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                               The Sloughi
                     Ancient North African Sighthound

Author

  Dominique Crapon de Caprona, Ph.D., Shi'Rayan Sloughis. For further
  information contact [email protected]

  Copyright 1996 by Dominique Crapon de Caprona, Ph.D.

  Revisions:
    * May 1997: article with further comparisons between sighthound
      breeds added.

    _________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents

    * Frequently Asked Questions
    * Origins and History
    * General Appearance
    * Temperament
    * The Sloughi is often confused with other smooth Sighthounds
    * References
    * Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

  _What kind of dog is a Sloughi?_

    The Sloughi belongs to the FCI Group 10 of Sighthounds (which also
    includes the Afghan, Azawakh, Borzoi, Chart Polski, Galgo Espanol,
    Greyhound, Irish Wolfhound, Italian Greyhound, Magyar Agar, Saluki,
    Scottish Deerhound, and Whippet). More precisely it belongs to the
    "sub-population" of lop-eared Sighthounds (together with the
    Afghan, Azawakh, Saluki).

    Although it has been recognized since 1935 internationally by the
    FCI, and is recognized in the USA by most Kennel Clubs, the AKC is
    the only club that has not yet done so and the Sloughi is therefore
    considered to be a "rare breed" in the USA.

    True Sighthounds, Sloughis have excellent vision: they chase on
    sight anything that moves, however far away. Puppies are already
    interested by moving objects, even if it is a leaf in the wind. A
    long distance runner with strong stamina, the Sloughi is a
    tremendous hunter in open spaces. Although the breed hunts mainly
    by sight, it also relies on scent to do so.

  _Where does the Sloughi come from? What were they originally used for?_

    The Sloughi comes from North Africa: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and
    Libya. It is the hound of the Berber and Bedouin. In older times
    Sloughis were used to hunt fennec (desert fox), desert hare,
    gazelle, large mountain gazelle, ostrich, hyena, and jackal.

    Today, it is mainly used to hunt desert fox and hare, rarely
    gazelle, and to protect herds from jackals. In Tunisia, it is said
    that only Sloughis, and crossbreeds that have Sloughi blood, will
    tackle the jackal.

    Like the Saluki, Afghan hound and Azawakh in their respective
    societies, the Sloughi is highly treasured by its North African
    owner.

  _How are Sloughis with people, children and other pets?_

    Sloughis are alert watch dogs. With people they do not know,
    Sloughis are usually aloof and cautious. They take time to warm up
    to strangers allowed to enter the house, and it is best to let the
    Sloughi approach the stranger at its own pace, after it had time to
    observe this person, rather than to force an acquaintance on
    him/her. Bedouins treasure this attitude and have bred their dogs
    accordingly. Just as Sloughis are protective of their household, so
    are often bitches with their whelps. It is best to present puppies
    to their potential new owner in absence of their dam.

    Sloughis which have been raised in kennel situations, with little
    socializing, are typically very shy, nervous, freeze when
    confronted with new situations, and may snap because they are
    scared. However they can be made to adjust, one step at a time, and
    with a lot of patience. Well socialized Sloughis can also be scared
    occasionally, the difference being that they adjust much more
    quickly to the new situation than non-socialized ones, and that
    they often rely on their trust to their owner to do so.

    With its owner, the Sloughi is gentle, affectionate, subtle and
    very loyal. Some Sloughis do not change owners with ease, having
    developed for once and for all a bond with one particular person.
    Such bonds exist also between Sloughis. Sloughis get along well
    with children taught to respect them, and with other pets (dogs,
    cats, parrots).

    Precautions are as follows: do not leave a Sloughi (or any other
    dog) with young children for long period of time unattended,
    children can abuse Sloughis without realizing it, and the dog might
    want at some point to defend itself. A Sloughi which is raised with
    cats will be great in the house with them, but may mistake them for
    game outside, particularly if the cat runs away; some cats attack
    dogs, and can inflict damage to their eyes and face with their
    claws. Similar precautions apply to Sloughis and parrots (the beak
    of large parrots can turn into a dangerous weapon).

    Sloughis are intelligent, and have a great need of freedom. They
    can however be well trained if disciplined fairly, consistently and
    gently, as they are sensitive to anger. Dominant animals need a
    firm hand.

