prf
# MAYBE version? like: 4~DBASE IV
#>0 ubyte x \b, version %u
# MAYBE flag like: 1~with output file name 0~not
#>2 ubyte !0 \b, flag %u
# optional printer text output file name like E:\DBASE\IV\T6.txt
>3 string >\0 \b, output file %s
# probably padding with nils til 0x53
#>0x48 uquad !0 \b, at 0x48 padding %#llx
# dBASE IV printer driver name like: Generic.PR2 ASCII.PR2
>0x56 string >\0 \b, using printer driver %s
# 2 is probably last character of previous dBASE printer driver name
#>0x60 ubyte !0x32 \b, at 0x60 %#x
# probably padding with nils til 0xa8
#>0x61 uquad !0 \b, at 0x61 padding %#llx
# unknown 0x03020300 0x03020100 at 0xa8
>0xa8 ubelong x \b, at 0xa8 unknown %#8.8x
# probably padding with nils til 0x2aa
#>0x2a0 uquad !0 \b, at 0x2a0 padding %#llx
# unknown 0x100ff7f01000001 at 0x2AB
>0x2ab ubequad !0x100ff7f01000001 \b, at 0x2ab unknown %#llx
# unknown 0x0042 at 0x2b3
>0x2b3 ubeshort !0x0042 \b, at 0x2b3 unknown %#4.4x
# unknown last 4 bytes at 0x2b6 like: 0 0x23
>0x2b6 ubelong !0 \b, at 0x2b6 unknown %#8.8x

# TODO:
# DBASE index file *.NDX
# dBASE compiled Format *.FMO
# FoxPro Database memo file *.DCT
# FoxPro Forms Memo *.SCT
# FoxPro Generated Menu Program *.MPR
# FoxPro Report *.FRX
# FoxPro Report Memo *.FRT
# Foxpro Generated Screen Program *.SPR
# Foxpro memo *.PJT
## End of XBase database stuff

# MS Access database
4 string Standard\ Jet\ DB Microsoft Access Database
!:mime application/x-msaccess
4 string Standard\ ACE\ DB Microsoft Access Database
!:mime application/x-msaccess

# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/wiki/Extensible_Storage_Engine
# Reference: https://github.com/libyal/libesedb/archive/master.zip
# libesedb-master/documentation/
# Extensible Storage Engine (ESE) Database File (EDB) format.asciidoc
# Note: also known as "JET Blue". Used by numerous Windows components such as
# Windows Search, Mail, Exchange and Active Directory.
4 ubelong 0xefcdab89
# unknown1
>132 ubelong 0 Extensible storage engine
!:mime application/x-ms-ese
# file_type 0~database 1~stream
>>12 ulelong 0 DataBase
# Security DataBase (sdb)
!:ext edb/sdb
>>12 ulelong 1 STreaMing
!:ext stm
# format_version 620h
>>8 uleshort x \b, version %#x
>>10 uleshort >0 revision %#4.4x
>>0 ubelong x \b, checksum %#8.8x
# Page size 4096 8192 32768
>>236 ulequad x \b, page size %lld
# database_state
>>52 ulelong 1 \b, JustCreated
>>52 ulelong 2 \b, DirtyShutdown
#>>52 ulelong 3 \b, CleanShutdown
>>52 ulelong 4 \b, BeingConverted
>>52 ulelong 5 \b, ForceDetach
# Windows NT major version when the databases indexes were updated.
>>216 ulelong x \b, Windows version %d
# Windows NT minor version
>>220 ulelong x \b.%d

# From: Joerg Jenderek
# URL: https://forensicswiki.org/wiki/Windows_Application_Compatibility
# Note: files contain application compatibility fixes, application compatibility modes and application help messages.
8 string sdbf
>7 ubyte 0
# TAG_TYPE_LIST+TAG_INDEXES
>>12 uleshort 0x7802 Windows application compatibility Shim DataBase
# version? 2 3
#>>>0 ulelong x \b, version %d
!:mime application/x-ms-sdb
!:ext sdb

# TDB database from Samba et al - Martin Pool <[email protected]>
0 string TDB\ file TDB database
>32 lelong 0x2601196D version 6, little-endian
>>36 lelong x hash size %d bytes

# SE Linux policy database
0 lelong 0xf97cff8c SE Linux policy
>16 lelong x v%d
>20 lelong 1 MLS
>24 lelong x %d symbols
>28 lelong x %d ocons

# ICE authority file data (Wolfram Kleff)
2 string ICE ICE authority data

# X11 Xauthority file (Wolfram Kleff)
10 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
11 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
12 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
13 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
14 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
15 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
16 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
17 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data
18 string MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 X11 Xauthority data

