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Newsgroups: alt.image.medical,comp.protocols.dicom,sci.data.formats,alt.answers,comp.answers,sci.answers,news.answers
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Expires: 21 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT
Subject: Medical Image Format FAQ, Part 8/8
From: [email protected] (David A. Clunie)
Followup-To: alt.image.medical
Reply-To: [email protected] (David A. Clunie)
Approved: [email protected]
Summary: This posting contains answers to the most Frequently Asked
Question on alt.image.medical - how do I convert from image
format X from vendor Y to something I can use ? In addition
it contains information about various standard formats.
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Date: Sun, 21 Dec 2003 14:16:59 GMT
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Archive-name: medical-image-faq/part8
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: Sun Dec 21 09:16:59 EST 2003
Version: 4.26

7.7 DICOM Information Sources

- AdobePhotoshop Plugins (Public Domain) for ACR/NEMA import (works with
NIH Image also):

- Note that NIH Image now imports DICOM images natively -
http://www.dclunie.com/dicom-plugin/

- Handles Part 10 and old ACR/NEMA or SPI 8 or 16 bit
grayscale.

- Frank Owen's ACR/NEMA Plugin for NIH Image (works with
photoshop):

-
ftp://zippy.nimh.nih.gov/pub/nih-image/plug-ins/ACRNema.hqx
-
ftp://mirror.apple.com/mirrors/Info-Mac.Archive/gst/grf/pshp/acr-nema-121.hqx
-
ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/mac/info-mac/gst/grf/pshp/acr-nema-121.hqx

- Other NIH Image stuff:

-
ftp://zippy.nimh.nih.gov/pub/nih-image/user-macros/import_acr_nema.txt

- AVS Module for ACR/NEMA import (works with SPI images):

-
ftp://testavs.ncsc.org/avs/AVS5/Module_Src/data_input/read_acr_nema/

- CEN TC251 WG4 (European parallel of DICOM):

- http://www.ehto.be/cen251w4

- Aycan Digitalsysteme GmbH DICOM Consulting, Integration, Validation:

DICOM
server,archive,teleradiology,view,,diagnostic,printing,remote
expose

Stephan Popp Panormaweg 12 D-97318 Kitzingen phone +49 9321
245-49 fax +49 9321 245-15 http://www.aycan.de/

- DICOM Anonymizers - removing identifying information:

- DICOM Conversion Tools - dccp utility with -r or -d - DICOM
software - AccuImage Viewing and Network - DICOM software - Sante

- DICOM Cardiac Angio CD Viewers:

- Papyrus and Osiris - DICOM QuickTime plugin - DICOM software -
CarDiCon Viewer and AVI Convertor cardiac profile viewer - DICOM
software - MacAngioView DICOM Cine-angiogram Viewer (Mac) - DICOM
software - FP Image DICOM Cine-angiogram Viewer (Windows) - DICOM
software - ComView DICOM Cine-angiogram (CD-R) Viewer (Windows) -
DICOM software - CardioVista DICOM Cine-angiogram (CD-R) Viewer
(Windows) - DICOM software - Sanders DICOM Cine-angiogram (CD-R)
Viewer (ViewPlus for Windows)

- DICOM Compatability Analysis Form:

- http://www.ecri.org/documents/dicom.pdf - from ECRI

- DICOM Conversion Tools - dicom3tools:

- dicom3tools_*.tar.gz

- http://www.dclunie.com/dicom3tools.html

- Tools and libraries for handling offline files. - Conversion
from proprietary formats (mostly in the older version of the
tools). - Can handle older ACR/NEMA format data. - Can handle
SPI. - VERY limited X display capability. - No DICOM
networking (yet). -Features (of the workinprogress snapshot
code)

-Proprietary image conversions from ...

-General Electric CT High Speed Advantage
(Genesis) -General Electric MR Signa 5X
(Genesis) -General Electric Advantage Windows
-General Electric CT Pace -Siemens CT Somatom
Plus family (Native)(incomplete) -Imatron CT
(incomplete) -Shimadzu MR (incomplete)

-Image format support ...

-DICOM 3 offline file format as per Part 10.
-Parsing/validating DICOM 3 data sets as modules
and IODs. -Build/dump DICOMDIR. -Pbmplus
extended 16 bit raw format. -Raw binary images.

-Display support ...

-Generic X Windows display of DICOM images

- Multi-frame (not as cine though) -
Colour (palette and rgb) - Greyscale
(window level/width for > 8 bits) - 3D
position reporting if attributes present

-Features (of the old code):

-Proprietary image conversions from ...

-General Electric CT 9800 -General Electric CT
High Speed Advantage (Genesis) -General Electric
MR Signa 3X/4X -General Electric MR Signa 5X
(Genesis) -General Electric CT Sytec -General
Electric CT Pace -General Electric MR Max

-Siemens CT Somatom DR family -Siemens CT
Somatom Plus family (SPI) -Siemens MR Magnetom
Impact (SPI) -Siemens MR Magnetom SP (SPI)
-Siemens MR Magnetom GBS/GBS2 (native) -Siemens
MR Magnetom Vision (native,SPI)

-Philips MR Gyroscan S15 (native,SPI)

-Image format support ...

-DICOM 3 offline file format as per Part 10.
-Parsing/validating DICOM 3 data sets as modules
and IODs. -Pbmplus extended 16 bit raw format.
-Raw binary images.

-Archive retrieval from ...

-General purpose 9-track and DAT file
extraction. -General Electric CT 9800 9-track.
-General Electric Genesis DAT. -Philips
Gyroscan MR S15 native format (ANSI format
tapes).

-Miscellaneous image format utilities ...

-Dump (octal/hex/decimal/byte/short/long/ieee
float/strings). -Patch. -Swap bytes. -Word to
byte shift. -Extract 12 bit packed data.
-Guess unknown byte order, sign, image matrix
size and offset. -Window level/width -Vax VMS
DUMP output to binary (poor man's uudecode).