  _How much exercise does a Sloughi need? Are they sensitive to cold?_

    A Sloughi, particularly young dogs, needs a daily run. They are
    good jogging partners. Once a Sloughi has had its exercise, it
    spends most of its time resting in the most comfortable spot,
    observing the household from a distance.

    Regular exercise and being an integrated part of the family are
    prerequisites for a well adjusted Sloughi. Sloughis are intelligent
    and curious. They love to travel and be taken to different places
    with their owner. It is not a good idea to leave a Sloughi to its
    own devices in the yard. A bored Sloughi will typically look for
    its own entertainment, not necessarily close to the house.

    The Sloughi is a hound of the desert. It is unhappy in wet and cold
    surroundings. Although the breed develops a denser coat in winter,
    this is not a breed one should leave outside for extended periods
    of time in cold weather. Sloughis usually enjoy a quick race in the
    snow, before coming back inside to warm up. They love to doze in
    front of the fire-place, or snuggle under the bed blankets.

  _Should one crate Sloughis?_

    Sloughis typically need a lot of space around them. They tense up
    when in a crate for extended periods of time, and do not like it.
    Crates should be used only when house-training, for short periods
    of time for the dog's own protection, or when traveling. Although
    the theory is that a crate mimics a den, no canid stays locked up
    in its den for hours, and there is no reason why a dog should put
    up with endless hours of crating. Most people who have Sloughis
    crate them only when traveling by plane. Some owners use crates to
    give a Sloughi his own private place to relax, but the door remains
    open most of the time, and the dog can go in and out as he pleases.
    If the Sloughi has to be crated, the crate should be as large as
    possible and padded with a mattress or blanket for the Sloughi to
    lie on.

    At shows or coursing events, the best is to keep Sloughis in large
    secure play-pens or on leash. The Sloughi is a watch dog, and even
    the gentlest of Sloughis may become territorial in its play pen and
    defend the area in which he is being kept (play-pen or car). As a
    precaution, always wait for the owner to be there before
    approaching, on your own or with your kids.

  _Are there any special medical problems in the breed? _

    There are today no genetic diseases that are widespread in the
    breed, mainly because breeders in Europe cultivated a large gene
    pool.

    Genetic deficiencies such as deficient immune system, balance
    problems, and hemophilia, occur in inbred lines.

    Isolated cases of myocitic condition (atrophy of the jaw muscles)
    have been reported. Older animals commonly become arthritic. Cancer
    may affect some individuals. No case of torsion, or hip dysplasia,
    is known to the author.

    Like other Sighthounds, the Sloughi is sensitive to anesthetics.

    Under proper conditions the life span of a Sloughi is 12-16 years.

    Although small injuries can make them scream, Sloughis are often
    extremely stoic to more serious pain and do not moan or complain
    unless it becomes excruciating. As a result it is sometimes
    difficult to realize in time that they are seriously ill or
    suffering, and to determine the cause.

    A well socialized Sloughi, with a calm and confident owner, is not
    a problem for a Veterinarian to treat.

    _________________________________________________________________

Origins and History

  The exact origins of the Sloughi date too far back to be completely
  known and remain speculative. Representations of African
  Sighthound-like dogs date back to the 8th-7th millennium BC, and
  Ancient Egypt's artifacts tell us how valuable straight-eared and
  lop-eared smooth Sighthounds were in those days. The lop-eared smooth
  Egyptian Sighthound originated possibly from Asia but was also part of
  tributes to the Pharaohs from Nubia (South of Egypt). This ancient
  hound resembles today's Sloughi, Azawakh, smooth Saluki, and smooth
  Afghan, and it is impossible without any genetic study to know whether
  it was identical with any of these breeds or a breed of its own, or
  whether it was the ancestor of all lop-eared Sighthound breeds.

