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From: [email protected] (Mark Kantrowitz)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.scheme,comp.lang.lisp,news.answers,comp.answers
Subject: FAQ: Scheme Implementations and Mailing Lists 2/2 [Monthly posting]
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;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Scheme *************
;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Written by Mark Kantrowitz and Barry Margolin
;;; scheme_2.faq

This post contains part 2 of the Scheme FAQ.

If you think of questions that are appropriate for this FAQ, or would
like to improve an answer, please send email to us at [email protected].

Topics Covered (Part 2):
 [2-1]   Free Scheme implementations.
 [2-2]   Commercial Scheme implementations.
 [2-3]   What Scheme-related discussion groups and mailing lists exist?

Search for \[#\] to get to question number # quickly.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [2-1] Free Scheme implementations.

Repositories of Scheme source code are described in the answer to
question [1-9].

Remember, when ftping compressed or compacted files (.Z, .z, .arc, .fit,
etc.) to use binary mode for retrieving the files.

Files that end with a .z suffix were compressed with the patent-free
gzip (no relation to zip). Source for gzip is available from:
  prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/
as the files gzip-1.2.4.shar, gzip-1.2.4.tar,or gzip-1.2.4.msdos.exe.

Repositories of Scheme implementations:

  Many free Scheme implementations are available from swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu
  [18.43.0.246]. See also the Scheme Repository described below.

  The Scheme Repository contains a Scheme bibliography, copies of the
  R4RS report, sample Scheme code for a variety of purposes, several
  utilities, and most free implementations.  (Implementations of Scheme
  available from the repository include elk, gambit, scm, fools, rabbit,
  s48, scheme84, scheme88, pseudo, xscheme, umb-scheme, siod, vscm, and
  pixiescheme.) The repository was established by Ozan S. Yigit and
  is currently maintained by David Eby and John Zuckerman
  <[email protected]>. The repository is
  accessible by anonymous ftp at
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/   [129.79.254.191]
  The repository is mirrored in INRIA, courtesy of Christian Queinnec
  [Ecole Polytechnique and INRIA-Rocquencourt], ftp.inria.fr:/lang/Scheme.
  (See also [1-9].)

Scheme implementations:

  BIGLOO is a Scheme interpreter and compiler. It conforms to the
  IEEE-Scheme standard (IEEE P1178) with some extensions, such as
  regular expression parsing (RGC), a lexical analyzer generator, a full
  foreign function interface, and a pattern matching compiler.  Bigloo
  can also compile modules written in Caml (an ML dialect), letting you
  mix Scheme, ML, and C.  Object-oriented programming is provided by
  Meroon v3. The main goal of Bigloo is to deliver small and fast stand
  alone applications.  Bigloo produces ANSI C and hence should be easy
  to port. It runs on Sparc (1, 2, 10), SONY-NEWS (MIPS R3000), IRIS
  Indigo (MIPS R3000), Sun 3/60, DecStation 3100, PC-486 (linux), and
  HP-PA (730).  It is available by anonymous ftp from
     ftp.inria.fr:/INRIA/Projects/icsla/Implementations/ [192.93.2.54]
  as the files bigloo1.7.tar.gz and camloo0.2.tar.gz.
  For further information, send email to [email protected], or
  write to Manuel Serrano (equipe ICSLA, Bat 8), INRIA-Rocquencourt,
  BP 105, 78153, Le Chesnay CEDEX, FRANCE, or call 39-63-57-32.

  Elk (Extension Language Kit) has been designed specifically as an
  embeddable, reusable extension language subsystem for applications written
  in C or C++.  Elk is also useful as a stand-alone Scheme implementation,
  in particular as a platform for rapid prototyping of X11-based Scheme
  programs.  Elk was first published in 1989; the current version is Elk 3.0.
     The Elk distribution includes a Scheme interpreter (embeddable and
  stand-alone versions), several dynamically loadable extensions, run-time
  support (including a top-level implemented in Scheme and a debugger),
  and 230+ pages of documentation (troff and PostScript format).
     Major features of Elk are incremental, dynamic loading of compiled
  extensions (supported on many platforms); freezing of the interpreter or
  application into a new executable file; a C/C++ programmer's interface
  for language interoperability; Scheme bindings for X11 Xlib, Xt, Athena
  and Motif Widgets; a UNIX interface (not restricted to POSIX); bitstrings,
  records, and regular expressions; a stop-and-copy and an incremental,
  generational garbage collector.
     The Elk 3.0 distribution and more information about Elk are available
  in the World Wide Web at
     http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~net/elk
  The distribution is also available on a number of FTP sites including
   ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/devel_tools/elk-3.0.tar.gz
   ftp://ftp.uni-bremen.de/pub/programming/languages/scheme/elk/elk-3.0.tar.gz
  For more information contact Oliver Laumann <[email protected]>.

  FDU Scheme is a R3RS implementation of Scheme for the Prime
  50-series under Primos. It is available by anonymous ftp from
  fdumad.fdu.edu [132.238.1.1] (username "anonymous", password
  <RETURN>). Attach to the Scheme subdirectory (cd '*>scheme') and
  transfer all files in it and its subdirectories using file type
  binary.  For more information, contact Peter Falley,
  <[email protected]>.

  Fools' Lisp is a small Scheme interpreter that is R4RS conformant, and
  is available by anonymous ftp from
     scam.berkeley.edu:/pub/src/local/fools.1.3.2.tar.Z [128.32.138.1]
  Fools' Lisp runs on Sun3 and Sun4 (SunOs), DecStation 3100s, Vax
  (Ultrix), Sequent, and Apollo. Implemented by Jonathan Lee
  <[email protected]>.

