L---+---T1----+-T--2----T----3--T-+----4T---+---T5----+-T--6----T----R--T-+--r
PC-WriTeX
A conversion routine from PC-Write to TeX
v2.3, January 1989
.r:e
INTRODUCTION
PC-Write is a wordprocessing and text editing system from QuickSoft
(Seattle) for the IBM PC and compatible computers. TeX is a
typesetting system originally written by Prof Don Knuth of Stanford
University and available for many kinds of computer including the IBM
PC and compatibles.
This documentation describes a PC-Write--to--TeX conversion routine
written as a print driver file pr.doc�. It was devised to allow a
user's PC-Write wordprocessing files to be printed to disk in a form
which TeX can accept directly as input, retaining as many of the
formatting attributes as possible of the original file. The .doc
filetype was chosen because TeX is used for printing documents, but
you can rename it and the relevant driver files to anything suitable
to your needs. The definition files have been placed in the public
domain. Only the controls described later in this document can be
expected to work: no responsibility can be taken for what may happen
if you use other PC-Write controls which are not documented here. In
particular, you should not use any Dot Guide Lines apart from a ruler
line, .S (line-spacing) and .R (typeface selection).
A hard-disk PC is assumed, as TeX requires it for all normal usage.
This documentation reflects v2.71 of PC-Write, v3.3 of DOS and v2.94
of TeX.
.q:e
�
INSTALLATION
Before copying any of these files, rename your existing PC-Write
printer driver file pr.def to something meaningful, according to your
ordinary printer type, for example
rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.eps (if you have an Epson printer)
rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.tos (if you have an Toshiba printer)
rename \pcwrite\pr.def pr.hp2 (if you have a HP series II)
This is to make sure your existing files do not get overwritten.
You can still print all your existing files exactly as before by
making sure they have the relevant file-type, eg ".eps", ".tos",
".hp2", etc. The new pr.def provided with PC-WriTeX contains only
the command "!pr.*" and will thus look for a driver file with the
same file-type as the file being printed.
Copy all the files from floppy disk into the PC-Write subdirectory
on your hard disk by typing the command
copy a:*.* \pcwrite
(substituting "b:" if you are using that floppy drive instead of
"a:"). If you call your PC-Write subdirectory something other than
"\pcwrite" then substitute that as well.
Copy the TeX definitions file into your texinput subdirectory,
whatever it is called for the version you have; for PC-TeX, for
example, you type
copy \pcwrite\pcwsty.tex \pctex\texinput
This ensures that both PC-Write and TeX can find the files when they
want them. It is assumed that you can use the file-type ".doc" for
files you are going to convert with this routine. If this is not the
case, you must choose another file-type and then type the command
rename \pcwrite\*.doc *.xxx
where xxx is the file-type you have chosen.
USAGE
Run the PR program, either from DOS by typing PR�filename.DOC or by
using the F1�F7 keystroke sequence from within the PC-Write edit
program (in which case, confirm the filename suggested by pressing
��[the Return or Enter key]).
When the output selection menu appears, press F9 for "print to a file"
and give the output file name as the name of your text file but with
the file-type of .TeX (and press �).
When the main print menu appears, press F10 for "print continuous".
This will create an output file with the file type of .TeX which will
contain all the TeX commands necessary to typeset your file.
� It is assumed, of course, that you have TeX available to
process this file. Commercially, it costs somewhere between $75
and $500 (�50--�300) depending on the implementation you buy.
There are several versions for the IBM PC and compatibles
including some in the public domain: addresses are at the end of
this document. It is also available for most minis and
mainframes.
FEATURES
As far as possible, the basic mnemonic PC-Write controls have been
followed, but one or two have changed, and several new ones have been
added (notably the "colour code" Alt keys now perform different
typesetting instructions). As many as possible (nearly all) of the IBM
PC math and accent characters have been kept, and the line and
box-drawing characters can be used for simple tables.�This is a change
from v2.1, where line and box characters were undefined.� The printer
driver definition file pr.doc and the style-file pcwsty.TeX contain
the TeX definitions needed to access these facilities.
TeX works by taking a plain ASCII text file with embedded formatting
commands (produced by this routine direct from your PC-Write file).
TeX commands consist of plain alphabetic characters or punctuation,
flagged by a preceding backslash. Thus for example, a change to
italics (Alt�I in PC-Write) is translated to the TeX command "\it".
