Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!faqserv
From: [email protected] (Russ Hersch)
Newsgroups: comp.arch.embedded,comp.sys.intel,comp.robotics.misc,comp.realtime,sci.electronics.design,alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt,comp.answers,sci.answers,alt.answers,news.answers
Subject: 8051 microcontroller FAQ
Supersedes: <microcontroller-faq/[email protected]>
Followup-To: poster
Date: 12 Sep 1997 10:51:08 GMT
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Message-ID: <microcontroller-faq/[email protected]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: penguin-lust.mit.edu
Summary: This article is a collection of information sources on the
        Intel 8051 family of microcontrollers (and variants).
X-Last-Updated: 1997/09/11
Originator: [email protected]
Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.arch.embedded:23800 comp.sys.intel:135172 comp.robotics.misc:17945 comp.realtime:21811 sci.electronics.design:47745 alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt:32930 comp.answers:28026 sci.answers:7062 alt.answers:28881 news.answers:112098

Archive-name: microcontroller-faq/8051
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: September 11, 1997

This article is a collection of information sources on the Intel 8051
family of microcontrollers (and variants).

The following topics are addressed:

     0)  Rantings and ravings (to make the FAQ zero-based)

     1)  ABOUT THIS FAQ
   1.1)  Who put this FAQ together?
   1.2)  How can I contribute to this FAQ?
   1.3)  What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
   1.4)  May I distribute this FAQ or post it somewhere else?
   1.5)  How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?

     2)  ABOUT THE 8051
   2.1)  The 8051 microcontroller
   2.2)  8051 Flavors
   2.3)  16-bit 8051 parts
   2.4)  8051 representatives and approximate prices
   2.5)  Common and New 80x51 variants
   2.6)  Advantages realized in implementing control applications on
         this family of microcontrollers
   2.7)  Getting started
   2.8)  Technical Questions and Answers

     3)  SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE 8051
   3.1)  FTP sites
   3.2)  Web pages
   3.3)  Mailing lists
   3.4)  BBSs
   3.5)  Help available!

     4)  8051 PRODUCTS
   4.1)  Free languages and development tools
   4.2)  Free C compilers
   4.3)  Commercially available products

     5)  8051 DOCUMENTATION
   5.1)  Periodicals
   5.2)  Books
   5.3)  Miscellaneous documentation


0)  Rantings and ravings

   Disclaimer:  Just so it is understood, the "rantings and ravings" are
   my rantings and raving.  My readers are refined and sophisticated and
   would never rant or rave.  I, on the other hand, sit in front of the
   TV in torn underwear and drink beer out of the bottle.

   =====> OK, I know this FAQ is long. Very long. Well... it's
   ridiculously long. If you are inconvenienced or strenuously object to
   the posting of this FAQ, please DON'T FLAME me or send me nasty mail.
   Just think what I have to go through. This FAQ takes a lot of my
   time, of which I have very little to spare. I'm open for suggestions.
   I've considered the following:
       - splitting it up into smaller parts
       - eliminating certain sections which may no longer be relevant -
         the web and search engines certainly seem to make a lot of this
         FAQ obsolete (or am I mistaken on this?)
       - not posting it to the newsgroups and just turning this
         whole mess into a [large] web page (the problem with this
         is that I don't have a web site)
       - forgetting about it all together and reminding my kids that I'm
         their father (if you all tell me to go packing, I'll gladly
         fold up shop and devote more time to family, friends, and
         personal hygiene)
   I would be happy to hear ideas on how this FAQ could be improved for
   the reader. If it makes MY job easier, then that's even better.


   OK, with that out of the way, let's get on with it...


   Well, it's finally here. A free C compiler for the 8051. Featured in
   Dr. Dobb's August 1997 issue, Andy Yuen's Retargetable Concurrent
   Small C (RCSC) is based on James E. Hendrix' lengendary Small C. A
   previous iteration of RCSC, Concurrent Small C was introduced in the
   August 1996 issue of Dr. Dobbs. With the release of this compiler,
   Andy Yuen is very likely to become a folk hero.

   So, why are you still reading this? The FAQ will wait! First download
   a copy of RCSC. You can get it from: http://www.ddj.com or
   ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/ddj. Then go out and find a copy of Dr. Dobb's
   August 1997 issue.

   You'll still need to purchase either James E. Hendrix's "A Small C
   Compiler" (ISBN 0-13-814724-8) or the Dr. Dobb's Small C Compiler
   Resource CD. This of course means that the free C compiler isn't
   totally free, but then again, what is?


   If you'd like to start learning about microcontrollers, but the
   thought of finding all the parts and then building one scares you,
   take a look at the line of boards available from American Educational
   Systems. They have three boards: AES-51 (8051), AES-11 (68hc11), and
   AES-88 (8088). All three boards are built along the same lines and
   include RAM, ROM, LCD display, keypad, A/D, serial ports, digital I/O
   ports, and logic probe. Also included is a full bookshelf of
   documentation. The AES-51 comes with a hardware manual, language
   manual, and Intel's 8051 User's Manual (over 500 pages of reference
   material). The board has a built in BASIC-52 and monitor built into
   external ROM on board. The BASIC even includes commands for
   displaying on the LCD. These boards are ridiculously easy to use and
   program - you can get started experimenting right away.

   This is a perfect system for students and hobbyists. Even
   professionals will find this system useful as a prototyping tool and
   test bed. Highly recommended.

   For more information, contact:
         American Educational Systems
         970 West 17th St.
         Santa Ana, CA  92706  USA
         (800)730-3232 or (714)550-8094   Fax: (714)550-9941


   SPJ Systems (Pune, India) has announced version 3.0 of their C
   compiler for the 8051.  The major new feature of this version is
   support for the "bit" type.  Although this version imposes some
   limitations on the use of this newly supported type, you can now use
   the bit manipulation capability of the 8051.  One important benefit
   will be smaller code size and code which is easier to maintain and
   understand.

   A working demo of the compiler package, which includes the library
   sources and permits the compilation of small programs, is available
   from their web site.

   For questions or comments about the product, you can contact them at:
         SPJ SYSTEMS
         114, Chitrashala Bldg.
         562, Sadashiv Peth
         Pune, India
         Phone: 91-212-451607   Fax: 91-212-480285
         Email: [email protected]
         Web:   http://www.prime-digest.w1.com/spj


   Air Born Electronics in Australia has some nice project plans for the
   8051 available on their web site. Point your browser at:
        http://www.airborn.com.au/


   MDL Labs offers the following BASIC language packages for the 8051:
        1. BASIKIT--Integrated Programming Environment for BASIC-52
           and for MDL-BASIC-I, MDL-BASIC-P, and MDL-BASIC-D. BASIKIT
           includes a full-screen editor and permits writing programs
           with labels rather than line numbers.
        2. MDL-BASIC-I and MDL-BASIC-P are supersets of the original
           BASIC-52, for the Intel 8052 and the Phillips PCB83C552,
           respectively. All bugs removed.
        3. MDL-BASIC-D is a BASIC for the Dallas 87C530 which accesses
           all the features of the chip, including both serial ports,
           the Watchdog, and the power-saving features. The BASIC will
           address up to 512K of memory and will collect data into that
           memory via serial port interrupts. It runs faster at 25 MHz
           than compiled code on the 8052.
        MDL Labs
        1073 Limberlost Court
        Columbus, OH 43235
        Tel/Fax: 614-431-2675
        Email: [email protected]


   Students at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
   developed a "Remote Lab for the 8051". You send a machine code of the
   8051 to a remote host (where there is 8051 board plugged in the PC)
   and receive the values of the registers. Study the 8051
   microcontroller, without buying a board. For more information:
         www.inf.ufsc.br/~jbosco/labvir.htm
   The Email of students are:
         Miguel <[email protected]>
         Cleber <[email protected]>


   Hans Schou write to inform that the USB organization now has their
   own homepage: http://www.usb.org (was http://www.teleport.com/~usb).
   Hans is also willing to help out with problems using the 8051. His
   new email address is: [email protected]


   TCG (in Taiwan) has introduced two new products. One product is
   32K-byte EPROM Emulator and the other is AT89C2051/1051 programmer
   with limited emulation capability. These products feature platform
   independence. You can use PC, Mac, Unix workstation, or even a dumb
   terminal. All the necessary commands are built into the on-board
   controller. For more information, check out these web sites:
        http://www.yp.at-taiwan.com/~com00121
        http://www.hth.com
   For more information:
        TCG
        11 Ally22 Ln21 Pei-Ta Rd., Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
        (886)3-532-7372   Fax: 886-3-531-7162
        Email:[email protected]


   Take care,

             Uncle Russ


1)  ABOUT THIS FAQ

1.1)  Who put this FAQ together?

   I was prompted to put this FAQ together in response to my own
   frustration in searching for information, and to the constant
   occurrence of requests for information on this subject in various
   newsgroups.  Hopefully others won't need to go through what I did.

   Normally, I spend all day programming in assembler or C on an IBM PC.
   With my hobbyist hat on I decided to try my hand at a little
   microcontroller project design.  When it came time to start, I had no
   idea what to do.  I had nothing to start with - no assembler, no
   programming language, no simulator.  I cobbled together a simulator
   to help me learn about the workings of the chip.  It's not being made
   available to the public since I'm afraid the simulator isn't very
   good.  It was for my own use, so the user interface (there is none)
   really sucks eggs.

   I decided to search the net for information on the 8051.  This list
   was compiled the hard way, logging onto every anonymous ftp site I
   could find and looking around.  I also used Archie, other FAQs and
   lists, and every reference to the 8051 that appeared in the various
   news groups.  It took a long time till stuff finally started popping
   up.  I saved all of my notes and the result was the first version of
   this FAQ.  Responses have been pouring in, and the result is a much
   more complete and thorough FAQ.


1.2)  How can I contribute to this list?

   I please ask that if you have any suggestions or additions, or you
   would like to correct any of the information contained herein, please
   send me a note.
        My Email address is:  [email protected]
        My Snail-Mail address is:
              Russ Hersch
              HaVradim 11
              Ginot Shomron
              ISRAEL

   The list of individuals who have sent suggestions and encouragement
   is endless.  I hope it suffices to say "Thank you to all who have
   contributed to this FAQ - we all appreciate it."

   Special thanks to recent contributors:
         Pramod Ramade (SPJ Systems)
         Mark Meyer (American Educational Systems)
         Michael Markowitz (EDN magazine)
         Enrique Viseras
         Philippe Techer (Virtual Micro Design)
         Richard Lane
         Ray Lavender (MDL Labs)
         Hans Schou
         Alfred Arnold
         CH Tsai (TCG, Taiwan)

   I hope that those of you who know of interesting items for the 8051
   will share with everyone by contributing to this list.  Piles of
   stuff is turning up thanks to everyone's help.

   If you are a manufacturer and have a web site, ftp site, or BBS
   available that supports the 8051, please let me know by EMail so that
   I can add it to this FAQ.  Also, please feel free to update me on new
   products.


1.3)  What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?

   This FAQ will be posted to the following newsgroups:
         comp.sys.intel
         comp.realtime
         comp.robotics
         comp.lang.forth
         sci.electronics
   These newsgroups often contain discussions, announcements, or
   information on the 8051.  Check them out from time to time.

   The schedule for posting will be once a month.  I can't promise that
   it will be on time, but I hope to post it on the 26th of each month.

   You might also want to check out the following newsgroups, since they
   quite frequently have discussions about the 8051 and other
   microcontrollers:
         comp.arch.embedded
         alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt

   A bit farther afield, but still of possible interest:
         comp.lang.misc
         comp.ai.fuzzy
         comp.dsp
         sci.engr.control
         sci.engr.semiconductors


1.4)  May I post this FAQ to my local BBS?

   I am putting no restrictions on the use of this FAQ except - It must
   be distributed in its entirety with the copyright notice, and no
   financial gain may be realized from it.  After all, I have spent, and
   continue to spend, a lot of time on this.  The only thing that I
   intend to gain from it is more information on the 8051, and getting
   to know my fellow 8051 groupies better.

   For this reason I have appended a copyright statement to the end of
   this FAQ.  I feel pretty silly doing this, but I just want to protect
   myself.  The copyright does not limit the use of this list for
   noncommercial purposes.  I hereby give my permission to one and all
   to pass this list around and post it wherever you want - as long as
   it is not for financial gain.

       Thank you.


1.5)  How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?

   If anyone wishes to start a FAQ on another microcontroller, please
   feel free to copy the format of this FAQ - I don't intend on
   copyrighting the look and feel ;-).  With a common format, we will
   all benefit when trying to find information on a particular
   microcontroller.


   Other Microcontroller FAQs

     Subject:  PIC microcontrollers
     Newsgroups:  <no longer posted to newsgroups>
     Web page:  http://digiserve.com/takdesign
     Maintainer:  Tom Kellett
                  Email: [email protected]

     Subject:  68hc11 microcontrollers
     Newsgroups:  comp.realtime
                  comp.robotics
                  sci.electronics
     Archive:  rtfm.mit.edu :  <plus all mirror sites>
               /pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
               /pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
               /pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
     Maintainer:  Robert Boys - Ontario, Canada
                  Email: [email protected]
                  Russ Hersch (maintainer emeritus :-)

     Subject:  Microcontroller primer and FAQ
     Newsgroups:  comp.sys.intel
                  comp.arch.embedded
                  comp.robotics
                  sci.electronics
                  alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
     Archive:  rtfm.mit.edu :  <plus all mirror sites>
               /pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
               /pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
               /pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
     Maintainer:  Russ Hersch
                  Email: [email protected]


   Additional FAQs of interest

     Subject:  I2C protocol
     Newsgroups:  sci.electronics
                  alt.hardware.homebuilt
                  comp.robotics
                  comp.protocols.misc.
     Comments:    The I2C bus is a simple 2 wire serial interface
                  developed by Philips.  A number of 8051 variants as
                  well as several peripherals include I2C support.
     Maintainer:  Vincent Himpe
                  Email: [email protected]

     Subject:  Robotics
     Newsgroups:  comp.robotics
     Maintainer:  Kevin Dowling
                  (412)268-8830
                  Email: [email protected]
                  Smail: Carnegie Mellon University
                         The Robotics Institute
                         Pittsburgh, PA 15213

     Subject:  Electronics
     Newsgroups:  sci.electronics
     Comments:  There are a number of FAQs available in this newsgroup
                on various subjects.  Among some of the subjects covered
                are:  LCDs, stepper motors, etc.

     FAQ subject:  Real-time
     Newsgroups:  comp.realtime, comp.answers, news.answers
     Archive:  rtfm.mit.edu : pub/usenet/comp.realtime
     Maintainer:  Mark Linimon
                      Lonesome Dove Computing Services
                      Roanoke, Virginia
                  Email: [email protected].

     Subject:  Motorola 68K microprocessor line
     Newsgroups:  comp.sys.m68k
     Comments:  without a doubt, one of the finest FAQs ever written
                (well, of course Bob paid me to say this ;-)
     Archive:  bode.ee.ualberta.ca : pub/motorola/general
               ftp.luth.se : /pub/misc/motorola/faq
               file name of archive is m68kfaq?.zip (? is version)
     Maintainer:  Robert Boys - Ontario, Canada
                  Email: [email protected]


   For more detailed information on various 8051 microcontroller parts,
   see the article posted to comp.robotics and sci.electronics which
   provides a tabular cross reference of features and pin counts on a
   wide range of microcontrollers (including the 8051 family).  This
   list was compiled and is being maintained by Roger Nelson
   <[email protected]>.

   For more information on various microcontrollers and their features,
   refer to the Microcontroller primer and FAQ listed above.


2)  ABOUT THE 8051


2.1)  The 8051 microcontroller

   The 8051 is an 8 bit microcontroller originally developed by Intel in
   1980.  It is the world's most popular microcontroller core, made by
   many independent manufacturers (truly multi-sourced).  There were 126
   million 8051s (and variants) shipped in 1993!!

   A typical 8051 contains:
      - CPU with boolean processor
      - 5 or 6 interrupts: 2 are external
                           2 priority levels
      - 2 or 3 16-bit timer/counters
      - programmable full-duplex serial port
        (baud rate provided by one of the timers)
      - 32 I/O lines (four 8-bit ports)
      - RAM
      - ROM/EPROM in some models

   The 8051 architecture is a tad bizarre, but then so are the
   architectures of most microcontrollers due to their specialization
   (check out the PIC for creativity - for that matter, take a look at
   any RISC chip).  One vexing problem with the 8051 is its very
   non-orthogonal instruction set - especially the restrictions on
   accessing the different address spaces.  However, after some time
   programming the chip, you can get used to it - maybe even appreciate
   it.

   One strong point of the 8051 is the way it handles interrupts.
   Vectoring to fixed 8-byte areas is convenient and efficient.  Most
   interrupt routines are very short (or at least they should be), and
   generally can fit into the 8-byte area.  Of course if your interrupt
   routine is longer, you can still jump to the appropriate routine from
   within the 8 byte interrupt region.