  Gambit is a high-performance implementation of Scheme based on an
  optimizing compiler.  It conforms to the IEEE-Scheme standard (IEEE
  P1178) and the Revised^4 Report on Scheme (R4RS) and supports the
  whole numeric tower (i.e. integer, rational, real and complex numbers).
  Gambit extends the standards by providing: weak pairs, wills, string
  ports, records, property lists, namespaces, futures, pretty printer,
  debugger, multitasking, and compiler declarations.  To make it portable
  and simplify bootstrapping, the compiler is written in IEEE-Scheme and
  makes use of a high-level abstract-machine (called GVM) for the
  intermediate representation.  A "Scheme-in-Scheme" approach was adopted
  to minimize the amount of non-portable code in the system (nearly all of
  the runtime library is written in Scheme including the interpreter and
  debugger).  Three different variants of Gambit were produced:

  Gambit-68K (first public release in 1990; last version: 2.0, june 1993):
    This is the original Gambit system with a native code back-end
    for Motorola 680x0.  It works on most 68K based Unix workstations
    and on the BBN GP1000 shared-memory multiprocessor.  The back-end
    for the GP1000 implements Multilisp's "future" parallel construct
    using lazy-task-creation (a very low overhead task spawning
    mechanism).
    ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gamb68k.tar.Z

  MacGambit (first public release in 1991; last version: 2.2.2, oct 1995):
    This is a port of Gambit-68K for the Macintosh.  It is a complete
    development environment, including a Scheme-aware editor, an online
    help system, and a linker to build standalone applications.  A
    drawing window for simple graphics and an interface to many of the
    Macintosh's "Toolbox" routines are available.  An executable
    MacGambit application is supplied with the distribution as well as
    all the sources (ThinkC 4.0 or CodeWarrior 6 or higher are needed to
    recompile the sources).
    ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/MacGambit.sea.hqx

  Gambit-C (first public release in 1994; last version: 2.3.1, april 1996):
    In this variant of Gambit, the compiler generates highly portable
    C code that is reasonably efficient.  The primary goals of Gambit-C
    are portability and correctness (in particular it correctly implements
    tail-recursion across modules and uses a precise garbage-collector).
    Gambit-C runs on a wide range of Unix workstations, on Macintosh, and
    DOS/Windows.  It also supports these features: dynamic-loading
    of compiled files, C-interface (FFI), and a memory management system
    that expands and contracts the heap based on the program's needs.
    Standalone executables can be created with Gambit-C (a minimal
    application is about 700 Kbytes when statically linked and 5 Kbytes
    when the runtime system is compiled as a shared-library).
    Sources:
      ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gambc.tar.gz
    Executables for Windows-95 and Windows-NT:
      ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gambc.zip
    Executables for DOS and Windows 3.1:
      ftp.iro.umontreal.ca:/pub/parallele/gambit/gambcdos.zip

  Gambit can be used freely for non-commercial uses (including academic
  research and education).  A license is required to use Gambit
  commercially (contact [email protected]).

  HELP (a lazy Scheme) is available by anonymous ftp from
  sumex-aim.stanford.edu:/info-mac/lang/lazy-scheme.hqx.  Written by
  Thomas Schiex ([email protected], [email protected]). Help is a complete and
  efficient Scheme-like functional lazy Lisp interpreter.  It works only
  on 68020 (or more) based Macintoshes. It has a 'friendly' interface
  (parenthesis matcher, auto-indent), uses a full call-by-need semantics
  and includes many examples, including a symbolic compiler for the
  680x0. Efficiency is good and lazyness is fully parametrizable (you
  may turn Help into a strict Scheme-like language if you like). French
  AND English updated docs are included in Word4 and plain text formats.

  LIBSCHEME is a C library implementing Scheme as described in R4RS.  It
  is easily integrated into a C program as a command interpreter or
  extension language, and is easily extended in C with new primitive
  types, primitve functions and syntax.  It should be portable to most
  machines with an ANSI C compiler. It is available by anonymous ftp
  from
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/
  For more information, write to Brent Benson
  <[email protected]>.

  MIT Scheme (aka C-Scheme), is available free by anonymous FTP from
     swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/scheme-7.3 [18.23.0.16]
  or
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pubscheme-repository/imp/MIT-Scheme-7.3/doc
  Version 7.3 is a beta version and runs on DEC Alpha, DECStation
  (MIPS), HP 9000 300/400/700, IBM RS-6000, Intel i386/i486 (DOS, NT,
  Windows 3.1, or Linux), NeXT (NeXTOS 2 or 3), SGI (MIPS), Sony NEWS
  (MIPS), Sun3 (SunOS 4.1) and Sun4 (SunOS 4.1).  Bugs should be
  reported to [email protected] (for the DOS version, send
  bug reports to [email protected]).  MIT Scheme
  includes Edwin (Scheme's Emacs-like editor) and Liar (the Scheme
  compiler). Does not have a convenient foreign function interface yet.
  FTP distribution includes MIT C-Scheme Reference and User manuals, as
  well as the Revised^4 Report on Scheme. Discussion occurs on the
  newsgroup comp.lang.scheme.c (gatewayed to the mailing list
  [email protected]). For DOS floppy distribution requests
  (includes printed copies of manuals), send $95.00 (payable in U.S.
  funds to "Scheme Distribution") to cover costs of distribution to
  Scheme Distribution, c/o Prof. Hal Abelson, 545 Technology Sq. rm 410,
  Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
  |
  On the NeXT, MIT Scheme is available as part of the Schematik
  package, which provides an editor/front-end user interface,
  graphics, and "robotics" support for Lego and the like.  Schematik is
  free and is available for anonymous ftp from
     ftp.gac.edu:/pub/next/scheme/
  Europeans can get it more locally from
     ftp.informatik.uni-muenchen.de:/pub/next/ProgLang/
  start with Schematik-1.1.5.1.README .  Schematik is also apparently
  included on NeXT's "Educational Software Sampler" CD-ROM.
  |
  A preliminary unofficial port of C-Scheme to the Linux is available
  from artemide.dei.unipd.it:/linux/scheme-7.2/. Contact the author
  Matteo Frigo <[email protected]> for more information.