- DICOM Conformance Statement sites:

- DICOM Conformance Statement - AccuImage.
http://www.accuimage.com/support_dicom.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Acuson.
http://www.acuson.com/dicom/dicomconf.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - ADAC Pegasys.
http://www.adaclabs.com/
http://www.adaclabs.com/general/pdf/pegX_conformance.pdf

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Agfa - See also Agfa.
http://www.agfa.com/healthcare/ PACS and Printers

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Algotec.
http://www.algotec.com/web/dicom/index.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - ALI/McKesson - See also ALI.
http://www.alitech.com/products/dicom.htm UltraPACS

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Amicas.
http://www.amicas.com/pacsed/

- DICOM Conformance Statement - ATL.
http://www.atl.com/atlproducts/products/conn.asp
http://www4.medical.philips.com/CustomerCare/connDICOMconform.asp

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Aycan - See also Aycan
Digitalsysteme GmbH
http://www.aycan.de/confstat.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Bayer Medical Solutions.
http://www.bms-austria.com/

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Brit Systems.
http://www.brit.com/dicom.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Canon.
http://www.usa.canon.com/html/industrial_medeq/drs.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Cedara.
http://www.cedara.com/services/dicom_conformance_statements.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Cerner.
http://www.cerner.com/uploadedFiles/DICOM_conformance.pdf
ProVision PACS.

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Dejarnette.
http://www.dejarnette.com/main/DICOMconformance.asp

- DICOM Conformance Statement - DR Systems.
http://www.dominator.com/s_standards.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - eMed.
http://www.emed.com/resources/standards.php

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Esaote.
http://www.esaote.com/products/MRI/statements/statements.htm
Artoscan extremity MRI.
http://www.esaote.com/products/ultrasound/statements/confstat.htm
Ultrasound PACS.
- DICOM Conformance Statement - Fuji.
http://www.fujimed.com/medical/syn_dicom.asp Synapse
PACS.

- DICOM Conformance Statement - General Electric.
http://www.gemedicalsystems.com/it_solutions/connectivity/dst.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - HeartLab.
http://www.heartlab.com/dicom_conformance.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Hologic.
http://www.hologic.com/service/dicomhl7-specs.shtml

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Hitachi.
http://www.hitachimed.com/products/conformance.asp

- DICOM Conformance Statement - IBM IDMR - Integrated Digital
Medical Record.
http://www.haifa.il.ibm.com/projects/software/idmr/conform.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Image Devices.
http://www.imagedev.com/englisch/downloads.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - IMCO-TECH.
http://www.imco-tech.com/confstmt.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Intuitive Imaging Informatics.
http://www.intuitiveimaging.com/documentation.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Kodak.
http://www.kodak.com/US/en/health/serviceAndSupport/dicom.jhtml

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Konica.
http://www.konicamedical.com/KMI/products/conformance.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Medcon.
http://www.medcon.co.il/dicom.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - MedImage.
http://www.medimage.com/web/DICOM%20Statements/default.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Medweb.
http://www.medweb.com/html/conformance.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Merge.
http://www.merge.com/helpcenter/onlinesupport.asp

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Mitra.
http://www.mitra.com/technology/conformance.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - PACSGear paper document scanning
into DICOM Secondary Capture images.
http://www.pacsgear.com/dicom.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Philips.
http://www.medical.philips.com/main/company/connectivity/

- DICOM Conformance Statement -Prowess.
http://www.prowess.com/ Apex Server (RT)

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Rasna Imaging.
http://www.rasnaimaging.com/dicom.htm Perceptive.

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Rogan.
http://www.rogan-medical.com/

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Sectra.
http://www.sectra.se/medical/pacs/products/dicom_conformance/index.html

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Sensor Systems.
http://www.sensor.com/

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Siemens.
http://www.SiemensMedical.com/DICOM

- DICOM Conformance Statement - SoftMedical.
http://www.softmedical.com/docs/dicomagent.pdf

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Stentor.
http://www.stentor.com/Tech_DICOMConformance.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - StorComm.
http://www.storcomm.com/Products/IntegrationSolutions/DICOMIntegration.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - SwissRay.
http://www.swissray.com/

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Tiani.
http://www.tiani.com/IHE/

- DICOM Conformance Statement - Toshiba.
http://medical.toshiba.com/services/dicomconformancestatements.htm

- DICOM Conformance Statement - UCDMC.
http://www-radiology.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/MCONF.html
http://www-radiology.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/pacs.html

- DICOM Consulting

- Lake Griffin DICOM Training and Consulting (Europe) -
Laufenberg Consulting DICOM Consulting - Merge Technologies Inc
DICOM Solutions,Testing,Training,Consulting (USA and Europe) -
Otech Inc. DICOM News, Education and Consulting - Pulse
Consulting DICOM Consulting - Medigration GmbH DICOM Consulting -
Aycan Digitalsysteme GmbH DICOM Consulting - Logisys DICOM
Consulting - DVS Consulting DICOM Training and Consulting - Multi
Tech DICOM Solutions, Consulting, Toolkits, Training and HIS
Interface

- DICOM C# Software (tools and applications):

- DICOM software - YourDICOM C# Toolkit and Applications

- DICOM data dictionary:

- From NIH ftp://zippy.nimh.nih.gov/pub/nih-image

- /documents/dicom-dict.txt

- In dicom3tools_*.tar.gz

- http://www.dclunie.com/dicom3tools.html

- In PixelMed Java DICOM Toolkit

- DICOM software - PixelMed Java DICOM Toolkit

- DICOM draft standards and working documents:

- DICOM standards at NEMA:

- http://medical.nema.org/dicom.html -
http://medical.nema.org/dicom/ -
ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/ - Publically
accessible directories:

- ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/2000/ 2000
Standard. -
ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/1999/ 1999
Standard. -
ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/1998/ 1998
Standard. -
ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/cp/ Correction
proposals. -
ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/supps/ Ballot,
comment and working drafts of supplements. -
ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/final/ Final
text of supplements and corrections not yet
incorporated in most recent standard.

- DICOM draft status and links to latest drafts:
See DICOM Standard Status.
- DICOM draft status in Japanese:
See http://www.jfcr.or.jp/DICOM/dicom_draft-j.html.