   The 8051 instruction set is optimized for the one-bit operations so
   often desired in real-world, real-time control applications.  The
   boolean processor provides direct support for bit manipulation.  This
   leads to more efficient programs that need to deal with binary input
   and output conditions inherent in digital-control problems.  Bit
   addressing can be used for test pin monitoring or program control
   flags.


2.2)  8051 Flavors

   The 8051 has the widest range of variants of any embedded controller
   on the market.  The smallest device is the Atmel 89c1051, a 20 Pin
   FLASH variant with 2 timers, UART, 20mA.  The fastest parts are from
   Dallas, with performance close to 10 MIPS!  The most powerful chip is
   the Siemens 80C517A, with 32 Bit ALU, 2 UARTS, 2K RAM, PLCC84
   package, 8 x 16 Bit PWMs, and other features.

   Among the major manufacturers are:
       AMD      Enhanced 8051 parts (no longer producing 80x51 parts)
       Atmel    FLASH and semi-custom parts
       Dallas   Battery backed, program download, and fastest variants
       Intel    8051 through 80c51gb / 80c51sl
       ISSI     IS80C51/31 runs up to 40MHz
       Matra    80c154, low voltage static variants
       OKI      80c154, mask parts
       Philips  87c748 thru 89c588 - more variants than anyone else
       Siemens  80c501 through 80c517a, and SIECO cores
       SMC      COM20051 with ARCNET token bus network engine
       SSI      80x52, 2 x HDLC variant for MODEM use

   Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)

      AMD was one of the first manufacturers of enhanced variants
      including such features as:  dual data pointers, slave interface
      with arbitration unit, dual port RAM, FIFO buffers, and others.
      They are now out of the 8051 business.


   Atmel

      The smallest current device is the ATMEL 89c1051, a 20 Pin FLASH
      variant with 2 timers, UART, 20mA.  ATMEL was the first with
      standard pinout FLASH, and with more program cycles than other
      custom pinout FLASH.  These parts compete with OTP and MASK
      product on price, but eliminate inventory problems and the hidden
      costs of OTP development.  This will put real pressure on
      "vanilla" micros like PIC and ST6.


   Dallas Soft Microcontrollers - DS5000(T), DS5001(T), DS2250(T)

      The Dallas Soft Microcontrollers have standard 8051 cores with
      on-chip non-volatile RAM instead of ROM.  This gives the user the
      ability to easily alter the system and is perfect for data
      logging.  These processors are available in both chip and module
      solutions.  Among the features included in this family of
      products:
         - on-chip non-volatile RAM
         - loader in ROM for downloading programs (eliminates the hassle
           of EPROM erase/program/install cycle)
         - built in real time clock option
         - watchdog timer
         - software security (program and data encryption)

      The DS500x is a standard 40 pin DIP package (well, mostly
      standard, it is really a BOX which is about double the height of a
      normal chip).  The DS225x is a SIP version which is functionally
      identical to the DS5000 but usually a bit less expensive.

      The nice thing about having the RAM on-chip, is that the I/O ports
      are unaffected.  When the RAM is configured as CODE memory, the
      DS5000 behaves exactly as a single-chip 8051.  The NV-RAM is
      static with a built-in lithium battery, and has no limitations on
      the number of writes.  You can download your code as many times as
      you like without damaging the device.  The DS5000 also includes a
      loader in ROM, which permits you to bootstrap code into the RAM to
      get underway.  The loader and on-chip RAM have an encryption
      feature with which you can protect your code from being read back
      from the device if you wish.


   Dallas High-Speed Micros - DS80c320, DS87c520, DS87c530

      Real barn-burners - performance up to 10 MIPS!  Dallas was the
      first to speed up the core.  Wasted clock and memory cycles have
      been removed using a redesigned processor core.  As a result,
      every 8051 instruction is executed up to 3 times faster than the
      original for the same crystal speed.  Clock speeds from DC to
      33MHz!

      High performance doesn't just mean speed.  High integration gives
      the user 2 full-duplex hardware serial ports, 13 total interrupt
      sources (6 external), watchdog timer, power management, power-fail
      reset, and other features.


   Intel MCS-51

      Introduced in 1980, it has become the industry standard for
      embedded control.  Intel offers a wide variety of 8051 versions
      with different configurations of on-board EPROM/ROM.  Also low
      power, high integration, and specialized parts are also offered.


   OKI

      OKI makes an 85c154 piggyback - an 8751 but with an EPROM socket
      on top!  Great with an EPROM emulator.


   Philips

      Philips has more 8051 variants than anyone else.  Among the
      derivatives that they have:  40MHz, 24 pin skinny DIP, low
      voltage, quad flat pack (QFP) versions for saving board space,
      OTP, I2C bus, and so on.

      The c5xx line features high integration, with many built-in
      features including built-in EMI/RFI suppression.

      The c7xx series are very low-end, inexpensive micros.  They are
      offered with less memory (1k, 2k, etc.) and fewer features.  In
      fact the 83c750 sells for only $1 in very high OEM volumes.


   Siemens sab80c517a

      The 80c517a is one of the most powerful 8051 variants available.
      It features high clock speed (40 MHz), and high integration with
      32 Bit ALU, 2 UARTS, 2K RAM, PLCC84 package, 8x16 bit PWMs, and
      more.


   Standard Microsystems Corporation SMC COM20051
      The COM20051 is an integrated microcontroller and network
      interface which features:
        -  high performance and low cost
        -  based on popular 8051 architecture
        -  drop-in replacement for 80C32 PLCC
        -  network supports up to 255 nodes
        -  powerful network diagnostics
        -  maximum 512 byte packets
        -  duplicate node ID detection
        -  self-configuring network protocol
        -  retains all 8051 peripherals including Serial I/O and
           2 Timers
        -  utilizes ARCNET(R) Token Bus Network Engine
        -  requires no special emulators
        -  5 Mbps to 156 Kbps data rate
        -  network interface supports RS-485, twisted pair,
           coaxial, and fiber optic interfaces
        -  "receive all" mode allows any packet to be received


   Silicon Systems Inc. SSI73M2910/2910A

      The SSI73M2910 is a high performance microcontroller designed for
      modem and communications applications.
        - 8052 Compatible Instruction set.
        - 34 MHz Operation @ 4.5 - 5.5V
        - 44 MHz Operation @ 4.75 - 5.5.V (2910A)
        - 22 MHz Operation @ 3.3 - 5.5.V
        - HDLC Support Logic (Packetizer, 16 and 32 CRC, zero ID)
        - 24 pins for user programmable I/O ports
        - 8 pins programmable chip select logic or I/O for memory mapped
          peripherals eliminating glue logic
        - 3 external interrupt sources (programmable polarity)
        - 16 dedicated latched address pins
        - Multiplexed latched/address bus
        - Instruction cycle time identical to 8052
        - Buffered oscillator (or OSC/2) output pin
        - 1.8432 MHz UART clock available
        - Bank select circuitry to support up to 128K of external
          program memory
        - 100-Lead TQFP package available for PCMCIA applications
        - Also available in 100-Lead QFP package


2.3)  16-bit 8051 parts


   A joint project between Intel and Philips Semiconductors has resulted
   in two new excting products - 16 bit 8051s!  Due to a disagreement
   between the parties, they each went their separate ways.  Intel
   developed the MCS-251, which was originally called the ZX (this name
   can still be found on one of the Intel slide shows).  Philips came
   out with the eXtended Architecture (XA) line.

   The Intel MCS-251 is a drop-in replacement for the 8051 (at least,
   after programming the mode control bits first), and is also binary
   compatible.  The XA is more of a 16 bit micro which also happens to
   be source code compatible.  One can argue the merits of which
   approach is better.

   Pin compatible parts allow instant performance upgrades for existing
   designs, and the binary compatibility truly preserves users
   investment in code and tools.  By staying firmly in the 80x51 camp,
   Intel allows users transparent access to an enormous horsepower
   range.  To further improve throughput in numerically intensive areas,
   users can use INTEGER, LONGINT, and FLOAT libraries written for the
   MCS-251.  The Philips XA is not a drop-in replacement for the 8051.

   Binary code compatibility is nice, you can move right up to a more
   powerful engine without having to bust a gut (We all know the Intel
   binary compatible success story with their 80x86 microprocessors).
   But if you're working on a new design, how necessary is binary
   compatibility?  If you're just looking for a souped up '51, Dallas
   already has the 320.  If you need the advanced features, you'll need
   to recompile or rewrite your software anyhow.  You'll also have to
   drag along some compatibility baggage with you in order to use the 16
   bit operations - these are preceded by an escape code (A5H), the only
   instruction not used in the 8051 instruction set.

   With source code compatibility, you have to recompile your code (with
   a new set of development tools), since the instruction set has been
   recrafted to allow the biggest bang for the buck.  This process isn't
   100% transparent, but then again, binary compatibility isn't either.

   If you're upgrading an existing design, the 251 is probably your only
   reasonable choice (although you might also want to consider the
   Dallas 320).  On new designs, you'll have a tough decision to make.
   Whichever path you choose to take, the 8051 will never be the same
   again.


   Intel MCS-251

      The Intel MCS-251 is 100% binary and pin compatible with the 8051,
      but with a 5-15 times boost in horsepower.  This is achieved by a
      six fold gain in bus cycles, and further hardware improvements to
      avoid wasted bus cycles.

      Further performance gains are possible by recoding critical
      sections to take advantage of the new features:  powerful 8/16/32
      bit instructions, flexible 8/16/32 registers, 16MB linear address
      space, 16-bit stack pointer, enhanced BIT manipulations, and
      improved control instructions.  In addition to extra 16/32 bit
      instructions, the 251 includes 40 registers with Accumulator and
      Index functions overlayed as 16x8, 16x16, 10x32.

      Should we expect a 351 in the future.  How about a 451?  Or maybe
      a Penti-uC?


   Philips 8051XA

      By tossing compatibility out the window, Philips was able to
      develop a true 16 microcontroller while at the same time
      preserving the basic 8051 instruction set (source).  The benefits
      of this break with tradition result in a chip that has dual 16MB
      address spaces (data and code), multitasking support with task
      protected memory segments, a separate SFR bus, fast context
      switching, and optimized code efficiency.  Other features include:
      hardware divide and multiply (over 100 times faster than an 8051),
      32 vectored interrupts, 16 hardware exceptions, and 16 trap
      instructions.


2.4)  8051 representatives and approximate prices (in USD $)

   There are many, many varieties of 8051 out there.  This is only a
   small sampling of typical prices on Intel chips.

       8031 (128 bytes RAM)...................................3.59
       80C31 (CMOS version of previous).......................6.95
       8051AH (256 bytes RAM).................................6.95
       8051AHBASIC (w/Basic interpreter built in)............29.95
       8751 (4K EPROM, 128 bytes RAM)........................26.95
       87C51 (CMOS version of previous)......................39.95


2.5)  Common and New 80x51 variants

   Intel has announced that 8052AH-BASIC has reached its EOL (end of
   life) and is not any more in production. Resellers may still have
   some chips in stock. However, both source and object code is
   available in many ftp-sites (and Intel BBS) and can be loaded into
   any 8052-compatible internal ROM memory (or external ROM, but then
   PROG and DMA cannot be used).

   At least few years ago, MicroMint Inc. (4 Park St, Vernon,
   CT 06066, USA) was selling their own 80C52-BASIC at USD 25, speed DC
   12 MHz, CMOS.

   <Thanks to Eero-Pekka Mand>


   Thanks to Jim Granville of Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd. for
   the following nice summary.

   Key:
       PCA programmable counter array
       LV  low voltage
       PWM pulse width modulation
       CC  capture/compare
       UPI Universal Peripheral Interface (Philips)

   Variant  Pins  Mfg     RAM  CODE XRAM  Notes (LV - low voltage)
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
   MCS251    40   Intel    1K  16K    0   16 Bit 80x51FX! Prelim
   80C509L  100qf Siemens 256  64Kx  3K   ALU,PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
   80C517A   84   Siemens 256  64Kx  2K   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
   80C537A   84   Siemens 256  32K   2K   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
   80537     84   Siemens 256  64Kx   0   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,8bA/D
   80517     84   Siemens 256   8K    0   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,8bA/D
   73D2910 100qfp SSI     256 128Kx   0   80C52+Ports+HDLC
   80C535A   68   Siemens 256  64Kx  1K   515+10bA/D,1K XRAM,BRG,OWD
   80CE558  80qfp Philips 256  64Kx 768   Enhanced 80C552, Sep i2c, RSO
   80C515A   68   Siemens 256  32K   1K   515+10bA/D,1K XRAM,BRG,OWD
   80535     68   Siemens 256  64Kx   0   Timer2CaptComp 6ports 8/10bA/D
   80515     68   Siemens 256   8K    0   Timer2 CaptComp 4 ports 8b A/D
   80C535    68   Siemens 256  64Kx   0   Timer2 CaptComp 5 ports 8b A/D
   80C51GB   68   Intel   256  64Kx   0   8051FA+PCA, 8b A/D, SPI
   87C51GB   68   Intel   256   8K    0   8051FA+PCA, 8b A/D, SPI
   80C592    68   Philips 256  64Kx 256   552-i2c+CAN+XRAM
   87C592    68   Philips 256  16K  256   552-i2c+CAN+XRAM
   87C598    80   Philips 256  32K  256   552-i2c+CAN+XRAM
   80C552    68   Philips 256  64Kx   0   10b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
   87C552    68   Philips 256   8K    0   10b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
   80C562    68   Philips 256  64Kx   0   8b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
   SABC505C  44   Siemens 256  64Kx 256   8bA/D,XRAM,OWD,CAN V2B, Xt2
   SABC504   44   Siemens 256  64Kx 256   10bA/D,XRAM,OWD,DC Motor PWM
   87C451    68   Philips 128   4K    0   7 Ports, 1 Handshake
   80C451    68   Philips 128  64Kx   0   7 Ports, 1 Handshake
   87C453    68   Philips 256   8K    0   7 Ports, 1 Handshake
   83CL580  56,64 Philips 256   6K    0   LV 8052+ADC+i2c+More INTs,WDOG
   80C320    40   Dallas  256  64Kx   0   FAST, 2 DPTR 2 UART VRST
   80C310    40   Dallas  256  64Kx   0   Simpler 80C320 e62.5Mhz
   87C520    40   Dallas  256  16K   1K   16K OTP enhanced 80C320
   80C51FX   40   Intel   256  64Kx   0   80C58i+PCA,AsRST
   87C51FA   40   Intel   256   8K    0   8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
   87C51FB   40   Intel   256  16K    0   8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
   87C51FC   40   Intel   256  32K    0   8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
   8XC51FB   40   Philips 256  16K    0   87C51FB with ALE RFI mode
   87C51FXL  40   Intel   256  32K    0   3.3v 80C51FC
   80C152JD  68   Intel   256  64Kx   0   HDLC/SDLC Serial
   80C152    48   Intel   256  64Kx   0   HDLC Serial
   8044      40   Intel   192  64Kx   0   RUPI Serial
   80C575    40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   8052+PCA,AnalogComp,WDOG,RSTLo
   87C575    40   Philips 256   8K    0   8052+PCA,AnalogComp,WDOG,RSTLo
   80C576    40   Philips 256   8K    0 8052+PCA,UPI,A/D,PWM,WDOG,VRSTLo
   87C576    40   Philips 256   8K    0 8052+PCA,UPI,A/D,PWM,WDOG,VRSTLo
   SABC501   40   Siemens 256  64Kx   0   40MHz Enhanced 8052 U/D
   SABC502   40   Siemens 256  64Kx 256   8052+XRAM+8DP+WD+BRG+OWD
   80C528    40   Philips 256  64Kx 256   8052+Wdog, XRAM
   87C528    40   Philips 256  32K  256   8052+Wdog, XRAM
   89CE528   44   Philips 256  32KF 256   Flash 528
   87C524    40   Philips 256  16K  256   16K 87C528
   80C550    40   Philips 128   4K    0   8b A/D WDog
   80CL781   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   LV 8052, More INTs, WDOG
   83CL781   40   Philips 256  16K    0   LV 8052, More INTs, WDOG
   80CL782   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   LV, faster 781
   89S8252  40.44 Atmel   256 10KFE   0   FLASH, 8K+2KEE, WDOG, SPI
   89C55    40.44 Atmel   256 20KF    0   FLASH, Fast,LV 87C52+20K
   89C52    40.44 Atmel   256  8KF    0   FLASH, Fast,LV 87C52
   87C54     40   Intel   256  16K    0   16K 87C52i
   87C58     40   Intel   256  32K    0   32K 87C52i
   87C52     40   Intel   256   8K    0   8052+U/D+OscO+4Li
   80C154    40   Matra   256  64Kx   0   Enhanced 8052 (also OKI)
   83C154D   40   Matra   256  32K    0   Enhanced 8052
   83C154    40   OKI     256  16K    0   Enhanced 8052
   80C654    40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   i2c
   87C652    40   Philips 256   8K    0   i2c
   87C654    40   Philips 256  16K    0   i2c
   83CE654  44qfp Philips 256  16K    0   i2c, low RFI 654
   DS5000    40   Dallas  128  32KR 32K   80x51 Secure+NVsupport,BootLdr
   DS2250   40sim Dallas  128  32K  32K   5000, in SIMM package
   DS5001   80qfp Dallas  128  64Kx 64K   Enhanced DS5000, RPC BatSw
   80C851    40   Philips 128  64Kx   0   8051+256B EEPROM
   83C852     6   Philips 256   6K    0   ALU,2K EEPROM SmartCard,Die
   8052      40   All     256  64Kx   0   8051+Timer2
   8752      40   Intel   256   8K    0   8051+Timer2
   80C52     40   Siemens 256  64Kx   0   8051+Timer2,Philips,Oki,Matra
   88SC54C   8    Atmel   256  64Kx 512   8052+PublicKey,prelim
   80CL410   40   Philips 128  64Kx   0   LV, More INTs i2c-UART
   80CL31    40   Philips 128  64Kx   0   LV, More Ints 80x51
   80CL610   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   LV, More INTs i2c-UART
   83CL411   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   80CL31 with 256 RAM, No T2
   89C51    40.44 Atmel   128   4KF   0   FLASH,Fast,LV 87C51
   8751      40   All     128   4K    0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
   87C51     40   All     128   4K    0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
   8031      40   All     128  64Kx   0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
   8051      40   All     128   4K    0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
   80C31L    40   Matra   128  64Kx   0   LV 80x51
   87C752    28   Philips  64   2KE   0   87751+ A/D, PWM
   87C749    28   Philips  64   2KE   0   87C752 - i2c
   87C751    24   Philips  64   2KE   0   Small size, bit i2c
   87C748    24   Philips  64   2KE   0   87C751 - i2c
   87C750    24   Philips  64   1KE   0   Small size
   89C2051   20   Atmel   128   2KF   0   20Pin 89C51,+AnaComp+LED
   89C1051   20   Atmel    64   1KF   0   20Pin 2051 -uart,timer1