  MzScheme is a Scheme implementation for Unix, Windows (Win32), and
  MacOS. In addition to supporting standard R4RS Scheme (including the
  full numerical tower), MzScheme provides pre-emptive threads,
  generative record datatypes, an exception system (integrated with all
  primitive errors), classes and objects, first-class compilation units,
  regular expression parsing, and simple TCP support on all platforms.
    MzScheme can dynamically load extensions implemented in C, and it
  can be embedded into any C/C++ application. Interoperability with C is
  facilitated by the use of a conservative garbage collector.
    MzScheme is the core interpreter for MrEd, an engine for developing
  portable GUI applications for X Windows, Windows, and MacOS. DrScheme
  (currently under development, using MzScheme/MrEd) will incorporate
  project management, debugging, and modular analysis to provide a
  complete Scheme development environment for pedagogical and
  professional use.
    For information and online documentation for MzScheme, MrEd, and
  DrScheme, see
        http://www.cs.rice.edu/CS/PLT/packages/drscheme/

  Oaklisp is an seamless integration of Scheme with an object-oriented
  substrate. Available by anonymous ftp from
     f.gp.cs.cmu.edu:/usr/bap/oak/ftpable/ [128.2.250.164]
  or from
     ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/bap/oak/ftpable/
  and includes reference and implementation manuals. Written by Barak
  Pearlmutter <[email protected]> and Kevin Lang <[email protected]>.

  PC-Scheme (aka PCScheme, PC Scheme) is an implementation of Scheme
  originally written by Texas Instruments. TI made a version of the
  source code freely distributable in 1987. TI stopped supporting
  the code, and some researchers at the University of Geneva produced
  a cleaned-up version (see PCS/Geneva below). On July 13, 1992, Ibuki
  announced that it had purchased the rights to PC Scheme from TI.
  Please see the Ibuki PC Scheme entry in [2-2]. If you want a
  high-quality and supported implementation of PC Scheme, buy the
  Ibuki implementation. It is certainly inexpensive enough. Now TI
  PC-Scheme is available by anonymous ftp from
     swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/pc-scheme/
  and runs on MS-DOS 286/386 IBM PCs and compatibles. Version 3.3
  should run on the 486, but no guarantees. Version 3.3 is the last
  free version. TI PC-Scheme conforms to the Revised^3 Report on Scheme.
  It includes an optimizing compiler, an emacs-like editor, inspector,
  debugger, performance testing, foreign function interface, window
  system and an object-oriented subsystem. It also supports the dialect
  used in Abelson and Sussman's SICP.

  PCS/Geneva is a cleaned-up version of Texas Instrument's PC Scheme
  developed at the University of Geneva. The main extensions to PC
  Scheme are 486 support, BGI graphics, LIM-EMS pagination support, line
  editing, mouse support, assembly-level interfacing, and several
  powerful Scheme-oriented editors. (TI's PC Scheme gives users full
  Revised^3 support along with many primitives for DOS, Graphics and
  Text Windows. A powerful built-in optimizing compiler produces fast
  code.) PCS/Geneva 4.02PL1 has been tested on XTs, ATs, AT386s and
  AT486s under various DOS and OS/2 versions. It even runs on
  Hewlett-Packard's HP95LX. It also runs on Suns with a DOS emulator.
  PCS/Geneva is available free by anonymous ftp from
     cui.unige.ch:/PUBLIC/pcs/ [129.194.70.1]
  as the files pcscheme.doc, pcscheme.exe, pcscheme.fil and pcscheme.taz
  or by email (uuencoded) from [email protected]. If you ftp
  PCS/Geneva, please send mail to [email protected]; the authors
  like to know their public and will inform you when a new release is
  available. This is also the email address for bug reports or if you
  need any kind of help. This product may be distributed freely and
  used without restrictions except for military purposes.
  (PCS/Geneva was developed by Larry Bartholdi <[email protected]>
  and Marc Vuilleumier <[email protected]>.)

  Pixie Scheme for the Macintosh is a nearly complete implementation of
  R3RS available by anonymous ftp from
  rascal.ics.utexas.edu:/misc/mac/programming/
    Pixie.Goodies.SIT.bin
    Pixie.NoFPP.world.SIT.bin
    Pixie.world.SIT.bin
    PixieScheme.NoFPP.SIT.bin  ; for macs without floating-point coprocessor
    PixieScheme.SIT.bin        ; for macs with FPP
    Pixie_Scheme_Help.SIT.bin
    Pixie_intro
  Written by Jay Reynolds Freeman <[email protected]>, P. O. Box 60628,
  Palo Alto, CA, 94306-0628. A copy may also be obtained from
    /afs/umich.edu/group/itd/archive/mac/development/languages
  as the file pixiescheme.cpt.hqx if your site runs the Andrew File System,
  or by anonymous ftp from mac.archive.umich.edu.

  Scheme->C is an R4RS compliant Scheme system that is centered around
  a compiler that compiles Scheme to C.  Besides the base language,
  the system includes "expansion passing style" macros, a foreign function
  call capability, records, weak pointers, 3 X11 interfaces, call/cc, and a
  generational, conservative, copying garbage collector. The result is a
  system that is portable, efficient, and able to build applications that
  contain a mix of compiled and interpreted Scheme, and compiled code
  from C, C++ and other languages.  The current release of Scheme->C runs
  on the following systems: Digital Alpha AXP systems with OSF/1, MIPS
  based DECstations, VAXen with ULTRIX, MIPS based SGI systems, PC's
  running Microsoft Windows 3.1, Apple Macintosh's running system 7.1,
  HP 9000/300, HP 9000/700, Sony News, Harris Nighthawk and other m88k
  systems, linux, Sun SPARC, and NT (Visual C++ compiler).  Earlier
  releases also run on Sun3, DNx500, DN1000, 386's running Unix,
  DNx500, and DN1000 systems.  The software is available for
  anonymous ftp from
     gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/DEC/Scheme-to-C/ [16.1.0.2]
  There are three interfaces to X11, all written in Scheme, available
  from gatekeeper. The first is a complete set of stubs to Xlib included
  in the base system.  The second is an alternative to Xlib called SCIX,
  found in
     gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/X11/contrib/
  The third, ezd, allows programs to easily
  produce interactive, structured graphics and is found in
     gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/DEC/ezd/
  Those without ftp access can also obtain Scheme->C and ezd from the
  Prime Time Freeware CD, Vol. 1, No. 2.  Additional information is
  available from the author at Digital Equipment Corporation's Western
  Research Lab: Joel Bartlett, [email protected].