- DICOM discussion and working group sites:

- http://www.dicomwg12.org/ DICOM WG 12 (Ultrasound)

- DICOM File Editors:

- DICOM software - Marianne Goeltl-Schuberth's DicomEdit viewer
and dataset editor (Windows)

- DICOM Education

- Lake Griffin DICOM Training and Consulting (Europe) - Merge
Technologies Inc DICOM Solutions,Testing,Training,Consulting (USA
and Europe) - Otech Inc. DICOM News, Education and Consulting -
Medigration GmbH DICOM Education - http://www.genisis.ch/
University of Geneva - PACS Course - DVS Consulting DICOM
Training and Consulting - Multi Tech DICOM Solutions, Consulting,
Toolkits, Training and HIS Interface

- DICOM FAQ
See DICOM FAQ in Part 7.

- DICOM File Convertors and Viewers:

- See also http://www.idoimaging.com/index.shtml index of free
medical imaging software - AdobePhotoshop Plugins (Public Domain)
for ACR/NEMA import - ALI WinVIEW - Alice - ImportACCESS Adobe
Photoshop Plugin - dicom3tools - DICOM software - PixelMed Java
DICOM Toolkit - Dr Razz - Evergreen Technologies - IMNET Systems
- InterFormat - Medical Imaging Technology Associates - MultiView
- Papyrus and Osiris - SiteView - UMAB Image Net (Windows) -
VisPoint - DICOM software - Sébastien Barré's
dicom2 convertor/viewer - DICOM software - George Grevera's DICOM
to PGM and TIFF convertor - DICOM software - University Hospital
Graz PACSview - LinoMedHiPax - DICOM software - EncoMate -
RuboMed DICOM Viewer - DICOM software - EViewBox DICOM Viewer
(Java) - DICOM software - Chili Teleradiology - DICOM software -
Mediface - DICOM software - AccuImage Viewing and Network - DICOM
software - Colin Rhodes DICOM Tag Viewer for Windows - DICOM
resources - Chris Rorden ezDicom and MRIcro Viewer - ANALYZE from
other format convertors including DICOM - DICOM QuickTime plugin
- DICOM software - GMATEK - DICOM software - Tomovision - DICOM
software - eFilm - IrfanView Windows viewer supports general and
DICOM formats - GammaPC Nuclear Medicine display and processing
includes DICOM reader - DICOM software - XMedCon DICOM (and other
format) convertor/viewer - DICOM software - RAIM Java DICOM image
viewer - Radiological Analysis Tool 3D viewer (DICOM
files,MPR,MIP) - DICOM software - CarDiCon Viewer and AVI
Convertor cardiac profile viewer - DICOM software - TrueView
DICOM Viewer and Delphi Component - DICOM software - MacAngioView
DICOM Cine-angiogram Viewer (Mac) - DICOM software - FP Image
DICOM Cine-angiogram Viewer and File Browser (Windows) - DICOM
software - ComView DICOM Cine-angiogram (CD-R) Viewer (Windows) -
DICOM software - Marianne Goeltl-Schuberth's DicomEdit viewer and
dataset editor (Windows) - DICOM software - MedicView Windows
Nuclear Medicine acquisiton and processing software - DICOM
software - Imread Java DICOM Viewer - DICOM software - reViewMD
Pocket PC DICOM Viewer - DICOM software - Sante Viewer and
Anonymizer - DICOM software - CardioVista DICOM Cine-angiogram
(CD-R) Viewer (Windows) - DICOM software - Sanders DICOM
Cine-angiogram (CD-R) Viewer (ViewPlus for Windows) - DICOM
software - DicomWorks DICOM view, export, make CD (Windows) -
DICOM software - MRIConvert converts DICOM files to
SPM99/Analyze, BrainVoyager, and MetaImage volume formats
(Windows) - DICOM software - YourDICOM C++ and C# toolkits and
various applications based on them (Windows) - DICOM Software -
Escape Quicktime-based Viewer and 4th Dimension RDBMS support
(Mac and Windows) - DICOM software - iRad Mac OS X DICOM Viewer -
DICOM software - Madena DICOM image viewing, processing and
fusion (Mac) - DICOM software - UniPACS Free DICOM viewer

- DICOM image samples:

- ftp://wuerlim.wustl.edu/pub/dicom/images/version3 Relatively
old RSNA test images -
http://www.erl.wustl.edu/mesa/software/mesa_distribution.html IHE
MESA test tool with images -
http://www.erl.wustl.edu/mesa/software/consistency/index.html IHE
Display Consistency test cases -
ftp://ftp-wjq.philips.com/medical/interoperability/out/Medical_Images/
Samples from various Philips modality products -
http://medical.barre.nom.fr/samples/ Various modality images
encoded in different transfer syntaxes -
http://www.rubomed.com/dicomfiles/index.html Cardiac angio -
ftp://www.expasy.ch/pub/Osiris/Images/ImagesDicom/ Osiris -
http://imrad.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/UCDMC/GE_MRI_CT_TestFiles/ UCDMC -
http://deckard.mc.duke.edu/~samei/tg18#_DOWNLOAD_THE_TG18 AAPM
TG18 display test patterns in DICOM format -
http://www.dclunie.com/images/charset/ Test images with
internationalized character sets -
http://www.dclunie.com/images/compressed/ Deflate transfer syntax
tests - ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/MRMultiframe/
Enhanced MR Multiframe test objects -
ftp://medical.nema.org/MEDICAL/Dicom/DataSets/WG12 Ultrasound
product disk exchange test images -
ftp://medical.nema.org/MEDICAL/Dicom/DataSets/WG04 Compression
working group test images (uncompressed, JPEG, JPEG-LS and J2K -
http://www.leadtools.com/SDK/Medical/DICOM/ltdc19.htm Sample
images at LeadTools site -
ftp://dicom.offis.uni-oldenburg.de/pub/dicom/images Copies of the
CAR and NEMA demonstration CDs

- DICOM Interfile Conversion Software - IDICON:

- http://www.inf.u-szeged.hu/~idicon/ IDICON

- DICOM to Information System integration contacts:

Rasna DICOM IS Integration. http http://www.rasnaimaging.com/

Mitra DICOM IS Integration. http
http://www.mitra.com/pacsbroker.html

Philips Inturis. http
http://www.philips.com/ms/solution/connect/index.htm

Multi Tech DICOM Solutions, Consulting, Toolkits, Training and
HIS Interface

- DICOM Japan:

- http://www.jfcr.or.jp/DICOM/ JIRA and JIS at The Cancer
Institute, Tokyo

- DICOM Java Software (tools and applications):

- DICOM software - EViewBox - DICOM software - Z Medical - DICOM
software - Softlink Java DICOM Toolkit - DICOM software - Laurel
Bridge Java DICOM Toolkit - DICOM software - Softcopy
Presentation State Demonstration - DICOM software - RAIM Java
DICOM image viewer - DICOM software - JDicom Java DICOM tools
from Tiani - DICOM software - CareOn Java DICOM Toolkit (DICOMIX)
- DICOM software - Imread Java DICOM Viewer - DICOM software -
Tiani Java Image Archive Application - DICOM software - Apteryx
Java DICOM Image I/O Plugin - DICOM software - JiveX Java Image
Distribution and Viewing - DICOM software - PixelMed Java DICOM
Toolkit Free pure Java tools with source code - DICOM software -
JDCM Java DICOM Toolkit Free pure Java toolkit

- DICOM Media - NT Drivers for Unpartitioned Media:

- DICOM specifies the use of unpartitioned (large floppy) rather
than partitioned
(removable hard drive) DOS FAT 16 file systems on MOD, and
Windows NT doesn't
handle these at all, so a third party
driver is required.
- http://www.simplyfile.com/non.htm SimplyFile driver

- DICOM Packet Sniffers (tools for capturing DICOM packets on network)

- http://www.dclunie.com/dicom-tcpdump/ Patches to make tcpdump
DICOM aware - ftp://wuerlim.wustl.edu/pub/dicom/ dcm_snoop in
Mallinckrodt CTN kit -
http://imrad.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/DevelopersCut/dicomwhif/ dicomwhif
from UCDMC - http://www.merge.com// DICOM packet sniffer from
Merge (commericial)

- DICOM Papers:

- http://constitution.mit.edu/dicomdb.html - white paper on DICOM
and databases -
http://www.rz.uni-hildesheim.de/~jost0073/dicom/dicom8.htm -
DICOM Part 8 Seminar (German language) -
http://www.uni-mainz.de/Cardio/incis/abstract/s4_3.htm - Making
DICOM work in the Netherlands: INFOMED2 -
http://www.uni-mainz.de/Cardio/incis/abstract/s1_4.htm - Status
of implementation of DICOM in cardiac imaging systems -
http://oasis.rad.upenn.edu/~grevera/papers/spie/mi96/www/paper.html
- A WWW to DICOM Interface -
http://oasis.rad.upenn.edu/~grevera/papers/spie/mi96/gi/paper.html
- Implementing desktop image access of GI images -
http://www.kard.akh-wien.ac.at/cic95/papers/164.Alcocer.txt - A
DICOM implementation for cine-angiography images using image
compression techniques -
http://stekt.oulu.fi/~sjs/europacs94.html - An evaluation of
DICOM-3 implementation experiences -
http://www.cvc.uab.es/~craig/dicom/oo-dicom.htm - Object-oriented
Design of the DICOM Standard -
http://www.otechimg.com/publications/presentations/html/spie.htm
- DICOM Image Display Consistency: A Test Environment -
http://physicsgate.swmed.edu/PhysWeb/dicom.htm The DICOM-WWW
gateway: implementation, configuration, security and privacy -
http://ltswww.epfl.ch/~thiran/publications/neri_thiran_ieee_itb1998.pdf
Interactive DICOM Image Transmission and Telediagnosis Over the
European ATM Network -
http://www.ukbf.fu-berlin.de/medinf/Forschung/medsec/ The MedSeC
Project: Speed-optimized Data Security for Telemedical
Applications -
http://mbi.dkfz-heidelberg.de/chili/Papers/P05-02.pdf The
communication concept of a regional stroke unit network based on
encrypted image transmission and the DICOM-Mail standard -
http://www.rad.unipi.it/dicom/IEEE/ Interactive DICOM Image
Transmission and Tele-diagnosis over the European ATM Network -
http://www.rad.unipi.it/works/newsletter/article-fioravanti.html
The DPACS Project at the University of Trieste

- DICOM Public Servers:

- UC Davis MC Public PACS: (permanently offline) - Swansea (UK)
Central Test Node: (permanently offline)

- DICOM Publications - General:

Kodak "Understanding DICOM 3.0" catalog # 4B8915, $US 15.00
Kodak Distribution Center (credit cards) phone 1-800-233-1650

OTech "DICOM Basics" $US 29.92 Order at
http://www.otechimg.com/bookdescription.htm

- DICOM Publications - Implementation:

"Implementation of the DICOM 3.0 Standard - A Pragmatic
Handbook" ?? still available ?? Robert Hindel, Editor

RH Consulting 483 Ridge Road Orange CT 06477-2830 phone
203-799-2258 fax 203-795-8640

Radiological Society of North America 2021 Spring Road Suite 600
Oak Brook IL 60521

"DICOM Implementors' Cookbook"
ftp://ftp-wjq.philips.com/medical/interoperability/out/DICOM_Information/CookBook.pdf
******Excellent **** Highly recommended

- DICOM Publications - Structured Reporting:

"DICOM Structured Reporting" by David A. Clunie. ISBN
0-9701369-0-0. Published by http://www.pixelmed.com/PixelMed
Publishing

Order on-line for $USD 59.95 at
http://www.pixelmed.com/srbook.html

- DICOM QuickTime plugin:

No longer supplied separately, but as a component of other
products. See DICOM Software - Escape.

- DICOM Radiotherapy Resources:

- http://www.sgsmp.ch/bull983b.htm.

- DICOM resources - directory:

- Merge Technologies Inc. -
http://www.accusoft.com/Dresource.htm.