2.6)  Advantages realized in implementing control applications on this
     family of microcontrollers

   Wildly popular - readily available and widely supported, a full range
   of free and commercial support products is available

   Fast and effective - the architecture correlates closely with the
   problem being solved (control systems), specialized instructions mean
   that fewer bytes of code need to be fetched and fewer conditional
   jumps are processed

   Low cost - high level of system integration within one component,
   only a handful of components needed to create a working system

   Wide range -  ONE set of tools covers the greatest horsepower range
   of any microcontroller family, other suppliers handle a number of
   DIFFERENT and INCOMPATIBLE (and often single-sourced) cores to cover
   the same power range as the 80x51, the 8051 provides a real cost
   savings in tools, training, and software support

   Compatibility - opcodes and binaries are the SAME for all 80x51
   variants (unlike most other microcontroller families)

   Multi-sourced - over 12 manufacturers, hundreds of varieties,
   something for everyone with the security of ready availability

   Constant improvements - improvements in silicon/design increase speed
   and power annually, 16 bit models coming from several manufacturers,
   low cost skinny DIP models now available


2.7)  Getting started

   If you are interested in getting started with the 8051, you will need
   to concern yourself with getting the appropriate hardware and
   software to develop your system.

   A good start would be to pick up a couple of books on the subject.
   Two really great books for beginners are "The Microcontroller Idea
   Book" by Jan Axelson (Lakeview Research) and "Programming and
   Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller" by Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh
   Ahluwalia (Addison Wesley).  Both books contain complete plans for
   microcontroller boards/systems if you plan on rolling your own.  The
   Yeralan/Ahluwalia books also contains a diskette with just about all
   of the software that you'll need to get started progamming for the
   8051 (assembler, simulator, etc).  These books also have many circuit
   and code examples and are very useful for the beginner (I'm going to
   need an extra copy of each for reading in the bathroom :-).


   Which software you choose is mostly a matter of personal preference,
   how much time you have to invest, how much money you have to invest,
   and what you want to accomplish.  Serious work can be accomplished
   using much of the free software listed in this FAQ, however in most
   cases technical support is unavailable.  Registering shareware, or
   buying a mainstream commercial package gives you backup and support
   and helps you get going much faster.

   If you are a hobbyist or student, and would like to program in C, I
   would recommend looking at the Dunfield Development System.  I use
   this package and it is a powerful package for only $100.  It includes
   a full suite of development tools including C compiler, assembler,
   linker, and much more.  A hardware-resident simulator/emulator is
   available for an additional $50.  Another C compiler package from
   Micro Computer Control provides similar capabilities for the same
   price.

   A wide range of development options exists for all budgets and
   purposes.  One convenient way to start is the Ceibo/Philips DS-750
   development system, based on the 80c75x (a scaled down 8051 variant).
   The "emulator" board programs the chips (so you won't need an EPROM
   programmer and the debugger has a user interface much like Borland's
   Turbo Debugger.

   The development system that I use is based on the Dallas DS5000.  The
   nice thing about the DS5000 is that you can upload your programs
   directly to the chip (no EPROM needed!).  The Dunfield package
   provides excellent support for this chip, including plans for
   building a "pseudo-ice".  With this setup, all you need to do is
   upload your program, and debug (emulate) on the target hardware.
   This setup is highly recommended.


   One other possibility is the 8052AH-BASIC chip.  With a Basic
   interpreter built in, you have an interactive development system when
   attached to your PC.  Jan Axelson's book gives complete coverage on
   this chip, including plans to build your own system, programming in
   Basic, and interfacing to various peripherals and devices.


   What might be the easiest way to get started, is by buying a complete
   development package. The AES-51 from American Educational Systems is
   a good example. This package comes complete with everything you need
   to get started and do real work. The microcontroller board has just
   about every peripheral you'll ever need built right in (LCD, keypad,
   A/D, D/A, I/O, etc) and comes with a built-in monitor and BASIC. Also
   included is a shelf full of tutorial and reference books and a
   diskette with the required support software for your PC. For less
   than $300, you get a complete and professionally designed and
   packaged educational tool. AES also has two other boards (based on
   the 68hc11 and 8088) which have the same basic appearance and
   functionality.


2.8)  Technical Questions and Answers

   Q:  Why are ports P0 and P2 unavailable for I/O when using external
       memory?

   A:  The output drivers of ports 0 and 2, and the input buffers of
       port 0, are used to access external memory.  Port 0 outputs the
       low byte of the external memory address, time-multiplexed with
       the byte being read/written.  Port 2 outputs the high byte of the
       external memory address when the address is 16 bits wide.
       Otherwise, the port 2 pins continue to emit the P2 SFR contents.
       Therefore, when external memory is being used, ports 0 and 2 are
       unavailable for their primary use as general I/O lines.


   Q:  Is there anything I can do to use these ports for I/O when using
       external memory?

   A1: Not really.

   A2: If you really want to make your life miserable, you can try to
       use P2 for output when it isn't being used for memory access.
       The contents of the SFR latch for port 2 are not modified during
       the execution of a Data Memory fetch cycle on the Expanded Bus.
       If an instruction requiring a cycle on the Expanded Bus is not
       followed by another instruction requiring a cycle on the Expanded
       Bus, then the original contents of the port 2 SFR latch will
       appear during the next machine cycle.  That is, when PSEN, RD and
       WR are all inactive, you can use port 2 for output (check the
       timing charts in the data book).  The chip will emit the contents
       of the P2 SFR at that time.  Do you REALLY want to bother with
       this though?

   A3: By including the external RAM "on-chip", the Dallas DS5000 makes
       these ports available for I/O.  The SLIC E2 from Xicor does the
       same thing for other 8051 parts.

   A4: If you really need the extra I/O ports, there are number of 8051
       variants that have additional ports.  Philips and Siemens are two
       such manufacturers that have these parts in their product lines.


   Q:  I'm outputting a 1 to a pin on port 0, but I'm not getting a 1
       out.  If I use a pin on port 1 instead, it works fine.  What am I
       doing wrong?

   A:  Port 0 has open drain outputs.  Ports 1, 2, and 3 have internal
       pullups.  What does this mean?  See the next question and answer.


   Q:  Port 0 has open drain outputs.  Ports 1, 2, and 3 have internal
       pullups. What does this mean, and why should I care?

   A:  When used as outputs, all port pins will drive the state to which
       the associated SFR latch bit has been set.  Except for port 0,
       which will only drive low (not high).  When a 0 is written to a
       bit in port 0, the pin is pulled low (0).  But, when a 1 is
       written to a bit in port 0, the pin goes into a high impedance
       state - or in other words, "disconnected", no value.  To be able
       to get a 1 as output, you need an external pullup resistor to
       pull up the port (to 1) when the port is in its high impedence
       state.  Typical values for pullups might be 470 ohm to drive a
       LED, and 4.7K or higher to drive logic circuits.

   C:  Any port pin may be used as a general purpose input simply by
       writing a 1 into the associated SFR latch bit.  Since ports 1, 2,
       and 3 have internal pull-up devices they will pull high and will
       source current when pulled low.  When a port 0 bit is programmed
       for input (set to 1) it will go to a high impedance state.


   Q:  Why is such an oddball crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz used so
       often for 8051 designs.

   A1: 11.0592 MHz crystals are often used because it can be divided to
       give you exact clock rates for most of the common baud rates for
       the UART, especially for the higher speeds (9600, 19200).
       Despite the "oddball" value, these crystals are readily available
       and commonly used.

   A2: When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator, the baud rates
       in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and
       the value of SMOD (PCON.7 - double speed baud rates) as follows:

                           smod
                          2
          Baud rate =   ------   x (Timer 1 overflow rate)
                          32

       Most typically, the timer is configured in the auto-reload mode
       (mode 2, high nibble of TMOD = 0100B).  In this case, the baud
       rate is given as:

                           smod
                          2        Oscillator frequency
          Baud rate =   -------  x --------------------
                          32         12 x (256 - TH1)

       Some typical baud rates for an 11.0592 crystal:

          Baud rate  SMOD   TH1
          ---------------------
            19200      1   0FDH
             9600      0   0FDH
             4800      0   0FAH
             2400      0   0F4H
             1200      0   0E8H
              300      0   0A0H

       Another way to look at it, would be to rework the formula to give
       us the crystal frequency that we need for the desired baud rate:

                                                       smod
       Minimum crystal frequency =  Baud rate x 384 / 2

       This gives us the minimum crystal frequency possible for the
       desired baud rate.  The frequency can be evenly multiplied to
       obtain higher clock speeds.

       As an example, the minimum crystal frequency for 19.2K baud is:
             3.6864 = 19200 x 384 / 2 (smod is 1 for 19.2K baud)

             11.0592 = 3.6864 x 3


       To determine the timer reload value needed, the formula can be
       changed to factor in the multiplier:
                                                            smod
       Crystal frequency = Baud rate x (256 - TH1) x 384 / 2


       From the example above, the multiplier (3) is used to determine
       TH1:
             TH1 = 256 - 3 = 253 = 0FDH

       The crystal frequency for 19.2K baud is:
             11.0592 = 19200 x (256 - 0FDH) x 384 / 2
                     (smod is 1 for 19.2K baud)


       Other values can also give good results, but 11.0592 is one of
       the higher speed crystals that allows high baud rates.

   A:  Well, you wanta talk about oddball values?  Another good crystal
       value is 7.3728 MHz and its multiples. Using counter1 this gives
       an even 38.4 kbps rate exactly, which is not possible with
       11.0952 MHz Xtal. <Thanks to Eero-Pekka Mand>


   Q:  How do I decrement the data pointer (DPTR)?  Where did the DEC
       DPTR instruction go?

   A1: You can't decrement DPTR.  Although there is an INC DPTR
       instruction, there is no DEC DPTR.  In fact, there is no other
       way to change the contents of DPTR except for MOV and INC.

   A2: You can use the accumulator as an offset if you need to perform
       "calculations" on the DPTR.  As an example:
             MOV   DPTR,#9000         ; load base address into DPTR
             MOV   A,#10              ; load desired offset
             MOVC  A,@A+DPTR          ; retrieve desired data

   A3: Another method would be to use indirect addressing.  Instructions
       such as MOVX A,@Ri can address a 256 byte "page" of external RAM.
       The value represented by @Ri (@R0 or @R1) is emitted to Port 0,
       which is the low byte of the external RAM address bus.  In
       addition, the contents of the P2 register is emitted to Port 2,
       which is the high byte of the external memory address bus.  The
       indirect addressing register together with the P2 register, which
       specifies the "current page number", gives us a 16 bit pointer
       into the external memory address space.

       This technique can make moving data in external memory much
       faster than reloading DPTR every time.  The indirect addressing
       register can be manipulated much easier than DPTR which can only
       be loaded and incremented.  Just remember to make sure that P2
       contains the proper value for the high byte of the address.

   A4: Inside the BASIC interpreter source code, and published in its
       manual, is a short and efficient subroutine to decrement data
       pointer, only 6 statements:
           XCH A,DPL ; JNZ $+4 ; DEC DPH ; DEC A ; XCH A,DPL ; RET
       Only DPTR is affected, not A or any flags!
       <Thanks to Eero-Pekka Mand>


   Q:  I'm trying to PUSH and POP the accumulator, but my assembler
       complains about the instruction  PUSH  A.  What's wrong with
       this?

   A:  In instructions that are accumulator specific, A is used to
       represent the accumulator.  However, PUSH and POP have no
       accumulator specific forms, only direct addressing forms.
       Therefore, you need to specify the correct accumulator "address"
       - ACC.  Use the instruction PUSH ACC.


   Q:  The 8052 AH-BASIC interpreter seems to work OK when I perform
       simple interpreted commands.  For example:
            READY
            > PRINT "HELLO"
            HELLO
       However, when I try to enter a [numbered] statement, I get an
       error:
            READY
            > 10 PRINT "HELLO"
            INVALID LINE NUMBER..!!
       I get the same error when I try LIST.  No matter what value I set
       a variable to, it returns a 0.  What's my problem?

   A1: Faulty memory decoding or addressing is the most common cause for
       this error message.  This happens when RD/WR is affecting two (or
       more) active memory chips. So, decode each CS very carefully!

   A2: Your address decoding might also indicate that there is more
       memory than really exists.  Go over your circuit design and
       inspect your wiring carefully.


   Q:  Can I use C for time critical code?

   A:  The code produced by many of the excellent compilers today, is
       remarkably efficient - for both speed and size.  Modern compilers
       are quite adept at keeping track of register and variable usage.
       Further optimization techiniques result in code that can be as
       good or better than hand written assembler.  Even for ISRs
       (interrupt service routines), C should be acceptable for all but
       the most time critical routines.

       Makes you think twice about breaking your head over assembly
       code.


   Q:  The Intel MCS-51 assembly language defines alternate symbols AR0
       ... AR7 for registers R0 ... R7.  What is this good for? (Thanks
       to Wolfgang Heinz who submitted this Q & A)

   A:  Some 8051 instructions do not support all possible addressing
       modes.  For example, the PUSH and POP instructions are only
       available with direct addressing. Since the registers R0 ... R7
       are mapped into the internal memory, they must also have a DATA
       (= direct) address.  The special assembler symbols AR0 ... AR7
       are simply the absolute DATA addresses of registers R0 ... R7.
       Although there is no instruction PUSH R5 with true register
       addressing, you can do it with PUSH AR5 (= direct addressing)!

   Q:  Usually the 8051 register banks are switched with the RS0 and RS1
       bits in the status register PSW at runtime.  But how is it
       possible to switch the banks at assembly time with the USING
       instruction, implemented in so many 8051 assemblers?
       (Thanks to Wolfgang Heinz who submitted this Q & A)

   A:  Not at all!  This must ALWAYS be done with bits RS0 and RS1 at
       runtime.  The USING instruction switches only the absolute DATA
       addresses of the special assembler symbols AR0 ... AR7 according
       to the selected bank number.  With most assemblers that implement
       relocatable segments and object modules, the linker is forced to
       reserve space for the corresponding register bank in the internal
       memory.


   Q:  The Intel 8x151/8x251 won't "drop-in" for an 8051. What gives?
       (Thanks to Dave Baldwin of The Computer Journal for this one)

   A:  You need to use a programmer to set a couple bits to the correct
       state.  This info is hidden away in an app note available from
       their fax-back service.




