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From: Craig A Finseth <[email protected]>
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Last-Modified: 2017-12-13
Posting-Frequency: bi-monthly
URL: http://www.finseth.com/emacs.html
Copyright: 1990-9, 2000-17 by Craig A. Finseth
Archive-name: emacs-implementations
Disclaimer: Approval for *.answers is based on form, not content.

Emacs Implementations

   Document id

       Emacs Implementations and Literature
       ftp://ftp.finseth.com/users/emacs
       http://www.finseth.com/emacs.html

       Last posted 2017-12-13
       reposted about every 2 months

   Contact:

       Craig A. Finseth <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
       http://www.finseth.com.  Please send updates directly to the
       author via email.

       Note the information regarding "The Craft of Text Editing"!

       People interested in this FAQ might also be interested in:

           http://www.jwz.org/doc/emacs-timeline.html

       and:

           http://www.emacswiki.org

   Copyright

       This FAQ document is Copyright 1990-9,2000-16 by Craig A. Finseth.

       It may be reproduced and archived as part of normal network
       distribution.  Such distribution is assumed to include CD/ROM or other
       bulk, unedited distribution.

       It may be reproduced for individual or non-commerical use provided
       that it is reproduced intact.

       It may be reproduced for commercial use provided:

       o   it is reproduced essentially intact including all copyright
           notices and acknowledgements,

       o   the publisher obtains the latest version directly from the
           FAQ maintainer (using the above FTP/WWW site is acceptable),

       o   the publisher provides the FAQ maintainer with information
           on what collection the copy of the FAQ is in, and how that
           collection may be obtained,

       o   all material modifications (other than formatting) are
           clearly marked.

   Posted to comp.editors, comp.emacs, alt.religion.emacs, alt.answers,
       comp.answers, news.answers

   Description

       This document provides a partial -- and not comprehensive -- list
       of implementations of Emacs-type editors and literature about such
       editors. You can help make it more comprehensive by sending me
       additional information and/or updates.

       This document is also gradually acquiring the role of a repository
       of (at least) Emacs-related history. While that subject requires a
       book to itself, this document will probably serve until someone
       (_not_ me!) writes one.

       This document is available via anonymous FTP and WWW. See above
       URLs.

       To be included in this list:

       o   A piece of literature should be a book, manual, article, paper,
           or something that covers (or mentions) Emacs in particular or
           text editing techniques in general. Specifically excluded are
           items that are only of interest to non-Emacs users (a book on
           "how to use vi") or vendor manuals for Emacs implementations
           (as those are implicitly included in the implementations).
           Non-vendor (i.e., third party) manuals are included.

       o   An implementation must either (1) be "advertised" as being an
           Emacs-type editor or (2) be extensible and come with an Emacs
           command set "mode" already written. Editors that are extensible
           but do not come with such a mode (i.e., you have to write it
           yourself) are not listed.

      The following information is included for each implementation:

       The *NAME* line contains the name of the implementation.
       Implementations are listed alphabetically by name. Acronym
       expansions are listed in ()s. Other acronyms:

           TECO    TAPE Editor and COrrector
                   (later: Text Editor and COrrector)
           EMACS   Editor MACroS

       The *LAST* *CHANGED/VERIFIED* line contains the date that the entry was
       last changed or an explict "looks ok to me" was received. This
       field was added 1994-12-20, so all entries were initialized to that
       value.

       The *ORIGINAL* *DISTRIBUTION* is the date (or partial date) of the
       first release. It is in YYYY-MM-DD format.

       The *VERSION* is the latest known version. It is probably out of
       date.

       The *BASE* *LANGUAGE* is the language that you need a compiler or
       interpreter for in order to use the editor. If the software is
       distributed as a pre-compiled binary, this should be the language
       that the program was written in.

       The *IMPLEMENTATION* *LANGUAGE* is the language that the bulk of the
       implementation is written in.

       The *EXTENSION* *LANGUAGE* is the (often custom or modified) language
       that the is used when altering or writing extensions to the
       implementation. It is "none" if there is no extension language.

       The *SCOPE* is either "command set" or "extensible." In the first
       case, the implementation offers a basic Emacs command set; however
       the user cannot readily change what the commands do. In the second
       case, the user can fully control what all of the commands do.

       The *REQUIREMENTS* is a brief characterization of what hardware or
       software is required. The purpose of this item is to offer a broad
       selection key; not be a comprehensive list. You should consult the
       implementation (for free software) or the vendor to find out
       whether a specific implementation works in your environment. For
       example:

       o   "UNIX" refers to any version of UNIX(tm) from any vendor.
       o   "IBM PC" is used to cover MS/DOS, OS/2, and Windows
           implementations.

       (Starting Dec 1994 the list will support an additional level of
       detail for IBM PCs.)

       o   "DOS" refers to MS/DOS support. May also run under Windows or
           OS/2 in some mode. - "Windows" refers to Microsoft Windows support.
       o   "OS/2" refers to to OS/2 support. - "Windows NT" refers to
           Microsoft Windows NT support.

       The *ORGANIZATION* is the name of and contact information for the
       implementor OR >CURRENT MAINTAINER<.

       The *STATUS* is one of

       o   no longer available: Self-explanatory.
       o   free: The implementation is available to most people at no
           charge. Even such "free" implementations may have restrictions:
           consult information about the particular implementation. Where
           available, information on how to obtain a copy is also listed.
       o   not free: The implementation is for sale. Contact the vendor
           for specifics.

       Many of the names of the implementations in this list are
       trademarked. Specific trademarks are not called out.

       Full source code is available for all of the free implementations.
       Source availability varies among the not free implementations:
       check with the vendor before you buy.

Table of Contents

Literature

   GNU Emacs and XEmacs: A Better Way to Learn Emacs and Lisp

           Title:          GNU Emacs and XEmacs: A Better Way to Learn Emacs and Lisp
           Author(s):      Larry Ayers
           Publisher:      Prima Publishing
           Size:           544pp
           ISBN:           0-7615-2446-0
           Price:          $49.99

       _Notes:_ 2001, with CD containing source and images of XEmacs
       21.1.14 and 21.4.3,  GNU Emacs 20.7 and 21.0, and many add-on
       packages. Good coverage of customization and add-on packages.

   Learning Gnu Emacs, 3rd Edition

           Title:          Learning Gnu Emacs, 3rd Edition
           Author(s):      Debra Cameron, james Elliott, Marc Loy, Eric Raymond, & Bill Rosenblatt
           Publisher:      O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.
           Size:           534pp
           ISBN:           0-596-00648-9
           Price:          $39.95

       _Notes:_ Emacs 21.30 and above

   The Craft of Text Editing: Emacs for the Modern World

           Title:          The Craft of Text Editing: Emacs for the Modern World
           Author(s):      Craig A. Finseth
           Publisher:      Springer-Verlag
           Size:           220pp, 10 chapters, 5 appendices
           ISBN:           0-387-97616-7, 3-540-97616-7
           Price:          $39.95
           Japanese language edition: 4-938704-26-9 Y3600 paper

       _Notes:_ 1991-10, first edition not version specific.  The
       Springer-Verlag edition is out of print.  The book is available
       via the web at:

           http://www.finseth.com/craft

       and is also available in print form from the author.  It has ISBN
       978-1-4116-8297-9 (10-digit: 1-4116-8297-1). It is available
       from Lulu and from Amazon.com:

           http://people.lulu.com/users/index.php?fHomepage=370764
           http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1411682971

   GNU Emacs Reference

           Title:          GNU Emacs Reference
           Author(s):      Dennis Gentry
           Publisher:      Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
                           P.O. Box 55549
                           Seattle WA 98155
                           USA
                           +1 206 782 7733
                           +1 206 782 7191 fax
                           [email protected]
           Size:           18pp, 8 1/2" x 3 1/2"
           ISBN:           0-916151-83-2
           Price:          $4.50
           Notes:          1995, updated


   The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, GNU Emacs Version

           Title:          The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, GNU Emacs Version
                           19 for Unix Users, Edition 2.01, June 1993
           Author(s):      Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman and the GNU
                           Manual Group
           Pubisher:       Free Software Foundation
           Size:           748pp + 18pp index
           ISBN:           1-882114-20-5
           Price:          free (see GNU Emacs sites) or for fee from FSF
           Notes:          -

   Unix Desktop Guide to Emacs

           Title:          Unix Desktop Guide to Emacs
           Author(s):      Ralph Roberts and Mark Boyd
           Consultants:    Stephen G. Kochan and Patrick H. Wood
           Publisher:      Hayden Books (SAMS)
           Size:           xxiv + 504 pages, including index
           ISBN:           0-672-30171-7
           Price:          $27.95 US, $34.95 CAN

       _Notes:_ Copr. 1992, first printing 1992 Library of Congress
       Catalog Card No. 91-62815

   GNU Emacs:  UNIX Text Editing and Processing

           Title:          GNU Emacs:  UNIX Text Editing and Processing
           Author(s):      Michael A. Schoonover, John S. Bowie, and William R. Arnold
           Publisher:      Addison-Wesley / HP Press
           Size:           640pp, 14 chapters, 4 appendices
           ISBN:           0-201-56345-2
           Price:          $26.95

       _Notes:_ 1991-11, first printing Emacs 18

   GNU Emacs Manual, Twelfth Edition, Version 19.33

           Title:          GNU Emacs Manual, Twelfth Edition, Version 19.33
           Author(s):      Richard Stallman
           Publisher:      Free Software Foundation
           Size:           506pp
           ISBN:           1-882114-52-3 (may have changed)
           Price:          free (see GNU Emacs sites) or for fee from FSF

   Sams Teach Yourself Emacs in 24 Hours,

           Title:          Sams Teach Yourself Emacs in 24 Hours
           Author(s):      Jesper Pedersen, with contributions from
                           Jari Aalto, Charles Curley, Eric Ludlam,
                           and Larry Ayers
           Publisher:      Sams Publishing
           Size:           approx. 445pp including index, CD included
           ISBN:           0-672-31594-7
           Price:          $24.99 (to be released Apr/May 1999)

   Writing GNU Emacs Extensions

           Title:          Writing GNU Emacs Extensions
           Author(s):      Bob Glickstein
           Publisher:      O'Reilly and Associates, Inc.
           Size:           215pp
           ISBN:           1-56592-261-1
           Price:          $29.95

       _Notes:_ April 1997, First Edition. "[E]xamples ... all developed
       and tested in GNU Emacs version 19.34 under various flavors of
       UNIX.... [P]resumes familiar[ity] with programming and with Emacs."
       Lisp fundamentals are presented, with "Lisp Quick Reference."