  In its countries of origin (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), the
  Sloughi is the only dog treated as family and allowed into the tent.
  For the Arab it is a noble animal compared to the other impure local
  dogs or "kelb". This is illustrated by such expressions as "Aada machi
  Kelb; aada Sloughi" or "this is not a dog, this is a Sloughi". In
  these countries, the Sloughi is the only canine bred and selected with
  the same care as an Arabian horse. A Bedouin would go without his own
  blanket to provide his Sloughi with warmth in the cold desert nights.
  Puppies were often breast fed by Bedouin women to help nursing
  bitches. A lost Sloughi was mourned like family. Sloughis were often
  decorated with jewelry and amulets. Their legs are sometimes ritually
  branded by their owner, and the ears are cropped up to prevent them
  from being torn to pieces when hunting jackals.

  Political upheavals disrupted highly sophisticated breeding by leading
  families. Because of a law introduced during French occupation which
  prohibited hunting with sighthounds and resulted in the shooting of
  these dogs on sight, and epidemic rabies, the Sloughi population was
  decimated. In spite of efforts in Europe and North Africa, the Sloughi
  is still not very common and its breeders have an important
  responsibility in the conservation of this ancient breed.
    _________________________________________________________________

General Appearance

  The Sloughi is smooth, lop-eared, tall, leggy and racy, has a noble,
  somewhat melancholic, gentle and sad expression.

 Structure

  The Sloughi is squarish, somewhat higher than long. The top-line
  descends along the neck and straightens along the back. The withers
  are hardly visible and the top-line is almost straight from the base
  of the neck. There is a slight curve over the loin. The croup is bony,
  the brisket is deep but does not reach the elbow. The underline is
  first straight (long sternum) then rising sharply to a well tucked up
  loin. The ribs are flat then slightly rounded to the back, for this
  reason the Sloughi, seen from the front, is more narrow than
  round-ribbed breeds. The musculature is very lean and dry. Sloughis in
  perfect condition have flat, long and tight muscles, one can see their
  hip-bones and their spine-bones in the loin region, as well as the
  last free-floating ribs.

  Shoulders are long and oblique, forearms bony and muscular, wrists
  supple and strong. Thighs are flat and muscular, seconds thighs long
  and well muscled, hock strong and well bent, pastern strong without
  dew claws. Angulation in front and rear is moderate, feet are oval and
  webbed between the toes. In many lightly built Sloughis the feet have
  the shape of a hare-foot. Nails are black or pigmented.

  The tail is in line with the croup, curved at the end and held low, it
  should be thin and long enough to reach the hock.

  The "desert type" Sloughis are more lightly built than "mountain type"
  Sloughis. Dogs, larger than bitches, usually look more strongly built
  and powerful than Salukis and Azawakhs, particularly the "mountain
  type" dogs. Bitches should be feminine, graceful and more refined than
  the dogs.

 Size

  Dogs 25 to 29 inches (66 to 72 cm) at the withers, 30 inches (75 cm)
  common in "mountain type" dogs.

  Bitches 24 to 27 inches (61 to 68 cm)

  Ideally, for a male of 28 inches (70 cm), the length of the body
  should be 26-27 inches (67-68 cm). For a bitch of 26 inches (65 cm)
  the length of the body should be 24-25 inches (62-63 cm)

 Coat

  The coat is very short, dense and soft, the skin is fine and tight

  The coat colors of the Sloughi blend with the North African
  environment: in the desert mainly the color of sand, often with a
  black mask, in rocky or mountainous grassy areas, black mantel or
  often brindle, an advantage to approach prey undetected. Other coat
  colors are all shades from sand to red/fawn with or without black
  markings (black mask, black ears, brindle, black mantel, dark
  overlay). Red fawn with or without mask, and brindle on red with black
  mantel (the darkest coat) are few. Black brindle and red-brindle are
  rare. A small white patch on the chest and few white hairs at the tips
  of the toes are tolerated.

 Head

  The head in profile is long, refined, but rather strong compared to
  other Sighthounds. Seen from above it forms an elongated triangle from
  the broad skull to the tip of the nose. The stop and brows are barely
  pronounced, the muzzle roughly as long as the skull.

  The ears are triangular, moderate in size, and rounded at the tip.
  They hang flat on each side. They can fold in action or when the dog
  is nervous.

  The eyes are amber (topaz) to dark brown, often lined with black, and
  give the dog an often melancholy, sad and distant look. They are
  well-set in their sockets, in some cases not totally open as a result
  of slightly oblique eye-lids.