Raw TeX is of course capable of vastly finer control over typefonts,
spacing and layout than even a sophisticated wordprocessor such as
PC-Write, so this conversion routine should only be taken as a guide
or first stage. TeX creates a .DVI file (DeVice-Independent file)
which contains all the binary stuff needed for a TeX print driver to
typeset the output on your printer.
Because of the fine-quality nature of typesetting, a few points need
attention when you are creating or editing a document for typesetting:
a. TeX assumes that a blank line in your file means "start a new
paragraph". This doesn't necessarily mean you get a blank line as
such when it is typeset; instead, you get whatever
spacing/indentation combination you specify for a new paragraph
(PC-WriTeX assumes a flexible amount between � and � a
line-height, with about 1/3 || indentation --- in fact, a "blank
line" in typesetting output is a misleading concept, as
typesetting dimensions are almost infinitely variable). What it
does mean is that existing texts which use only indentation for a
new paragraph, with no blank line, must be edited so that they
have blank lines between paragraphs. Indentation can be turned
off for a paragraph by starting the paragraph with Alt�X (this is
automatic for the first paragraph after a major break, such as
a new section, new page or a table).
b. Disregard all apparent multiple linebreaks and multiple spaces in
the output file: TeX makes its own decisions about linebreaking,
and swallows all multiple spaces. In any case, TeX justifies a
whole paragraph at a time, instead of line by line. The only
thing to check for is places where PC-Write might have inserted
an extra blank line of its own in the middle of a paragraph
because it thinks a pagebreak is due. These will have to be
removed manually, otherwise TeX will start a new paragraph at
these points (it doesn't happen very often).
c. Distinguish carefully between the four following symbols, which
are often misused:
� HYPHEN ("-"), used between two words, like "PC-Write": type a
single "-" to get this;
� EN-RULE ("--"), used between two numbers, between a number and a
word, or where a hyphen may seem visually incorrect, such as
"37--55", "4--part" or "X--rated": type a double "--" to get one;
� EM-RULE ("---"), used between phrases --- sometimes called a
dash: type a triple "---" for this;
� MINUS-SIGN (" - "), used in math mode: type a single "-" within
Alt�Rs.
� They are all different, so take care! Most importantly, never let
a line end with a hyphen character or dash in your source (.DOC)
file. TeX treats a line-�end as a space, so you would get a space
following your hyphen or dash when it is typeset (like "line-end"
above).
d. Use the grave accent character (`) for an opening single-quote,
and the apostrophe (') for a closing single-quote, so that they
look `like this'. Opening and closing double quotes are handled
"automatically", like that, provided you have paired them correctly.
A few extra TeX commands have been added which can be invoked within
Alt�Zs:
e. wider makes the paragraph indentation 1 inch wide
f. normal sets it back to 20pt again
g. tighter halves the inter-paragraph space. Repeated usage halves
it again. looser doubles the space (again and again)
h. front makes the first page number zero, and omits the page number
from the bottom of the front page
i. some of the translations of the Alt-characters have been
tokenised into macros to make the TeX sourec more readable. This
should not affect processing in any way.
�
wider
The following Alt keys have been implemented. The ones marked with an
asterisk (*) are slightly different from plain PC-Write. Those marked
with a dagger (dag) have changed since v1.2 of PC-WRITeX.
Alt A "align" --- not used. Simple tabulation can now be done using
the IBM PC box-drawing character set. See below for
detailsdag
Alt B "bold" --- prints bold type. Note that this is different from the
bold extended type invoked by Alt�S
Alt C "compressed" --- changes to 10pt type (8pt design size: normal
type is 12pt of 10pt design size)
*Alt D "double" --- changes to 20pt type (of 17pt design size)
Alt E "�lite" --- prints in sans-serif type (this has a slightly
narrower "set" than normal roman, hence its use for the
�lite style)
*Alt F "fast" --- has no effect and cannot be redefined because it
automatically gets inserted into the top of the output file by
PC-Write, where there would be no way of turning it off
*Alt G "dot-line" --- only works for .R:x typeface changes and
line-spacing specifications such as .S:4 at the moment. It might
be possible to get it re-interpreted in a later version
Alt H "higher" --- prints real superscriptslike�this, but you need to
use Ctl�Space between words within the superscript, if your
superscript itself has several words
Alt I "italic" --- prints in italic type. Note that this is different
from the slanted type invoked by Alt�U
*Alt J "jump" --- causes a 1em vertical space (about 1 line space).