3)  SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE 8051


3.1)  FTP sites

   The following is a list of the various anonymous ftp sites that have
   8051 source code and programming languages.  There are many others
   that  are not listed here that contains bits and pieces.  Usually you
   can find them using Archie and searching for "8051", "AS31", "ASM51",
   "MCS-51", "MCS51", and stuff like that.

   ftp.pppl.gov (formerly lyman.pppl.gov)
       - this is a great source of 8051 stuff
       /pub/8051
       /pub/incoming - check this out for new untested/unsorted items

   ftp.funet.fi (nic.funet.fi)
       - this is a great one, too
       /pub/compilers/8051
       /pub/microprocs/MCS-51   <mirror of ftp.pppl.gov>
       other subdirectories in /pub/microprocs include:
         1802, 6805, 6811, 8048, 8096 and many other microprocessors

   ftp.intel.com
       - this ftp site is pretty good now, and getting better all the
         time!
       - send comments to:  [email protected]
       /pub/mcs51
       /pub/mcs51/tools - contains various development tools

   ftp.InetBSystems.us.com
       - lots of good stuff here!
       /pub/Philips-MCU/bbs
       - contains the following directories:
           .../assemblers - assemblers, disassemblers, and simulators
           .../basic - Basic utilities and interpreters
           .../forth - Forth programming tools
           .../debuggers - monitors and debuggers
           .../utilities - miscellaneous information and utilities
           .../examples - code examples
           .../unsorted - new [unsorted] files
           .../xa - files on the new XA "16 bit 8051"
       /pub/Philips-MCU/archive - email archive

   nctuccca.edu.tw
       - mirror of ftp.intel.com
       - /vendors/Intel

   ftp.zilker.net
       - /pub/philips
       - Philips "mini ftp site" set up by Phil Wood of Philips
       - lots of 8051 code and programming tools from their BBS

   ftp.mcc.ac.uk
       - this is a new 8051 ftp site
       - soon to be improved

   ftp.bsl.unsw.edu.au
       - new 8051 ftp site
       - accepting uploads

   [email protected] - Email (not ftp)
       - send Email to get information file on services available
       - all Circuit Cellar INK and BYTE related files available

   ftp.ee.ualberta.ca
       /pub/cookbook/digital
       - circuits of all types
       - prog51.zip is a programmer for the ATMEL 89C51 flash part
         by Werner Terreblanche

   ftp.luth.se
       /pub/languages/assembler

   asterix.inescn.pt - FORTH archive
       /pub/forth/8051

   hpcsos.col.hp.com
       /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051 (mirror of asterix Forth archive)
       /misc/ns32k/beowulf/a-8051
       /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/eForth

   ftp.armory.com (Steve Walz)
       /pub/user/rstevew/8051
       /pub/user/rstevew/TB8051
       /pub/user/rstevew/incoming

   ftp.oak.oakland.edu
       - has information and software for a wide range of
         microprocessors and microcontrollers, you may have to look
         around a bit

   130.123.96.9
       giovanni/51forth.zip

   ai.uga.edu
       /pub/hardware
       - stuff on the Philips 87C750/1/2 microcontrollers
       - assembler, an update for the software in the DS-750 kit,
         notebook of some early experiences and code
       - responses welcome, Michael A. Covington ([email protected])

   ftp.hte.com
       - HiTech Equipment Corporation's ftp site
       - information about their products including some sample code,
         a free 8051 simulator, and various things from around the net
         that relate to the 8051 family

   csd4.csd.uwm.edu - no longer supports 8051, don't even try


3.2)  Web pages

   8051 board level products
       - http://bailey2.unibase.com/local/beck04.html

   8051 Microcontrollers
       - http://www.cit.ac.nz/smac/cbt/hwsys/i8051/default.htm

   AM Research Web Site
       - http://www.amresearch.com/
       - Forth development systems and boards.

   Automation and Process Control (Olaf Pfeiffer)
       - http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/automation/home.html
       - http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/automation/FAQ

   Archimedes Software
       - http://www.archimedes.com/devtools

   Brian Brown's 8051 web page
       - http://www.cit.ac.nz/smac/cbt/hwsys/i8051/default.htm
       - contains Brian Brown's 8051 course
       - lots of other good stuff

   Cera/EG3 Electronic Engineers' Toolbox (home page)
       - http://www.eg3.com/ebox.htm
       - http://www.cera2.com/ebox.htm
   Cera/EG3 MCU/MPU resources
       - http://www.cera2.com/micro.htm
   Cera/EG3 Navi-GATOR (embedded development tools and chip-specific)
       - http://www.cera2.com/gator.htm

   Chip Directory and Chip Manufacturers (Jaap van Ganswijk)
       - http://www.hitex.com/chipdir           (USA, California)
       - http://www.civil.mtu.edu/chipdir       (USA, Michigan)
       - http://www.leg.ufrj.br/chipdir         (Brasil)
       - http://www.xs4all.nl/~ganswijk/chipdir (The Netherlands)
       - http://bbs.cc.uniud.it/chipdir         (Italy)

   Chipmaker web page
       - http://www.scruznet.com/~gcreager/hello5.htm
       - contains over 200 URLs of chipmakers

   Chris Burkey's (KB8ZLI) web page
       - plans for a cheap (about $10) and simple (4 chips) ROM emulator
       - ftp://ieee.cas.uc.edu/pub/electronics/software/burkey/

   Circuit Cellar Ink
       - http://www.circellar.com

   Dallas Semiconductor
       - http://www.dalsemi.com

   Gernsback Web page (Electronics Now, Popular Electronics)
       - http://www.gernsback.com
       - current issue information, recent article related files, FTP
         site, subscription information

   Emulation Technology
       - http://www.emulation.com

   FIG (Forth Interest Group) web site
       - http://www.forth.org/fig.html
       - http://www.forth.org/Forth/FAQ

   Forth, Inc.
       - http://www.earthlink.net/~forth
       - follow the links to chipFORTH, then to 8051

   French Forth web site
       - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mp7
         maintained by Marc Petremann:
            17, allee de la Noiseraie
            F - 93160 NOISY LE GRAND
            Email: [email protected]
       - http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/bioforth
         maintained by Gerard SOULA

   Gregory Pugh's homepage
       - http://sleepy.anest.ufl.edu/~glp/8051.html

   Hi-Tech Software
       - http://www.hitech.com.au
       - demo C compiler available (limits - 1K size, no library source)

   Intel MCS(R) 51 Microcontroller Family
       - http://www.intel.com/embedded/051/index.html
       - http://www.intel.com/design/usb/ (information on USB)

   S. Joel Katz's web page
       - http://www.panix.com/stimpson/micro.html
       - information about 8051 and related microcontrollers
       - not much information yet, but it is increasing rapidly

   Ken Tindell's CAN web pag
       - http://www.nrtt.demon.co.uk/can.html
       - Source code to drive the Intel 82527 CAN controller is
         available: just send e-mail to [email protected], with
         "Request Intel 82527 drivers" (without the quotes) in the
         subject line.

   Lakeview Research (Jan Axelson)
       - http://www.lvr.com/
       - microcontroller page (resources for 8052-Basic projects):
         http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm

   Mike Miller's 8051 Home Page
       - http://www.ece.orst.edu/serv/8051/
       - pointers to other 8051 pages
       - contains html copy of this FAQ

   Nohau Elektronik AB
       - http://www.nohau.com/nohau

   Packet Radio web page
       - http://www.tu-bs.de/studenten/akafunk/pr8051
       - Contains some schematics and code to do packet radio (AX.25)
         experiments with different types of MCS51 controllers. Packet
         radio is used by ham radio amateurs to exchange data. There is
         an almost worldwide net of PR stations.
       - The programs were written by August Gihr and they are only
         available on the packet radio net or this web page.

   Paul's 8051 Tools, Projects and Free Code
       - http://www.ece.orst.edu/~paul/8051-goodies/goodies-index.html
       - page contents: AS31 Assembler
                        PAULMON 8051 Family Monitor/Debugger
                        Low-Cost 8051 Development Board Designs
                        8051 Code Library
                        Atmel 89C2051 in-circuit programmer

   Philips
       - http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/ps/philips17.html

   The Polis research project web page
   - http://www-cad.eecs.berkeley.edu/Respep/Research/hsc/abstract.html

   Pseudocorp
       - http://www.teleport.com/~rhowden
       - New Site - products and pricing

   Richard Grant's 8051 Based Vario
       - http://cougar.stanford.edu:7878/RGvario/vario.html
       - Hang-Gliding/Paragliding WWW server. The application is an
         8751 based variometer (used by pilots to indicate the rate of
         ascent or descent). It includes schematics and assembly
         language source.

   Silicon Studio's web site
       - http://sistudio.com
       - plans for a simple, REALLY simple (2 transistors and 5
         resistors), 2051 programmer, called the BlowIT 2051

   Standard Microsystems Corporation
       - http://www.smc.com

   Steve Merrifield's 8051 home page
       - http://www.ee.latrobe.edu.au/postgrad/steve/8051.html

   Systronix web site
       - http://www.systronix.com

   Thomas Wedemeyer's SAB80C535 web page
       - http://www.zfn.uni-bremen.de/~g16i/
       - SAB80C535 based board design
       - English and German

   USB web page
       - http://www.usb.org/

   Xicor's web page
       - http://www.xicor.com/
       - 8051 code - http://www.xicor.com/xicor/menulink/link42.htm
       - 8051 microperipherals -
         http://www.xicor.com/xicor/menulink/link6.htm


3.3)  Mailing lists

   [email protected] - Email (not ftp)
       - send Email with "subscribe" in the subject field to be put
         on list for newsletter
   [email protected] - Email (not ftp)
       - send Email message with the word "help" in the subject line to
         learn how to access the archive
   [email protected]  - Email (not ftp)
       - send an Email message with the word "subscribe" in the subject
         line to participate in the forum, and receive usage
         instructions and guidelines
   [email protected] - Email (not ftp)
       - send Email message to get information on all of Philips Email
         services


3.4)  BBSs

   The following BBSs have 8051 information:

   Blue Earth Research
       - support for their line of microcontroller boards
       - (507)387-4007

   Circuit Cellar, Inc.
       - contains code from their magazine articles and from the
         original Circuit Cellar articles in Byte magazine, also
         contains many other interesting items
       - GOOD STUFF HERE!
       - The BBS is mentioned in the masthead of each issue (on the
         table of contents page).  Excerpts from the BBS appear in Ken
         Davidson's ConnecTime column in every issue with a description
         of how to access the system at the end of every column.
       - (203)871-1988
       - Voice: (203)875-2751
       - Fax: (203)872-2204

   The Computer Journal - TCJ/DIBs BBS
       - 8051 code and assembler(s), lots of sample code
       - Forth section also with Camel51
       - 916-722-5799

   Dallas Semiconductor
       - Support for their line of innovative products

   Dunfield Development Systems
       - support for their Micro-C compiler and development tools
       - includes a lot of nice goodies - CHECK THIS OUT!
       - (613) 256-6289

   Electronics Now
       - contains code from their magazine articles
       - (516)293-2283
       - 1200/2400, 8N1

   Intel American Marketing Applications Support Bulletin Board System
       - 16 lines, hi-speed modems (14.4K)
       - Lots of useful info and files (including design examples)!
       - Full ANSI-BBS with color is recommended, but support for just
         about all terminal types is provided
       - (916)356-3600 (24 hours)
         Auto config: 1200 thru 14.4K Baud
         8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop

   Hi-Tech Software
       - +61 7 3300 5235 (Australia)

   Iota Systems, Inc.
       - Support for their line of hardware and software products
       - 15 application notes which show how to hook up such things as
         clocks, A/D, D/A, and special chips to the 8051
       - (702)831-4732

   Jens Holm's electronics BBS:
       - one of a number of BBSs that are networked over most of the
         industrial part of Europe
       - +45-86-510356 (Denmark)
       - distributes all shareware and freeware software which
         relates to electronics
       - system administrator - Jens Holm
         [email protected] or [email protected]

   Massilia Underground BBS (Marseille, France)
       - +33-91794120
       - fidonet 2:323/25
       - not a commercial BBS
       - microcontroller related stuff (assemblers, debuggers,
         boards, etc), some 8051 stuff
       - everything coming in is tested

   Micro Computer Control Corporation
       - (609)466-4117

   Philips Semiconductor - Europe
       - support for: standard logic, programmable logic,
         in-car electronics (now open), 8 and 16 bit microcontrollers,
         I2C software, third party software, discrete semiconductors,
         cross assemblers (general), RF (planned)
       - PHIBBS is located in the Netherlands: +31-40-721102
       - maximum 21600 baud / V42bis / HST/Vterbo
       - 24 hours a day available
       - Help desk: +31-40-722749  (9.00 AM - 16.00 PM CET)

   Philips Semiconductor - North America
       - support for their 8051 variants
       - contains many good source code items
       - partially mirrored on ftp.pppl.gov and nic.funet.fi
       - (800)451-6644 or (408)991-2406

   PseudoCorp
       - support for their line of simulators and assemblers
       - (804)873-4838

   Realtime Control & Forth Board (RCFB)
       - Forth and assembly for the 8051
       - 300 through 14.4 baud
       - (303)278-0364 (24 hours)

   Systronix Inc.
       - support for their line of development tools
       - (801)487-2778


3.5)  Help available!

   Listed here are individuals who have expressed interest in helping
   others with hardware and software problems for 8051 systems.

   Does any one else out there think that they can help?  Just let me
   know what your areas of specialization are and I'll add your name to
   the list.  Thanks!

   Dick Barnett <[email protected]>
          voice: 765-494-7497
          snail: Richard H. Barnett, PE, Ph.D.
                 Professor of Electrical Engineering Technology
                 Purdue University
                 1415 Knoy Hall of Technology
                 West Lafayette, IN 47907-1415
      Specializes in 8051 (core processors), 80C552, and 87C751
      applications.

   Mark Hopkins <[email protected]>
      Mark is the author of the CAS assembler and of the 8051.ZIP
      programs.  He's now working on JOLT, a code generator with a
      C-like syntax.  His areas of specialization include:
      multitasking, interrupts, basic stuff (like addressing, memory
      spaces), the 8052 BASIC chip, interfacing the chip with external
      inputs and outputs

   Hans Schou <[email protected]>
      Hans is offering his assistance to users of the Standard
      Microsystems Corp. COM20051.  He's not an expert, but he has some
      experience with it.

   Neville Miles <[email protected] or [email protected]>
      Applications and programming the Intel 8051.  He's also using
      Atmel parts if you need help with these.

   Steve <[email protected]>
      Steve has designed hardware and written software for the Atmel
      AT89C1051, Intel 87C52, and Philips 87C751, and has also built a
      programmer for the Atmel AT89C1051. He knows both hardware and
      software.


4)  8051 PRODUCTS

   This section includes descriptions and references to free and
   commercial software for the 8051.  FTP sites and BBSs contain many
   quality packages and code samples for free.  For heavy duty use, you
   might prefer the many commercial packages that are available.  With
   the public domain (or free) stuff, you're usually on your own.  The
   commercial packages usually provide extensive documentation and
   support.


4.1)  Free languages and development tools

   The following is a list of the languages and development tools that I
   could find on the net.  Nearly all of them include source code,
   however not all are public domain.

   Assembler

     Program: asem5112.zip
     Description: 8051 cross assembler for MS-DOS, freeware
     Author: W.W. Heinz
     Location: ftp.ix.de : /pub/elrad/023
               oak.oakland.edu : /SimTel/msdos/crossasm
               garbo.uwasa.fi : /pc/assembler

     Program: ML-ASM51.ZIP
     Description: MetaLink's 8051 family macro assembler
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                http://www.psyber.com/~tcj/tcjtools/ml-asm51.zip

     Program: A51.ZIP
     Description: PseudoSam 8051 Cross Assembler
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs

     Program: AS31.ZIP
     Description:  C source for an 8051 assembler, and a simple monitor
     Author:  Ken Stauffer
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                ftp.uu.net
                oak.oakland.edu : /pub/msdos/crossasm/as31.zip
                many other locations (use Archie to find)

     Program: CUG292WK.ZIP
     Description:  C source for a cross assembler, includes 8051
     Author:  Alan R. Baldwin
     Location:  oak.oakland.edu : /pub/msdos/crossasm
                pc.usl.edu : /pub/msdos/systools
                many other locations (use Archie to find)

     Program: Frankenstein
     Description:  C source for a cross assembler, includes 8051
     Author:  Mark Zenier
     Location:  ftp.njit.edu : /pub/msdos/frankasm/FRANKASM.ZOO
                lth.se : /pub/netnews/alt.sources/volume90/dec
                ftp.uni-kl.de : /pub1/unix/languages/frankenstein.tar.Z
                many other locations (use Archie to find)

     Program:  CAS 8051 assembler
     Description:  Experimental one-pass assembler for the 8051
                   with C-like syntax.  Includes assembler, linker
                   and disassembler.
     Author:  Mark Hopkins
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/assem
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/csd4-archive/assem

     Program:  a51
     Description:  Portable cross assembler (source in C), other
                   processors available
     Author:  William C. Colley, III
     Location:  hpcsos.col.hp.com : /misc/ns32k/beowulf/a-8051

     Program:  TASM
     Description:  Table driven cross-assembler for DOS, supports
                   many different microcontrollers and microprocessors
     Author:  Speech Technology Inc.
     Location:  various different places

     Program: HASM, HSIM
     Description: A configurable Makroassembler/Simulator
     Comment:  Only for private, educational, and evaluation use
               Only available in German
     Author: Dipl.- Ing. H.P. Hohe
     Location: ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.zip
               ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.txt
                 and mirrors of ftp.ix.de