- DICOM resources - Chris Rorden - MRIcro convertor and ezDicom Viewer:

Both applications can read the following formats: DICOM
(uncompressed, XA
and JPEG), NEMA, GE (LX, Genesis, 4.X, 5.X, compressed), Interfile, CTI ECAT6/7,
Picker CT, Siemens (Magnetom Vision, Somatom, Somatom Plus), Elscint 2400/Elite,
Philips .PAR/.REC, SPMwin (*.vhd), raw.

- http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/cr1/mricro.html
MRIcro Windows freeware (convert to DICOM and Analyze) -
http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/cr1/mritut.html
Tutorial -
http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/cr1/dicom.html
ezDICOM Pascal/Delphi project

- DICOM resources - Italy :

- http://lx1.ddmc.unito.it/dicom Italian language DICOM intro
and resources

- DICOM resources - Medx:

- http://www.sensor.com/

- DICOM resources - RSNA:

- http://www.rsna.org/practice/DICOM/dicom.html

- DICOM resources - Santel:

- http://www.santel.lu/SANTEL/imgrel/imagproc.html Resource list
- http://www.santel.lu/SANTEL/projects/html/dicom/dicom.html
Tools and presentations

- DICOM Simple Storage SCP on PC or Mac (receives images):

- DigitalJacket for Mac from DesAcc

- DICOM Softcopy Presentation State:

- See DICOM software - Softcopy Presentation State Demonstration

- DICOM software - AccuImage Viewing and Network:

- http://www.accuimage.com/ -
http://www.accuimage.com/supportAccuanonymizer.htm - Anonymizer

- DICOM software - AccuSoft Image Libraries:

- http://www.accusoft.com/

- DICOM software - Apteryx Java DICOM Image I/O Plugin:

Supports reading and writing DICOM files (FSR,FSC), send and
receive (Storage SCU and SCP) and query-retrieve (C-Find, C-Move
and C-Get SCU).

- http://imaging.apteryx.fr/

- DICOM software - CarDiCon Viewer and AVI Convertor:

- http://fhs-consulting.com/cardicon/

- DICOM software - Cardiology:

Lossless JPEG software for American College of Cardiology
Digital Interchange Standards for Cardiology CD-R demo. From
Brown University Institute for Medical Computing.

- DICOM software - Chili Teleradiology:

Teleradiology solution that supports DICOM.

- http://www.chili-radiology.com/

- DICOM software - Central Test Node - Mallinkrodt:

- http://wuerlim.wustl.edu/ Electronic Radiology Laboratory -
ftp://wuerlim.wustl.edu/pub/dicom

- DICOM software - Central Test Node - Oldenburg from OFFIS ( DCMTK)

- http://dicom.offis.de/dcmtk -
ftp://dicom.offis.de/pub/dicom/offis/software/ - See also DICOM
software - Softcopy Presentation State Demonstration

- DICOM software - CardioVista:

DICOM Cine-angiogram (CD-R) ViewStar PC (Windows).

- http://www.charrua.com/ingenio/cardiovista/indexen.htm
(English) - http://www.charrua.com/ingenio/cardiovista/index.htm
(Spanish)

- DICOM software - ComView:

DICOM Cine-angiogram (CD-R) ViewStar PC (Windows).

- www.comview.com/

- DICOM software - Dejarnette AN/API tookit

DICOM Toolkit in C for Unix, Windows, OS/2 and MacOS 7.

- http://www.dejarnette.com/ -
http://www.dejarnette.com/main/PACSware.asp#ANAPI

- DICOM software - Dicomlib tookit and utilities from Trevor Morgan at
Sunnybrook

DICOM Toolkit and Utilities for Windows and Unix in C++.

- http://dicomlib.swri.ca/

- DICOM software - DicomWorks:

DICOM view, export, make CD (Windows).

- www.dicomworks.com/

- DICOM software - Dimplx:

ActiveX software to load DICOM images.

- http://www.planar.com/ Planar (formerly Dome) -
http://www.planar.com/Environments/HealthCare/medical_imaging/productLayout_8_5626_939.cfm

- DICOM software - eFilm:

Software to receive, read and display DICOM images. Also
handles media

- http://www.efilm.net/

- DICOM software - EncoMate:

Software to receive,read and display DICOM images.

- http://www.encomate.com.tw/ Electronic Business Machines,
Taiwan.

- DICOM Software - Escape:

QuickTime-based DICOM Viewer and 4th Dimension RDBMS support for
Mac and Windows

- http://www.escape.gr/dicom/.

- DICOM Software - Etiam DICOM Eye store SCU/SCP,QR SCU,read/save,view

http://www.etiam.com/amediem.htm

- DICOM software - EViewBox:

Java application to read and display DICOM images.

- http://www.derhy.com/DICOM/ -
http://wwwusers.imaginet.fr/~sderhy/EViewBox.html

- DICOM software - FP Image:

DICOM Cine-angiogram Viewer (with AVI export) and File Browser
(Windows).

- www.fpimage.com/

- DICOM software - free PACS solutions or components

- See DICOM software - Central Test Node - Mallinkrodt (Unix,
Linux) - See DICOM software - Central Test Node - Oldenburg
(Unix, Linux, NT) - See DICOM software - IntelePACS WebLite
(Linux) - See DICOM software - JDicom (any Java platform) - See
DICOM software - Tiani Image Archive Application -
http://sourceforge.net/projects/cdmedicpacsweb Linux-based PACS
- http://www.xs4all.nl/~ingenium/dicom.html Conquest DICOM
Software - UCDMC-based server - http://www.freepacs.com/ A site
for discussion of free PACS, and a demonstration

- DICOM software - GMATEK:

- DICOM Software Development Kit, Communication Services
Platform, Archive, RIS - http://perso.wanadoo.fr/gmatek/

- DICOM software - George Grevera's DICOM to PGM and TIFF convertor:

- http://www.rad.upenn.edu/~grevera/images/dicom2pgm.html

- DICOM software - IDL Reader:

Software to read DICOM images into the IDL image processing
program.

- http://www.floating.co.uk/idl/dicom.html Floating Point
Systems UK Ltd.