GNU-Emacs binaries

   GNU-Emacs

           name: GNU-Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2007-08-23
           original distribution: ?
           version: 22.1
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements:

               too many to list

       Organization:

           Free Software Foundation
           59 Temple Place, Suite 330
           Boston MA 02111-1307
           USA
           +1 617 542 5942
           +1 617 542 2652 fax
           [email protected]

       Free, anonymous FTP from:

           ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/

       OS/2 (proabably obsolete data):

           http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-browse?sh=1&dir=/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs

       Windows Supplement (confirmed 2007-06-22):

           EmacsW32
           http://ourcomments.org/Emacs/EmacsW32.html

       Macintosh ports (proabably obsolete data):

           FSF's Emacs 20.6 port by Andrew Choi
           http://www.csis.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/index.html

           XEmacs 19.14 port to MacOS 8 and XEmacs 21.5.9 port
           to Mac OS X by Pitts Jarvis
           http://my.ispchannel.com/~pjarvis/xemacs.html

           Version 1.17 is available from:
           ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/
           [email protected]

           http://download.vector.co.jp/pack/mac/writing/edit/nit591.sea.bin
           This is a bare-bones Japanese version of EMACS.  It's missing all
           the cool GNU-stuff (including help),  but it does do split-
           screening and all of the cursor/text editing commands that I
           tried.  It's a 86.7K (yes, that's kilobytes!) download.  A very
           sweet blend of EMACS and Macintosh technology.
           (Edward <[email protected]>)

           http://www.csis.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/
           Version 20.6.  This is by far the most comprehensive and
           fastest version of EMACS for the Mac.  It is also the most
           actively developed version I know of.  Even mail can be
           implemented by remapping mail calls to Eudora-Lite Applescripts.
           The only bummer is that there is no GNUS and no printing!
           (Edward <[email protected]>)

           http://packages.opendarwin.org/dmgs
           Scott J. Kramer
           [email protected]

       WinCE (proabably obsolete data):

           http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/emacs/emacs-wince.html

       Binaries only (proabably obsolete data):

       o   for win95: ftp://ftp.cs.washington.edu/pub/ntemacs/latest/i386/
           ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/ibmpc/dos/apps/editors/emacs19.24
           ftp.imada.ou.dk:pub/mirrors/msdos/emacs-19.24
           Randy Zack <[email protected]>, MS-DOS,
       o   Linux   sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO
       o   ftp://ftp.vms.stacken.kth.se/GNU-VMS/Beta/ EMACS-19_22-**.TAR-GZ.
           info at: http://www.e.kth.se/elev/levitte/gnu/emacs.html
           on the SPAN network, contact rdss::corbet

       On UUCP, contact one of (proabably obsolete data (:-)):

           hao!scicom!qetzal!upba!ugn!nepa!denny
           hqda-ai!merlin
           uunet!hutch!barber
           sun!nosun!illian!darylm
           oli-stl!root
           [email protected]
           [email protected] (or osu-cis!uucp)

   Ohio State also posts their UUCP instructions regularly to
   the news group comp.sources.d

   _Note:_ You can also obtain tapes and CD-ROM distributions from the FSF.

Implementations Available For No Charge

   AMIS

           name: AMIS
           last changed/verified: 2002-07-22
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: Pascal
           implementation language: Pascal
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: VMS, Norsk Data, Tops10, RSTS
           organization/author:

                   Stacken Computer Club
                   c/o NADA
                   S-100 44 Stockholm
                   Sweden
                   [email protected]

       _Note:_ the name is an abbreviation of "Anti-MISAER" (where "AE" is
       the "ae" glyph). "Misaer" is Swedish (svenska) for "piece of junk,
       or deep shit functionality" (translation provided by the person who
       told me about this) The name thus means "not a piece of junk."
       Tops10, RSTS, Norsk Data versions are free, send them a 1/2 inch,
       2400-foot magnetic tape and return postage VMS version is $1000 US
       (the money supports their DEC10 museum)

       Addendum from Jesper Larsson <[email protected]>: This is
       not quite correct. First, if "misAEr" is the Swedish word, "AE"
       should not be the "ae" glyph (not used in Swedish -- maybe it's
       spelled that way in Norwegian), but an "a" with two dots above
       it. Secondly, this word actually means "destitution" or "penury".
       It is closely related to the English word "misery". [ I am _not_
       going to get in the middle of a how to translate Swedish to
       English issue here -- Craig ]

           free from
                   http://pdp-10.trailing-edge.com/tops10_tools_bb-fp64b-sb/index.html


   Anthony's Editor

           name: ae (Anthony's Editor)
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-30
           original distribution: ?
           version: Feb 92
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Unix, IBM PC, Atari ST; requires curses
           organization/author:
                   Anthony Howe
                   Mortice Kern Systems Inc.
                   35 King St N
                   Waterloo Ontario
                   Canada N2J 6W9
                   [email protected]
           free, periodically posted to Comp.editors
                   http://sites.google.com/site/texteditors/Home/files/Anthonys_Editor.zip

   Aquamacs

           name: Aquamacs
           last changed/verified: 2006-06-28
           original distribution: ?
           version: 0.9.9d
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   http://aquamacs.org
           free, from
                   http://aquamacs.org
           This is a port of GNU-Emacs tailored to the Macintosh Aqua
           environment.

   Atto

           name: atto - smallest functional Emacs in less that 2000 lines of C
           last changed/verified: 2015-12-08
           original distribution: 2015-11-16
           version: 1.4
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set, multi buffer, multi-window, search, cut, copy, paste
           hardware/software requirements: Unix, Linux
           organization/author:
                   Hugh Barney
           free, from github
                 https://github.com/hughbarney/atto

   Barry's Emacs

           name: Barry's Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2017-03-05
           original distribution: 1994
           version: V7.2-246 Win32,Release b1-November-2016 V8.3.3 released with kits for Windows 7 64 bit and later and Mac OS X 64 bit
           base language: C++
           implementation language: MLisp
           extension language: MLisp, Python
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Windows, Unix
           organization/author:
                   Barry Scott
                   [email protected]
           free, from:
                   http://www.barrys-emacs.org/
                   https://github.com/barry-scott/BarrysEmacs
           a bit of history...the source was posted to the net by James
           Gosling (in about 1980-ish, I think). It was modifed by Barry,
           within Digital Equipment Corporation. It ran on VMS and was
           available only internally to Digital. The language changed to
           Bliss-32 (better performance on VMS) and then to C (for
           portability) and now C++. Barry left Digital in 1994 and about
           then (or perhaps a little sooner?) released to the public.
           -- Jack Horsfield <[email protected]>
                   http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/barrysemacs/
           Python implementation

   Bzdired

           name: bzdired
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-30
           original distribution: 1998
           version: 7.1
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: superset of what you type
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Unix
           organization/author:
                   Ralph Betza (FM)
                   [email protected]
           free, from:
                   http://scscomm.com/~gnohmon/dired.cpio.gz
                   likely no longer available

   Climacs

           name: Climcs
           last changed/verified: 2015-03-28
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: Lisp?
           extension language: Lisp?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
           free from
                   http://common-lisp.net/project/climacs/

   Demacs

           name: Demacs
           last changed/verified: 1999-08-14
           original distribution: 1992?
           version: 1.2.0
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, 386 or better, MS-DOS
           organization/author:
                   Manabu Higashida
                   Osaka University
                   JAPAN
                   [email protected]

                   HIRANO Satoshi
                   University of Tokyo
                   Japan
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp.sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp in pub/Msdos/Demacs/*
                   utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp in GNU/demacs/*
                   on Garbo-PC mirror sites
                   ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/editor

       _Note:_ Demacs is currently based on GNU Emacs version 18.55 (partly
       18.57). You may wish to check out OEmacs, GNU-Emacs v19.23 or
       later, or NTEmacs.