     Program:  as
     Description:  Portable cross assembler for (8051, TMS, PIC,
                   DSP5600, 68hc11).
     Comments:     Original version in German only. Turbo Pascal source
                   available for free. Unix version comes in source
                   form and is compilable in German or English.
     Author:  Alfred Arnold
     Location: ftp.uni-stuttgart.de : /pub/systems/msdos/programming/as
                 (original version in Turbo Pascal)
               sunsite.unc.edu:
                    /pub/Linux/devel/lang/assemblers/asl-1.41r5.tar.gz
                 (new C version for Unix systems)


   Basic

     Program:  BASIC52.ZIP (BASIC-52.ZIP)
     Description:  Source files for original BASIC 52 interpreter
     Author:  Intel Corporation, Embedded Controller Operations
     Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51
                ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs

     Program:  BAS051.ZIP
     Description:  Converts IBM BASIC to 8051 assembly (compiler)
     Author:  Winefred Washington
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs

     Program:  BASIC31.ZIP
     Description:  BASIC-52 interpreter for 8031/8051 in external EPROM
     Author:  Intel w/ changes by Dan Karmann
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs

     Program:  TB-51.ZIP
     Description:  TinyBASIC for 8031
     Author:  JHW (from Intel InSite library) w/ fixes by Tom Schotland
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs

     Program:  TB51ML23.ZIP
     Description:  MetaLink ASM compatible tiny BASIC
     Author:  adapted for MetaLink assembler by Jim Lum
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs


   Forth

     Program:  EFORTH51.ZIP
     Description:  eFORTH environment for the 8051
     Author:  C. H. Ting
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
                hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/eForth

     Program:  FORTH51.ZIP (FORTH86.ZIP used as host)
     Description:  FORTH development system for 8051 with PC host
     Author:  William H. Payne, the author of "Embedded Controller
              Forth for the 8051 Family"
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
                hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051

     Program:  XD8051.ZIP
     Description:  Development environment for use with F-PC Forth
     Author:  Paulo A.D. Ferreira
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs

     Program:  51FORTH.ZIP
     Description:  Subroutine threaded Forth
     Author:  Scott Gehmlich
     Location:  hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051
                130.123.96.9 : /giovanni/51forth.zip

     Program:  FORTH552.ZIP
     Description:  A Non-Standard Forth System for the Signetics 80C552
     Author:  Alberto Pasquale
     Location:  asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
                hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051

     Program:  CamelForth/51
     Description:  ANSI Standard Forth for the 8051 family
     Author:  Brad Rodriquez
                 email: [email protected]
                 amateur packet radio: VE3RHJ@VE3IJD.#CON.ON.CAN.NA
     Location: ftp://ftp.taygeta.com/pub/Forth/Camel/cam51-13.zip

     Program:  8051 eForth
     Description:  Public Domain optimized eForth for 8051 and 68HC11,
                   written in native UCASM assemblers.
     Comments:  Most of the documentation is in German.  Supplied with
                EFTERM terminal emulator.
     Author:  W. Schemmer
     Location:  Available for $25 from:
                Offete Enterprises, 1306 South B Street
                San Mateo CA 94402
                (415)574-8250


   Development systems

     Program:  8051.zip
     Description:  Many development tools including: debugger, monitor,
                   LCD and stepper moter driver, communications, host
                   client, and much more.  This is a great collection of
                   tools.
     Author:  Mark Hopkins
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/csd4-archive

     Program:  RISM and IECM51.EXE compatible host system
     Description:  RISM is a reduced instruction set monitor and
                   IECM51.EXE is its compatible host system for a PC
     Comments:  These two programs together constitute a bare-bones
                method of developing 80C51 system code without an
                emulator.  RISM51X is installed in the target system
                and connected to a host PC system through a serial port.
                The host PC runs the debugger IECM51.EXE.  Once the
                system has been debugged, RISM can be removed and the
                target can be run in stand-alone mode.
     Author:  Intel
     Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51/tools

     Program:  ApBUILDER 2.0
     Description:  Development system for the Intel MCS-51(R) family
                   (also for the MCS-96(R) family, 80x186, and 80x386
                   embedded microcontrollers).
     Comments:  Requires Windows 3.1
                APBUILDR.TXT - description in ASCII
                APBDISK1.EXE - binary self-extracting file for disk 1
                APBDISK2.EXE - binary self-extracting file for disk 2
     Author:  Intel
     Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51 and /pub/mcs96

     Program:  FXDSMAN.EXE
     Description:  8xC51Fx data sheets and manual in Windows 3.1
                   hypertext style
     Comments:  binary self-extracting file for one diskette
     Author:  Intel
     Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51/80c51

     Program: sim51d
     Description:  Shareware Simulator in German
                   DM 50 to register for full version
     Author:  Werner Hennig-Roleff
     Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/hannover

     Program: PDS51.ZIP or EXE or
              PDSxxx.ZIP where xxx represents the version number
     Description: This is the IDE for the Philips PDS51 system. It
                  contains a simulation engine and can therefore be run
                  in a standalone mode. Great for evaluating the PDS51
                  product or just as a full environment simulator.
     Location: Philips North America BBS (800)451-6644, (408)991-2406
               http://www.he.net/~adr
               CompuServe:
                  Software Development Forum, Embedded Systems Section
                    (GO CLMFOR)
                  PC Programming Forum, Tools/Debuggers forum
                    (GO PCPROG)

     Program: NoICE
     Description:  PC-hosted debugger (NOT a simulator) for use with a
                   variety of microprocessor targets (Z80/Z180, Z8,
                   8051, 80(1)96, 6809, 68HC11, 65(C)02, M50740/M38000,
                   TMS370, and H8/300). The debugger consists of a
                   target-specific DOS program, NOICExxx.EXE, and a
                   target-resident monitor program (about 1K code).
     Comments:  Shareware.  The distributed version is fully functional.
                Registration is $25 in the US, $30 elsewhere.
     Author:  John Hartman <[email protected]>
     Location: any Simtel archive/mirror
                   or
               CompuServe:
                  GO SDFORUM, library section 12, embedded systems
                  GO IBMFF, do keyword search for "NoICE"
                   or
               The Circuit Cellar BBS at 860-871-1988

     Program: sim552vq.zip
     Description:  8051/80C552 simulator (Freeware)
     Comments:  Program is capable of reading .HEX and .S19 records, or
                saving memory to a file.  It supports both code and
                data.  Written in Turbo Pascal for XT and upwards.
     Author:  Brian Brown
     Location:  cscnt.cit.ac.nz : /pub/intel/sim552v1.zip

     Program: HASM, HSIM
     Description: A configurable Makroassembler/Simulator
     Comments: Only available in German
     Author: Dipl.- Ing. H.P. Hohe
     Copyright: Only private , Education and evalutation use
     Location: ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.zip
               ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.txt
                 and mirrors of ftp.ix.de

     Program: Emily52
     Description:  simulator
     Comments:  Shareware.
     Author:  Dunfield Development Systems
     Location: any Simtel archive/mirror

     Program: BlowIT
     Description:  Atmel 2051 programer
     Comments:  Freeware
     Author:  Silicon Studio
     Location: http://sistudio.com/


   Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)

     Program:  TERSE
     Description:  - Signature-Scheduled dataflow operating system
                   (RTOS) developed for embedded single-processor and
                   distributed microcontroller systems.  Easy to use,
                   very compact, and encourages totally deterministic
                   and safe performance.
                   - The first implementation is for the 8051 family,
                   and occupies from 260 to 450 bytes, the latter
                   offering network support.
                   - public domain
     Comments:  Also available is a new type of "terse-Case" development
                methodology, particularly suited to embedded distributed
                systems.
     Author: Barry Kauler
             Department of C & C Engineering
             Edith Cowan University, Joondalup Drive
             Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
             Email: [email protected]
     Location:  WWW - ftp://scorpion.cowan.edu.au/pub/terse/terse.htm


4.2)  Free C compilers

   There is finally a free C compiler for the 8051.  The Retargetable
   Concurrent Small C (RCSC) compiler is featured in an article in the
   August 1997 Dr. Dobbs. RCSC is downloadable from Dr. Dobb's at:
       http://www.ddj.com
       ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/ddj

   Several commercial C compilers have evaluation versions available.
   These are not too useful (even for hobbyist projects) since they
   usually don't include libraries.  However, they do afford the user
   the chance to inspect the quality of the code generated.

   In most cases, it makes more sense to invest a bit, and get something
   serious.  Also, by buying a commercial package, you have the
   advantage of having the documentation, and being able to get
   technical support.  As Hershel Roberson says about the Dunfield
   package, "It is certainly worth the money. It is probably 3/4 as good
   as compilers that cost 10 times as much!"

   There are three low-cost C compilers currently available for 8051
   development:

   Dunfield Development Systems

   I've been using the Dunfield Development System, and its really quite
   nice.  I've also heard many good things about it from others.  For
   $100 you get a near ANSI-C compiler, run-time library with source,
   assembler, ROM debugger, integrated development environment, monitor
   with source, utilities, and other extras.  A high quality simulator
   for only $50 is also available separately.  The simulator has an
   option allowing you to interface to your target by using an on-chip
   monitor.  Although not freeware, the low price, the features, all of
   the extra goodies, and the good reviews make this a package worth
   looking at.  Also, if you're interested in working on more than one
   family of microcontroller, Dunfield supports a wide range.  This
   means only needing to learn one system, instead of many.

         Dunfield Development Systems
         P.O. Box 31044, Nepean, Ontario Canada   K2B 8S8
         (613)256-5820   Fax: (613)256-5821
         BBS: (613)256-6289
         Web:   http://www.dunfield.com
         Email: General information:      [email protected]
         Sales inquiries/Administration: [email protected]
         Technical inquiries/Support      [email protected]

   Micro Computer Control Corporation

   Another low priced ($100) C compiler comes from Micro Computer
   Control.  This package was unavailable for review, but according to
   the manufacturer, it features:  Cross compilers running under DOS are
   available for the 8051 and the Z8 (including Super-8).  This package
   includes a C compiler, assembler, linker, librarian, and extensive
   printed documentation.  A simulator/source code debugger is available
   for an additional $79.95.  The simulator is completely configurable,
   so much so that you don't even need the target hardware to test with.
   You can configure all I/O and other features of your target chip or
   environment.

         Micro Computer Control Corporation
         PO Box 275, 17 Model Ave., Hopewell, NJ  08525
         (609)466-1751   Fax: (609)466-4116   BBS: (609)466-4117
         Email: [email protected]

   SPJ Systems

   C-31 is a new cross compiler from SPJ Systems.  The full package
   which costs $150 (USD) includes a C compiler (ANSI compatible
   subset), assembler, source linker, and simulator (source code
   debugger).  Compiler features include: support for floating point
   numbers, extensive collection of library routines, support for using
   Special Function Registers (SFR), assembly language interface,
   peripheral keyword (allows specifying an address of a standard
   peripheral).

   The simulator allows source level debugging.  A few memory mapped
   hardware peripherals are simulated including an LCD display, 8279
   keyboard processor, and an 8255 parallel port.  (SPJ also has a plain
   simulator available as a separate product for assembly/machine code
   debugging.)

   A working demo of the compiler package, which includes the library
   sources and permits the compilation of small programs, is available
   from their web site.  This is a new package with a few rough edges,
   but it easy to use, has a decent price, and has good potential.
   Check out the demo on their web site and see for yourselves.

         SPJ Systems
         114, Chitrashala Bldg.
         562, Sadashiv Peth
         Pune, India
         Phone: 91-212-451607   Fax: 91-212-480285
         Email: [email protected]
         Web:   http://www.prime-digest.w1.com/spj


4.3)  Commercially available products

   Many firms (large and small) offer a variety of 8051 microcontroller
   variants, programming languages, support packages, and development
   systems.

   No endorsement is implied by inclusion in this list.  I apologize to
   anyone I left out;  It's only because I didn't know about you.  If
   you want to be included in this list, just drop me a line - please.
   Any corrections and additions appreciated.

   C compilers ($$$ - high, $$ - medium, $ - low priced)
       - 2500 A.D.
       - Archimedes Software  $$$ & $$
            same as Keil Electronics C
            Archimedes is introducing StartRight, a low cost 8051 C
               compiler for $700
       - Avocet Systems  $$
            repackaging of the Hi-Tech Software C compiler
       - BSO/Tasking  $$
       - Crossware Products
       - Dunfield Development Systems  $
            Complete C compiler development system for MS-DOS
            includes: compiler, run-time library with source, assembler,
               ROM debugger, integrated development environment, monitor
               with source, utilities, and other extras
            low price:  $100
            good reputation and good support
            works well with the Dallas DS5000/DS2250
       - Franklin Software  $$ ? (new prices)
            now marketing their own C compiler
            includes: PC-Lint and an IDE
       - IAR Systems
            IAR tool kit comes with a C-Cross compiler, assembler,
               Xlink linker, Xlib librarian, C-SPY simulator, editor,
               make utility and a real-time kernel
            formerly licensed for distribution in the US and Canada
               under the Archimedes brand name
       - Hi-Tech Software  $$
            assembler, C compiler, linker, library, serial port
               debugger, and Windows style integrated development
               environment
            ANSI C and IEEE 32 float compatable with some very useful
               extensions
            $900US
       - Intermetrics Microsystems Software, Inc.
            Whitesmith's compiler, assembler, and C source level
            debugger
       - Keil Electronics  $$$
            compiler, assembler, debugger, real-time kernel, ROM
               monitor, libraries for special 8051's to set SFR,
               embedded I/O devices, A/D, etc.
       - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
            SYS51C - ANSI C Cross Compiler
       - Micro Computer Control  $
            Developer's kit includes "C"-like compiler, assembler,
               linker, librarian, extensive printed documentation
            low cost ($99.95)
       - Okapi Systems
       - Production Languages Corporation
            DOS- and Windows- based compilers
            Integrated development environment includes ANSI C compiler,
               assembler, linker, librarian, debugger
       - Signum Systems
       - SPJ Systems  $
            low cost ($150.00)

   Basic interpreters/compilers
       - Binary Technology, Inc.
       - Iota Systems, Inc.
            Basic-752 interpreter (simulator also available)
            Basic-52 Plus interpreter
       - MDL Labs
            BASIKIT--Integrated Programming Environment for BASIC-52,
               and for MDL-BASIC-I, MDL-BASIC-P, and MDL-BASIC-D.
   BASIKIT includes a full-screen editor and permits writing
               programs with labels rather than line numbers.
            MDL-BASIC-I and MDL-BASIC-P are supersets of the original
               BASIC-52, for the Intel 8052 and the Philips PCB83C552.
            MDL-BASIC-D is a BASIC for the Dallas 87C530 which accesses
               all the features of the chip, including both serial
               ports, the Watchdog, and the power-saving features. The
               BASIC will address up to 512K of memory and will collect
               data into that memory via serial port interrupts. It runs
               faster at 25 MHz than compiled code on the 8052.
       - Micro Future
            Basic-52 development system
       - Systronix Inc. (Basic compiler)

   Pascal
       - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
            PASCAL51 - Advanced Turbo PASCAL compliant cross compiler
       - Scientific Engineering Labs

   Modula-2
       - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
            Mod51 - optimizing Modula-2 Compiler, smallest program is 14
            bytes, ideal for both very tight/fast projects and very
            large ones with multiple modules, produces smaller/tighter
            code than C, has extensive libraries and working examples
       - Vail Silicon Tools, Inc.

   PL/M
       - BSO/Tasking

   Board level products
       - Ackerman Computers Sciences (ACS)
       - AM Research
            complete FORTH based system with PC based host system
       - Binary Technology, Inc.
       - Blue Earth Research
       - Blue Ridge Micros (8031 and 8052-BASIC based boards)
       - CG Microsystems
            MCU system based on the DS80C320
            piles of features including 2 ISA slots
            about $90 for the basic system
       - Circuit Cellar Inc.
       - DataCraft International
       - Dunfield Development Systems
       - EE Systems
       - Forth, Inc.
       - HiTech Equipment Corp.
       - Iota Systems, Inc. (line of development packages, boards,
            peripherals, and components)
       - J & M Microtek, Inc.
       - L.S. Electronic Systems Design
       - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
       - New Micros
            8051 based NMIY0031 SBC
            $39 + shipping you
            includes: SBC with 8051 (Siemens SAB8051, can be
               substituted), 8K RAM, EPROM with a burnt-in monitor which
               supports downloading hex files into the RAM and executing
               them
            the board can accept 3 memory chips (each one up to
               32K), one of which is for program, one for data and the
               third can be configured as wanted
            it has a 4x5 matrix keyboard interface, LCD interface,
               RS232 and support for RS422/485 (need to add the chips)
   prototyping area of about 3.5 x 2 inches
            on floppy you get:  User manual for the board in Word
               and plain text formats with many programming examples in
               all supplied languages (about 150 pages), A51 assembler,
               Small C compiler, hex file for the MCS-52 Basic
               interpreter EPROM with MCS-52 manual, hex file for
               MAX-FORTH interpreter EPROM with documentation, hex file
               for the supplied monitor and documentation, and a
               terminal program
       - Parallax, Inc.
       - Prologic Designs
       - Rigel Corporation
       - Software Science
            nice boards with prototyping area
       - Suncoast Technologies
       - URDA, Inc.

