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From: [email protected] (Christopher Lott)
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Subject: The Investment FAQ (part 1 of 19)
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Summary: Answers to frequently asked questions about investments.
        Should be read by anyone who wishes to post to misc.invest.*
Organization: The Investment FAQ publicity department
Keywords: invest, finance, stock, bond, fund, broker, exchange, money, FAQ
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Archive-name: investment-faq/general/part1
Version: $Id: part01,v 1.58 2002/08/14 10:20:04 lott Exp lott $
Compiler: Christopher Lott, lott at invest-faq dot com

This is the table of contents for the plain-text version of
The Investment FAQ, and is the first part of a 19-part posting.
Please visit The Investment FAQ web site for the latest version:
   http://invest-faq.com/

The Investment FAQ is a collection of articles about investments and
personal finance, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, options,
discount brokers, information sources, life insurance, etc.  Although
the FAQ is more of a reference than a tutorial, if you pick your
articles carefully, the FAQ can serve as a comprehensive, unbiased
introduction to investing.


Terms of Use

The following terms and conditions apply to the plain-text version of
The Investment FAQ that is posted regularly to various newsgroups.
Different terms and conditions apply to documents on The Investment
FAQ web site.

The Investment FAQ is copyright 2002 by Christopher Lott, and is
protected by copyright as a collective work and/or compilation,
pursuant to U.S. copyright laws, international conventions, and other
copyright laws.  The contents of The Investment FAQ are intended for
personal use, not for sale or other commercial redistribution.
The plain-text version of The Investment FAQ may be copied, stored,
made available on web sites, or distributed on electronic media
provided the following conditions are met:
   + The URL of The Investment FAQ home page is displayed prominently.
   + No fees or compensation are charged for this information,
     excluding charges for the media used to distribute it.
   + No advertisements appear on the same web page as this material.
   + Proper attribution is given to the authors of individual articles.
   + This copyright notice is included intact.


Disclaimers

Neither the compiler of nor contributors to The Investment FAQ make
any express or implied warranties (including, without limitation, any
warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or
use) regarding the information supplied.  The Investment FAQ is
provided to the user "as is".  Neither the compiler nor contributors
warrant that The Investment FAQ will be error free. Neither the
compiler nor contributors will be liable to any user or anyone else
for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in The
Investment FAQ or for any damages (whether direct or indirect,
consequential, punitive or exemplary) resulting therefrom.

Rules, regulations, laws, conditions, rates, and such information
discussed in this FAQ all change quite rapidly.  Information given
here was current at the time of writing but is almost guaranteed to be
out of date by the time you read it.  Mention of a product does not
constitute an endorsement. Answers to questions sometimes rely on
information given in other answers.  Readers outside the USA can reach
US-800 telephone numbers, for a charge, using a service such as MCI's
Call USA.  All prices are listed in US dollars unless otherwise
specified.

Availability of the FAQ

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       http://invest-faq.com/
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       site: rtfm.mit.edu
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       misc.invest.mutual-funds, misc.invest.technical, misc.invest.options,
       and the moderated groups misc.answers & news.answers.

Please send comments and new submissions to the compiler.