   E3

           name: E3
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-30
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: C,asm
           implementation language: C
           extension language: C
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Linux, FreeBSD, BeOs
           organization/author:
                   Albrecht Kleine
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   http://sites.google.com/site/e3editor/

   EDMACS

           name: EDMACS
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 2.0
           base language: TECO
           implementation language: TECO
           extension language: TECO
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: PDP/11
           organization/author:
                   Michael Bloom
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from

                   usc.edu in /pub/teco/soflib.tar.Z
                   (in subdir "11-737" of tar image)

           DECUS program library as DECUS #11-737 (nominal media charge)

   Edwin

           name: Edwin
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: CScheme
           implementation language: CScheme
           extension language: CScheme
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, 386-DOS
           organization/author:
                   Scheme Distribution
                   c/o Prof. Hal Abelson
                   545 Technology Sq. Room 410
                   Cambridge MA 02139
                   USA
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   zurich.ai.mit.edu in pub/scheme/README
           also, check out other Scheme implementations

   Elle

           name: Elle (Elle Looks Like Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 4.1g
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, MINIX, TOPS-20, TOPS-10 (!)
           organization/author:
                   Ken Harrenstein
                   c/o SRI International
                   333 Ravenswood Ave
                   Menlo Park CA  94025
                   USA
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   nisc.sri.com in pub/klh/elle.tar (or elle.tar.Z)

   Emacs

           name: Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2006-03-21
           original distribution: 1975
           version: 165
           base language: MIDAS (PDP10/DEC-20 assembly language)
           implementation language: TECO
           extension language: TECO
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: PDP10/ITS or DEC-20/TOPS-20
           organization/author:
                   Richard M. Stallman
                   MIT AI Lab/MIT Lab. for Comp. Sci.
                   545 Technology Square
                   Cambridge MA 02139
                   USA
           http://pdp-10.trailing-edge.com/tapes/mit_emacs_170_teco_1220.tap.bz2

       _Note:_ this is the original free, anonymous FTP from ?

   Emacs for Android

           name: Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2015-06-21
           original distribution: ?
           version: 2012-08-23
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: Android
           organization/author:
                   [email protected]
           free, from
                   https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zielm.emacs
                   https://zielmicha.com/

   Emacs for HP49G and HP49G+

           name: Emacs for HP49G and HP49G+
           last changed/verified: 2015-08-14
           original distribution: 2000-?-?
           version: 2.00
           base language: HP49G-specific
           implementation language: HP49G-specific
           extension language: HP49G-specific
           scope of implementation: command
           hardware/software requirements:
                   HP49G or HP49G+ calculator
           organization/author:
                   Carsten Dominik, dominik science.uva.nl
                   Peter Geelhoed, p.f.geelhoed wbmt.tudelft.nl
           free anonymous FTP:
                   https://staff.science.uva.nl/c.dominik/hpcalc/emacs/

       _Note:_ While possibly not a "real" Emacs, this is just too
       cool to leave out.

   Emacs for NeXTstep

           name: Emacs for NeXTstep (aka Emacs.app)
           last changed/verified: 1995-06-15
           original distribution: 1994-04-24
           version: 4.1
           base language: Objective C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Any hardware/software which GNU Emacs
                   19.28 runs on in general.  To use the added NeXTstep features
                   requires NeXTstep 3.x or later (for best results 3.3 or later)
                   on any hardware platform supported by NeXTstep.
           organization/author:
                   Carl Edman
                   Department of Physics
                   Princeton University
                   Princeton NJ 08540
                   USA
                   [email protected]
           free anonymous FTP:
                   - Binary package for m68k, i386, hppa and sparc NeXTstep machines on
                     ftp.cs.orst.edu in
                     pub/next/binaries/editors/Emacs_for_NeXTstep_4.1.pkg.NIHS.b.tar.gz.
                   -  Source on ftp.cs.orst.edu in
                     pub/next/sources/editors/Emacs_for_NeXTstep_4.1.src.NIHS.s.tar.gz.

       _Note:_ Emacs for NeXTstep 4.1 is a superset of GNU Emacs 19.28
       with which it shares most of the code. The main change is that this
       Emacs supports the NeXTstep window system on the same level as GNU
       Emacs supports the X window system. It continues to fully support
       the X window system as well.

       Also, this may be new information on the same release: Emacs.app, a
       full port of GNU Emacs to NeXTstep also supporting NS features,
       runs on Intel, NeXT, and HP hardware.

       There are also two mailing lists for Emacs for NS,
       <[email protected]> and
       <[email protected]>. The former is intended
       for general discussion and allows anybody to post. The latter
       restricts posting and should contain only a handful of
       announcements of new releases every year. Both of these lists are
       handled by the CREN Listproc which means that you can subscribe and
       unsubscribe automatically. For example, to subscribe to
       emacs-for-ns-users I'd send a message with the content `SUBSCRIBE
       emacs-for-ns-users Carl Edman' to <[email protected]>.
       For more details write to the same address with the content `HELP'.

       This is the second public release of Emacs for NeXTstep (**).

       ** So why in the world is it called version 4.1 ? To avoid
       confusion with the older Emacs.app interface (lately up to
       version 3.1) which is completely unrelated except for the fact
       that its author, Michael Brouwer, has been a major contributor to
       this project as well. And even he has replaced the old Emacs.app
       with Emacs for NeXTstep.

   Emacs for OS X and OS 9

           name: Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2005-02-03
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Sebastien Kirche
                   [email protected]
           free, from
                   http://sebastien.kirche.free.fr/emacs_stuff/
                   http://sebastien.kirche.free.fr/emacs_stuff/en.html

           OS X and OS 9 ports.

   EmACT

           name: EmACT
           last changed/verified: 2007-01-03
           original distribution: 1986 (bundled with Let'C compiler)
           version: 2.50.0
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: Minimal Lisp and/or OpenLisp (this one is not GPL)
           scope of implementation: command set, tailored for Lisp programs
           hardware/software requirements: Windows, Pocket PC, Unix
           organization/author:
                   Christian Jullien - Eligis
                   4, villa des reinettes
                   S-95390 Saint-Prix
                   France
                   jullien(at)eligis(.)com
           free (GPL) from
                   http://www.eligis.com/emacs

       Note: this a 1986 fork (sic!) of Conroy's MicroEmacs. The name
       comes from a company the author worked for when starting this
       development.  The motivation was to implement a Lisp-friendly
       editor on MS-DOS PC to write programs for Le-Lisp dialect.
       It is now the editor of choice for OpenLisp
       (see http://www.eligis.com).

   Epoch

           name: Epoch
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 4.2
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, others
           organization/author:
                   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
                   Urbana-Champaign IL
                   USA
                   [email protected]
                   uunet!uiucdcs!epoch-request
                   epoch-request%[email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   cs.uiuc.edu in pub/epoch-files/epoch/*

       _Note:_ this is a modified GNU Emacs. Has been merged with Lucid
       emacs.

   ErgoEmacs

           name: ErgoEmacs
           last changed/verified: 2010-02-01
           original distribution: ?
           version: 1.7.1
           base language: Lisp
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: Lisp
           hardware/software requirements: Emacs 23
           organization/author:
                   Xah Lee and David Capello
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   http://ergoemacs.org/

   Ermacs

           name: Ermacs
           last changed/verified: 2003-09-25
           original distribution: ?
           version: 0.9
           base language: Erlang
           implementation language: Erlang
           extension language: Erlang
           scope of implementation: Erlang
           hardware/software requirements: Erlang, S-Lang
           organization/author:
                   Luke Gorrie
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   http://www.bluetail.com/~luke/ermacs/

   ErsatzEMACS

           name: ErsatzEMACS
           last changed/verified: 2013-02-24
           original distribution: ?
           version: 1.0
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Unix, Linux
           organization/author:
                   Chris Baird
                   <[email protected]>
           free, from github
                   https://github.com/stangelandcl/ersatz-emacs.git

       Note: This derived from MicroEmacs 3.06. The title "Ersatz"
       comes from the category Richard Stallman uses in MIT AI Memo 519a
       to describe those editors that are a surface-deep imitation
       (key bindings) of "real" ITS Emacs.

   Evi

           name: evi
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: 1988-01-01
           version: 0.1
           base language: any vi editor itself
           implementation language: UNIX Bourne shell,
                   vi key mappings and vi command files
           extension language: vi key mappings and vi command files
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: a vi editor that can map keys and
                   read command files
           organization/author:
                   Bo Thide', of the Swedish Inst. of Space Physics
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous ftp from
                   ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/text-processing/vi/macros/evi.tar.Z

       _Note:_ This is a set of vi macros that does a fairly full Emacs
       implementation.

   Femtoemacs

           name: Femtoemacs
           last changed/verified: 2016-11-06
           original distribution:
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: Femtolisp
           extension language: Femtolisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   ?
           free from
                   https://github.com/FemtoEmacs/Femto-Emacs

   FINE

           name: FINE (Fine Is Not Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 2002-07-22
           original distribution: 1980?
           version:
           base language: BLISS-10
           implementation language: BLISS-10
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: PDP-10
           organization/author:
                   Mike Kazar
                   Carnegie Mellon University
                   USA
           free from
                   ftp://ftp.ultimate.com/pdp10/fine/

   Folding Editor

           name: fe (folding editor)
           last changed/verified: 2004-12-14
           original distribution: 1.0
           version: 1.6
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: C
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, SYSV curses
           origanization:
                   Michael Haardt
                   Guestener Strasse 8
                   52445 Titz
                   Germany
                   [email protected]
                   http://www.moria.de/~michael/fe/

       _Note:_ `fe' is a library of editor primitives, with the user
       interface built on top of that library. - fe is a successor to
       Origami.

   Freemacs

           name: Freemacs
           last changed/verified: 2007-08-23
           original distribution: ?
           version: 1.6a
           base language: 8086 assembler
           implementation language: 8086 assembler
           extension language: MINT, a string-oriented interpreter inspired by TRAC
                   P(MINT means "Mint Is Not TRAC")
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC

       Organization/author:

           Russell Nelson
           11 Grant Street
           Potsdam NY 13676
           USA

       Internet: anonymous FTP from

           ftp.cygnus.com in /pub/embedded/free-dos/editors/

       BBS:

           +1 315 268 6667 - 1200/2400 bps, 8N1, 24 hrs, pub/msdos/freemacs
           No registration required to download Freemacs.