   Assemblers
       - 2500 A.D.
       - Archimedes Software
            same as Keil Electronics
            Archimedes is introducing StartRight, a low cost 8051
               assembler for $200
       - BSO/Tasking
       - Crossware Products
       - Custom Computer Consultants
       - Cybernetics Microsystems
       - Dunfield Development Systems
            Supports both Intel and Motorola style syntax
       - Emulation Technology, Inc.
       - Intel Corporation
       - Keil Electronics
       - Lear Com Company
       - Metalink
       - Micro Computer Control
       - Microtek Research
       - Nohau Corporation
       - Okapi Systems
       - Onset Computer Corporation (8051 Assember for MAC)
       - Parallax, Inc.
       - PseudoCorp
       - Raven Computer Systems
       - Signum Systems
       - Speech Technology Inc.
            TASM (table driven cross assembler supports many different
            microcontrollers and microprocessors)
       - Universal Cross Assemblers
            CROSS32 supports 40-50 different processors

   Forth
       - AM Research
            Development system, features kernel of less than 700 bytes
       - Forth, Inc.
            A cross-development product for the 8051 family
               which includes a board and extensive documentation.
       - Forth Systeme
       - MPE: MicroProcessor Engineering Ltd.
            A cross-development system for the 8051 family
               extensive documentation
            interactive single chip development, multitasking,
               bank switching for more than 64k code
       - Offete Enterprises
            8051 eForth (C. H. Ting -- $25.00).  "A small ROM based
               Forth system ... Source code is in MASM IBM 5.25 disk
               with 8051 eForth Implementation Note."

   ROM Monitor-based Debuggers
       - ChipTools (ChipView-51 looks like turbo debugger)
       - Dunfield Development Systems
            Can be used with DS5000 for single-chip in-circuit
               emulation

   Simulators
       - 2500 A.D.
       - Avocet Systems
       - ChipTools
            on a 33 MHz 486 matches the speed of a 12 MHz 8051
       - Crossware (simulator running under Windows)
       - Cybernetic Micro Systems
       - Dunfield Development Systems
            Low cost $50.00
            500,000+ instructions/second on 486/33
            Can interface to target system for physical I/O
            Includes PC hosted "on chip" debugger with identical user
               interface
       - HiTech Equipment Corp.
       - Hitex
       - Iota Systems, Inc.
       - J & M Microtek, Inc.
       - Keil Electronics
       - Lear Com Company
       - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
       - Micro Computer Control Corporation
            Simulator/source code debugger ($79.95)
       - Microtek Research
       - Production Languages Corp.
       - PseudoCorp

   Emulators ($$$ - high, $$ - medium, $ - low priced)
     <Thanks to Alistair George for this bit of important advice...
     Potential customers of emulators should check to make sure that the
     emulator supports the required external hardware (ports,
     interrupts, etc) before they buy - its probably the most
     important spec, but one easily missed. Some emulators only offer
     very minimal support, which sometimes hardly makes it worthwhile to
     bother.>
       - Advanced Micro Solutions  $$
       - Advanced Microcomputer Systems, Inc.  $
       - Applied Digital Research Ltd.  $$
       - American Automation  $$$  $$
       - Applied Microsystems  $$
       - ChipTools (front end for Nohau's emulator)
       - Cybernetic Micro Systems  $
       - Dunfield Development Systems $
            plans for pseudo-ice using Dallas DS5000/DS2250
            used together with their resident monitor and host debugger
       - Emulation Technology, Inc. $$
            OpenEmulator in-circuit emulators adaptable for over a
               hundred microcontrollers/microprocessors
       - HBI Limited  $
       - Hewlett-Packard  $$$
       - HiTech Equipment Corp.
       - Hitex  $$
       - Huntsville Microsystems  $$
       - Intel Corporation  $$$
       - Kontron Electronics  $$$
       - Lauterbach Datentechnik GmbH
            8051 In-Circuit Emulators based on a universal high-
               performance emulation system called TRACE32.
       - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
            full line covering everything from the Atmel flash to the
               Siemens powerhouse 80c517a
       - MetaLink Corporation  $$  $
       - Nohau Corporation  $$
       - Orion Instruments  $$$
       - Philips $$ $
            DS-750 pseudo-ICE developed by Philips and CEIBO
               real-time emulation and simulator debug mode
               source-level debugging for C, PL/M, and assembler
               programs 8xC75x parts
               low cost - only $100 from Philips ($250 from CEIBO)
               DOS and Windows versions available
            PDS51 board level In-Circuit Emulation system
               no stolen resources
               Daughter boards support wide range of Philips derivatives
               approximately $US1000 to $US1200 depending on daughter
                 board
       - Signum Systems  $$
       - Sophia Systems  $$$
       - Zax Corporation
       - Zitek Corporation  $$$

   Real-time
       - Byte-BOS Integrated Systems
            small, prioritized, preemptive real-time kernel
       - Embedded System Products (formerly A.T. Barrett and Associates)
            ROMable embedded-system kernel: source provided.  Provides
            programming interface identical on all target platforms.
            Basic, advanced, and extended library packages available.
       - Intellimap Engineering
            DCE51 real time operating system
       - JMI Software Systems, Inc.
            small, prioritized, preemptive real-time kernel
       - StarCom
            CRTX, embedded real-time micro kernel primarily intended for
            embedded 8-bit applications using 8051, 68HC11, 80188 etc.
            Simple, low cost, and includes ANSI C source for
            portability.
       - U S Software
            SuperTask! - multitasking executive

   Trainers
       - Advanced Educational Systems (AES)
            complete learning system (board, LCD, keypad, A/D, D/A, etc)
       - Sun Equipment Corp.
            trainers

   Miscellaneous
       - Creative Applications Engineering, Inc
            CheepTools (integrated environment)
       - Dallas Semiconductor
            evaluation/development kit for their DS5000 (very nice)
       - Data Sync Engineering (disassembler)
       - Datarescue
            IDA - an interactive, multi-os disassembler supporting:
            OS/2, Win95, Win NT, Win, NLMs and more. Unlike other
            disassemblers, IDA works with you, allowing you to modify
            the disassembled code "on the fly". It supports many
            processors, various input file formats, and can produce
            various output files etc.  IDA has a built-in C-like
            language and sports a TVision user interface.
       - Educational Laboratories
            development courses:
              8051 Microcontroller Based Computer Design
              Programming 8051 Based Computers
            each course $19.95, both $29.95
       - Electronic Product Design, Inc.
            development system (integrated package with assembler,
            project manager, text editor, programmer)
       - Exor Inc. (ladder logic compiler)
       - Feger + Co.
            offers a series of German language 8051 related books they
            call `MC-Tools' describing the processors and/or projects
            for PC-addin boards:
            MC-Tools 1 - 80c535 project for DM 119; includes 260 page
              book, an empty PCB, and a diskette with assembler,
              debugger, PC-Oscilloscope
            MC-Tools 4 - same as above but based on 80c537
            MC-Tools 3 - Die 8051-Microcontroller Familie vom 8051 zum
              80C517A; text book on the 8051 and Siemens derivatives,
              360 pages.
            MC-Tools 5 - handbook on the 80C517 and 80C517A, 360 pages
       - Iota Systems, Inc.
            integrated environment system
       - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
            PIC to 8051 conversion program
       - Parallax, Inc.
            programmers
       - Philips
            87C51 programmers
              LCPx5x - 24 and 28 pin DIL and 68 pin PLCC Philips parts
                     - 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 451, 453, 552
              LCPx5x40 - 40 pin DIL or 44 pin PLCC Philips parts
              Range further expanded by adaptors
              Low cost, board level
       - Quantasm Corp.
            ASMFLOW - produces flowchart and tree diagrams from source
               code, register usage analysis, Xref, timing info
       - TCG
            EPROM emulator
            Atmel 2051 programmer
       - U S Software
            USNET - TCP/IP networking suite
            USFiles - file system
            GOFAST - floating point library
       - Xicor
            SLIC2E microperipherals - wires up directly to an 8051 and
              needs no glue logic, contains:
                 - 8K x 8 EEPROM in individual 4K segments
                 - 2 8-BIT I/O ports
                 - 16 8-BIT RAM registers
                 - Integrated Interrupt Controller Module
                 - Internal programmable address decoding
                 - code loaded at the factory allowing users to
                   download programs into EEPROM
            Development Support package includes a DATA BOOK, a
              SAMPLE of the CHIP (PDIP or PLCC, your choice) and PC
              compatible software for downloading and testing your
              programs. $15
            Development system includes a populated board. $180


   2500 A.D.       109 Brookdale Ave., Box 480, Buena Vista, CO  81211
                   (719)395-8683

   Ackerman Computer Sciences (ACS)
                   4276 Lago Way, Sarasota, FL  34241
                   (813)377-5775   Fax: (813)378-4226

   Advanced Educational Systems (AES)
                   1407 North Batavia Street, Orange, CA  92677
                   (800)730-3232   (714)744-0981   Fax: (714)744-2693

   Advanced Micro Devices
                   901 Thompson Place, PO Box 3453
                   Sunnyvale, CA  94088-3000
                   (408)732-2400

   Advanced Microcomputer Systems, Inc.
                   1321 NW 65th Place, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
                   (305)975-9515  Fax: (305)975-9698

   Advanced Micro Solutions
                   1033 S Imperial Dr., Hartland, WI 53029
                   (414)367-3577

   American Automation
                   2651 Dow Avenue, Tustin, CA  92680
                   (714)731-1661

   AM Research     4600 Hidden Oaks Lane, Loomis, CA  95650
                   (800)949-8051   (916)652-7472   Fax: (916)6642
                   BBS: (916)652-7117
                   Email: [email protected]
                   http://www.amresearch.com

   Applied Digital Research Ltd.
                   P.O. Box 6480, Wellesley St, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
                   +64 9 480-8827
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Compuserve: 100351,716
                   WWW: http://www.he.net/~adr/



   Applied Microsystems
                   5020 148th Ave. N.E., PO Box 97002
                   Redmond, WA  98073-9702

   Archimedes Software
                   2159 Union St., San Francisco, CA  94123
                   (415)567-4010
                   WWW: http://www.archimedes.com/devtools

   Ashling Microsystems Ltd
   Ireland         Plessey Technological Park
                   Limerick, Ireland
                   +353 61 334466   Fax:  +353 61 334477
   United Kingdom  Butler House
                   19-23 Market Street
                   Maidenhead, Berkshire,  UK
                   +0628 773070   Fax: 0628 773009

   Atmel           2125 O'Nel Drive, San Jose, CA  95131
                   (800)365-3375  (408)441-0311   Fax: (408)436-4300

   Avocet Systems  120 Union St., Rockport, ME  04856
                   (800)448-8500  (207)236-9055   Fax: (207)236-6713

   Binary Technology, Inc.
                   PO Box 541, Carlisle, MA  01741
                   (508)369-9556   Fax: (508)369-9549

   Blue Earth Research
                   165 W. Lind Ct., Mankato, MN  56001-0400
                   (507)387-4001   Fax: (507)387-4008
                   BBS: (507)387-4007

   Blue Ridge Micros
                   2505 Plymouth Rd., Johnson City, TN  37601
                   (615)335-6696   Fax: (615)929-3164

   BSO/Tasking
   International   333 Elm Street, Dedham, MA  02026-4530
                   (800)458-8276  (617)320-9400  Fax: (617)320-9212
   Europe          Tasking Software BV
                   P O Box 899, 3800 AW Amersfoort, Netherlands
                   +31 33 558584   Fax: +31 33 550033

   Business Data Computers
                   P.O. Box 1549, Chester, CA  96020

   Byte-BOS Integrated Systems
                   P.O. Box 3067, Del Mar, CA 92014
                   (800)788-7288   (619)755-8836

   CG Microsystems
                   http://home.earthlink.net/~cgmicro/

   ChipTools Inc   (905)274-6244   Fax: (905)891-2715
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Web: http://www.chiptools.com/

   Circuit Cellar Inc.
                   4 Park St., Vernon, CT  06066
                   (203)875-2751   Fax: (203)872-2204

   Creative Applications Engineering, Inc
                   Ed Carryer
                   (415)494-2363   BBS: (415)494-8463

   Crossware Products
                   St John's Innovation Centre
                   Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 4WS, UK
                   +44 1223 421263  Fax: +44 1223 421006
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Web: http://www.crossware.com

   Custom Computer Consultants
                   1807 Huron River Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197

   Cybernetic Micro Systems
                   Box 3000, San Gregorio, CA  94074
                   (415)726-3000

   Dallas Semiconductor
                   4401 S. Beltwood Parkway, Dallas, TX  75244-3292
                   (214)450-0448   Fax: (214)450-3715
                   International:  (214)450-5351
                   Orders:  (800)336-6933
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Web: www.dalsemi.com

   DataCraft International
                   2828 Ione Dr., San Jose, CA  95132
                   (800)873-3709   (408)259-4866

   Data Sync Engineering
                   40 Trinity St., Newton, NJ 07860
                   (201)383-1355   Fax: (201)383-9382
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Web: http://www.datasynceng.com

   DataRescue sprl
                   110 route du Condroz, 4121 Neupre  Belgium
                   Web: http://www.datarescue.com

   Dunfield Development Systems
                   P.O. Box 31044, Nepean, Ontario Canada   K2B 8S8
                   (613)256-5820   Fax: (613)256-5821
                   BBS: (613)256-6289
                   Web:   http://www.dunfield.com
                   Email: General information:      [email protected]
                   Sales inquiries/Administration: [email protected]
                   Technical inquiries/Support      [email protected]
                   Old Email address:  [email protected]

   EE Systems      50935 Hill Dr., Elkhart, IN  46514
                   (219)296-1754   Fax: (219)522-4271

   Electronic Product Design, Inc.
                   6963 Bluebelle Way, Springfield, OR  97478
                   (503)741-0778

   Embedded System Products (formerly A.T. Barrett and Associates)
                   11501 Chimney Rock, Houston, TX  77035-2900
                   (800)525-4302   (713)728-9688   Fax: (713)728-1049

   Emulation Technology, Inc.
                   2344 Walsh Avenue, Bldg. F, Santa Clara, CA  95051
                   (408)982-0660   Fax: (408)982-0664
                   Email: [email protected]
                   WWW: http://www.emulation.com
                   FTP: ftp.emulation.com

   Exor Inc.
                   4740T Interstate Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45246
                   (513)874-4665   Fax: (513)874-3684

   Feger + Co., Hardware + Software Verlags OHG
                   Marienstrasse 1, D-83301 Traunreut, Germany

   Forth, Inc.     1-800-55FORTH
                   http://www.earthlink.net/~forth

   Forth Systeme   P.O. Box 1103, Breisach, Germany
                   7767-551

   Franklin Software
                   (408)296-8051

   HBI Limited
                   6F, 1 Fleming Road, Hong Kong
                   852-891-3673  Fax: 852-834-9748

   Hewlett-Packard 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA  94304

   HiTech Equipment Corp.
                   9400 Activity Rd., San Diego, CA  92126
                   (619)566-1892   Fax: (619)530-1458
                   Email: [email protected]   ftp: ftp.hte.com

   Hi-Tech Software
                   PO Box 103, Alderly QLD 4051, Australia
                   (+61-7) 300 5011   Fax: (+61-7) 300 5246
                   BBS: +61 7 3300 5235
                   Email: [email protected]
                   WWW: http://www.hitech.com.au/

   Hitex
   North America   HiTOOLS Inc., 2055 Gateway Place, Suite 400
                   San Jose, CA 95110
                   (408) 451 3986   Fax: (408) 441 9486
                   http://www.hitex.com  [email protected]
   Germany         Greschbachstr 12, 76229 Karlsruhe
                   0721/9628-0      Fax: 0721/9628-149
                   [email protected]
                   http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/BA/firmen/hitex
   United Kingdom  Sir William Lyons Road, Science Park
                   Coventry CV4 7EX
                   +0203 692066     Fax: +0203 692131

   Huntsville Microsystems
                   4040 S. Memorial Parkway, PO Box 12415
                   Huntsville, AL  35802

   IAR Systems Software
   North America   One Maritime Plaza, Suite 1770
                   San Fransisco, CA 94111  USA
                   (415)765-5500   Fax: (415)765-5503
   Sweden          IAR Systems AB
                   Box 23051
                   S-750 23 Uppsala, Sweden
                   +46 18 16 7800   Fax: +46 18 16 7838
   Germany         IAR Systems GmbH
                   Brucknerstrasse 27
                   D-81677 Munchen, Germany
                   +49 89 470 6022   Fax: +49 89 470 9565
   United Kingdom  IAR Systems Ltd
                   9 Spice Court
                   Plantation Wharf, York Rd
                   London SWII 3UE, England
                   +44 71 924 3334   Fax: +44 71 924 5341

   Intel Corporation
                   3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA  95051
                   Technical Help: (800)628-8686 (USA/Canada only)
                      5 am to 5 pm PST
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Faxback support: (800)628-2283 (USA/Canada)
                      touch tone phones only
                      Will only FAX to USA/Canada locations
                      English or Japanese support is available
                   BBS: (916)356-3600  24 Hr.
                      Auto config: 1200 thru 14.4K Baud

