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Subject: Satellite Imagery FAQ - 4/5
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Summary: Satellite Imagery for Earth Observation
X-Last-Updated: 1996/12/17
Originator: [email protected]
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Archive-name: sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/part4

  This document is part of the Satellite Imagery FAQ

Satellite Information

 ADEOS

  ADEOS was successfully launched on August 17th, 1996. Information from
  the NASDA Front Page at http://www.nasda.go.jp

 Almaz

  Russian SAR imagery, ground resolution believed to be up to 15m.
  Images approx 40Km square. Available in four standard levels. Product
  details are at http://gds.esrin.esa.it/Ceuri.almaz.

 ERS-1

  ERS-1, the first European Remote Sensing Satellite, was launched by
  ESA in July 1991.

  Stop press: reorganisation of Esrin's pages invalidates former links
  under "services". GDS links, including the ERS-1 mission front page at
  http://gds.esrin.esa.it/Ceuro_ers still work.

  This now includes ERS-1 FAQ, mission information, applications &
  bibliography, imagery and services. Further information, including
  _Earth Observation Quarterly_ continue to be available through
  http://services.esrin.esa.it.

  Online browsing of ERS-1 SAR images is available through Esrin's
  Multi-Mission Browse Service (MMBS) at
  http://tracy.esrin.esa.it:8001/www/

  For ground station availability, see
  http://sloth.esrin.esa.it/gsstatus.html

  Reference:
  ERS User Handbook, esa SP-1148, ed. Bruce Battrick ISSN 0379-6566 ISBN
  92-9092-029-7 published by ESA-ESTEC, Nordwijk, NL.

 ERS-2

  Extensive set of WWW pages unveiled just before the April 21st Launch
  under http://services.esrin.esa.it/ including daily reports during
  calibration phase. The new GOME equipment is described under
  http://gds.esrin.esa.it/Ccal_val_gome.

   ATSR (Along Track Scanning Radiometer - ERS 1 and 2)

  Homepage at http://www.atsr.rl.ac.uk/

 IRS-1C

  IRS-1C was launched successfully on December 28th, 1995. Information
  is available from the homepage at http://www.stph.net:80/nrsa/.

  Information posted by Nick Rollings and ([email protected]) and
  Guy Pierre ([email protected]); reformated with possible errors by me:

IRS-1C charactersitics

                PAN             LISS-III                     WIFS

Type          Pushbroom         Pushbroom                  Whisk-broom

Quantisation     64               128                           128

repeat cycle     24                24                           5 off-nadir
 days

Swath (km)       70               142                           810

Spatial Res.(m)  5.8              23.5 (B2-4) 70.5 (B5)         188

Spectral Bands B1 0.50-0.75 B2 0.52-0.59 B3 0.62-0.68 B4 0.77-0.86 B5 1.55-1.70
(source: Australian Centre for Remote Sensing ACRES)

- the PAN camera is a high resolution (5.8m) single band sensor
(0.5-0.75 microns) with ground swath of 70 kms. It can be steered
up to +/- 26 degrees for obtaining stereoscopic data and 5 day
revisit.
- IRS-1C has an on-board recorder allowing to store 24 minutes of
data, over half a swath (35 km) in PAN mode
(Source: INTERFACE bulletin from the NRSA data centre)

 JERS-1

  Japanese Earth Resources Satellite -1
  NASDA's WWW page on this satellite is at
  http://hdsn.eoc.nasda.go.jp/guide/guide/satellite/satdata/jers_e.html
  and includes brief details & a couple of images.

   Sensor Characteristics

  http://gds.esrin.esa.it/CEURI.APP3.JERS1

   OPS (Optical) Imagery - Online Browse

  http://tracy.esrin.esa.it:8001/www/

 KOSMOS

  Russian imagery; currently the highest spatial resolution of any
  available. The KVR-1000 camera produces imagery at up to 2-meter
  resolution (panchromatic). There are online samples at
  http://cen.cenet.com/htmls/d2/sate.htm.

  A fine sample in the Eurimage 1995 calender shows KVR-1000 combined
  with Landsat TM to give the effect of ultra-high-resolution colour
  imagery. The TK-350 camera offers 10-meter resolution, and stereo
  capabilities.