       Bitnet and UUCP:

       Send mail to [email protected]. You may use
       archive-server%sun.soe@omnigate if you are on Bitnet, or
       {smart-host}!sun.soe.clarkson.edu!archive-server if you are using
       UUCP. The mail message should consist of 'help'. If you do not
       get a reply within a day, then your return path is broken. You'll
       need to use the path command to give a mail address that our
       mailer can grok. Our mailer can send mail to any address with an
       '@' in it, with the exception of ".UUCP" pseudo-addresses. Mail:
       $15 check or $17 PO copying fee to the author. This will assure
       you of the latest version. Please specify floppy format: [5.25,
       1.2 Meg], [5.25, 360K], [3.50, 720K]

   Freyja

           name: Freyja (Freyja Reduksjon Emacs, Ytre Jevn All: Freyja Reduces
                   Emacs, Yet Joins All)
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-30
           original distribution: 1991
           version: 2.3
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command
           hardware/software requirements: DOS, UNIX, HP95LX, HP100LX
           organization/author:
                   Craig Finseth
                   1343 Lafond
                   St. Paul MN  55104-2437
                   USA
                   +1 651 644 4027
                   [email protected]
           free from the author
                   http://www.finseth.com/parts/freyja.php

       _Note:_ optimized for RAM-based computing (laptops and palmtops)

   Gnome

           name: Gnome (Generally NOt the Micro Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 2001-03-14
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: VMS, Atari, MSDOS, Unix, CPM
           organization/author:
                   http://www.mirror.ac.uk/collections/hensa-micros/local/msdos/text/gnome/gnome.arc%5Bpeek%5D
                   http://www.su.shuttle.de/gnome24.tgz

                   ?

       Note: This is another old spin off Micro Emacs 2.x, small and
       fast.  Sources should be in the old atari-archives (if
       atari.archive.umich.edu exists, if not point ftpsearch to gnome.arc)
       supports VMS, Atari, MESSDOS, Unix 7, CP/M.

   GNU-Emacs, Macintosh port

           name: GNU-Emacs, Macintosh port
           last changed/verified: 1995-01-11
           original distribution: 1993
           version: 1.17
           base language: C  (CodeWarrior 6-7)
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Macintosh, System 7
           organization:
                   ?
           free, anonymous FTP from:
                   ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet

       _Note:_ based on 18.59, FAT binary

       _Note:_ see also the "Macintosh" section of the GNU Emacs writeup

   Gnu TeXmacs

           name: Gnu TeXmacs
           last changed/verified: 2002-04-03
           original distribution: ?
           version: 1.0.0.1
           base language: C++
           implementation language: C++
           extension language: Scheme
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Unix or Cygwin
           organization/author:
                   Joris van der Hoeven, <mailto:[email protected]>
           free
                   http://www.texmacs.org/
                   http://www.alqua.com/tmresources/

       _Note_: TeXmacs is a wysiwyg typesetting system that
       interfaces with symbolic math packages. It borrows from emacs
       the use of configurable keybindings.  Near fututre: More extension
       languages (Perl), better Web browsing capabilities, MathML support.

   Gulam

           name: Gulam
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-30
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: Atari
           organization/author:
                   ?

       Note: Another Micro Emacs 2 derivative extended by the possibility
       to act as a Unix-like shell on the Atari ST.

       Gulam is a command line interpreter. The Atari ST (an MC68000-based
       personal computer) version was released as a non-profit distribution
       to the public in 1987. It is now kept in all the anonymous FTP
       archives for that machine. It was in daily use by thousands. It
       integrated an Emacs-like editor, command line history, etc. into a
       very compact program. These features are now common-place in modern
       shells.
                   http://193.166.3.2/pub/atari/sysutil/

   Hemlock

           name: Hemlock
           last changed/verified: 2015-03-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: Lisp
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: CMU Common Lisp; MACH and/or SunOS
           organization/author:
                   Scott Fahlman
                   CMU Common Lisp project
                   Carnegie-Mellon University
                   USA
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   http://www.debian.org/Packages/stable/devel/cmucl-hemlock.html
                   http://www.debian.org/Packages/unstable/devel/cmucl-hemlock.html
           also not free as part of Lucid Common Lisp
           Clozure Common Lisp comes with a GUI-based Hemlock variant. It's written in Common Lisp.
                   http://ccl.clozure.com/docs/ccl.html#hemlock-programming

   (Portable) Hemlock

           name: Portable Hemlock
           last changed/verified: 2011-08-17
           original distribution: 2002-11
           version:
           base language: Common Lisp
           implementation language: Common Lisp
           extension language: Common Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Common Lisp, Unix X11, MacOSX
           organization/author:
                   Gilbert Baumann
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous CVS from
                   http://common-lisp.net/project/phemlock/
           also as part of Clozure Common Lisp

   Jade

           name: Jade (anagram of: A Jed)
           Last changed/verified: 2010-08-30
           original distribution: 1993
           version: 3.2 / 4.0 alpha
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX with X11
           organization/author:
                   John Harper
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp://ftp.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/people/John.Harper/jade/
                   http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~john/jade/
                   above links gone; may exist at archive.org
                   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/X/jade-3.2.tar.gz

   Jasspa

           name: Jasspa MicroEmacs, also NanoEmacs
           Last changed/verified: 2004-03-29
           original distribution: ?
           version: 2004.03
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, Windows, DOS
           organization/author:
                   see site
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   http://www.jasspa.com

   JED

           name: JED
           last changed/verified: 1998-04-27
           original distribution: ?
           version: 0.F98.1B
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: S-Lang
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, X11, VMS, DOS, OS/2, Windows,
                   small systems
           organization/author:
                   John E. Davis
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp://space.mit.edu/pub/davis/jed
                   http://space.mit.edu/%7Edavis/jed.html
           From a user:

       ...and I think it is worth to mention that JED (which is the
       "GNUishest" of all the non-GNU implementations -- almost *every*
       keystroke is like within GNU/XEmacs) has the complete editing
       part of the AUCTEX-package built in, with BibTeX-mode, so if you
       have to edit La/BibTeX-source outside your home/business, JED
       might be your first choice.

       And, what's more than that: JED runs on the smallest PC systems
       used these days: in the library etc. I take my Toshiba T1000
       (which was the first laptop and has a 4.77 MHz CPU in it: 512 KB
       RAM, *no* HD and a single FD) -- and works like a charm since it
       loads the necessary modules into memory only when needed (dired
       etc.).

       Unlike "freemacs" (which was my favourite editor before JED) it
       can manage files over 64 KBytes in size and it is further under
       development.

       Since it runs on Linux to (with a special XJed binary) I use it
       for quick tasks on my desktop, too.

   JEmacs (Kawa)

           name: Kawa (JEmacs)
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-25
           original distribution: ?
           version: 1.6.66
           base language: Java
           implementation language: Java, Scheme, Emacs Lisp
           extension language: Java, Scheme, Emacs Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Unix, Windows, Macinotsh
           organization/author:
                   Per Bothnet
                   [email protected]
                   http://www.bothner.com/~per
           free from
                   http://jemacs.sourceforge.net/
                   http://www.gnu.org/software/kawa/
                   http://home.earthlink.net/~athene/2/scheme/mackawa.html
                   (Macintosh version)

   JOE

           name: JOE (Joe's Own Editor)
           last changed/verified: 2000-11-03
           original distribution: 1992? (that's in the copyright notice)
           version: 2.8
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: macros
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, DOS
           organization/author:
                   Joseph H Allen
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp.std.com in src/editors/joe2.8.tar.Z

   JOVE, Jonathan's Own Version of Emacs

           name: Jove (Jonathan's Own Version of Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 1996-04-23
           original distribution: 1984...
           version: 4.16 (1996 Mar 19)
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, MSDOS, Win32, Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Hugh Redelmeier
                   [email protected]
                   +1 416 482 8253

                   list is [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp.cs.toronto.edu in pub/moraes/jove/
                   also in the Berkeley UNIX distribution
           note: see also Tovj

   KEmacs, Kanji Emacs

           name: KEmacs (Kanji Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, Amiga, Atari ST,
                   Macintosh, Wicat, Data General
           organization/author:

                   SANETO (sanewo) Takanori
                   Corporate Research Laboratories Atsugi
                   SONY
                   Japan

       _note:_ Japanese (Kanji) adaptation of MicroEMACS version 3.8i

       Free, anonymous FTP from

           ftp.hawaii.edu in pub/editors/=TAR.Z=FILES=/kemacs.tar.Z
           pub/editors/kemacs.tarZ

   ME2, Mutt Editor II

           name: ME2 (Mutt Editor II)
           last changed/verified: 2010-09-04
           original distribution: 1986
           version: 3.0
           base language: C
           implementation language: Mutt
           extension language: Mutt ("A bizarre mix of Lisp and Algol-like
                   languages, compiled external to the editor")
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, IBMPC, Atari
           organization/author:
                   Craig Durland
                   3419 SW Knollbrook
                   Corvallis OR 97333
                   USA
                   +1 503 750 3354
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp://ftp.eunet.bg/pub/simtelnet/msdos/editor/me_cd25.zip (MS-DOS version)
                   http://www.umich.edu/~archive/atari/Editors/Mutt/ (AtariST version, with source)

   Meadow

           name: Meadow, Multilingual enhancement to gnu Emacs with
                   ADvantages Over Windows
           last changed/verified: 2000-12-13
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: C?
           implementation language: Lisp?
           extension language: Lisp?
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements:

       Organization/author:

           Hisashi Miyashita
           [email protected]

       _Note:_ With the multilingual support now merged into NTEmacs in
       20.4, it is no longer necessary to use a special version of Emacs
       for other languages, but MULE users may find upgrading to Meadow
       easier than to NTEmacs because of slight differences in the way
       they handle fonts. Meadow also has a couple of features that are
       still missing from NTEmacs, such as support for native IMEs and
       the special keys on Japanese keyboards.