  Scheme 48 is a Scheme implementation based on a virtual machine
  architecture. Scheme 48 is designed to be straightforward, flexible,
  reliable, and fast. It should be easily portable to 32-bit
  byte-addressed machines that have POSIX and ANSI C support.
  In addition to the usual Scheme built-in procedures and a development
  environment, library software includes support for hygienic macros (as
  described in the Revised^4 Scheme report), multitasking, records,
  exception handling, hash tables, arrays, weak pointers, and FORMAT.
  Scheme 48 implements and exploits an experimental module system
  loosely derived from Standard ML and Scheme Xerox.  The development
  environment supports interactive changes to modules and interfaces.
  A beta release of Scheme 48 is available by anonymous ftp from
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/scheme48-0.36.tar.Z
     swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/s48/scheme48-0.36.tar.gz
     ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/lang/scheme/impl/s48/scheme48.tar.gz
  For more information, contact Richard Kelsey and Jonathan Rees
  at <[email protected]>.

  Scsh is a Unix shell/systems programming environment implemented on top of
  Scheme 48 (a portable, byte-code compiled R4RS Scheme implementation). Scsh
  provides

      - A high-level macro notation for writing typical shell-script
        computations: running programs, pipelines, I/O redirection, and so
        forth. For example, to decompress a file and mail it to someone,
        you might say
          (run (| (gzcat home.html.gz)
                  (mail -h "Here's my home page" [email protected])))

        To spell check your paper, printing out the results, you could say:
          (run (| (delatex (< paper.tex))
                  (spell)
                  (lpr -Ppulp)))

      - A complete system-call interface to Unix: fork, exec, I/O, file
        system, time, env vars, and so forth. The I/O interface includes
        a *complete* interface to BSD sockets, both Unix and TCP/IP domains.
        I/O is completely integrated with Scheme ports. System calls return
        useful values, not error codes; errors are reported by raising
        exceptions which can be caught by handlers.

      - Other useful shell-programming utilities: filename globbing/pattern
        matching, regexp matching, macros for writing AWK-like programs, field
        and record parsers, and so forth.

      - The ability to write executable shell scripts using the Unix #!
        interpreter feature, with access to command-line argv values.

  These features are completely integrated into Scheme 48's R4RS Scheme
  implementation; the programming language is Scheme. The scsh release
  is self-contained -- it comes with its own complete Scheme 48
  implementation. Scsh currently runs on the following platforms: DEC Ultrix,
  Harris NightHawk, HP-UX, IBM AIX, Linux, NetBSD/i386, NeXTSTEP/Intel,
  SGI IRIX, Solaris, and SunOS. It's not hard to port scsh to new systems.
  |
  You can get a copy of scsh via anonymous ftp, from the following:
      ftp://clark.lcs.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh.tar.gz
      ftp://swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh.tar.gz
  These tar files include a detailed manual and a paper describing
  the design of the system. For the lazily curious, we also have the
  manual separately available as
      ftp://clark.lcs.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh-manual.ps
      ftp://swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu/pub/su/scsh/scsh-manual.ps
  Scsh has been implemented by the Scheme Underground
      http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/su/su.html
  For further information, contact Olin Shivers <[email protected]>,
      http://clark.lcs.mit.edu/~shivers/home.html