  The teeth should be strong and white, none should be missing, with a
  scissors or level bite. Some Sloughis have additional pre-molars 1.

 Movement

  Trot: the Sloughi has an effortless and floating gait. There is no
  exaggeration in extension, the front paw does not reach beyond the tip
  of the nose. There is no exaggeration in drive, as a result of the
  moderate rear angulation. The head is held at a moderate angle to the
  body.

  Gallop: Double suspension. Because of its squarish structure and more
  level top-line the Sloughi does not flex its back as much as the
  Greyhound.

 Faults

  Light eyes (light amber); heavy head and body; stop too pronounced;
  bad proportions; bad topline; rounded ribs; not enough tuck; croup too
  oblique, insufficient or too narrow; tail too short, too furnished or
  badly carried; coat hard and coarse.

 Disqualifications

  Ears erect, or with tips drooping forward, ears too long, rose ear.

  Coat half long, feathering on legs or tail

  Extensive white markings, white socks, color not in accordance with
  the standard.

  Overshot or undershot.

  Males should have 2 apparently normal testicles fully descended into
  the scrotum
    _________________________________________________________________

Temperament

  Sloughis are fast and highly efficient hunters. True Sighthounds, they
  have excellent vision: they chase on sight anything that moves,
  however far away. The Sloughi is always on the alert for moving
  objects. Most of the play among Sloughis consists in chasing each
  other. On a walk with a Sloughi off leash, the owner has to learn to
  locate a possible chase object before his dog does, in order to call
  him back in time to prevent the chase (for example when the
  "interesting" object is across a road and cars are driving by).

  A well socialized Sloughi is affectionate, gentle, subtle and very
  loyal to its owner. Sloughis, which have bonded to a particular
  person, do not change ownership easily. With people they do not know,
  Sloughis are aloof and cautious, they usually do not like to be
  touched by strangers unless they have been introduced, gently, by
  their owner. Sloughis are intelligent, curious, and independent. They
  can be well trained if disciplined fairly and gently, as they are
  sensitive to anger. However do not expect from a Sloughi to take to
  training as a Golden Retriever or Border Collie would. Sloughis are
  reliable and alert watch dogs.

  They like children brought up to respect animals, and harmonize well
  with other pets, such as cats, other dogs, and parrots, when raised
  with them. They are sometimes edgy around small dogs which scurry and
  bark a lot. Because Sloughis are tall, they may inadvertently be too
  strong when playing or running around with very small dogs. Sloughis
  develop friendships with cats, however caution is necessary when cat
  and dog are outside. Sometimes a Sloughi will mistake its friend for
  game, particularly if the cat runs away: this behavior invariably
  triggers a chase.

  Sloughis have retained all their basic instincts. Parents of a litter
  often both defend it, as do unrelated adults. Mothers nurture their
  puppies well, bringing food to them when they stop producing milk.
  Sloughis living together establish hierarchies stabilized by subtle
  behavioral rituals. Intentions and moods are displayed by a large
  variety of subtle postures, expressions and sounds. Sloughis dig dens
  when they nurture puppies, to cool off in hot weather, or just for
  fun. They are very good jumpers.

  Sloughis are tough, and even when they suffer intense pain, they
  hardly show it. For this reason, it is sometimes difficult to realize
  in time that a Sloughi is ill and in pain, and to determine the
  reason. They can however be very vocal after small injuries. A well
  socialized Sloughi who bonded to a calm and confident owner is not a
  problem for a veterinarian to treat, even when the treatment is not
  very pleasant. It seems to understand that it is being helped.

  Because of its short coat, the Sloughi is very clean, it has no
  "doggy" odor except when wet. It just loves warmth and comfort, and
  needs protection from wet and cold. Daily exercise is necessary to its
  well being.
    _________________________________________________________________

The Sloughi is often confused with other smooth Sighthounds

  _What are the differences between the Sloughi and the Greyhound?_

    Compared to the Greyhound, the Sloughi is built more on a square
    than a rectangle, it has more tuck, the forehead is larger, the
    ears are longer and drop on each side of the head, instead of being
    folded and pushed back as in the Greyhound. The coat colors of the
    Greyhound vary more than those of the Sloughi, with large
    quantities of white absent in the Sloughi. In well exercised
    individuals, the Greyhound looks much more muscular, the Sloughi
    leaner. Seen from above, the Greyhound is much wider than the
    Sloughi. The Sloughi is slower, averaging 28-31 miles/hour, but has
    more stamina. The racing style of the Sloughi looks more "pulled
    together" as a result of its squarish structure, the Sloughi does
    not flex its back as much as the Greyhound.