- DICOM software - Imread Java DICOM Viewer:

-
http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/neuroimaging/download/imread/imread1.htm

- DICOM software - IntelePACS WebLite:

Intelerad Linux-based software to receive DICOM images and
distribute via Web (also have commercial software-only
Linux-based PACS).

- http://www.intelerad.com/cgi-bin/download/filelist.cgi

- DICOM software - iRad Mac OS X DICOM Viewer:

- http://irad.sourceforge.net/

- DICOM software - InviWeb DicomWorks:

- http://www.inviweb.com/ - http://www.dicomworks.com/

- DICOM software - JDCM Java DICOM Toolkit:

Java DICOM Toolkit (free, network, file, RLE).

- http://www.geocities.com/gigiobb/

- DICOM software - JDicom Java DICOM tools from Tiani:

- http://www.tiani.com/JDicom/

- DICOM software - JiveX Java Image Distribution and Viewing from Visus:

- http://www.visus-tt.com/en/index.html

- DICOM software - Laurel Bridge DICOM Toolkit (Java, C++) :

DICOM Connectivity Framework
Laurel Bridge Software, Inc. Mr. Doug Bennett 409 White Clay
Center Drive Newark, DE 19711 USA Telephone: 302-453-8947 Fax:
302-453-9480 Web: http://www.laurelbridge.com/

- DICOM software - Lead Tools Medical Imagine Engine and Suite:

LEAD Technologies, Inc. 1201 Greenwood Cliff, Suite 400
Charlotte, NC 28204
USA Telephone: 704-332-5532 E-mail: [email protected] Web:
http://www.leadtools.com/ (under Medical)

- DICOM software - MacAngioView DICOM Cine-angiogram Viewer (Mac):

DICOM angio (CD-R) file viewer for MacOs by Will Lapointe.

- http://home.attbi.com/~wlapointe/

- DICOM software - Madena DICOM image viewing, processing and fusion
(Mac):

- MacOS 9 and X. - Also supports Analyze and TIFF and can
export QuickTime. - Linear and non-linear transformation. -
Rescaling, rotation and multi-modality fusion. - ROI
measurement. - Isodensity tinting and contouring.

- http://radonc.usc.edu/USCRadOnc/Madena/Madena.html

- DICOM software - Marianne Goeltl-Schuberth's DicomEdit viewer and
dataset editor (Windows)

- http://www.mhgs.onlinehome.de/dicom/

- DICOM software - Medasys:

DICOM network client/server and viewer for Windows NT.

- http://www.medasys-digital-systems.fr/medical/dxwin.html

- DICOM software - Medical Connections DICOMObjects ActiveX Library:

DICOM ActiveX (Windows) library including viewer, network and
file services.

- http://www.medicalconnections.co.uk

- DICOM software - MedicView Windows Nuclear Medicine acquisiton and
processing software

MedicView supports files of type InterFile, DICOM, Acr/Nema,
Analyze, Gif98, INW(RUG), ECAT/Matrix and PIP, for image data
from NM, MR, CT, US and other imaging modalities. It includes
functions rotation, flip, filter, zoom, movie, editing and
creating color palettes, file (study) information, add images,
move or delete images from file, tile/cascade of image files in
several window maps, export image to BMP or JPEG. Native format
of MedicView is InterFile.

- http://www.medicimaging.com/

- DICOM software - Mediface:

DICOM viewing (PiView) and server (Spectra) applications.

- http://www.mediface.com/

- DICOM software - Medx:

DICOM dump utility.

- http://topaz.sensor.com/links/mg/props/dicom

- DICOM software - MRIConvert:

MRIConvert converts DICOM files to SPM99/Analyze, BrainVoyager,
and MetaImage volume formats. It runs on Windows 2k. Written
by Jolinda Smith at the Lewis Center for Neuroimaging at the
University of Oregon.

- http://lcni.uoregon.edu/~jolinda/MRIConvert.html

- DICOM software - RAIM:

Java DICOM Image Viewer.

- http://www.cspt.es/webcspt/udiat/labimg/labimg.htm

- DICOM software - PixelMed Java DICOM Toolkit:

Java DICOM Toolkit and Image Viewer (pure Java, with source
code, free).

- http://www.pixelmed.com/index.html#PixelMedJavaDICOMToolkit

- DICOM software - reViewMD:

Pocket PC DICOM Image Viewer.

- http://www.digisoftdirect.com/Products/reviewmd.html

- DICOM software - Sanders:

ViewPlus DICOM Cine-angiogram (CD-R) Viewer (Windows). Also
QCAPlus and QLVAPlus for quantitative analysis.

- http://www.sandersdata.com/

- DICOM software - Sante Viewer and Anonymizer:

- http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/mkanell/

- DICOM software - Sébastien Barré's dicom2
convertor/viewer:

dicom2 is a simple command-line driven program which allows you
to convert images from the DICOM file format to various other
formats, while optionally performing some rudimentary image
processing tasks:

- reads non-encapsulated syntax of DICOM file, or raw data-sets
(ACR/NEMA).
- converts to BMP, TARGA, raw, text, DICOM. - renames
destination files using user-defined pattern based on
DICOM tags (ex: image time, number, acquisition, patient name,
rank of the file, etc.).
- accumulates set of files into one image (to generate masks).
- implements some image processing functions:
masking, cropping, halving, flipping, windowing.

- http://dicom2.barre.nom.fr/ Software -
http://medical.barre.nom.fr/samples/ DICOM image samples -
Sébastien Barré

- DICOM software - Skyline Delphi DICOM Toolkit:

Delphi DICOM Toolkit.

- http://www.imagelib.com/

- DICOM software - Softcopy Presentation State Demonstration:

Software to receive, read and apply presentation states
(Supplement 33) to displayed DICOM images.

- http://dicom.offis.de/dscope -
ftp://dicom.offis.de/pub/dicom/offis/software/dscope/

- DICOM software - Softlink Java DICOM Toolkit:

Java DICOM Toolkit, Worklist Gateway.

- http://www.softlink.be/

- DICOM software - Tag Viewer for Windows from Colin Rhodes

DICOM Tag Viewer for Windows.