  SCM, free by anonymous ftp from
     swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/scm/
     prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/jacal/
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/new/
     ftp.maths.tcd.ie:/pub/bosullvn/jacal/
  Current version 4e1. Runs on Amiga, Atari-ST, MacOS, MS-DOS, OS/2,
  NOS/VE, VMS, Unix and similar systems. SCM conforms to the Revised^4
  Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme and the IEEE P1178
  specification. Scm is written in C.  ASCII and EBCDIC are supported.
  Written by Aubrey Jaffer.
     To receive an IBM PC floppy disk with the source files and MSDOS
  and i386 executables send $99 to Aubrey Jaffer, 84 Pleasant Street,
  Wakefield MA 01880, <[email protected]>.
     SLIB (Standard Scheme Library) is a portable Scheme library
  which is intended to provide compatability and utility functions for
  all standard Scheme implementations, including SCM, Chez, Elk,
  Gambit, MacScheme, MITScheme, scheme->C, Scheme48, T3.1, and VSCM, and is
  available as the file slib2a0.tar.gz. Written by Aubrey Jaffer.
     JACAL is a symbolic math system written in Scheme, and is
  available as the file jacal1a4.tar.gz.
     SCMCONFIG contains additional files for the SCM distribution to build
  SCM on Unix machines using GNU autoconf.
     SLIB-PSD is a portable debugger for Scheme (requires emacs editor).
     TURTLSCM is a turtle graphics package which works with SCM on MSDOS
  or X11 machines. Written by Mkinen Sami <[email protected]> and Jarkko
  Leppanen <[email protected]>, it is available as the file turtlegr.tar.Z.
  (Also available from modeemi.cs.tut.fi:/pub/scm/ as turtlegr.tar.gz,
  along with an already-compiled MSDOS binary of scm with turtlegraphics
  and slib in scm4c0_b.zip.)
     XSCM is an X Windows interface to Xlib and the Motif and
  OpenLook toolkits for the SCM interpreter. It requires scm4a10 or
  later. It should be available at any archive of alt.sources, or on
  swiss-ftp, prep and indiana as the file xscm1.05.tar.Z.
  Contact [email protected] for more information.
     SMG-SCM is a package that adds VMS SMG screen management routines
  to SCM. It is available from swiss-ftp, prep and indiana as the file
  sgm-scm2a1.zip. (A VMS version of Unzip is available by anonymous
  FTP from ftp.spc.edu:[ANONYMOUS.MACRO32]UNZIP.EXE.) This file
  contains the source code, documentation, and example code. Send
  comments and bugs to T. Kurt Bond, <[email protected]> (preferred)
  or <[email protected]>.
     WB is a disk based, sorted associative array C library (database). These
  associative arrays consist of variable length (less that 256 bytes)
  keys and values.  WB comes with an interface to SCM. Basic
  operations are creation, destruction, opening and closing of
  diskfiles and arrays, insertion, deletion, retrieval, successor, and
  predecessor (with respect to dictionary order of keys).  Functional
  application of find-next, deletion, and modification over a range of
  consecutive key values is supported. Multiple associative arrays
  can be stored in one disk file. Simultaneous access to multiple
  disk files is supported.  A structure checker, garbage collector
  are included.  A repair program and ram-disk type file (for
  temporary structures) are in developement. The current WB
  implementation has a file size limit of 2^32 * block size (default
  2048) = 2^43 bytes (8796 Gbytes). WB does its own memory and disk
  management. WB is available on swiss-ftp, prep, and indiana as wb1a1.tar.z.

     A Windows version of Scheme called WinScm is forthcoming from
  Vincent Manis of Langara College of BC, Canada.

     Hobbit is a Scheme-to-C compiler that works with the SCM Scheme
  interpreter. It treats SCM as a C library and integrates compiled
  functions into SCM as new primitives. Hobbit release 2 works with SCM
  release 4b4. Future releases of SCM and Hobbit will be coordinated.
  Hobbit imposes strong restrictions on the higher-order features of
  Scheme. For example, it does not support continuations.  The main aim
  of hobbit is to produce maximally fast C programs which would retain
  most of the original Scheme program structure, making the output C
  program readable and modifiable. Hobbit is written in Scheme and is
  able to self-compile. Hobbit can be obtained via anonymous ftp from
     swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/scm/hobbit2.tar.Z
     prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/jacal/hobbit2.tar.Z
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/new/hobbit2.tar.Z
  For further information, contact the author, Tanel Tammet, at
  <[email protected]> or at Tanel Tammet, Department of Computer
  Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Go"teborg, Sweden.

  Similix is a Self-Applicable Partial Evaluator for a Subset of Scheme.
  Written by Anders Bondorf, Olivier Danvy, and Jesper J{\o}rgensen. It
  is available by anonymous ftp from
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/
  as similix.tar.Z or from ftp.diku.dk:/pub/diku/dists/Similix.tar.Z. For
  more information, contact Anders Bondorf, DIKU, Department of Computer
  Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DK-2100
  Copenhagen, Denmark, or send email to [email protected]. Similix conforms
  to the IEEE and R4RS standards, but also runs under R3RS Scheme. It
  runs in SCM, Chez Scheme and T3.1.

  SIOD (Scheme in One Defun), free by anonymous ftp from
       ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/siod-v3.0-shar
       ftp.std.com:/pub/gjc/siod-3.0-shar
  or in any comp.sources.unix archive.  Runs on VAX/VMS, VAX UNIX, Sun3,
  Sun4, Amiga, Macintosh, MIPS, Cray, Windows NT/WIN32.  Small scheme
  implementation in C arranged as a set of subroutines that can be
  called from any main program for the purpose of introducing an
  interpreted extension language.  Compiles to ~42K bytes of
  executable.  Lisp calls C and C calls Lisp transparently. Version
  3.0 includes support for manipulation of Oracle and Digital RDB
  relational databases (SQL interface).
  Written by George Carrette <[email protected]> or <[email protected]>.

  STk is a R4RS Scheme interpreter which can access the Tk graphical
  package. All of the commands defined by the Tk toolkit are available
  to the STk interpreter, and Tk variables are reflected back into
  Scheme as Scheme variables. Callback is expressed in Scheme. Includes
  a CLOS-like OO extension called STklos, which provides multiple
  inheritance, generic functions, multi methods, and a true meta-object
  protocol.  A set of classes have been defined to manipulate Tk
  commands (menu, buttons, scales, canvas, canvas items) as Scheme
  objects. STk runs on Sparc (SUNOS 4.1.x), Dec 5xxx (Ultrix 4.2), SGI
  (Irix 4.05, 5.1.1), DEC Alpha, and Linux 1.0. STk is available by
  anonymous ftp from
     kaolin.unice.fr:/pub/STk-2.1.tar.gz [193.48.229.225]
  Please send bug reports, comments, and questions to Erick Gallesio,
  <[email protected]>, Universite de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, ESSI - I3S
  Route des colles, BP 145, 06903 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX, FRANCE,
  phone (33) 92-96-51-53, fax (33) 92-96-51-55.
  To subscribe to the mailing list, send a message with
     subscribe
  in the Subject field to [email protected].

  T3.1 is a Scheme-like language developed at Yale. Available by
  anonymous ftp from
      ftp.ai.mit.edu:/pub/systems/t3.1/
  T may be obtained in Europe from
      nic.funet.fi:/pub/unix/languages/scheme/t3.1/
      ftp.diku.dk:/pub/t3.1/
  Runs on DecStations (MIPS processor) and SGI Iris, Sun4
  (SPARC), Sun3, Vax/Unix. Includes a copy of the online version of the
  T manual and release notes for T3.0 and T3.1. All implementations
  include a foreign function (C) interface. To be informed of fixes, new
  releases, etc., send your email address to [email protected]. Bug
  reports should go to [email protected]. A multiprocessing version of
  T (for Encore Multimax) is available from masala.lcs.mit.edu:/pub/mult.
  [The sources were last modified November 22, 1991.]