       Free, anonymous FTP from

           ?

   MG, MicroGNU Emacs

           name: MG, (was: MicroGNU Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 2007-08-23
           original distribution: 1986
           version: 2a
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, AmigaDOS, Atari ST,
                   OS/9-68K, Primos
           organization/author:
                   Mike Meyer
           but contact:
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   gatekeeper.pa.dec.com in rom/fred-fish/FF_DISKS/100-199/FF147.LZH
           possibly also at
                   http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?query=mg&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=OpenBSD+Current&arch=i386&format=html

   MicroEMACS

           name: MicroEMACS
           last changed/verified: 1998-05-26
           original distribution: ?
           version: 4.0
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, OS/2
                   HP 110 and 150, Amiga, Atari ST, Macintosh, Wicat,
                   Data General AOS/VS, Apple IIgs
                   kanji: Fujitsu FMR-70, NEC PC-9891
           organization/author:
                   Daniel M. Lawrence
                   617 New York St
                   Lafayette IN 47901
                   USA
                   +1 317 742 5153
                   [email protected]
           FIDO:  The Programmer's Room 201/10
                   +1 317 742 5533
                   24 hours 300/1200/2400 baud
           free (non-commercial), anonymous FTP from
                   aquest.com in pub/uemacs400/disk1
                   Source and development files
                           pub/uemacs400/disk2
                           MSDOS/Windows/Windows 95/
                           Windows NT / OS/2
                   distribution disk
                   http://members.xoom.com/uemacs/
           ask author about commercial use and distribution via disk ($25)

   MicroEMACS #2

           name: MicroEMACS
           last changed/verified: 2002-10-09
           original distribution: 1986-12-01
           version: 02-oct-87
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, OS/2
                   HP 110 and 150, Amiga, Atari ST, Macintosh,
                   Data General AOS/VS
           organization/author:
                   Dave G. Conroy
                   Christian M. Jullien
           free (non-commercial), anonymous FTP from
                   src: http://www.roumazeilles.net/ZIP/EMAXORIG.ZIP
                   (info: http://www.roumazeilles.net/news/nw/news0046.php)

   MicroEMACS #3

           name: MicroEMACS
           last changed/verified: 2002-10-09
           original distribution: 1987 (unsure)
           version: 3.12a (23-jun-93)
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, OS/2
                   MS-Windows 3.11+, and a number of weird ones
           organization/author:
                   Yves Roumazeilles
                   27-31 rue Robert de Flers, 75015 Paris (France)
                   +33 1 45 75 92 75
                   [email protected]
           free (non-commercial), from:
                   src: http://www.roumazeilles.net/ZIP/UEMACS312a.ZIP
                   (info: http://www.roumazeilles.net/news/nw/news0046.php)
           notes:
                   This one is a minor evolution from MicroEmacs v3.12
                   from Daniel M. Lawrence. It was a tentative change that
                   did not bring any useful fruits.

   MicroEMACS #4

           name: MicroEMACS
           last changed/verified: 2002-10-09
           original distribution: 1987 (unsure)
           version: 3.12
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, OS/2
                   MS-Windows 3.11+, and a number of weird ones
           organization/author:
                   Daniel M. Lawrence
           free (non-commercial), from:
                   src: http://http://www.roumazeilles.net/ZIP/Uemacs312.zip
                   (info: http://www.roumazeilles.net/news/nw/news0046.php)
           notes:
                   This one is almost certainly an old version of a MicroEMACS
                   shown elsewhere in the FAQ.

   MULE, Multi-Lingual Enhancment to Emacs

           name: MULE (Multi-Lingual Enhancment to Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 1995-07-14
           original distribution: ?
           version: 2.2.2
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, NT

       Maintainer:

           [email protected]

       Organization/author:

           Ken'ichi Handa
           Electrotechnical Lab.
           Machine Inference Section
           ElectroTechnical Laboratory
           Umezono 1-1-4
           Tsukuba City
           Japan 305
           +81 298 58 5916
           fax +81 298 58 5918
           [email protected]
           handa%[email protected]

       _Note:_ supports many scripts including most European languages,
       Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Vietnamese in the same buffer.
       Much of this may be incorporated into GNU Emacs 19. Also ported to
       MS/DOS by the Demacs developer.

       Free, anonymous FTP from

             for Japanese sites:
                   etlport.etl.go.jp [192.31.197.99]:/pub/mule
                           Manager: Ken'ichi HANDA <[email protected]>
             for sites not in Japan:
                   sh.wide.ad.jp [133.4.11.11]:/JAPAN/mule
                           Manager: Akira KATO <[email protected]>
             The following sites are mirroring mule and will get ready
               with in a few days [of 1 March 1995].
             for Japanese sites:
                   ftp.mei.co.jp [202.13.88.131]: /archive/free/gnu/emacs/Mule
                           Manager: Motohide Murakami <[email protected]>
                   ftp.iij.ad.jp [192.244.176.50]:/pub/misc/mule
                           Manager: Takamichi MIYOSHI <[email protected]>
             for US sites:
                   ftp.cs.buffalo.edu [128.205.32.9]:/pub/mule
                           Manager: Rafhael Cedeno <[email protected]>
             for other foreign sites:
                   ftp.funet.fi [128.214.6.100]:/index/mule
                           Manager: Hannu Aronsson <[email protected]>
                   cs.huji.ac.il [132.65.16.10]:/pub/gnu/mule
                           Manager: The System Group <[email protected]>
           based on Emacs 19.28

   Nemacs, Nihongo Emacs

           name: Nemacs (Nihongo Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 3.3.2
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
           maintainer:
                   [email protected]
           organization/author:
                   Ken'ichi Handa
                   Electrotechnical Lab.
                   Machine Inference Section
                   ElectroTechnical Laboratory
                   Umezono 1-1-4
                   Tsukuba City
                   Japan 305
                   +81 298 58 5916
                   fax +81 298 58 5918
                   [email protected]
                   handa%[email protected]
           note: Japanese (Nihongo) adaptation of GNU-Emacs
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp.hawaii.edu in pub/editors/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z

   NILE

           name: NILE
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           maintainer:
                   whoever is maintaining NIL
           organization/author:
                   Richard Soley
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ?

   NotGNU

           name: NotGNU
           last changed/verified: 2010-09-04
           original distribution: January 1993
           version: 1.95 May 1999
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           requirements: DOS, Windows 3/95/98/NT, X11/OSF
           organization/author:
                   Julie Melbin
                   P.O. Box 1007
                   Groton MA 01450
                   USA
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous ftp from
                   http://www.notguu.org

   NTEmacs

           name: NTEmacs
           last changed/verified: 2016-08-05
           original distribution: 1993?
           version: ?
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, DEC Alpha, or MIPS running Windows NT
           organization/author:
                   Geoff Voelker
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/windows/emacs
                   http://www.fsf.org/software/emacs/windows/ (FAQ)
                   ftp.cs.washington.edu in /pub/ntemacs
                   http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/voelker/ntemacs.html

       _Note:_ NTEmacs is currently based on GNU Emacs version 19.17 As of
       10/8/94, a beta test version of Emacs 19.27 ported to Windows NT is
       available from june.cs.washington.edu:/pub/voelker/trial. The port
       will be merged into a forthcoming release of GNU Emacs.

       Latest versions are 19.34, 20.3 and 20.4 which may be for Win 95
       and Win NT only.

       cs.washington.edu links are probably broken but retained for history.

   Ntemacs.exe

           name: ntemacs.exe
           last changed/verified: 1995-02-16
           original distribution: 1995?
           version: ?
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Windows NT
           organization/author:
                   Conguent Corporation
                   +1 212 431 5100
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   microlib.cc.utexas.edu:/microlib/nt/gnu/gnubin.tar.Z.
           note: Conguent sells support

   Nitemacs

           name: Nitemacs
           last changed/verified: 1999-04-26
           original distribution: 1994
           version: 5.9.1
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: N/A
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Shigeru Chiba, University of Tsukuba, Japan
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   http://www.softlab.is.tsukuba.ac.jp/~chiba/nitemacs.html
           "An Emacs-like lightweight editor"

   NTNOT

           name: NTNOT
           last changed/verified: 2002-03-19
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:

                   ?

       _Notes:_ This may be NotGNU as the NotGNU executable is "NTNOT.EXE".

   OEmacs

           name: OEmacs
           last changed/verified: 1999-08-19
           original distribution: ?
           version: 4.1
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC or DESQview/X
           organization/author:
                   Darryl Okahata
                   Internet: [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   on Garbo-PC mirror sites
                   ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/editor
           note: based upon GNU Emacs V19.19, successor to DEmacs

   PE, PalEdit

           name: PE (PalEdit)
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-25
           original distribution: ?
           version: 2.3
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: N/A
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: palmtop environment, HP100LX/200LX
           organization/author:
                   Andreas Garzotto
                   [email protected]
           free, download
                   http://www.dasoft.com/PE/latest.htm

   Perfect Emacs

           name: pe, pEmacs, Perfect Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2013-02-24
           original distribution: 2013-02-18
           version: 1.03
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Unix, Linux
           organization/author:
                   Hugh Barney
                   <[email protected]>
           free, from github
                  https://https://github.com/hughbarney/pEmacs.git

       Note: Derived from ErsatzEMACS 1.0. The main enhancements
       being incremental search, filename completion and further
       reduction in footprint.  The name Perfect EMACS comes from
       an attempt to find the point where nothing further can be
       taken away whilst retaining a useful Emacs-like editor.