  Technical information on the net is (AFAIK) sparse, but Ivan Krasnyj
  ([email protected] at the time) posted the following:

  TK-350   (Topographic  Camera)     has     high      measuring
characteristics. The images obtained  by  this  camera  have 10 m
ground resolution, average  scale  is  1:660000,  image  size  is
30x45 cm, one image covers the area 200x300 km, and  longitudinal
stereoscopic overlap is 60% or 80%.
  Stereoscopic overlap of TK-350 camera  images  (maximum  value
of B/H ratio is close to 1)  provides  the  obtaining  of  ground
relief mean error of 7 m, which is more  better  than  for  other
existing systems.
  The image can be enlarged up to 1:50000 scale.

  KVR-1000.
  KVR-1000 (High  Resolution  Camera)  can  work  together  with
TK-350 and provides the obtaining of the images with 2  m  ground
resolution, 1:220000 average scale, image size is 18x18  cm,  and
one image covers area  40x40  km.  Camera  works  in panchromatic
spectral range. The materials obtained by means of  KVR-1000  let
one to  perform  the  detailed  identification  of  the  area  of
shooting. The images can be enlarged up to 1:10000 scale  without
significant loss of quality, which makes possible  to  create  on
their basis photomaps, photoplans and  other  products  of  scale
1:10000 and smaller.

  Joint use of photo  materials  made  by  TK-350  and  KVR-1000
cameras together with the numerical measuring  parameters,  which
are registered at the moment of  shooting,  let  one  to  perform
photogrammetric  processing  and   to   create  topographic   and
photomaps of 1:50000  scale  and  smaller.   It  is  possible  to
create maps practically  of  any  region  of  the  Earth surface,
including the territories, where  geodetic reference  network  is
unavailable.

  Images can be delivered in the form of film, paper  print  and
as digital data.

 Landsat

  Landsat's mission is "to provide for repetitive acquisition of high
  resolution multispectral data of the earth's surface on a global
  basis". Landsat is the "classic" Earth Observation satellite, dating
  back to 1972. The MSS (Multispectral Scanner) instrument provides
  visible/infrared imagery at 80m resolution; the TM (Thematic Mapper),
  first deployed on Landsat 4 in 1982, improves this to 20-30m.

  Comprehensive guides are available at
  http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/landsat.

  http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/landsat_tm.

  World-map based WWW browsing of Landsat TM imagery is available from
  http:tracy.esrin.esa.it:8001/www/ or http://www.coresw.com.

  1982-1985 TM, and 1972-1992 MSS data are available at reduced prices
  from USGS. See http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/news/tm.html. See
  also the Landsat Pathfinder, at
  http://pathfinder-www.sr.unh.edu/pathfinder/

 Meteosat

  Meteosat homepage is at http://gds.esrin.esa.it/Cmeteosat

 Nimbus

  Description and imagery at http://gds.esrin.esa.it/CNIMBUS

  (AFAIK) most noted for the CZCS ocean colour and other marine maps.
  This data is available in a variety of net locations and on CDROM. See
  the SeaWiFS project's pages at
  http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/CZCS.html

 NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES)

  This long-running (1978-) series of satellites carry the AVHRR
  instrument. A passive visible/infrared instrument imaging a broad
  (2400Km) swath, this is the most widely used of any in large-area
  (including continental and global scale) Earth Observation.

  A very comprehensive collection listing sources for data, information,
  technical reference, and describing applications is actively
  maintained by FAQ co-author Wim Bakker at
  http://www.itc.nl/~bakker/noaa.html

  There is a comprehensive technical guide to AVHRR imagery at
  http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/avhrr.

  Sources for AVHRR data on the net are numerous - here are a few:
   1. (near) real-time: (see also Weather Pics)

       http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/images.html
               Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
               "Global Satellite Imagery"

   2. Datasets (see also Whole-World Images)

       http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/landdaac.html
               USGS/EDC Land DAAC

       http://atlas.esrin.esa.it:8000/
               Global AVHRR 1KM Server from ESA/ESRIN.

       http://shark1.esrin.esa.it/
               _Ionia_ browser from ESA/ESRIN

       http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/BRS_SRVR/avhrrbrs_main.ht
               ml
               Land Pathfinder from NASA/GSFC.

       http://podaac-www.jpl.nasa.gov/sst
               SST Pathfinder from NASA/JPL

       http://pegasus.nesdis.noaa.gov/pathfinder.html
               Atmosphere pathfinder from NOAA

       http://www.saa.noaa.gov/
               NOAA Satellite Active Archive (DAAC)

       http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/pub/magsst/magsst.html
               Modern Average Global Sea Surface Temperature (USGS)

       http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/avhrr/
               Ocean Remote Sensing Group of the Johns Hopkins
               University / Applied Physics Laboratory.

       http://www.xmission.com/~idi/usfs.htm
               The USA from Space

 RADARSAT

  Canadian Space Agency's major Earth Observation satellite, due for
  1995 launch. Pending a proper entry here, see their homepage at
  http://adro.radar1.sp-agency.ca/adrohomepage.html. It's good and
  comprehensive, but slow!