  UMB Scheme is a R4RS Scheme available by anonymous ftp from
  ftp.cs.umb.edu:/pub/scheme/umb-scheme-2.10.tar.Z and also in the Scheme
  Repository. It includes a simple editor, debugger, Written by William
  Campbell, University of Massachusetts at Boston, [email protected].

  VSCM is a R4RS Scheme available by anonymous ftp from the Scheme Repository,
    ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme-repository/imp/vscmV0r2.tar.Z [130.63.9.66]
  Written by Matthias Blume, <[email protected]>. The
  implementation is based on a virtual machine design with heavy support
  for most of the sophisticated features of Scheme. The virtual machine
  is written in ANSI-C to aid in its portability. The bytecode compiler
  is written in Scheme itself. Documentation of VSCM is also available as
     http://www.cs.princeton.edu/grad/Matthias_Blume/vscm.html

  XScheme is available free by anonymous ftp from
     ftp.uu.net:/MSDOS/languages/X-scheme
     ftp.uu.net:/amiga-sources/xscheme.20.zoo
  It includes an object system and is R3RS compliant.
  It was written by David Michael Betz, 167 Villa Avenue #11, Los Gatos,
  CA 95032, 408-354-9303 (H), 408-862-6325 (W), [email protected].
  XScheme is discussed in the newsgroup comp.lang.lisp.x.  It may also
  be found in the Scheme Repository.

Free Scheme Implementations implemented in Lisp:

  Peter Norvig's book "Paradigms of AI Programming" has a chapters about
  Scheme interpreters and compilers, both written in Common Lisp. The
  software from the book is available by anonymous ftp from
  unix.sri.com:/pub/norvig and on disk in Macintosh or DOS format from
  the publisher, Morgan Kaufmann.  For more information, contact: Morgan
  Kaufmann, Dept. P1, 2929 Campus Drive, Suite 260, San Mateo CA 94403,
  or call Toll free tel: (800) 745-7323; FAX: (415) 578-0672

  PseudoScheme is available free by anonymous ftp from
     ftp.cs.cornell.edu:/pub/jar/pseudo-2-9.tar.gz
     swiss-ftp.ai.mit.edu:/archive/pseudo/pseudo-2-8.tar.Z
  It is Scheme implemented on top of Common Lisp, and runs in Lucid,
  Symbolics CL, VAX Lisp under VMS, and Explorer CL. It should be
  easy to port to other Lisps. It was written by Jonathan Rees
  ([email protected], [email protected]). Send mail to
  [email protected] to be put on a mailing list
  for announcements. Conforms to R4RS except for lacking a correct
  implementation of call/cc. It works by running the Scheme code
  through a preprocessor, which generates Common Lisp code.

  Scheme84 is in the public domain, and available by mail from Indiana
  University. It runs on the VAX in Franz Lisp under either VMS or BSD Unix.
  To receive a copy, send a tape and return postage to: Scheme84
  Distribution, Nancy Garrett, c/o Dan Friedman, Department of Computer
  Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Call 1-812-335-9770
  or send mail to [email protected] for more information. It will also
  run in Jeff Dalton's port of Franz Lisp to Net/Free/386BSD on 386-like
  machines.  (See the Lisp FAQ for information on Franz Lisp.)
  Scheme84 is available by anonymous FTP from
     ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/scheme-repository/imp/scheme84.tar.gz

  Scheme88 is available by anonymous ftp from rice.edu:/public/scheme88.sh
  and also from the Scheme Repository.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [2-2] Commercial Scheme implementations.

Chez Scheme:

  Chez Scheme Version 5 is a high-performance implementation of Scheme
  conforming to the IEEE/ANSI Scheme Standard and the R4RS.  Chez Scheme
  provides an incremental optimizing compiler, complete run-time library,
  generation-based garbage collector, interactive inspector, and C
  interface.  New Version 5 features include improved performance,
  lexical macros, multiple values, shared incremental heaps, guardians
  and weak pairs, and generic ports.  Version 5 is available for Sparc
  SunOS and Solaris, Alpha OSF/1, SGI IRIX 5.X, Motorola mc88000 SVR3/4,
  80386 NeXT Mach, BSDI BSD/386, and Linux.  More information on Chez
  Scheme can be obtained via anomymous ftp from
     ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/scheme/chezscheme/
  Site license fees start at $9000 ($4500 academic).  We are not able to
  handle personal sales at this time.  For detailed pricing and ordering
  information contact [email protected] or Kent Dybvig at
  [email protected].  Cadence Research Systems, 3814 Devonshire South,
  Bloomington, IN 47408-9698, USA.  Phone 812-333-9269, fax 812-332-4688.

EdScheme, WinScheme Editor, 3DScheme, "The Schemer's Guide", and
"The Schemer's Guide to C++":

  Schemers Inc. publishes software and textbooks that promote the
  use and advancement of Scheme in the educational and commercial
  sectors. Their products include:

  +  The WinScheme Editor v2.0. This is a Windows full-featured MDI
     (Multiple Document Interface) editor for Scheme programs. It knows
     about Scheme syntax and contains comprehensive code formatting
     facilities. It provides a channel for sending programs direct to
     Windows-based Scheme interpreters, allowing users to develop, test,
     and edit Scheme code from within the editor. The WinScheme Editor
     also includes a substantial set of context-sensitive online
     documentation for the programming environment and the Scheme
     language.  The WinScheme Editor requires MS Windows 3.1 or later (with
     Win32s), Windows 95 or Windows NT with 2MB RAM and 3MB hard disk space.
     The retail price for the WinScheme Editor is $89.95.