   Intellimap Engineering
                   1140 Morrison Dr., Suite 222
                   Ottawa Ontario Canada K2H 8S9
                   (613)829-3196   Fax: (613)820-1773

   Intermetrics Microsystems Software, Inc.
                   733 Concord Ave., Cambridge, MA  02138
                   (617)661-0072   Fax: (617)868-2843

   Iota Systems, Inc.
                   924 Incline Way, Suite N / POB 8987
                   Incline Village, NV  89452-8987
                   (702)831-6302   Fax: (702)831-4629

   Integrated Silicom Solution
                   2231 Lawson Lane, Santa Clara, CA  95054
                   (800)379-4774  Fax: (408)588-0806

   J & M Microtek, Inc.
                   83 Seaman Rd., W Orange, NJ  07052
                   (201)325-1892   Fax: (201)736-4567

   JMI Software Systems, Inc.
                   P.O. Box 481, 904 Sheble Lane, Spring House, PA 19477
                   (215)628-0840   Fax: (215)628-0353

   KC Automation GmbH (support for Sysoft products)
                   Alfredo Knecht
                   CH-6991 Neggio, Switzerland
                   Fax: ++41-91591149
                   Email: [email protected]

   Keil Elektronik GmbH
   Europe          Bretonischer Ring 15
                   D-85630 Grasbrunn b. Muenchen, Germany
                   49 89 / 46 50 57   Fax: 49 89 / 46 81 62
   North America   Keil Software
                   16990 Dallas Parkway, Suit 120, Dallas, TX  75248
                   (800)348-8051 (sales and tech support)
                   (214)735-8052   Fax: (214)735-8055
                   CompuServe: 71715,1604
                   BBS: (214)713-9883
                   Web: http://www.keil.com/
                   FTP: ftp://ftp.keil.com/

   Kontron Electronics
                   D-8057 Eching/Munich
                   Oskar von Miller Str. 1, Germany
                   (0 81 65) 77-0

   Lakeview Research (Jan Axelson)
                   2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI  53704
                   (608)241-5824
                   Email: [email protected]
                   WWW: http://www.lvr.com/

   Lauterbach Datentechnik GmbH
   Europe          Fichtenstr. 27, D-85649 Hofolding, Germany
                   ++49 (0)8104 8943 31   Fax: ++49 (0)8104 8943 49
                   Compuserve: 100272,507
                   Email: [email protected]
                   WWW: http://www.lauterbach.com
   USA             Lauterbach Inc.
                   945 Concord Street, Framingham,MA 01701
                   (508)620-4521   Fax: (508)620-4522

   Lear Com Company
                   2440 Kipling St. Suite 206, Lakewood, CO  80215
                   (303)232-2226   Fax: (303)232-8721

   Logical Systems Corporation (Disassembler, Simulator)
   Micro Dialects, Inc.
                   POB 30014, Cincinnati, OH  45230
                   (513)271-9100

   Logisoft        Box 61929, Sunnyvale CA  94086
                   (408)773-8465  Fax: (408)773-8466

   L.S. Electronic Systems Design
                   2280 Camilla Rd., Mississauga, Ontario
                   Canada  L5A 2J8
                   (905)277-4893   Fax: (905)277-0047

   Lumino B.V
                   Web: http://www.lumino.nl/lumino/

   Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
                   128 Grange Rd., Auckland 3, New Zealand
                   +64 9 6300 558   Fax: +64 9 6301 720

   Matra Semiconductor
                   2840-100 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA  95051
                   (408)986-9000

   MDL Labs
                   1073 Limberlost Court,  Columbus, OH 43235
                   Tel/Fax: 614-431-2675
                   Email: [email protected]

   MetaLink Corporation
   North America   325 E. Elliot Road, Chandler, AZ  85255
                   (800)638-2423   (602)926-0797
                   Fax:  (602)926-1198
   Europe          MetaLink Europe GmbH
                   Westring 2, 8011<85614>
                   Kirchseeon-Eglharting, Germany
                   (08091)2046   Fax: (08091)2386

   Micro Computer Control Corporation
                   PO Box 275, 17 Model Ave., Hopewell, NJ  08525
                   (609)466-1751   Fax: (609)466-4116
                   BBS: (609)466-4117
                   Email: [email protected]

   Micro Future    40944 Cascado Place, Fremont, CA  94539
                   (510)657-0264   Fax: (510)657-5441
                   BBS: (510)657-5442

   MicroMint       4 Park St., Vernon, CT  06066
                   (203)875-2751   Fax: (203)872-2204

   Microtek International, Inc.
   North America   Microtek International, Inc.
                   3300 N.W. 211th Terrace, Hillsboro, OR  97124
                   (503)645-7333   Fax: (503)629-8460
   Europe          Microtek Electronics Europe GmbH
                   Starnberger Strasse 22, 82131 Gauting bei Munchen
                   Germany
                   +49(89)893139-30    Fax: +49(89)893139-50

   MPE: MicroProcessor Engineering Ltd.
                   133 Hill Lane, Shirley, Southampton SO1 5AF U.K.
                   +44 1703 631441   Fax: +44 1703 339691
                   Email: [email protected]
                          [email protected]
                          [email protected]

   New Micros of Dallas Texas

   Nohau Corporation
                   51 E. Campbell Ave., Campbell, CA  95008
                   (408)866-1820
                   (408)378-2912 (24 hr. information center)
                   Fax: (408)378-7869
                   Email: [email protected]
                   WWW: http://www.nohau.com/nohau

   Offete Enterprises, Inc.
                   1306 South B Street, San Mateo, CA  94402
                   (415) 574-8250

   Okapi Systems   (206)258-1163

   Onset Computer Corporation
                   199 Main St.,  P.O. Bos 1030
                   North Falmouth, MA 02556-1030
                   (508)563-9000   Fax: (508)563-9477

   Orion Instruments, Inc.
                   1376 Borregas Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA  94089
                   (408)747-0440  Fax: (408)747-0688
                   Email: [email protected]
                   http://www.oritools.com

   Orion Instruments
                   180 Independence Drive, Menlo Park, CA  94025
                   (800)729-7700   Fax: (415)327-9881

   Parallax, Inc.  6200 Desimone Lane, #69A, Citrus Heights, CA  95621
                   (916)721-8217

   Philips Microcontroller Product Group
                   811 East Arques Ave. / POB 3409
                   Sunnvale, CA  94088-3409
                   Technical documentation:
                       Sunnyvale, CA - (800)447-1500  Fax: (408)991-3773
                       Eindhoven, Netherlands - Fax: 31-40-724825
                   Technical questions:
                       Sunnyvale, CA - (408)991-3518

   Production Languages Corporation
                   P.O. Box 109, Weatherford, TX  76086
                   (800)525-6289   (817)599-8365   Fax: (817)599-5098

   Prologic Designs
                   PO Box 19026, Baltimore, MD  21204
                   (410)661-5950   Fax: (410)661-5950

   PseudoCorp      2597 Potter St., Eugene, OR 97405
                   (541)683-9173   Fax: (541)683-9186
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Web: http://www.teleport.com/~rhowden

   Quantasm Corporation
                   19672 Stevens Creek Blvd.
                   Cupertino, CA  95014
                   (800)765-8086   (408)244-6826   Fax: (408)244-7268

   Raven Computer Systems
                   PO Box 12116, St. Paul, MN  55112
                   (612)636-0365

   Rigel Corporation
                   P.O. Box 90040, Gainesville, FL  32607

   Scientific Engineering Labs
                   255 Beacon St., Suite 3D, Somerville, MA  02143
                   (617)625-0288

   Siemens Components, Inc.
                   Integrated Circuit Division, 10950 N. Tantau Ave.
                   Cupertino, CA  95014
                   (800)777-4363  Fax: (708)296-4805

   Signetics Corporation (see Philips Microcontroller Product Group)

   Signum Systems  Mountain View, CA     (415)903-2220
                   Thousand Oaks, CA     (805)371-4608

   Software Science
                   3570 Roundbottom Rd., Cincinnati, OH  45244
                   (513)561-2060  Fax: (513)271-3181
                   Email: [email protected]

   Sophia Systems  NS Bldg. 2-4-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinuku-ku
                   Tokyo 160, Japan
                   03-348-7000

   Speech Technology Inc., Software Division
                   837 Front Street South, Issaquah, WA  98027
                   (206)392-8150

   SPJ Systems     114, Chitrashala Bldg.
                   562, Sadashiv Peth
                   Pune, India
                   91-212-451607   Fax: 91-212-480285
                   Email: [email protected]
                   Web: http://www.prime-digest.w1.com/spj

   Standard Microsystems Corporation
                   80 Arkay Dr.,  Hauppage, NY  11788
                   (516)435-6000    Fax: (516)231-6004
                   WWW: http://www.smc.com
                   Email: [email protected]

   StarCom         WWW: http://www.n2.net/starcom

   Sun Equipment Corporation
   Lodestar Electronics Corp.
                   616 Hawick Rd., Raleigh, NC  27615
                   (800)870-1955   (919)881-2141   Fax: (919)870-5720

   Suncoast Technologies
                   P.O. Box 5835, Spring Hill FL 34606
                   Voice/FAX (352)596-7599
                   Email: [email protected]
                   WWW: http://home.earthlink.net/~suncoast/

   Sysoft SA       (closed as of 1989 - see KC Automation GmbH)

   Systronix Inc.  555 S. 300 E., Salt Lake City, UT  84111
                   (801)534-1017  Fax: (801)534-1019
                   BBS: (801)487-2778

   TCG
                   11 Ally22 Ln21 Pei-Ta Rd.
                   Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
                   (886)3-532-7372   Fax: 886-3-531-7162
                   Email:[email protected]
                   http://www.yp.at-taiwan.com/~com00121
                   http://www.hth.com

   URDA, Inc.      (800)338-0517   (412)683-8732

   US Software     14215 N.W. Science Park Drive, Portland, OR  97229
                   (800)356-7097   (503)641-8446   Fax: (503)644-2413
                   Product information available by ftp -
                      ftp.netcom.com : pub/ussw

   Universal Cross Assemblers
                   Canada
                   (506)849-8952   Fax: (506)847-0681

   Vail Silicon Tools, Inc.
                   Box 165, Pompano Beach FL  33069
                   (305)491-7443   Fax: (305)974-8531

   Xicor
                   1511 Buckeye Dr., Milpitas, CA
                   (408)432-8888   Fax: (408)432-0640
                   Email: [email protected]
                   http//www.xicor.com
                   BBS: (800)258-8864

   Zax Corporation
                   2572 White Road, Irving, CA 92714
                   (800)421-0982   (714)474-1170

   Zitek Corporation
                   1651 East Edinger Ave., Santa Ana, Ca  92705
                   (714)541-2931


5)  8051 DOCUMENTATION


5.1) Periodicals that cover the 8051

   Various magazines and journals (journals seems to be THE popular name
   for magazines these days) provide articles from time to time on the
   8051 family of microcontrollers:

   The Computer Applications Journal (Circuit Cellar Ink)
       - programming and construction articles
       - POB 7694, Riverton, NJ  08077-8784
       - FAX: (203)872-2204
       - Voice orders: (609)786-0409
       - Email orders: [email protected]
       - BBS: (203)871-1988
         WWW: http://www.circellar.com
       - $21.95, $31.95 surface Canada and Mexico,
         $49.95 air all other countries

   Computer Design
       - industry announcements and trends
       - One Technology Park Drive, P.O. Box 990, Westford, MA  01886
       - (508)692-0700

   The Computer Journal
       - programming and construction articles, specializing in 8-bit
         and older computers (Z80-CP/M, TRS-80, Xerox, microcontrollers,
         etc)
       - programming and construction articles, specializing in old
         computers (S-100, CP/M, TRS-80, Xerox, Adam, etc)
       - P.O. Box 3900, Citrus Heights, CA 95611-3900
       - (800)424-8825 or (916) 722-4970   FAX: (916) 722-7480
       - BBS: (916) 722-5799
       - Web: http://www.psyber.com/~tcj
       - Email: [email protected]
                Dave Baldwin: [email protected]
                Bill Kibler: [email protected]
       - USENET newsgroup alt.tcj

   Dr. Dobbs Journal
       - programming articles, concepts, and designs
       - 411 Borel Ave., San Mateo, CA  94402
       - (415)358-9500

   EDN
       - Cahners Publishing Company
         8773 South Ridgeline Blvd., Highlands Ranch, CO 80126-2329
       - annual microprocessor and DSP editions
       - http://www.ednmag.com/

   Electronic Engineering Times
       - industry announcements and trends
       - FREE to qualified engineers and managers involved in
         engineering decisions
       - Fulfillment Dept., PO Box 9055, Jericho, NY  11753-8955
       - FAX: (516)733-6960

   Electronics Now
       - construction articles
       - Box 55115, Boulder, CO  80321-5115
       - $19.97 one year

   Elektor Electronics
       - programming and construction articles
       - World Wide Subscription Service Ltd
         Unit 4, Gibbs Reed Farm, Pashley Road
         Ticehurst TN5 7HE, England
       - 27 UK pounds
    or
       - Old Colony Sound Lab, P.O. Box 243, Peterborough, NH 03458
       - Tel. (603)924-6371, 924-6526
       - Fax: (603)924-9467
       - $57 USA and Canada per year

   Embedded Systems Programming
       - programming and systems design articles
       - Miller Freeman Publications
       - 500 Howard St., San Francisco, CA  94105
       - Miller Freeman: (415)905-2200
       - Embedded Systems Programming phone: (800)829-5537

   Forth Dimensions
       - monthly magazine on Forth
       - Forth Interest Group, P.O. Box 2154, Oakland, California 94621
       - (510)893-6784   Fax: (510)535-1295
       - Email: [email protected]
       - Forth Interest Group home page:
            http://taygeta.oc.nps.navy.mil/fig_home.html

   Inquisitor Magazine
       - If you're the type that watched Gilligan's Island for its
         socio-political insights, then you'll love a new 'zine that
         just crossed my desk - Inquisitor Magazine.  It's general
         philosophy seems to be ... well, it seems to be ... uh, yeah!
         Technical in nature, bizarre, tongue in cheek, eclectic,
         electric, did I mention bizarre(?), and lots of fun.  Worth
         looking at if you like the out of the ordinary.  The moving
         force behind this magazine is Daniel Drennan, who seems to have
         suffered from an overdose of radiation from his computer
         monitor ;-).
       - Dan is offering issue 1 of Inquisitor for free except for
         postage ($1.00 in the United States; $2.00 for Canada and
         overseas surface mail; and $3.00 for overseas airmail).  This
         issue contains plans, schematics, and troubleshooting tips for
         putting together a 8052-based microcontroller.  If you're
         thinking of putting together an 8051 system, you might want to
         check this out.
       - Planetarium Station, P.O.Box 132, New York, NY  10024-0132
       - (212)595-8370
       - Email: [email protected]
       - $16 per year (4 issues)

   Microcomputer Journal
       - programming and construction articles
       - Midnight Engineering, 1700 Washington Av., Rocky Ford, CO 81067
       - (719)254-4558  Fax: (719)254-4517

   Midnight Engineering
       - 1700 Washington Ave., Rocky Road, CO  81067
         (719)254-4558   Fax: (719)254-4517

   MW Media - Product Directories
       - 8051 Product Directory
         (survey of various 8051 products)
       - Intel Development Tools Handbook
         (survey of commercial development tools for the 8051, 8096,
         and 80186 lines of Intel microprocessors)
       - This documents could very well be a "must" if you're into
         serious development using one of these chips.  If you are
         "just" a hobbyist, see how the "other half" lives.
       - other guides on Intel development tools, Embedded Intel 386,
         Intel 486/Pentium, 8051 products, Hitachi microcontroller
         development tools, AMD FusionE86, AMD 29K; low power products,
         DSP, multimedia CD
       - FREE to qualified developers
       - MW Media
       - Fairmont Plaza, 50 W. San Fernando, #675, San Jose, CA  95113
       - (408)288-4721 and (408)286-4200
       - FAX: (408)288-4728

   Nuts & Volts Magazine
       - A National Publication for the Buying and Selling of
         Electronic Equipment
       - 430 Princeland Court, Corona, CA  91719
       - Mailed third class, USA only:  $17.00 one year
                                        $31.00 two years
       - Mailed first class, one year only:  $34.00-USA
                                             $35.00-Canada/Mexico
       - Foreign/Air Mail - $70.00;  Foreign/Surface - $39.00
       - (800)783-4624
       - Email:  [email protected]


5.2)  Books on the 8051

5.2.1)  List of books

   I don't have information on all of these, only that they exist.  I
   would greatly appreciate it if someone could provide a short synopsis
   and the complete book name if you are familiar with any of these
   titles.