  _What are the difference between the Sloughi, the Saluki and the
  Azawakh?_

    _Geographical origin:_
    The Sloughi originates from North Africa (Morocco, Algeria,
    Tunisia, Lybia), the Azawakh from Central Africa (Mali,Cha, Niger
    Burkina-Faso), The Saluki from outside and East of Africa (Saudi
    Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey), the Afghan Hound from Afghanistan. The
    indigenous Salukis of Iran /Irak and the indigenous Tazis of
    Afghanistan as these 3 countries have common borders.

    _Genetic differences:_
    Inherited differences between these 4 breeds are at different
    levels

    1) blood proteins
    According to the comparative studies of K.Bruchm�ller on the blood
    proteins of various Sighthounds and other dogs, these 4 breeds have
    distinct genetic profiles. More specifically, the Sloughi and the
    Azawakh, both African Sighthounds, are the only Sighthound breeds
    to date in which an additional allele B was found on the
    Glucose-Phosphate-Isomerase (GPI) locus. This allele had been found
    otherwise in the fox, the jackal, the coyote, an Italian wolf
    population and a few dog breeds (German Shepherd, poodles, Epagneul
    papillon).

    The Saluki and the Afghan hound were the only Sighthound breeds
    with a third allele C on the Esterases (ES) locus, and the
    Greyhound was the only breed with only allele A, the remaining
    breeds having alleles A & B on that locus. Further, the Afghan
    hound and the Borzoi have an additional allele B on the Tetrazoli
    umoxidase (TO) locus, not seen in the Saluki. The Saluki, the
    Afghan hound and the Borzoi have an additional allele B on the
    Glucose-6-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase (G6pd) locus, whereas the Azawakh,
    Greyhound and Sloughi have only the allele A on that locus. The
    Afghan hound is the only Sighthound examined in this study in which
    only one allele B (no allele A) was found on the Postalbumin 1(Pa1)
    locus. The Greyhound and the Borzoi are the only Sighthounds in
    this study with a third allele C on the Leuciaminopeptidase (Lap)
    locus.

    The blood proteins of the Sloughi and Azawakh are almost identical
    whereas each other breed shows a difference on at least one locus.
    In spite of these differences, the Afghan, Azawakh, Borzoi,
    Greyhound, Saluki and Sloughi all have one thing in common: All
    show alleles A & B on the Postalbumine 3 (Pa3) locus.

    2) coat texture
    Sloughis and Azawakhs are always smooth, Salukis are either smooth
    or feathered, Afghan hounds are long-haired. However, there is a
    variety of smooth Afdghans, not yet recognized by the FCI. Such
    smooths Afghan hounds offered to the French President George
    Pompidou by the king of Afghanistan. Siblings with both kind of
    coats can be found in the Saluki and the Afghan hound, not in the
    Sloughi and the Azawakh. The fact that long-coated show Afghans
    once in a while throw smooth puppies is a reminder that the breed
    still carries that characteristic in its genes.

    3) coat color
    These 4 breeds have been bred in distinct coloration patterns (for
    the sake of consistency I refer here to the FCI standards for these
    4 breeds): The Sloughi is always solid with no extensive white
    markings (a white patch on the chest and few white hair at the tip
    of the toes are overlooked). There are no parti-colored Sloughis,
    i.e no extensive "irish" or "piebald". Colors are all shades of
    light sand to red with or without black mask, black ears, brindle,
    dark overlay and black mantel. The typical colors are
    sand/brindle/black mask or sand black mask. The Saluki is found in
    any color except brindle, the black mask is very rare and not found
    on sand (creme) coats. The Saluki can be parti-colored or white or
    grizzle. Although the brindle is not allowed in the standard of the
    Saluki, some tazis found in Turkey, Iran and Irak are brindle. The
    Azawakh is red or sand, with black mask, dark overlay or brindle.
    It has extensive white markings such as white socks, white blaze,
    white tip of tail, extensive white throat patch. In Africa other
    colors are found which are not recognized by the FCI standard for
    the breed such as parti color and black & white. The Afghan hound
    can be found in all coat colors, with black mask, brindle, black
    ears, black mantel, and grizzle (domino).