  +  EdScheme for Windows v4.2a. This is an R4RS-compatible Windows-based
     Scheme interpreter. It is seamlessly integrated into the WinScheme
     Editor and provides a fully customizable transcript window that
     journals Scheme sessions and serves as a command window.  EdScheme
     can be customized by specifying a load-path, a start-up file of
     library procedures, and setting its level of Windows multi-tasking
     tolerance. EdScheme for Windows includes a turtle graphics
     interface, Windows API access for creating windows, dialogs, and
     interacting with the mouse, and an integrated debugging facility.
     EdScheme for Windows is a 32-bit application that requires MS
     Windows 3.1 or later (with Win32s), Windows 95 or Windows NT with
     4MB RAM and 4MB of hard disk space.  The retail price for EdScheme
     for Windows is $129.95. (Note: The WinScheme Editor is integrated
     into EdScheme and does not need to be ordered separately.)

  +  3DScheme for Windows v1.3. This is a Windows-based R4RS Scheme
     interpreter incorporating over 550 geometrical Scheme primitives that
     access Spatial Technology Inc's ACIS (R) Geometric Modeling Kernel,
     the de facto industry standard in 3D modeling. The 3D modeling
     features include:
       -  construction of solid bodies from blocks, cylinders, cone
          frustums, spheres, and toruses.
       -  construction of wire-bodies from straight, circular,
          elliptical, Bezier, and spline edges.
       -  construction of solids by extruding planar faces or
          profiles along a vector or revolving about an axis.
       -  application of rigid transformations, uniform scaling, and
          boolean operations.
       -  intersect, trim, fillet, and chain edges.
       -  simultaneous views of solids from several different angles.
       -  dynamically accepted event-driven input for picking,
          rubber banding, or dragging.
       -  rendering of solids using flat or Gouraud technology and
          configurable refinements, materials, texture spaces, and
          render lights.
       -  saving and loading collections of solid and wire entities
          from disk in .sat format.
       -  outputting rendered images as high resolution bitmaps or
          Postscript files.
     As with EdScheme for Windows, 3DScheme is seamlessly integrated with
     the WinScheme Editor.  3DScheme also ships with the "Getting Started
     with ACIS 3D Toolkit Using Scheme" book which is described below.
     3DScheme is a 32-bit application that requires MS Windows 3.1 or
     later (with Win32s), Windows 95 or Windows NT with 8MB RAM and 16MB
     of hard disk space.  A 3DScheme demo program is available from the
     Scheme repository in the "promo" directory or may be requested from
     Schemers Inc. 3DScheme for Windows retails for $495 (call for academic
     discount). (Note: The WinScheme Editor is integrated into 3DScheme and
       does not need to be ordered separately.)

  +  EdScheme for Macintosh v4.0. This is an R4RS-compatible
     Macintosh-based Scheme interpreter.  The programming environment
     takes advantage of the capabilities of the Macintosh computer.  Its
     user interface includes a full-featured integrated editor, with
     special capabilities such as parenthesis-matching, program
     formatting, file indexing, and template editing.  In addition,
     customized transcript and debugging windows featuring colored and
     styled text are provided.  The interpreter features a powerful and
     comprehensive turtle graphics interface, unlimited precision "bignum"
     integral and rational/complex number arithmetic, file handling
     facilities, and language extensions using macros and transformers.
     EdScheme for Macintosh runs from floppy or hard drive and requires a
     Mac Plus or later, System 6.0.4 or better, and 2MB RAM.  EdScheme for
     Macintosh retails for $59.95.

  +  EdScheme for DOS v3.4. This is a DOS-based Scheme interpreter that
     incorporates a large subset of R4RS.  EdScheme for DOS features an
     integrated editor with automatic parenthesis-matching, a turtle
     graphics interface, debugging facility, comprehensive file-handling
     capabilities, macros and more.  It runs from floppy or hard drive and
     requires MS DOS 3.3 or later and 512KB RAM.  EdScheme for DOS retails
     for $49.95.

  + "The Schemer's Guide - Second Edition" by Iain Ferguson with
    Edward Martin and Burt Kaufman.  Foreword by Daniel Friedman.
    (1995--346pp.--Paper--ISBN 0-9628745-2-3)
    The Schemer's Guide presents the elements of modern computer programming
    in an easy-to-follow and entertaining manner.  The book introduces
    students to the Scheme programming language, guiding them through such
    concepts as functional programming, recursion, data structures, higher
    order functions, delayed evaluation, and object-oriented programming.
    The Schemer's Guide concludes with a significant game-playing project
    involving artificial intelligence. The book strikes a good balance
    between theory and practice, while nurturing good programming
    practices.  The Schemer's Guide has a proven track record of several
    years use in teaching the art of Scheme programming to high school
    students and college undergraduates. A comprehensive teacher's guide
    and an additional set of resource materials including worksheets,
    quizzes, projects, and exams are available to instructors using this
    text.  The retail price of the book is $35.95. (A Spanish
    translation of "The Schemer's Guide" is available.)

  +  "The Schemer's Guide to C++" by Iain Ferguson
     (1996--92 pp.--Paper--ISBN 1-888579-11-0)
     The Schemer's Guide to C++ builds on the solid theoretical foundation
     provided by an increasing number of courses--such as those based on
     the introductory textbook, The Schemer's Guide--that introduce the
     principles of modern computer science via the Scheme language.  From
     this basis it provides students with a fundamental, pratical working
     knowledge of the programming language C++. The author uses his
     experience as a full-time, commercial programming professional to lead
     students step by step from the elegant principles of high level
     programming with which they are already familiar to the nitty-gritty
     of C++, but without ever losing sight of the computer science
     fundamentals that underlie good programming practice.  As in "The
     Schemer's Guide", students quickly learn to write complete,
     non-trivial programs, including the design and implementation of a
     modern container class library.  This unashamedly practical course is
     perfect for students and teachers who seek a clear, direct, fast-track
     path to learning C++.  The retail price of the book is $17.95.