# From: Maxime Henrion <[email protected]>
# PostgreSQL's custom dump format, Maxime Henrion <[email protected]>
0 string PGDMP PostgreSQL custom database dump
>5 byte x - v%d
>6 byte x \b.%d
>5 beshort <0x101 \b-0
>5 beshort >0x100
>>7 byte x \b-%d

# Type: Advanced Data Format (ADF) database
# URL: https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/cgns/adf/
# From: Nicolas Chauvat <[email protected]>
0 string @(#)ADF\ Database CGNS Advanced Data Format

# Tokyo Cabinet magic data
# http://tokyocabinet.sourceforge.net/index.html
0 string ToKyO\ CaBiNeT\n Tokyo Cabinet
>14 string x \b (%s)
>32 byte 0 \b, Hash
!:mime application/x-tokyocabinet-hash
>32 byte 1 \b, B+ tree
!:mime application/x-tokyocabinet-btree
>32 byte 2 \b, Fixed-length
!:mime application/x-tokyocabinet-fixed
>32 byte 3 \b, Table
!:mime application/x-tokyocabinet-table
>33 byte &1 \b, [open]
>33 byte &2 \b, [fatal]
>34 byte x \b, apow=%d
>35 byte x \b, fpow=%d
>36 byte &0x01 \b, [large]
>36 byte &0x02 \b, [deflate]
>36 byte &0x04 \b, [bzip]
>36 byte &0x08 \b, [tcbs]
>36 byte &0x10 \b, [excodec]
>40 lequad x \b, bnum=%lld
>48 lequad x \b, rnum=%lld
>56 lequad x \b, fsiz=%lld

# Type: QDBM Quick Database Manager
# From: Benoit Sibaud <[email protected]>
0 string \\[depot\\]\n\f Quick Database Manager, little endian
0 string \\[DEPOT\\]\n\f Quick Database Manager, big endian

# Type: TokyoCabinet database
# URL: http://tokyocabinet.sourceforge.net/
# From: Benoit Sibaud <[email protected]>
0 string ToKyO\ CaBiNeT\n TokyoCabinet database
>14 string x (version %s)

# From: Stephane Blondon https://www.yaal.fr
# Database file for Zope (done by FileStorage)
0 string FS21 Zope Object Database File Storage v3 (data)
0 string FS30 Zope Object Database File Storage v4 (data)

# Cache file for the database of Zope (done by ClientStorage)
0 string ZEC3 Zope Object Database Client Cache File (data)

# IDA (Interactive Disassembler) database
0 string IDA1 IDA (Interactive Disassembler) database

# Hopper (reverse engineering tool) https://www.hopperapp.com/
0 string hopperdb Hopper database

# URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama_(database_engine)
# Reference: http://www.provue.com/Panorama/
# From: Joerg Jenderek
# NOTE: test only versions 4 and 6.0 with Windows
# length of Panorama database name
5 ubyte >0
# look after database name for "some" null bits
>(5.B+7) ubelong&0xF3ffF000 0
# look for first keyword
>>&1 search/2 DESIGN Panorama database
#!:mime application/x-panorama-database
!:apple KASXZEPD
!:ext pan
# database name
>>>5 pstring x \b, "%s"

#
#
# askSam Database by Stefan A. Haubenthal <[email protected]>
0 string askw40\0 askSam DB

#
#
# MUIbase Database Tool by Stefan A. Haubenthal <[email protected]>
0 string MBSTV\040 MUIbase DB
>6 string x version %s

#
# CDB database
0 string NBCDB\012 NetBSD Constant Database
>7 byte x \b, version %d
>8 string x \b, for '%s'
>24 lelong x \b, datasize %d
>28 lelong x \b, entries %d
>32 lelong x \b, index %d
>36 lelong x \b, seed %#x

#
# Redis RDB - https://redis.io/topics/persistence
0 string REDIS Redis RDB file,
>5 regex [0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9] version %s

# Mork database.
# Used by older versions of Mozilla Suite and Firefox,
# and current versions of Thunderbird.
# From: David Korth <[email protected]>
0 string //\ <!--\ <mdb:mork:z\ v=" Mozilla Mork database
>23 string x \b, version %.3s

# URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_Information_Format
# Reference: https://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0005.pdf
# From: Joerg Jenderek
# Note: only tested with monitor asset reports of Dell Display Manager
# skip start like Language=fr|CA|iso8859-1
0 search/27/C Start\040Component DMI Management Information Format
#!:mime text/plain
!:mime text/x-dmtf-mif
!:ext mif