    4) structure
    Although there is a certain degree of variation within each breed
    with some overlap in the looks of some individuals of each breed,
    the body proportions, topline, underline and angulations of these
    breeds are different.

    The Azawakh is built on a standing rectangle. The top-line descends
    along the neck, at an angle over the withers, and straightens along
    the back. The hips are slightly higher than, or level with, the
    withers, the croup is bony, the brisket does not reach the elbow,
    the underline is first falling then rising sharply.

    The Sloughi is squarish, slightly higher than long. The top-line
    descends along the neck and straightens along the back. The withers
    are hardly visible and the topline is almost straight from the base
    of the neck. There is a slight curve over the loin. The croup is
    bony, the brisket does not reach the elbow, the underline is first
    straight (long sternum) then rising sharply.

    The Saluki is squarish to slightly rectangular. The top-line
    descends along the neck, at an angle over the withers, and
    straightens along the back. The croup is bony but often more
    rounded than in the previous 2 breeds. The brisket usually reaches
    the elbow, the underline rising evenly from the elbow.

    The long coated Afghan hound is difficult to assess, because of the
    long coat which hides many features of the body structure. In more
    general terms, the Afghan hound is squarish to slighthly
    rectangular with a topline descending along the neck, at an angle
    over the withers and straightening along the back. The croup is
    bony. In smooths, and in dogs with a somewhat longer coat, the few
    pictures available show a brisket which reaches the elbow, the
    underline rising evenly from the elbow.

    Salukis and Afghan hounds are usually more angulated in the rear
    than Sloughis, which are more angulated than the Azawakh. Salukis
    and Afghan hounds usually have larger ears than Azawakhs which
    usually have larger ears than Sloughis. Sloughis, particularly the
    males, have larger and stronger heads than Salukis and Azawakhs.
    Sloughis are usually bigger and look more powerful than either
    Salukis and Azawakhs. Sloughis and Azawakhs are more leggy and
    usually have more tuck than Salukis and Afghan hounds.

    All 4 breeds have a very noble and impressive bearing. The
    expression of the Sloughi is gentle and melancholy, almost sad. The
    expression of the Azawakh's almond-shaped eyes is intense and
    somewhat feral, the expression of the Saluki is thoughtful and
    alert, the expression of the Afghan hound is alert, dignified and
    sometimes haughty.

    5) natural gait The Azawakh has a flashy and springy gait, head and
    tail held high. There is no exageration in extension. As a result
    of its "standing rectangle" structure, the racing style of the
    Azawakh is an upright gallop.

    The Sloughi has a smooth, floating, effortless gait, tail held low,
    head at a moderate angle to the body. There is no exageration in
    extension, the front paw not reaching beyond the tip of the nose.
    This type of gait enables an animal to cover large distances
    without tiring. The racing style resembles more that of the
    greyhound, but looks more pulled together as a result of the
    squarish structure of the Sloughi versus the "lying rectangle"
    structure of the Greyhound. Because of its straighter topline, the
    Sloughi does not flex its back as much as the Greyhound.

    The Saluki has a light and effortless gait, in which the degree of
    reach and drive varies between the extreme extension, front paws
    reaching beyond the tip of the nose, of some modern show dogs, and
    the more moderate gait of the so-called "old fashioned" or "desert
    breds", which resembles more that of the Sloughi. Like in the
    Sloughi the tail is held low and the head is at a normal angle to
    the body.

    The Afghan hound has a stylish, smooth and springy gait. Like in
    the Azawakh the head and tail are held high. Like in the Saluki,
    some modern show Afghans have a longer striding trot than dogs
    imported from their country of origin. The racing style is
    difficult to analyse and compare as it is hampered by the heavy
    coat, and the information is unavailable for the smooth Afghan.