   The 8051 Family of Microcontrollers
       - Richard H. Barnett
       - Prentice-Hall, 1995
       - ISBN 0-02-306281-9

   8051 Interfacing and Applications
       - Applied Logic Engineering
       - 13008 93rd Place North, Maple Grove, MN  55369
       - (612)494-3704

   The 8051 Microcontroller
       - I. Scott MacKenzie
       - Prentice Hall
       - 2nd edition, 1995
       - ISBN 0-02-373660-7
       - includes schematics for a single-board computer,
         assembly-language source code for a monitor program, and
         interfaces to a keypad, LEDs, and loudspeaker

   The 8051 Microcontroller
       - James W. Stewart
       - Regents/Prentice-Hall, 1993
       - $27.50, 273 pages
       - includes many interfacing examples (switches, solenoids,
         relays, shaft encoders, displays, motors, and A/D converters)
         and a chapter on top-down design method

   The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming and Applications
       - Kenneth J. Ayala
       - 241 pages, soft cover
       - 5.25" diskette with assembler and simulator
       - ISBN 0-314-77278-2, Dewey 004.165-dc20
       - West Publishing Company
       - P.O. Box 64526, St. Paul, MN  55164
       - (800)328-9352
       - see review in next section

   Assembly Language Programming (for the MCS-51 family)
       - F. A. Lyn
       - L. S. Electronic Systems Design

   Basic-52 Programmer's Guide
       - Systronix, Inc. (they also sell a Basic compiler)

   Beginner's Guide
       - Suncoast Technologies

   C and the 8051
       - Thomas W. Schultz
       - Prentice Hall
       - ISBN 0-13-753815-4

   Data book / Handbook / Users' Guide
       - Advanced Micro Devices
       - Dallas (User's guide for the DS5000)
       - Intel
       - Philips
       - Siemens

   Embedded Controller Forth for the 8051 Family
       - Academic Press (I think)
       - William H. Payne
       - uses a Forth development system available on the Internet
         (see above in the Forth software section)

   Embedded Systems Programming in C and Assembler
       - John Forrest Brown
       - Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994
       - 304 pages, $49.95
       - ISBN 0-442-01817-7
       - covers Motorola and Intel processors
       - includes diskette with code from the book
       - book review in Dr. Dobb's Journal, November 1994, page 121

   Experimenter's guide
       - Rigel Corporation

   Flow Design for Embedded Systems
       - Barry Kauler
       - R&D Books / Miller Freeman (USA), 1997
         distributed in Europe by McGraw-Hill
       - ISBN 0-87930-469-3
       - http://www.rdbooks.com/
       - bundled with a sophisticated graphical diagrammer and CASE
         tool, K-Flow diagrammer, that runs on Windows 3.1 or 95
       - source code for the TERSE RTOS is supplied

   Introduction to Microcontroller Design, Based on the 8051 family of
   Processors
       - Business Data Computers
       - P.O. Box 1549, Chester, CA  96020

   The Microcontroller Idea Book
       - Jan Axelson (of Microcomputer Journal fame)
       - features the 8052-BASIC microcontroller
       - hands-on guide with complete plans (schematics, design theory,
         program listings, construction details, etc)
       - explains how to use sensors, relays, displays, clock/calendars,
         keypads, wireless links, and more
       - 1994, 273 pages, $31.95 + shipping
       - Lakeview Research, 2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI  53704
         (608)241-5824
       - contact the author at [email protected]
       - WWW: http://www.lvr.com/
       - Lakeview Research's microcontroller page (resources for
         8052-Basic projects): http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm

   Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller
       - Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh Ahluwalia
       - wealth of information, including: 8051 architecture,
         programming basics and techniques, on-chip features, building
         your own 8051 system, and interfacing to various peripherals
       - hardware experiments contains plans and code for:  scanning a
         keypad, stepper motor control, a frequency generator, measuring
         light and temperature intensity (analog to digital), digital to
         analog conversion, DC motor speed regulation, interfacing to
         intelligent Liquid Crystal Displays, and implementing a
         multi-drop RS-485 network
       - accompanying diskette has an 8051 simulator and all source code
         for the projects in the book
       - must have book for the hobbyist or professional
       - $34.38, 352 pages, paperback, ISBN 0-201-63365-5
       - Addison-Wesley


5.2.2)  Book reviews

   My review of the book:
   Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller
   by Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh Ahluwalia

      Addison-Wesley has just released a GREAT new book, "Programming
      and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller" by Sencer Yeralan and
      Ashutosh Ahluwalia.  I had actually reviewed the manuscript some
      time back, and the book has now finally been released.  This book
      contains a wealth of information - it answers a lot of Frequently
      Asked Questions that often appear in comp.robotics,
      sci.electronics, and comp.arch.embedded.

      Among the some of the basic subjects covered include: 8051
      architecture, programming basics and techniques, on-chip features,
      building your own 8051 system, and interfacing to various
      peripherals.  A section on hardware experiments contains plans and
      code for:  scanning a keypad, stepper motor control, a frequency
      generator, measuring light and temperature intensity (analog to
      digital), digital to analog conversion, DC motor speed regulation,
      interfacing to intelligent Liquid Crystal Displays, and
      implementing a multi-drop RS-485 network.

      The book comes with a diskette containing an 8051 simulator and
      all source code for the projects in the book.  This is a must have
      book for the hobbyist or professional.  Available for $34.38, 352
      pages, paperback, ISBN 0-201-63365-5.  Run, don't walk, to your
      bookstore and get one now.  I mean it, this is a great book.


   My review of the book:
   The Microcontroller Idea Book
   by Jan Axelson

      This book is loosely based on a series of articles Jan wrote for
      ComputerCraft magazine (now the Microcomputer Journal).  If you
      are at all familiar with her work, you already realize that you're
      wasting your time by reading this review and you might as well
      just order your copy now.

      This is an excellent book for hobbyists and tinkerers, as it
      includes complete circuit schematics and parts lists, design
      theory, example program listings, construction and debugging tips,
      and vendor listings.  The example circuits and programs are based
      on the 8052-BASIC chip (a favorite with hobbyists due to its ease
      of use), and there is a lot of material on programming in BASIC52.
      The book is [very] useful even if you use a standard 8051 part.
      Lots of different interfacing ideas including: sensors, motors,
      LEDs, LCDs, wireless links, and a LOT more.

      Chapter titles:  microcontroller basics, inside the 8052-
      BASIC, powering up, saving programs, programming, inputs and
      outputs, switches and keypads, displays, using sensors to
      detect and measure, clocks and calendars, control circuits,
      wireless links, calling assembly-language routines, running
      BASIC-52 from external memory, related products

      If you are just starting out with microcontrollers, and don't have
      a clue where to start or what to control, this book is just what
      you need.  As the title of the book says, it's an idea book.

           The Microcontroller Idea Book
           Jan Axelson
           1994, 273 pages, $31.95 + shipping
           Lakeview Research, 2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI  53704
              (608)241-5824
              Email: [email protected]
              Web: http://www.lvr.com/


   My review of the book:
   The 8051 Family of Microcontrollers
   by Richard H. Barnett

      This book VERY thoroughly discusses the design and implementation
      of controllers using the 8051.  Dick says his book is "lots of
      meat, very little filler", but he's a bit off the mark here.  What
      he means to say is this book is many large chunks of meat, no
      vegetables, and no potatoes - we are NOT talking Hamburger Helper
      here gang.  The introduction alone contains circuits for 3
      controllers (one 8085 design used as a comparison).  Many hardware
      and softare examples are included.  Everywhere you turn in this
      book, you'll find circuit diagrams and sample code, including
      complete designs for three different microcontroller projects in
      the last chapter.  Clear and in-depth coverage of interfacing and
      peripheral use leaves very little to the imagination.

      This is a good book for both students and professionals who are
      trying to figure out how to start designing there own
      microcontroller.  Experienced hobbyists will also appreciate the
      many examples.  Novices might be a bit overwhelmed by this book.

           The 8051 Family of Microcontrollers
           Richard H. Barnett
           Prentice-Hall, 1995
           ISBN 0-02-306281-9

      For more info contact the author - [email protected]


   Richard Kendrick's review of the book:
   8051 Interfacing and Applications
   from Applied Logic Engineering

      IN BRIEF

      An excellent collection of interfacing circuits and well commented
      source code in assembly.  This is not a book for beginners as it
      assumes the user is very familiar with the architecture of the
      8051 and its registers.  A disk of assembly source code listings
      is included.

      CHAPTERS

            1    - 8051 Interfacing and Applications
            1.1  - Introduction
            1.2  - Main System Core
            1.3  - Simple Methods of User Input
            1.4  - Interfacing a 16 digit keypad to the 8031
            1.5  - Centronics Parallel Input Port
            1.6  - Centronics Parallel Output Port
            1.7  - Interfacing to the built-in Serial Port
            1.8  - Interfacing to a Dual Channel UART
            1.9  - Interfacing to an LCD
            1.10 - Bank Selection of Memory
                 - Appendix A: List of Vendors
                 - Appendix B: Connection to an External Computer
                    0.1 RS-232 Serial Connection
                    0.2 Centronics Interface Cabling

      COMMENTS

      This spiral bound book is thin (74 pages) but manages to cover a
      lot of information.  All of the sub-chapters have excellent code
      listings with full comments, partial schematic diagrams, and an
      occasional timing diagram.  The chapter on using the serial port
      is based on the MAX232 chip becoming so popular.  A table of timer
      reload values is provided to get standard baud rates but the book
      only mentions the required clock frequency of 11.0592 mHz in the
      first chapter.  It also doesn't explain why a seemingly
      non-standard crystal frequency was chosen.  The dual UART channel
      features the 2681 chip.  The LCD chapter gives a small but
      adequate explaination of the Hitachi controller chip usage on LCD
      displays and a tiny fragment of data on display characteristics of
      LCDs.  The bank selection of memory is useful showing code and
      schematic using five 62256 chips for 160K bytes of read/write
      memory.


   Richard Kendrick's review of the book:
   Microprocessor/Controller Design
   by Wayne P. Lichti of Business Data Computers

      A lame little book better bypassed.  As an introductory text,
      Kenneth Ayala's book is the winner hands down.  This book is a
      poor rehash of the same information in Intel's or AMD's data book.
      There is one code listing in the book and does little more than
      tell the reader that the 8051 family of processors exist.

      This book is 134 pages of wasted time.  The schematics were
      printed on a dot matrix printer and poorly reproduced.  Many of
      the sections are just a table or a paragraph with two or three
      sentences.  Use Ayala's book, you'll learn a lot more useful
      information.


   John Little's review of the book:
   The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming and Applications
   by Kenneth J. Ayala

      IN BRIEF

      A good book for those who are already moderately familiar with
      assembly language programming and wish to learn more about 8051
      specifics.  Has many example listings, all of which are very well
      documented in terms of comments and explanations in the text. NOT
      a book for absolute beginners OR hardware hackers looking for
      circuits and applications.


      CHAPTERS

         1 - Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.
         2 - The 8051 Architecture.
         3 - Moving Data.
         4 - Logical Operations.
         5 - Arithmetic Operations.
         6 - Jump and Call Opcodes.
         7 - An 8051 Microcontroller Design.
         8 - Applications.
         9 - Serial Data Communication.
         A - 8051 Operational Code Mnemonics.
         B - How to Use the Assembler.
         C - how to Use the Simulator.
         D - The 8255 Programmable I/O Port.
         E - Control Registers.


      COMMENTS

      In his preface to the book, Mr Ayala states that that it is
      intended for "... a diverse audience. It is meant for use
      primarily by those who work in the area of electronic design and
      assembly language programming of small, dedicated computers".
      Later, he goes on to refer the reader to the manufacturer's data
      books for more information on hardware issues. This sets the tone
      for the whole book, which is very much software orientated.

      Anyone buying the book expecting to find reams of circuit diagrams
      and details on how to build their own 8051 driven, automated car
      assembly plant will be disappointed. In fact, most of the circuits
      and applications shown are very much conceptual, with generic,
      black-box outlines for most of the components. The single
      exception to this is a fairly complete system (8031, EPROM & RAM,
      jumper selectable memory sizes) in the chapter on microcontroller
      design.  Even then, there's no I/O shown (the txd/rxd are
      unconnected).

      Having said that, Mr Ayala does do a fairly thorough job of
      working through the peculiarities of the 8051, with detailed
      coverage of memory organisation, bit/byte level operations,
      timers, interrupts and, at the end of the book, a complete chapter
      on 8051 communication modes. Each area has relevant assembly
      language listings, along with a detailed explanation of the
      workings of the code.

      Each section also has highlighted "comment" passages which point
      out common pitfalls and reinforce critical points. Each chapter
      ends with a summary of the important points covered and a series
      of ten to twenty pertinent problems for the reader to solve. For
      the most part, the answers to the problems can be found in the
      text.  In later chapters though, the reader is asked to elaborate
      on various programming themes and to write assembly language
      programs of their own to perform various tasks. The problems range
      from the bland "Name twenty items which have a built in
      microcontroller" (Chapter 1), to the more esoteric "Compose a
      40-value lookup table that will generate a sawtooth wave using a
      D/A converter" (Chapter 8).

      It should be noted that the book is not aimed at the complete
      novice. For instance, although assembly language listings are used
      throughout, it is not until Appendix B that the reader finds out
      what the assembler actually does and how the listings relate to
      machine code. Even then, the complete neophyte will be left with a
      rather empty feeling, as there are pages and pages of code, the
      schematic for a (more or less) complete system and instructions on
      how to use the assembler, but no information at all on how the
      object code should be utilised (other than with the included
      simulator - see below). If you don't already know how to blow an
      EPROM, you're in trouble.

      The diskette which accompanies the book contains the PseudoSam
      assembler (which is used throughout) and an 8051 simulator. Both
      being intended for use on a PC (it's a measure of how fast the
      computer industry is evolving that a 5.25 inch diskette seems a
      little archaic just three years after the publication date of the
      book).  The PseudoSam assembler ran fine on my system and I was
      able to assemble several of the examples from the book and
      successfully run them on a small, home-brew 8031 system. I was
      totally unable to get the simulator to run. However, as it failed
      on several different systems I'm prepared to believe that my
      particular copy of the diskette was at fault.


      SUMMARY

      All in all, a recommended book for those who have previous
      assembly language experience and wish to get to know details
      relating to the 8051 microcontroller. While the internal
      architecture of the chip is covered in detail, external hardware
      and peripheral interfacing is not.  Only the basic 8051/31 is
      covered, with little mention of the other variants available.
      There are extensive listings in the text, covering routines for
      handling keyboards and displays, as well as timing loops and
      communications. A large, clear typeface ensures that all of the
      listings are completely legible. The layout and presentation of
      the book is excellent, with a consistent, unambiguous style used
      throughout.


   Tim McDonough's review of the book:
   C and the 8051: Programming for Multitasking
   by Thomas W. Schultz

      Schultz's book provides a brief overview of the 8051 architecture
      but is primarily a discussion of multi-tasking software in an 8051
      environment.  He presents quite a few code examples.  The examples
      and the accompanying text show comparisons of how to accomplish
      things in assembler, PLM, and C.  The C examples presented are
      based on Version 3 of the Franklin compiler but should be easily
      understandable by anyone already familiar with C.

      Later chapters in the book deal with more advanced topics.
      Chapters are devoted to Real-Time Ideas, Timing and Scheduling,
      Communications and Synchronization, Interrupts, Priority, and
      Context, and Distributed Systems.  The Real-Time Ideas chapter
      briefly discusses six Real Time Operating System (RTOS) kernels
      offered by several vendors.  Later in the book some examples are
      given to simple applications with and without using a RTOS.

      All in all, a useful addition to my technical library.  It is one
      of the few 8051 books that goes beyond the basics and would be
      particularly of interest to those contemplating their first
      non-trivial 8051 design.


   My review of the book:
   Basic-52 Programming
   by Bruce Boyes, Will Bagley, and Scott Kendall of Systronix, Inc.

      A must have book for Basic-52 programmers.  The book starts out
      with an introduction to BASIC-52 programming, program editing, and
      techniques.  About a hundred of the book's 160 pages are a
      detailed and quite useful reference of the commands and
      statements.  Six appendixes covering advanced topics round out
      this most useful volume.  A quick index to commands, operators,
      and instructions printed on the back cover of the book is a nice
      finishing touch.  For only $20.00, it's a bargain at twice the
      price.  Well, let's not get carried away, but if you're
      programming in Basic-52, this book is indispensible.


5.3)  Miscellaneous documentation on the 8051

   Advanced Micro Devices
       - application notes

   Intel Corporation
       - application notes

   L.S. Electronic Systems Design
       - application notes (source code on diskette and schematics)

   Philips Semiconductors (Signetics)
       - application notes

   Software Science
       - application notes


__________________________________________________________

I disclaim everything.  The contents of this article might be totally
inaccurate, inappropriate, misguided, or otherwise perverse - except for
my name (hopefully I got that right).

Copyright (c) 1997 by Russ Hersch, all rights reserved.
This FAQ may be posted to any USENET newsgroup, on-line service, or BBS
 as long as it is posted in its entirety and includes this copyright
 statement.
This FAQ may not be distributed for financial gain.
This FAQ may not be included in commercial collections or compilations
  without express permission from the author.

-----------------------------------
Russ Hersch - [email protected]

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