- http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Chip/3967/dicom.htm

- DICOM software - Tiani Java Image Archive Application:

Java source code toolkit and archive implementation.

- http://sourceforge.net/projects/dcm4che/

- DICOM software - Tomovision PC viewing and analysis:

Slice-o-matic viewing and analysis; TomoVision free viewer;
GE-DAT media extraction on PC.

- http://www.tomovision.com/

- DICOM software - TrueView DICOM Viewer and Delphi Component:

- http://www.truevcl.com/

- DICOM software - UC Davis Medical Center:

Binary libraries for Unix(various) and Windows/NT, written in
C++, well documented, no royalties, supports
Storage,Query/Retrieve for most objects.

- http://imrad.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/

- DICOM software - UniPACS:

Various free and commercial DICOM and PACS related tools and
services, including a free DICOM Viewer and Ping utility, as
well as a free (after registration) network server for sharing
images.

- http://www.unipacs.com/

- DICOM software - University Hospital Graz PACSview:

-
http://www-ang.kfunigraz.ac.at/~zeilinge/pacsview/PACSview.html

- DICOM software - XMedCon DICOM PET (and other format) convertor/viewer

Command line and X Windows GUI conversion between Dicom,
Acr/Nema 2.0, InterFile 3.3, Analyze (SPM) and ECAT 6.4 PET
formats.

- http://xmedcon.sourceforge.net/ -
http://petaxp.rug.ac.be/~nolf/welcome.html#CONVERSION

- DICOM software - YourDICOM:

C++ and C# Toolkits, Workflow and Network Manager.

- http://www.yourdicom.net/

- DICOM software - Z Medical Java DICOM PACS, Remote Viewer, Query Client

- http://www.zmed.com/

- DICOM Standard Publisher

See NEMA.

- DICOM Standard Status

- http://www.dclunie.com/dicom-status/status.html

- DICOM Structured Report samples:

-
ftp://dicom.offis.de/pub/dicom/offis/software/dscope/srdoc102.zip

- DICOM Technology Transfer - Foresight

Foresight Science and Technology.

http http://www.seeport.com/

- DICOM Test and Validation Services

- Merge Technologies Inc - Medigration GmbH - Aycan
Digitalsysteme GmbH - Lake Griffin DICOM Training and Consulting
(Europe)

- DICOM Test and Validation Tools

- dicom3tools - offline information object and attribute
validation

- See also dicom3tools -
http://www.dclunie.com/dicom3tools.html

- PixelMed Java DICOM Toolkit - contains XML and XSLT based
validator (command-line and within viewer)

- See also DICOM software - PixelMed Java DICOM Toolkit

- Agfa DICOM Validation Tool - script driven protocol simulator

- http://medical.agfa.com/dicom/advt.html

- Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) test tools

- MESA test tools

- Commercial Test and Validation Tools

- Medigration GmbH

- DICOM toolkits:

- dicom3tools - DICOM software - AccuSoft Image Libraries - DICOM
software - CareOn Java DICOM Toolkit (DICOMIX) - DICOM software -
Central Test Node - Oldenburg - DICOM software - Central Test
Node - Mallinkrodt - DICOM software - Dejarnette - DICOM software
- Dicomlib - DICOM software - DimplX - DICOM software - JDCM Java
DICOM Toolkit Free pure Java toolkit - DICOM software - JDicom
Java DICOM tools from Tiani - DICOM software - Laurel Bridge -
DICOM software - Lead Tools - DICOM software - PixelMed Java
DICOM Toolkit Free pure Java tools with source code - DICOM
software - Softlink Java DICOM Toolkit - DICOM software -
YourDICOM - Merge Technologies Inc - Multi Tech

- DICOM Training: See DICOM Education

- DICOM tutorial - Endoscopy:

AGSE/DDW 96 Demonstration tutorial

- http://www.asge.org/dicom/asgdintr.html

- DICOM Registered Organization Number for a DICOM UID Root:

See UID - Getting a Registered Organization Number for a DICOM
UID Root

- DICOM Ultrasound/Echocardiography - ICMIT:

- International Consortium for Medical Imaging Technology

- MIT site:

- http://icmit.mit.edu/ - Patrick McCormick

- Imperial College site:

- http://dominica.ee.ic.ac.uk/ICMIT/ICMIT.html - Stefan
Claesen

- DICOM Viewers - See DICOM File Convertors and Viewers

- DICOM to web gateways - commercial:

Medweb. 667 Folsom Street San Fransisco CA 94107 phone
1-800-8MEDWEB phone 415-541-9980 fax 415-541-9984 http
http://www.medweb.net/

Passport Technologies. 86 Orchard Street Hackensack NJ 07601
phone 201-487-5885 fax 201-487-7455

ALI Web Server - See ALI

GMD WebMed. http http://www.gmd-koeln.de/

Medical Communications GmbH. http
http://www.medicalcommunications.com/

- DICOM to web gateways - on the network:

- Analogic

- http://rgssup.analogic.com/alpha2 DICOM gateway - Both GIF
and DICOM images (Content-Type: image/dicom3) available -
Richard Smillie

- Indiana University Radiology

- http://foyt.indyrad.iupui.edu/medres/iurad2.html Sample
gateway - Only JPEG translations of DICOM images available -
ftp://foyt.indyrad.iupui.edu/pub Implementation - Grover
Browning

- DICOM Waveform samples:

- http://www.excel-medical.com/Waveform.htm

- DICOM Working Groups and minutes:

- http://medical.nema.org/dicom/geninfo/dicomwgs.doc -
http://medical.nema.org/dicom/minutes/ minutes -
http://medical.nema.org/dicom/geninfo/ procedures

- DVS Consulting DICOM Training and Consulting:

Donald E. Van Syckle DVS Consulting, LLC 13540 W. Sunburst Ln
New Berlin WI, 53151 Ph: (262) 641-6400 Fx: (262) 641-6401
http://www.dvsconsult.com

- Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) demonstration

- Home page - Current technical framework - Integration profiles
- Archive of previous documents -
http://wuerlim.wustl.edu/mesa/MESA test tools