  Another introduction is available from CCRS, at
  http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/radarsat/rsate.html

  December 1995: Radarsat Imagery is now online from MDA at
  http://www.mda.ca/radarsat/

 RESURS

  Resurs imagery represents an important intermediate between the high
  spatial resolution of TM or SPOT and the high coverage of AVHRR or
  ATSR. A good writeup of this satellite available from SSC at
  http://www.ssc.se/ssc/sb/resurs.html

  An Inventory/browse service is available from Eurimage, at
  http://www.eurimage.it/einet/einet_home.html.

 SeaStar

  Ocean colour monitoring satellite; successor to CZCS(Nimbus). SeaWiFS
  - High temporal and spectral resolution optical instrument.

  Comprehensive information on homepage at
  http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/scripts/SEAWIFS.html.

 Shuttle

  The principal Earth Observation missions (AFAIK) are Imaging Radar.
  There is also a collection of Earth Observation imagery at NASA/JSC
  http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/html/home.htm

   Shuttle Imaging Radar

  Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar
  The most recent Shuttle Imaging Radar mission is a joint venture of
  NASA and the German and Italian national space agencies. It is
  equipped with an advanced imaging radar operating at three different
  wavelengths, and a variable viewing angle. SIR-C missions took place
  in April and October 1994. It is well covered by several good
  webpages, including:
    * NASA JPL have an excellent imaging radar homepage at
      http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/, the serious contents of which is
      at http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/scienceapps.html. Links from this
      page include information and browse images, and also an
      interactive _bulletin board_ (nice)! for discussion of imaging
      radar.
    * DLR have a SIR-C/X-SAR page http://www.op.dlr.de/ne-hf/SRL.html,
      containing general and mission information and online imagery, and
      an excellent description.
    * USGS/EDC have a SIR-C/X-SAR page at
      http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/sir-c/sir-c.html, with general
      information and browse facility.

  There is also a new browser at
  http://ic-www.arc.nasa.gov/ic/projects/bayes-group/Atlas/Earth/.
  However, it refused to serve me images: someone tell me whether it's
  broken or whether I have a problem?

   Shuttle Handheld Photography

  Information and imagery is available from JSC at
  http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop.html.

 Satellite Pour L'Observation de la Terre (SPOT)

  The French SPOT satellites provide high-resolution visual/infrared
  Earth Observation imagery. At 10m (Panchromatic) / 20m
  (Multispectral), SPOT imagery offers higher resolution than the major
  alternative Landsat. In addition, SPOT is the leading provider of
  stereoscopic (3-dimensional) imagery.

  Spot is on the Web at two apparently identical sites:
  http://www.spotimage.fr and http://www.spot.com. There is a
  comprehensive technical guide to SPOT at
  http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/spot.

  Browsing SPOT imagery can be challenging (but check out
  http://www.coresw.com/.

  For the time being, Spot Image's DALI catalogue system is no longer
  accessible through IDN, as previously reported here. It is available
  on WWW through SPOT's websites on payment of a fee, or by X29
  connection. As usual, Wim Bakker tracked down the currently valid
  information:

To be complete:

OLD X29 numbers:
       -(2080)31001232
       -(2080)310012323
       -(2080)3100123203

NEW X29 numbers:
       -(2080)31081141
       -(2080)310811413
       -(2080)31081141303

For me the following command on a VAX/VMS works for connecting to DALI:

       $set host/x29 02080310811413

Username and password (as used by the CEOS-IDN "LINK") QLEMAST and MASTER
still work!

  _(the IDN presumably *could* gateway to the new X29 numbers and thus
  reinstate the service as previously described)_

 TOPEX/POSEIDON

  Details and imagery at the homepage http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/

  Sea-Surface Height Map - an interactive browser is available at
  http://www.ccar.colorado.edu/~hendricj/topexssh.html

 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)

  See http://ame.gsfc.nasa.gov/tsdis/tsdis.html

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