--------------------Check http://invest-faq.com/ for updates------------------

TABLE OF CONTENTS

   Advice - Beginning Investors                                      part 2
   Advice - Buying a Car at a Reasonable Price                       part 2
   Advice - Errors in Investing                                      part 2
   Advice - Using a Full-Service Broker                              part 2
   Advice - One-Line Wisdom                                          part 2
   Advice - Paying for Investment Advice                             part 2
   Advice - Researching a Company                                    part 2
   Advice - Target Stock Prices                                      part 2
   Analysis - Annual Reports                                         part 2
   Analysis - Beta and Alpha                                         part 2
   Analysis - Book-to-Bill Ratio                                     part 2
   Analysis - Book Value                                             part 2
   Analysis - Computing Compound Return                              part 2
   Analysis - Future and Present Value of Money                      part 2
   Analysis - Goodwill                                               part 2
   Analysis - Internal Rate of Return (IRR)                          part 2
   Analysis - Paying Debts Early versus Making Investments           part 3
   Analysis - Price-Earnings (P/E) Ratio                             part 3
   Analysis - Risks of Investments                                   part 3
   Analysis - Return on Equity versus Return on Capital              part 3
   Analysis - Rule of 72                                             part 3
   Analysis - Same-Store Sales                                       part 3
   Bonds - Basics                                                    part 3
   Bonds - Amortizing Premium                                        part 3
   Bonds - Duration Measure                                          part 3
   Bonds - Moody Bond Ratings                                        part 3
   Bonds - Municipal Bond Terminology                                part 3
   Bonds - Relationship of Price and Interest Rate                   part 3
   Bonds - Tranches                                                  part 3
   Bonds - Treasury Debt Instruments                                 part 4
   Bonds - Treasury Direct                                           part 4
   Bonds - U.S.  Savings Bonds                                       part 4
   Bonds - U.S.  Savings Bonds for Education                         part 4
   Bonds - Value of U.S.  Treasury Bills                             part 4
   Bonds - Zero-Coupon                                               part 4
   Derivatives - Basics                                              part 4
   Derivatives - Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model                  part 4
   Derivatives - Futures                                             part 4
   Derivatives - Futures and Fair Value                              part 4
   Derivatives - Stock Option Basics                                 part 5
   Derivatives - Stock Option Covered Calls                          part 5
   Derivatives - Stock Option Covered Puts                           part 5
   Derivatives - Stock Option Ordering                               part 5
   Derivatives - Stock Option Splits                                 part 5
   Derivatives - Stock Option Symbols                                part 5
   Derivatives - LEAPs                                               part 5
   Exchanges - The American Stock Exchange                           part 5
   Exchanges - The Chicago Board Options Exchange                    part 5
   Exchanges - Circuit Breakers, Curbs, and Other Trading            part 5
   Exchanges - Contact Information                                   part 5
   Exchanges - Instinet                                              part 5
   Exchanges - Market Makers and Specialists                         part 5
   Exchanges - The NASDAQ                                            part 5
   Exchanges - The New York Stock Exchange                           part 5
   Exchanges - Members and Seats on AMEX                             part 5
   Exchanges - Ticker Tape Terminology                               part 6
   Financial Planning - Basics                                       part 6
   Financial Planning - Choosing a Financial Planner                 part 6
   Financial Planning - Compensation and Conflicts of Interest       part 6
   Financial Planning - Estate Planning Checkup                      part 6
   Information Sources - Books                                       part 6
   Information Sources - Conference Calls                            part 7
   Information Sources - Free to All Who Ask                         part 7
   Information Sources - Investment Associations                     part 7
   Information Sources - Value Line                                  part 7
   Information Sources - Wall $treet Week                            part 7
   Insurance - Annuities                                             part 7
   Insurance - Life                                                  part 7
   Insurance - Viatical Settlements                                  part 7
   Insurance - Variable Universal Life (VUL)                         part 8
   Mutual Funds - Basics                                             part 8
   Mutual Funds - Average Annual Return                              part 8
   Mutual Funds - Buying from Brokers versus Fund Companies          part 8
   Mutual Funds - Distributions and Tax Implications                 part 8
   Mutual Funds - Fees and Expenses                                  part 8
   Mutual Funds - Index Funds and Beating the Market                 part 8
   Mutual Funds - Money-Market Funds                                 part 8
   Mutual Funds - Reading a Prospectus                               part 8
   Mutual Funds - Redemptions                                        part 8
   Mutual Funds - Types of Funds                                     part 8
   Mutual Funds - Versus Stocks                                      part 9
   Real Estate - 12 Steps to Buying a Home                           part 9
   Real Estate - Investment Trusts (REITs)                           part 9
   Real Estate - Renting versus Buying a Home                        part 9
   Regulation - Accredited Investor                                  part 9
   Regulation - Full Disclosure                                      part 9
   Regulation - Money-Supply Measures M1, M2, and M3                 part 9
   Regulation - Federal Reserve and Interest Rates                   part 9
   Regulation - Margin Requirements                                  part 9
   Regulation - Securities and Exchange Commission (U.S.)            part 9
   Regulation - SEC Rule 144                                         part 9
   Regulation - SEC Registered Advisory Service                      part 9
   Regulation - SEC/NASDAQ Settlement                                part 9
   Regulation - Series of Examinations/Registrations                 part 9
   Regulation - SIPC, or How to Survive a Bankrupt Broker            part 10
   Retirement Plans - 401(k)                                         part 10
   Retirement Plans - 403(b)                                         part 10
   Retirement Plans - Education IRA                                  part 10
   Retirement Plans - Co-mingling funds in IRA accounts              part 10
   Retirement Plans - Keogh                                          part 10
   Retirement Plans - Roth IRA                                       part 10
   Retirement Plans - SEP-IRA                                        part 10
   Retirement Plans - Traditional IRA                                part 11
   Software - Archive of Free Investment-Related Programs            part 11
   Software - Portfolio Tracking and Technical Analysis              part 11
   Stocks - Basics                                                   part 11
   Stocks - American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)                      part 11