  +  "Getting Started with ACIS 3D Toolkit Using Scheme" by Edward
     Martin.  (1995--260pp.--Paper--ISBN 0-9628745-1-5)
     This Getting Started book includes all you need to know about Scheme,
     mathematics, and solid modeling to become a skilled 3D modeler using
     3DScheme or the ACIS 3D Toolkit.  The retail price for the book is
     $35.95, but is included free with 3DScheme for Windows.

  For more information about these products, write to Schemers Inc.,
  2136 NE 68th Street, Suite 401, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, call
  954-776-7376, or fax 954-776-6174. You can also send EMail to
  [email protected].

  Schemers' European distributor, Lambda Publications, is reachable by
  phone at 44-793-695296 or by EMail on [email protected].

Gambit Scheme requires a license for commercial users. See the entry
in [2-1] for details.

Ibuki PC Scheme:

  Ibuki PC Scheme 5.01 is a modern, up-to-date implementation of TI
  PC-Scheme (see [2-1]). Ibuki purchased the rights to TI PC Scheme
  on July 13, 1992. Ibuki PC Scheme runs under DOS on all IBM
  compatible PCs, including 486s, and can use up to 4mb of extended
  memory. It will also run under Windows 3.1. For more information,
  contact IBUKI, 340 Second Street, PO Box 1627, Los Altos, CA 94022,
  phone (415) 961-4996, fax (415) 961-8016, email Richar Weyhrauch
  <[email protected]>. Ibuki has a special pricing program for schools
  teaching Scheme in courses.

Inlab-Scheme:

 Inlab-Scheme is an independent implementation of the algorithmic
 language Scheme as defined by the R4RS and the IEEE Standard
 1178.  In addition to the language core Inlab-Scheme has support
 for bitmap/greymap processing of several kinds. Inlab-Scheme can
 be used as a general tool for image processing, OCR or specialized
 optical object and pattern recognition.

 Inlab-Scheme is distributed at <http://www.munich.net/inlab/scheme>,
 where additional information about the current state of the project,
 supported platforms, current license fees and more is available.

MacScheme:

  MacScheme is a Scheme interpreter and compiler for the Apple Macintosh, and
  includes an editor, debugger and object system.  MacScheme costs $125
  (includes compiler) and Scheme Express costs $70 (interpreter only). It
  requires 1mb RAM. A development environment (MacScheme+Toolsmith) costs
  $495. Conforms to the Revised^4 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme.
  MacScheme+Toolsmith includes support for menus, windows, and interfaces to
  the Macintosh Toolbox, and can create small standalone Macintosh
  executables. Implemented by Will Clinger, John Ulrich, Liz Heller and Eric
  Ost.  Write to: Lightship Software, PO Box 1636, Beaverton, OR 97075, or
  call (503) 292-8765. They're moving to California. The temporary phone
  number is 415-940-4008 (Liz Heller). The new phone number will be
  415-694-7799, or fax bug reports to 415-694-7705 or 800-441-5015.
  MacScheme is distributed by Academic Computing Specialists (ACS),
  2015 East 3300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84109-2630, 1-800-531-3227
  or 1-800-552-1601 (801-484-3923), fax 801-467-2200. These products
  may also be purchased from Academic Computing Specialists, PO Box
  711, Dewey, AZ 86327, tel 602-632-7176, fax 602-632-7631.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [2-3] What Scheme-related discussion groups and mailing lists exist?

Before posting to any discussion group, please read the rest
of this FAQ, to make sure your question isn't already answered.

See the Lisp FAQ for a list of Lisp-related discussion groups and
mailing lists. We list here only those newsgroups and mailing lists
directly associated with Scheme.

Newsgroups:

  comp.lang.scheme        General Scheme-related discussion.
                          This newsgroup is available in digest
                          fromat as part of the Scheme Digest
                          [email protected].
  comp.lang.scheme.c      Discussion of C-Scheme, a scheme dialect
                          more commonly known as "MIT Scheme".
                          This newsgroup is gatewayed to the
                          [email protected] mailing list.
  comp.lang.scheme.scsh   Discussion of Scsh, the ``Scheme Shell'', a UNIX
                          shell/systems programming environment implemented
                          on top of Scheme 48 (a portable, byte-code
                          compiled R4RS Scheme implementation).
                          This newsgroup is gatewayed to the
                          [email protected] mailing list.
  comp.lang.lisp.x        Discussion of XLISP, a dialect of Lisp, and XScheme.
  comp.lang.dylan         Discussion of Dylan (see [4-6]), Apple's
                          new Scheme-like programming language. Gatewayed to
                          [email protected].

We list several mailing lists below. In general, to be added to
a mailing list, send mail to the "-request" version of the address.
This avoids flooding the mailing list with annoying and trivial
administrative requests. [To subscribe to info-mcl, info-dylan, or
other mailing lists based at cambridge.apple.com, send a message to
[email protected] with "subscribe <list_name>" in the
message body. Likewise use "unsubscribe <list_name>" to cancel your
subscription and "help" to get help.]


General Scheme Mailing Lists:

  [email protected]           Discussion of Scheme. Gatewayed to
                                  the comp.lang.scheme newsgroup.
  [email protected]               General discussion about Scheme.


Particular Flavors of Scheme:

  [email protected],
  [email protected]  C-Scheme. Gatewayed to the
                                  comp.lang.scheme.c newsgroup.

  [email protected]           T, a dialect of Scheme.

  [email protected]    PseudoScheme

  [email protected]  Dylan (not really scheme, but)

----------------------------------------------------------------
;;; *EOF*

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