   QEmacs

           name: QEmacs
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-25
           original distribution: ?
           version: 0.3.1
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: N/A
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   Fabrice Bellard
           free
                   http://bellard.org/qemacs/
           note: Full screen editor with an Emacs compatible key subset
                   (including undo and incremental search) and emacs
                   look and feel.

   Reamcs

           name: Remacs
           last changed/verified: 2017-02-25
           original distribution: 2017-02-25
           version: not yet released
           base language: Rust
           implementation language: Rust
           extension language: Rust
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   Wilferd Hughes
           free
                   http://www.wilfred.me.uk/blog/2017/01/11/announcing-remacs-porting-emacs-to-rust/

   SXEmacs

           name: SXEmacs
           last changed/verified: 2010-08-25
           original distribution: 2004-12-31
           version: 22.1.3
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp (built on Xemacs)
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   Steve Young
           free
                   http://www.sxemacs.org

   Tint

           name: Tint
           last changed/verified: 2002-10-02
           original distribution: 1998
           version: 0.14
           base language: C++
           implementation language: C++/Tint
           extension language: tint
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Darwin, Windows
           organization/author:
                   Michael K Montague, <mailto:[email protected]>
           free
                   http://tintware.sourceforge.net/

   TkEmacs

           name: TkEmacs
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 1.1
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: N/A
           scope of implementation: N/A
           hardware/software requirements: X11
           organization/author:
                   Sven Delmas
                   TU Berlin
                   Germany
                   [email protected]

                   Juergen Nickelsen
                   TU Berlin
                   Germany
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from:
                   barkley.berkeley.edu in /pub/tkemacs/
                   coma.cs.tu-berlin.de in /pub/tkemacs/

       _Note:_ TkEmacs is a text widget for Tcl/Tk using GNU Emacs 18.58.
       The package contains XfEmacs, an application of the TkEmacs widget,
       providing scrollbars, configurable drop-down menus, etc.

   TM

           name: TM (a/k/a/ Tinymacs)
           last changed/verified: 2010-09-04
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: assembler
           implementation language: N/A
           extension language: N/A
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   Brian H. Kelley
                   Sven Delmas
                   TU Berlin
                   Germany
                   [email protected]

                   Juergen Nickelsen
                   TU Berlin
                   Germany
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from:
                   http://www.bhk.com/tm/index.html (homepage, apparently off line)
                   http://sites.google.com/site/texteditors/Home/files/tmsource.zip (source)
                   http://sites.google.com/site/texteditors/Home/files/tm14.zip (binaries)

   Tovj, Tom's own version of Jove

           name: Tovj (Tom's own version of Jove), may be renatmed to Jat
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 4.6.14.32 patch-level 11
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, IBM PC, Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Tom Hageman
                   [email protected]
                   Karel Kubat
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   ftp.icce.rug.nl in pub/tom/jove/jove-4.6.14.32#11.tar.gz
                   also other directories i the file

   Treemacs

           name: treemacs
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, others
           organization/author:
                   Vipin Swarup
                   Dept. of Computer Science
                   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
                   USA
                   [email protected]
                   USENET ...!{cmcl2,seismo,uunet}!uiucdcs!swarup
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   cs.uiuc.edu in pub/treemacs/*

       _Notes:_ this is a modified GNU Emacs 18.51. It is GNU Emacs
       extended to allow the direct editing of tree structures.

   Xedit

           name: xedit, xedplus
           last changed/verified: 2001-03-14
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   http://siag.nu

       Note: Most anything using Athena widgets counts.  This version
       is part of the Siag office package.

   XEmacs, Emacs the next generation

           name: XEmacs (nee Lucid GNU Emacs (lemacs))
           last changed/verified: 2004-06-15
           original distribution: April 1992
           version: 21.4.15
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, Windows
           maintained by the Xemacs Development Team, [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from:
                   ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs
           mailing lists:
                   http://www.xemacs.org/Lists/
           FAQ:
                   http://www.xemacs.org/faq/xemacs-faq.html
           Releases:
                   http://www.dk.xemacs.org/Releases/index.html#Stable

   Xyzzy

           name: Xyzzy
           last changed/verified: 2002-11-17
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: ?
           scope of implementation: ?
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           free from:
                   http://www.jsdlab.co.jp/~kamei/
           FAQ:
                   http://www.netlaputa.ne.jp/~henmi/lisp/xyzzy/#cust01
                   http://dns.carabiner-systems.com/xyzzy/

   YR-Emacs

           name: YR-Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2002-10-09
           original distribution: 1987
           version: 1.30a
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, OS/2,
                   MS-Windows 3.11+, and a number of weird ones
           organization/author:
                   Yves Roumazeilles
                   27-31 rue Robert de Flers, 75015 Paris (France)
                   +33 1 45 75 92 75
                   [email protected]
           free, from:
                   src: http://www.roumazeilles.net/ZIP/EMAX130A.ZIP
                   (info: http://www.roumazeilles.net/news/nw/news0046.php)

   Zile, Zile is lossy Emacs

           name: Zile (Zile is lossy Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 2001-08-20
           original distribution: 1997-06-08
           version: 1.6
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, ncurses
           organization/author:
                   Sandro Sigala
                   Viale De Gasperi, 8
                   25041 Boario Terme (Brescia)
                   Italy
                   [email protected]
           free, anonymous FTP from
                   http://zile.sourceforge.net/
                   http://www.sigala.it/sandro/
                   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/emacs/clones

Implementations Sold by Vendors

   ADEPT

           name: ADEPT
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language:
           implementation language:
           extension language: yes, but not available to users
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Wang VS
           organization/author:
                   Wang
                   Jimmy Huangs & George Soules
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Alpha

           name: Alpha
           last changed/verified: 2000-01-25
           original distribution: ?
           version: 7.2.2
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: TCL
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Pete Keheler
                   Rice University
           shareware ($30), anonymous FTP from
                   http://alpha.olm.net/
                   ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/pub/alpha/

   Amacs

           name: amacs
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 3.0 Release 2.8
           base language: 6502 assembler
           implementation language: 6502 assembler
           extension language: macros / loadable libraries (assembled)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Apple // with ProDOS
           organization/author:
                   Creative Thinking, Included
                   Brian Fox
                   [email protected]
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Brief

           name: Brief
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 3.1
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: Lisp or C (choice)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
           organization/author:
                   Solution Systems
                   Suite 410
                   541 Main St
                   South Weymouth MA 02190
                   USA
                   +1 800 821 2492
                   +1 617 337 6963
                   fax +1 617 337 7719
           not free, contact vendor for price information
           acquired by Borland

   CCA Emacs

           name: CCA Emacs
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: ELisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
           organization/author:
                   Uniworks Inc.
                   P.O. Box K
                   Suite 323
                   Maynard MA 01754
                   USA
                   +1 508 897 6650
                   emacs!mau
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   dde

           name: dde
           last changed/verified: 2010-02-02
           original distribution: 1985
           version: 1.6
           base language: C
           implementation language: C/C++
           extension language: macros
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: x86 Linux or Windows
           organization/author:
                   DALSoft
                   http://www.products.dalsoft.com/dde.html
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   E3

           name: E3
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: internal?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: REXX
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   IBM Corp.
                   ?
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   EMACS-TC

           name: EMACS-TC
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: Lisp-like
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX
           organization/author:
                   AT&T Toolchest
                   +1 201 522 6900, then login "guest"
                   USA

                   Warren A. Montgomery
                   +1 708 713 5090
                   att!iexist!warren
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Epsilon

           name: Epsilon
           last changed/verified: 2006-10-27
           original distribution: 1984-08-01
           version: 10.0
           base language: C
           implementation language: EEL
           extension language: EEL, a dialect of C
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC (Unix, Windows NT, Windows, DOS, OS/2)
           organization/author:
                   Lugaru Software Ltd.
                   1645 Shady Ave
                   Pittsburgh PA 15217
                   USA
                   +1 412 421 5911
                   fax +1 412 421 6371
                   http://www.lugaru.com
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   EVE, Extensible VAX Editor

           name: EVE (Extensible VAX Editor)
           base language: TPU
           implementation language: TPU
           extension language: TPU (Text Processing Utility)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: VMS
           organization/author:
                   Digital Equipment Corp.
                   ?
                   USA
                   +1 ?
                   ?

       _Notes:_ (Courtesy of Juergen Nickelsen) It is not Emacs-like, but is
       fully extensible. Source (TPU) is included. TPU is a programming
       language for text processing, etc. that is also bundled with VMS.
       EVE is the next best thing to GNU-Emacs on a VAX.