    According to studies which clocked the speed of these 4 breeds on
    oval tracks in Germany, the Sloughi and Saluki are basically
    identical, the Azawakh is slower and the long-coated Afghan hound
    even more, however not excluding the possibility that the smooth
    could be faster than the long-coated Afghan.

    All 4 breeds are good watch dogs, with the Azawakh being probably
    the most protective. All are aloof towards strangers. All are
    excellent hunters. Where they come from, the Sloughi, Azawakh and
    Saluki usually hunt in open spaces (desert or open plains or
    steppe), they also protect sheep and goat herds from jackals
    (Sloughi and Azawakh) or other local wild canids (Saluki in
    Turkey). The long coated Afghan hound was used to hunt in tough
    mountainous terrain, whereas the smooth and somewhat longer coated
    varieties more often hunted in the open plains. All are or were
    highly treasured by their respective societies.

    _________________________________________________________________

References

  The text above includes parts of articles published by the author
  about the Sloughi in "Sighthound Review" (editor Bo Bengtson), "Dog
  World" (editor Donna Marcel), "Field Advisory News" (editor Vicki
  Clark), the "SKC Journal" (States kennel Club) and "The Sloughi"
  (Sloughi Fanciers Association of America).

  FCI Standard 188(Morocco) F�d�ration Cynologique Internationale
  Remarks on the Standard 188 (1994) by D. Crapon de Caprona.

  The Ways of the Desert (1971) by G�n�ral Daumas. This translation into
  English of a French 19th century work mistakenly replaced the original
  word "Sloughi" by "Saluki". University of Texas Press, Austin and
  London, USA

  Variation of Blood Proteins in Race Hounds (1993) by K. Scherer
  (Bruchm�ller), Journal of Veterinary Medicine A 39, Paul Parey
  Scientific Publishers, Berlin and Hamburg, Germany.

  The Sloughi (1995) by the Sloughi Fanciers Association of America, PO
  Box 1202, Wildomar CA 92595, USA

  The "Rare" Sighthound breeds, FCI Group 10 (1995) by D. Crapon de
  Caprona, Field Advisory News, November/December issue, editor Vicki
  Clark, Alpaugh, CA, USA

  Tracking the Sloughi in North Africa (1995), I.& E. Schritt, edited
  and translated by D. Crapon de Caprona Sighthound Review March April,
  May-June issues, editor Bo Bengtson, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

  Sloughi International, magazine, editor E. Schritt, Germany.
    _________________________________________________________________

Resources

 Kennel Clubs which recognize the Sloughi

  Conformation events
         F�d�ration Cynologique Internationale (FCI, Puerto Rico, South
         America, Morocco & Europe), Union Cynologie Internationale
         (UCI)

         USA: UCI- International All Breed Kennel Club of America,
         United Kennel Club (UKC), States Kennel Club (SKC), American
         Rare Breed Association (ARBA) World Wide Kennel Club (WWKC)

         Canada: Southern Ontario Rare Breed Club, Canadian Rare Breed
         Association, Credit Valley Kennel and Obedience Rare Breed
         shows.

  Performance events
         USA/Canada: members of the Sloughi Fanciers Association of
         America have worked together with members of the following
         associations to enable the Sloughi to compete in their events
         (all non-commercial) National Oval Track Racing Association
         (NOTRA), Large Gazehound Racing Association (sprint, LGRA),
         American Sighthound Field Association (lure-coursing, ASFA)
         (miscellaneous stake over 18"), National Open Field Coursing
         Association (open field hunts, NOFCA), North American Coursing
         Association (open field hunts, NACA).

 Contacts

  In the USA, for information about the breed, conformation/performance
  events involving Sloughis, reputable breeders, rescue service,
  quarterly newsletter, contact:

    The Sloughi Fanciers Association of America
    PO Box 1202 Wildomar CA 92595
    909-674-3079
    http://www.sloughi.org
    For fast contact E-Mail to [email protected]

    _________________________________________________________________

  Sloughi FAQ
  Bernd Fritsch, [email protected]
  Copyright 1996 by Dominique Crapon de Caprona, Ph.D.

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