- Lake Griffin DICOM Training and Consulting (Europe):

Lake Griffin Ltd. Marco Demarmels Bisikonerstrasse 42 CH-8308
Illnau Switzerland phone +41-52-346-0300 mobil +41-79-425-5440
fax +41-52-346-0301

- Laufenberg Consulting DICOM Consulting

Derek Laufenberg Milwaukee, Wisconsin

- LinoMedHiPaxLinoMed PACS and free DICOM viewer for Windows 95/NT

http://www.linomed.de/

- Logisys DICOM Consulting (USA):

Logisys, Inc. Dee Csipo 4513 Carroll Manor Road Baldwin,
Maryland 21013 phone 410-592-7550 fax 410-592-2717

- MATLAB - Reading DICOM Images

-
http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/images/dicomread.shtml#276803
read image -
http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/images/dicominfo.shtml#276773
read metadata

- Medigration GmbH DICOM Training, Consulting, Validation and Software
Development

http://www.medigration.de/

Medigration GmbH Am Weichselgarten 7 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
phone +49 (9131) 691460 fax +49 (9131) 691462

- Merge Technologies Inc DICOM Solutions,Testing,Training,Consulting

http://www.merge.com/

Merge Technologies Inc. 1126 S. 70th St, Suite N508B
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53214-34151 phone 414-475-4300 fax
414-475-3940

Merge Technologies Europe. Molvense Erven 69 5672 HJ Nuenen The
Netherlands phone +31-40-838-948 fax +31-40-832-975

- MultiTech DICOM Solutions, Consulting, Toolkits, Training and HIS
Interface

MultiTech Solutions Inc. phone (804)674-7383 fax (804)674-0188
http://www.mulsol.com

- NEMA - DICOM standard publishers

NEMA 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn VA 22209

phone 703-841-3200

http://medical.nema.org/

phone 703-841-3285 Howard Clark, Staff Executive fax
703-841-3385

phone 703-841-3200 NEMA Publication Sales phone 800-854-7179
Global Engineering Documents (Official Publishers of the
Standard)

See the NEMA webpage for hotel information:

http://www.nema.org/general/lodging.html

- Netscape ACR/NEMA Plugin

- http://www.charite.de/rv/str/dr/dienst/plugin.html for
32-bit/Windows

- Osiris - see Papyrus and Osiris.

- Otech Inc. DICOM News, Education and Consulting:

Herman Oosterwijk 6741 Grant Lane Plano TX 75024 phone
972-618-4167 fax 972-491-7179 http://www.otechimg.com

- Pulse Consulting DICOM Consulting:

Jim Connors 1700 17th St NW Suite 408 Washington DC, 20009 phone
202.332.0066 fax 202.332.0066

- RuboMed DICOM viewer for Windows 95/NT

http://www.rubomed.com/

- SNOMED Systematized Nomenclature

- http://snomed.org/

- Structured Reporting Resources

- http://medical.nema.org/dicom/srag.html NEMA 2000 SR workshop
presentations - ftp://medical.nema.org/SRWorkshopJune0801/ NEMA
2001 SR Implementers' workshop presentations -
http://www.structuredreporting.com Overview and resource list -
DICOM Publications - Structured Reporting DICOM SR book from
Pixelmed Publishing

- UID - Getting a Registered Organization Number for a DICOM UID Root:
(See also UID)

ISO Member body list can be found at
http://http://www.iso.ch/addresse/address.html

- ANSI - in US:

http://web.ansi.org/public/services/reg_org.html Official ANSI
page on the subject. See also:
http://cell-relay.indiana.edu/cell-relay/FAQ/nsap/fact.html

numeric identifier (needed for DICOM) costs $1000

NB. Even if one is a US-based company one does NOT have to get
one's identifier from ANSI ... one of the free solutions below
works just fine.

- BAKOM - in Switzerland:

Bundesamt fuer Kommunikation BAKOM phone +41 (32) 28 5576 fax
+41 (32) 28 5528

numeric identifier costs DM 500

- COSIRA - in Canada:

COSIRA - Canadian Open Systems Interconnection Registration
Authority phone: 819-956-4848 fax: 819-956-3050
web: http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/cosira/text/registration-e.html

NumberForm object identifier costs $500 Canadian NameForm object
identifier costs another $500 Canadian

- DIN - in Germany:

Deutsche Industrie Norm DIN CERTCO Division Frau Krenz in
Berlin-Tiergarten Burggrafenstr. 6 10787 Berlin

phone +49 (30) 2601 2953 fax +49 (30) 2601 1610

numeric identifier costs DM 500 (?550)

"Antrag auf Vergabe einer Registrierungskennzahl (REG) fuer
Informationsobjekte nach E DIN 66 334"

- in UK:

UK registered companies already have a registration number, and
appending this to "1.2.826.0.n" gives a unique root, where n
depends on where in the UK one is:

If the company registration number is XYZ, then the UID root is
- "1.2.826.0.1.XYZ" - England and Wales - "1.2.826.0.2.XYZ" -
Scotland - "1.2.826.0.3.XYZ" - Northern Ireland

- Free (anywhere):

Dave Harvey (in the UK) has kindly offered to sub-delegate
ranges of his own root to anyone who needs one. See his web
page at:

http://www.medicalconnections.co.uk/html/free_uid.html

- Free (anywhere):

To use SNMP one needs an Enterpise UID assigned by IANA, which
is free
and may also be used for any other purpose that
requires a UID root.

- http://www.isi.edu/cgi-bin/iana/enterprise.pl to
register -
http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers to
see the registry

You use the assigned enterpise number as xxxx in
"1.3.6.1.4.1.xxxx"

- UMAB Image Net Windows DICOM File Viewer (free)

- http://anchorage.umaryland.edu/imagenet.html

8. Acknowledgements

Thanks to the many people for contributions, general help, interesting
postings or mail whose contents have found there way in here, or just plain
old moral support. They used to be listed by name and email address here,
but the list was getting so long and difficult to update that it got out of
hand and has been retired !

The next part is index by keyword.