   FrameMaker

           name: FrameMaker
           last changed/verified: 1996-04-23
           original distribution: ?
           version: 3.0
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Frame Technology Corp.
                   1010 Rincon Circle
                   San Jose CA 95131
                   USA
                   +1 408 433 1928

                   Frame Technology International Ltd.
                   Unit 52 Airways Industrial Estate
                   Cloghran
                   Dublin 17
                   Ireland
                   +353 1 42 95 66

                   now part of Adobe
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Fred, Fred Resembles Emacs Deliberately

           name: Fred (Fred Resembles Emacs Deliberately)
           last changed/verified: 1998-02-17
           original distribution: ?
           version: MCL 4.2, MCL 3.3
           base language: Macintosh Common Lisp
           implementation language: Macintosh Common Lisp
           extension language: Macintosh Common Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Digitool
                   http://www.digitool.com/
           not free: available with Macintosh Common Lisp

   Infinitor

           name: Infinitor
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C?
           implementation language: C?
           extension language: TPL
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
           organization/author:
                   Agranat Systems
                   P.O. Box 191
                   Weston MA 02193
                   USA
                   +1 617 893 7868
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   InfoDock

           name: InfoDock (built atop XEmacs)
           last changed/verified: 2004-06-15
           original distribution: 1994
           version: 4.0
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX with Win32 port planned
           organization/author:
                   Bob Weiner
                   Altrasoft
                   [email protected]
           later maintained and supported by beopen.com (now defunct)

       _Notes:_ InfoDock is an integrated productivity toolset, mainly
       aimed at technical people. It is built atop the XEmacs variant of
       GNU Emacs and so has all of the power of Emacs, but with a much
       easier to use and more comprehensive menu and toolbar-based user
       interface. We find that most objections people raise to using Emacs
       have already been addressed in InfoDock. See
       http://infodock.sourceforge.net for more information.

   Interleaf

           name: Interleaf
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 5
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC, Macintosh
           organization/author:
                   Interleaf, Inc
                   Prospect Place
                   9 Hillside Ave
                   Waltham MA  02154
                   USA
                   +1 617 290 0710
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   LispWorks

           name: LispWorks
           last changed/verified: 2015-03-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: ?
           base language: ?
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: ?
           organization/author:
                   LispWorks
                   http://www.lispworks.com/lw-history.html
                   'the editor began life as a branch of Hemlock'
                   http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/lw61/EDUG-M/html/eduser-m.htm
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   M

           name: M
           last changed/verified: 2007-08-23
           original distribution: 1993
           version: 1.21
           base language: C++
           implementation language: C++
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command
           hardware/software requirements: DOS, Windows, NT
           organization/author:
                   Greg Gadbois
                   [email protected]
           not free, contact vendor for price information
           A shareware version is available from the author
           A premium version is available from the author

   Mince

           name: Mince (Mince Is Not Complete Emacs) / PerfectWriter / The
                   FinalWord / FinalWordII
           last changed/verified: 1998-07-07
           original distribution: 1980
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none / key rebinding only  / key rebinding only/ custom
           scope of implementation: command / command / command / extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, CP/M
           organization/author:
                   Mark of the Unicorn, Inc.
                   sold to Borland International
           not free, contact vendor (Borland) for price information

   Multics Emacs

           name: Multics Emacs
           last changed/verified: 2015-03-29
           original distribution: 1978
           version:
           base language: Lisp
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Honeywell Multics
           organization:
                   Bernard Greenberg
                   Honeywell Bull
           not free, contact vendor for price information

       _Note_ from Carl Hoffman: Probably Multics Emacs' greatest claims
       to fame are (1) having been the first to popularize the notion of
       using a Lisp-like extension language which non-expert programmers
       could use and understand, and (2) originating certain constructs
       (e.g. "save-excursion", etc.) which today survive in GNU Emacs.

       _Note_ from Bernard Greenberg: Multics Emacs was implemented in
       Multics MacLisp, also known as Version 2 Lisp. Multics Emacs was
       the first and only Multics Software Product in Lisp -- PL/I was the
       official system language.

       The notion of using Lisp for a mainframe product whose native
       language was not Lisp was radical at the time. I chose Lisp because
       of the possibility of implementing many small, cheap, modular,
       easily-replaceable functions (not a possibility in PL/I), having
       found this to be a major feature of an earlier private tool I
       implemented in Multics MacLisp.

       The notion of using Lisp on the Lisp machine (for Eine, and later
       Zwei) was a requirement, not an innovation. It did not speak to the
       issues of the suitability of Lisp for such a task, nor to that of
       what would be the best language for such a task. The idea of
       -choosing- Lisp for a mainframe editor implementation was innovated
       here. The idea of augmenting Multics TECO, and that of writing a
       TECO-like editor gut in flat-out PL/I were rejected by me in favor
       of a Lisp program that implemented editor functionality.

       Inspired by the TECO in which EMACS (on ITS, then the only program
       using that name) was implemented, I designed a TECO-like control
       and "point" manipulation model in a Lisp framework, which I thought
       was natural and obvious, not at all similar to the buffer-pointer
       passing model of the Lisp Machine editors. The natural combination
       of Lisp macrology and scoping with this type of model proved to be
       flexible, powerful, and appealing: this model caught on, and is now
       the basis of everything in the world; the Lisp machine's did not.
       The intellectual lineage of GNU Emacs, in these regards, comes
       directly from James Gosling's Emacs, which came directly from (and
       was credited to) Multics Emacs.

       I rank the significant innovations of Multics Emacs as: (1)
       Explicitly-designed extension languages, which could be understood
       and used by non-experts. (2) Lisp as an editor implementation
       language. (3) Lisp and Lisp-macros as an extension language. (4) A
       control regime and macrology, including many names (e.g.,
       "save-excursion"), that have become today become semi-standard
       through GNU Emacs and other systems.

       Major extensions that became part of the product should also be
       credited to Richard Lamson, Gary Palter, and William York, who
       became my guerilla band, back then.

       Multics Emacs: The History, Design and Implementation
       http://www.multicians.org/mepap.html

       Multics Emacs Users' Guide
       http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/honeywell/multics/CH27-00F_emacs_Nov86.pdf
       http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/honeywell/multics/CJ27-00_Emacs_Users%27_Guide_Dec79.pdf

       Multics Emacs Extensions Writer’s Guide
       http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/honeywell/multics/CJ52-01_emacsExtns_Jul82.pdf
       http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/honeywell/multics/CJ52-00_Emacs_Extension_Writers'_Guide_Jan80.pdf

       Source
       http://web.mit.edu/afs/net/dev/reference/multics/ldd/unb/source/

   PMATE, ZMATE

           name: PMATE, ZMATE
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: PMATE (DOS) 4.0, PMATE (CP/M) 3.21, ZMATE (CP/M, Z-System) 1.0
           base language: assembly language (not needed to use editors)
           implementation language: assembly language (not needed to use editors)
           extension language: MATE macro language (TECO-like)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, CP/M, Z-System
           organization/author:
                   original by Michael Aronson (MATE = Michael Aronson's Text Editor)
                   ZMATE version by Bridger Mitchell and Jay Sage
                   ZMATE available from:
                           Sage Microsystems East
                           1435 Centre Strt
                           Newton MA 02159-2469
                           USA
                           +1 617 965 3552
           (Availability of PMATE for the PC is not certain at this time.  Sage
           Microsystems may be able to offer it.)
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Preditor


           name: Preditor (was: Compuware Professional Editor, PVCS Professional
                   Editor and Sage Professional Editor )
           last changed/verified: 1997-08-22
           original distribution: 1990
           version: 3.01
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: PEL (custom based on AWK, C-like)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: W95, NT, OS/2
           organization/author:
                   Compuware Corporation
                   31440 Northwestern Highway
                   Farmington Hills, MI 48334-2564
                   USA
                   +1 810 737 7300
                   800 538 7822
                   fax +1 810 737 7564
                   [email protected]
           not free, contact vendor for price information
                   old character mode version 1.101 for DOS and OS/2 may still
                   be available, but is not maintained

   Preditor2

           name: Preditor/2 (derived from Sage Professional Editor)
           original distribution: 1994
           version: 2.1
           base language: C++,C
           implementation language: C++,C
           extension language: PEL (custom based on AWK, C-like)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, OS/2
           organization/author:
                   Compuware Corporation
                   31440 Northwestern Highway
                   Farmington Hills, MI 48334-2564
                   USA
                   +1 810 737 7300
                   800 538 7822
                   fax +1 810 737 7564
                   [email protected]
           not free, contact vendor for price information
           free DEMO version (nagware that times out in 14 days), anonymous FTP from:
               hobbes.nmsu.edu /os2/demos/p2demo21.zip

   SlickEdit

           name: Slick, SlickEdit
           last changed/verified: 1997-12-16
           original distribution: ?
           version: 2.4
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: Slick-C
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, UNIX
           organization/author:
                   MicroEdge Inc.
                   PO Box 988
                   Apex, NC 27502-0988
                   USA
                   http://www.slickedit.com
                   email: [email protected]
                   +1 800 934 3348
                   +1 919 303 7400
                   fax +1 919 303 8400
           not free, contact vendor for price information
           (this is a text-mode interface)

   Visual SlickEdit

           name: Visual SlickEdit
           last changed/verified: 1997-12-16
           original distribution: ?
           version: 3.0
           interface: graphical MDI
           base language: C/C++
           implementation language: C/C++
           extension language: Slick-C
           scope of implementation: extensible
           requirements: Windows, NT, OS/2, or UNIX
           organization/author:
                   MicroEdge, Inc
                   PO Box 988
                   Apex, NC 27502-0988
                   USA
                   http://www.slickedit.com
                   email: [email protected]
                   +1 800 934 3348
                   +1 919 303 7400
                   fax +1 919 303 8400
           not free, contact vendor for price information
           (this is a GUI interface)