   Stocks - Cyclicals                                                part 11
   Stocks - Dividends                                                part 11
   Stocks - Dramatic Price Changes                                   part 11
   Stocks - Holding Company Depositary Recepits (HOLDRs)             part 11
   Stocks - Income and Royalty Trusts                                part 11
   Stocks - Types of Indexes                                         part 11
   Stocks - The Dow Jones Industrial Average                         part 12
   Stocks - Other Indexes                                            part 12
   Stocks - Investor Rights Movement                                 part 12
   Stocks - Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)                          part 12
   Stocks - Mergers                                                  part 12
   Stocks - Market Capitalization                                    part 12
   Stocks - Outstanding Shares and Float                             part 12
   Stocks - Preferred Shares                                         part 12
   Stocks - Price Basis                                              part 12
   Stocks - Price Tables in Newspapers                               part 12
   Stocks - Price Data                                               part 12
   Stocks - Replacing Lost Certificates                              part 12
   Stocks - Repurchasing by Companies                                part 12
   Stocks - Researching the Value of Old Certificates                part 12
   Stocks - Reverse Mergers                                          part 13
   Stocks - Shareholder Rights Plan                                  part 13
   Stocks - Splits                                                   part 13
   Stocks - Tracking Stock                                           part 13
   Stocks - Unit Investment Trusts and SPDRs                         part 13
   Stocks - Warrants                                                 part 13
   Strategy - Dogs of the Dow                                        part 13
   Strategy - Dollar Cost and Value Averaging                        part 13
   Strategy - Hedging                                                part 13
   Strategy - Buying on Margin                                       part 13
   Strategy - Offshore Holdings                                      part 13
   Strategy - Writing Put Options To Acquire Stock                   part 13
   Strategy - Socially Responsible Investing                         part 13
   Strategy - When to Buy/Sell Stocks                                part 13
   Strategy - Survey of Stock Investment Strategies                  part 14
   Strategy - Value and Growth                                       part 14
   Tax Code - Backup Withholding                                     part 14
   Tax Code - Capital Gains Cost Basis                               part 14
   Tax Code - Capital Gains Computation                              part 14
   Tax Code - Capital Gains Tax Rates                                part 14
   Tax Code - Cashless Option Exercise                               part 14
   Tax Code - Deductions for Investors                               part 14
   aSubject: Tax Code - Estate and Gift Tax                          part 14
   Tax Code - Gifts of Stock                                         part 14
   Tax Code - Non-Resident Aliens and US Holdings                    part 15
   Tax Code - Reporting Option Trades                                part 15
   Tax Code - Short Sales Treatment                                  part 15
   Tax Code - Tax Swaps                                              part 15
   Tax Code - Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA)                     part 15
   Tax Code - Wash Sale Rule                                         part 15
   Technical Analysis - Basics                                       part 15
   Technical Analysis - Bollinger Bands                              part 15
   Technical Analysis - Black-Scholes Model                          part 15
   Technical Analysis - Commodity Channel Index                      part 15
   Technical Analysis - Charting Services                            part 15
   Technical Analysis - Data Sources                                 part 15
   Technical Analysis - Elliott Wave Theory                          part 15
   Technical Analysis - Information Sources                          part 16
   Technical Analysis - MACD                                         part 16
   Technical Analysis - McClellan Oscillator and Summation Index     part 16
   Technical Analysis - On Balance Volume                            part 16
   Technical Analysis - Relative Strength Indicator                  part 16
   Technical Analysis - Stochastics                                  part 16
   Trading - Basics                                                  part 16
   Trading - After Hours                                             part 16
   Trading - Bid, Offer, and Spread                                  part 16
   Trading - Brokerage Account Types                                 part 16
   Trading - Discount Brokers                                        part 16
   Trading - Direct Investing and DRIPs                              part 17
   Trading - Electronically and via the Internet                     part 17
   Trading - Free Ride Rules                                         part 17
   Trading - By Insiders                                             part 17
   Trading - Introducing Broker                                      part 17
   Trading - Jargon and Terminology                                  part 17
   Trading - NASD Public Disclosure Hotline                          part 17
   Trading - Buy and Sell Stock Without a Broker                     part 17
   Trading - Non-Resident Aliens and US Exchanges                    part 17
   Trading - Off Exchange                                            part 17
   Trading - Opening Prices                                          part 17
   Trading - Order Routing and Payment for Order Flow                part 18
   Trading - Day, GTC, Limit, and Stop-Loss Orders                   part 18
   Trading - Pink Sheet Stocks                                       part 18
   Trading - Price Improvement                                       part 18
   Trading - Process Date                                            part 18
   Trading - Round Lots of Shares                                    part 18
   Trading - Security Identification Systems                         part 18
   Trading - Shorting Stocks                                         part 18
   Trading - Shorting Against the Box                                part 18
   Trading - Size of the Market                                      part 18
   Trading - Tick, Up Tick, and Down Tick                            part 18
   Trading - Transferring an Account                                 part 18
   Trading - Can You Trust The Tape?                                 part 19
   Trading - Selling Worthless Shares                                part 19
   Trivia - Bull and Bear Lore                                       part 19
   Trivia - Presidential Portraits on U.S.  Notes                    part 19
   Trivia - Getting Rich Quickly                                     part 19
   Trivia - One-Letter Ticker Symbols on NYSE                        part 19
   Trivia - Stock Prices in Sixteenths                               part 19
   Warning - Advertisement in the misc.invest.* groups               part 19
   Warning - Wade Cook                                               part 19
   Warning - Charles Givens                                          part 19
   Warning - Dave Rhodes and Other Chain Letters                     part 19
   Warning - Ken Roberts                                             part 19
   Warning - Selling Unregistered Securities                         part 19

--------------------Check http://invest-faq.com/ for updates------------------

Compiler's Acknowledgements:
My sincere thanks to the many contributors for their efforts.

Compilation Copyright (c) 2002 by Christopher Lott.