   SPE Editor

           name: SPE Editor
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: Lisp
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX
           organization/author:
                   Sun Microsystems, Inc.
                   2550 Garcia Ave
                   Mountain View CA  94043
                   USA
                   +1 415 960 1300
                   TLX 37 29639
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Sprint

           name: Sprint (in some countries 'Esprit')
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: 1985?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC
           organization/author:
                   Borland International
                   1800 Green Hills Rd
                   Scotts Valley CA  95067
                   USA
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Sys-IX Editor

           name: Sys-IX Editor
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C?
           implementation language: C?
           extension language: macro
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, IBM PC
           organization/author:
                   System-IX (Networks) Ltd.
                   55 Bedford Court Mansions
                   Bedford Avenue
                   London WC1B 3AD
                   UK
                   +44 71 636 8210
                   fax +44 71 255 1038

                   G.W. Computers Inc.
                   4 Eagle Square
                   East Boston MA  02128
                   USA
                   +1 617 569 5990
                   fax +1 617 567 2981

       _Note:_ may not be Emacs not free, contact vendor for price
       information

   Unipress Emacs

           name: Unipress Emacs
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: MLisp
           extension language: MLisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC
           organization/author:
                   Unipress Software Inc
                   2025 Lincoln Hwy
                   Edison NJ 08817
                   USA
                   +1 201 287 2100
                   fax +1 201 287 4929
                   telex 709418

       _Note:_ was Gosling's Emacs not free, contact vendor for price
       information

   VOS Emacs

           name: VOS Emacs
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 10
           base language: PL/I
           implementation language: PL/I
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: modified command set
           hardware requirements: Stratus XA, IBM System/88 or Olivetti CPS-32 computer
           software requirements: VOS operating system
           organization/author:
                   Stratus Computer Inc.
                   55 Fairbanks Blvd
                   Marlboro MA  01752
                   USA
                   +1 508 460 2000
                   telex (294112) ANSBK STRA UR
           not free, contact vendor for price information

   Win-Emacs

           name: Win-Emacs
           last changed/verified: 1996-08-14
           original distribution: April 1993
           version: 1.35 (released October 1994), 1.5 expected 1/96
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: elisp (GNU Emacs Lisp)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, Windows 3.1, 95, or NT
           organization:
                   Pearl Software
                   2000 Powell St. Suite 1200
                   Emeryville CA 94608
                   USA
                   +1 510 652 4361
                   fax +1 510 652 4362
                   [email protected]
                   [email protected] auto-replies with further information.
           FTP a free fully-functional nagware version from:
                   ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/pe/pearl/wemdemo*

       _Note:_ Win-Emacs is derived from XEmacs 19.6 (nee Lucid Emacs).
       Win-Emacs is a native MS-Window app which supports multiple
       windows, fonts, code highlighting, arbitrary keymapping, DDE,
       winsock, long filenames, drag-and-drop, etc. Version. 1.5 is a
       Win32s app with most Unix features (e.g. asynch. subprocesses). The
       free version of Win-Emacs is based on a nagware X emulator: a nag
       screen pops up every half-hour; otherwise it is precisely identical
       to the supported commercial version of Win-Emacs. Debatable whether
       this should be moved into the "versions that cost" category.

       Ben Wing, the main author of Win-Emacs, is now the most productive
       active developer of XEmacs.  Most features of Win-Emacs have been
       added to XEmacs.

   ZMACS

           name: ZMACS
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: Lisp
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Symbolics
           organization/author:
                   Symbolics, Inc.
                   8 New England Executive Park
                   Burlington MA  01803
                   USA
                   +1 617 221 1000
                   +1 800 533 7629
           not free, contact vendor for price information
           (Now somewhere in Concord.)

   ZMACS TI

           name: ZMACS (TI Explorer Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: Lisp
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Explorer
           organization/author:
                   Texas Instruments
                   12501 Research Blvd
                   Austin TX 78759
                   USA
                   +1 512 250 7111
                   +1 800 232 3200
                   fax +1 512 250 6522
           not free, contact vendor for price information

Implementations That Are No Longer Available

   EINE

           name: EINE (EINE is not Emacs (the first known recursive acronym)),
                   ZWEI (Zwei Was Eine, Initially (the author knew German)),
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: Lisp
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Lisp Machine
           organization/author:
                   MIT
                   USA
           no longer available
           ZWEI eveolved into Zmacs and all of the Symbolics, Texas Instruments,
           Lisp Machines, and related variants.

   Emacs20

           name: Emacs (aka Prime Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 2006-10-27
           original distribution: ?
           version: 20
           base language: SPL, a variant of PL/1
           implementation language: SPL, a variant of PL/1
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: Prime
           organization/author:
                   Prime Computer, Inc.
                   24 Prime Park Way
                   Natick MA  07160
                   USA
                   +1 508 651 3342
                   telex 174519
                   telex +1 508 651 2769
           not free, contact vendor for price information

           Note: Written by Bob Frankston and Seth Steinberg.


   Leif

           name: Leif
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: Lisp
           extension language: Lisp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS
           organization/author:
                   The Saga Group
                   Department of Computer Science
                   University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
                   1304 W. Springfield
                   Urbana IL 61801
                   USA
                   [email protected]
                   {pur-ee|ihnp4}!uiucdcs!leif

       _Note:_ Leif is really just GNU Emacs with a small modification, an
       elisp extension, and an external parser.

   NMODE

           name: NMODE ("New MODE"?), predecessor may be EMODE
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: PSL, Common LIsp
           implementation language: PSL, Common LIsp
           extension language: PSL, Common LIsp
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: HP series 9000
           organization/author:
                   Hewlett-Packard
                   old symbolic languages group?
           no longer available

   TORE

           name: TORES (Text ORiented Editing System)
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX
           organization/author:
                   Jeffrey Schiller
                   MIT
                   USA
           no longer available

   PD

           name: PD Forthmacs System Editor
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: Forth?
           implementation language: Forth?
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Atari?
           organization/author:
                   Bradley Software
           no longer available

   Scame

           name: Scame
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: UNIX, VMS, IBM PC
           organization/author:
                   Multihouse Automatisering bv
                   c/o Johan Vromans
                   Doesburgweg 7
                   2803 PL Gouda
                   the Netherlands
                   +31 1820 62911
                   fax +31 1820 62500
                   [email protected]

       _Note:_ loosely based on an editor called Scame by Leif Samuelsson
       free, ask the author for information on how to get a copy no longer
       available

   TV

           name: tv (aka otv, SINE (SINE is not EINE (the first known
                   doubly-recursive acronym)))
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: 1977
           version:
           base language: PL/1
           implementation language: SINE (Lisp-like)
           extension language: SINE (Lisp-like)
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: MagicSix on Perkin-Elmer 3200 series
           organization/author:
                   Owen "Ted" Anderson
                   MIT Architecture Machine Group
                   USA
           no longer available

   UE

           name: ue
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: ?
           implementation language: ?
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: Atari ST
           organization/author:
                   [email protected]
           no longer available
           Part of Gulam a public-domain shell.

   VINE

           name: VINE (Vine Is Not Emacs)
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: 1977
           version:
           base language: Fortran (!)
           implementation language: Fortran
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: VMS
           organization/author:
                   Craig Finseth
                   Texas Instruments
                   Dallas TX
                   USA
           no longer available

   Z80EMACS

           name: Z80EMACS
           last changed/verified: 2007-08-23
           original distribution: 1992?
           version: 0.1
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: custom
           scope of implementation: extensible
           hardware/software requirements: CP/M
           organization/author:
                   Ralph Betza (FM),
                   [email protected]
                   uunet!ssiny!gnohmon
           free, anonymous FTP from:
                   rtfm.mit.edu in pub/z80/emacs/*

       Z80EMACS is a port of microemacs 3.6 to the CP/M operating system.
       Microemacs keeps all data in memory, and CP/M must live in a 64KB
       address space. By clever use of overlays and byte-squeezing and
       tuning, Z80EMACS is able to edit files of size 30KB! microemacs 3.6
       had no facility for remapping the keyboard bindings. Z80EMACS does
       it with an offline utility. Z80EMACS uses overlays extensively, but
       the most frequently used commands are all either in the root
       segment or in one particular overlay. Since this overlay is usually
       already in memory, performance is quite good, even when running
       from floppies. Z80EMACS has the ability to edit multiple files,
       display multiple windows, and do keyboard macros, among other
       things. This makes it the spiffiest CP/M editor you could ever hope
       to see. Z80EMACS comes with source and binaries; it was compiled
       with AZTEC C, which few CP/Mmers have, so the binaries are more
       likely to be useful than the source.

   Unknown 1

           name: none
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version:
           base language: C
           implementation language: C
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: HLH Orions
           organization/author:
                   Steven Zimmerman
           no longer available
           Dated 1983.  Described as a "distant descendant of the one written by
           Warren Montgomery at Bell Labs.  Might be an early, non-commercial
           version of CCA Emacs.

   Unknown 2

           name: none
           last changed/verified: 1994-12-20
           original distribution: ?
           version: 1.1, 2.1 (?)
           base language: C and 8088 assembler
           implementation language: C and 8088 assembler
           extension language: none
           scope of implementation: command set
           hardware/software requirements: IBM PC, HP-150, TIPC
           organization/author:
                   Don P. Bennett, Jr.
                   Hewlett Packard (when he wrote it)
           no longer available

       This editor identifies itself as "Emacs", and has HP-style soft
       labels for the first eight function keys hard-bound to "file
       commands," "window commands," "buffer commands," etc. Versions 1.1
       and 2.1 are known to exist. Other versions may also have escaped.
       1.1 was written in Microsoft C and 8088 assembler 1.0 (or was that
       2.0?) in about 1985. 2.1 was written using Microsoft C 3.0 in about
       1986. All versions work quite usably, despite fatal bugs in some
       commands. (Memory limits and large files can cause death,
       "ESC-digit" causes immediate death.) ("If it dies when you do that,
       stop doing it!")

End

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