This should usually go on a line by itselfdag
Alt K "keep" --- forces end of line without a paragraph spacedag
Alt L "lower" --- prints real subscriptslike�this, but you need to use
Ctl�Space between words within the subscript, if your subscript
itself has several words
Alt M "em" --- skips 1em space horizontally (about 2 characters worth
if this was fixed-width setting). Use Ctl�Space if you want
to insert a single character's worth of fixed spacedag
Alt N "number" --- itemises paragraphs. The number or symbol must
follow the Alt�N with no space, but must have a space after
it, eg triangleleft 3.char'040�The symbol char'040 represents
a single space character� will itemise paragraph 3.
If you have set the indentation amount wide enough (eg with
Alt�Z, star parindent=.5in star ), you can also itemise
paragraphs with things in another font, like this paragraph
( triangleleft heartsuit Alt�N heartsuit char'040).
To get an indented paragraph with no mark, use triangleleft
(Alt�N�Ctl�Space). The PC-Write usage of double and triple
Alt�Ns is not implementeddag
*Alt O "narrower" --- narrows the margins for the duration of the
paragraph it startsdag
Alt P "pica" --- prints in small capitals, conventionally used for
acronyms like IBM, DEC etc
*Alt Q "quitpage" --- forces a new page (replaces the Alt�T of plain
PC-Write)dag
*Alt R "realmath" --- encloses mathematics typesetting, such as
E=mc� or 4�r^3/3 You can now use TeX's curly braces within
linear math mode if you need to: the forward slash also
works as TeX's \over command (eg triangle 4�^3/3 triangle ),
so large linear fractions will need manual tweaking to stop
them being interpreted as \overs.dag
Alt S "shadow" --- prints in bold extended type as distinct from the
slightly narrower plain bold of Alt�B
Alt T "top" --- PC-Write's hard page-break character cannot be
redefined, should not be used, and may have unpredictable
effects, like breaking your paragraphs where you don't want to.
Alt U "underline" --- prints in slanted type rather than underlining,
because underlining is almost non-existant in typography
*Alt V "variable" --- prints in typewriter type. This is the opposite
of variable-width type, but Alt�F cannot be used, and even
QuickSoft themselves do this for some printer implementations.
If you need variable-width typewriter type (eg IBM Executive
typewriter style) modify PCWSTY.TeX to use font cmvtt10 instead
of cmtt10
*Alt W "underscore" --- underscores the text if you really need to:
this can be handy in terminal session example documentation
for indicating what the user types, as opposed to what is
displayed or printed by the machine
*Alt X "xindent" --- turns off indentation at the start of a paragraph
(this is conventional at the start of a document and after
itemised or narrowed paragraphsdag
*Alt Y "centerline" --- centers a line (put it at start and end of
line: you can still use Shf�F8 to center the line on the
screen because TeX doesn't care about extra spacesdag
*Alt Z "literal" --- surrounds a literal TeX command to be passed
unchanged to the output file, eg, star TeX star . Do not put
backslashes themselves in the command string. This is the
technique used to do the examples in the sections on Alt�N and
Alt�R abovedag
The following characters (decimal numbers) have special meanings:
124 "vertical bar" --- works as a prime mark for feet (|) and
inches (||); use character 221 [6<accent>`] for a real
vertical bar (�)
126 "tilde" --- prints as a math "sim" sign (~) except in typewriter
type where you get an ordinary tilde (~)
169 [[<accent>`] --- prints the "carriage-return" symbol (�)
176 [Shf Ctl F1] --- starts a footnote�Auto-numbered, as you may
have noticed.�dag
177 [Shf Ctl F2] --- ends the footnote text. Also terminates
right-flush lines (see character 222 below)dag
178 [Shf Alt F1] --- starts verbatim mode (literal small-typewriter
type): useful for quoting screen displays, programs or terminal
sessions (end with character 219 below), egdag
�
if n < r then n := n + 1
else begin print_totals; n := 0;
end
while p > 0 do
begin q := link(p); free_node(p); p := q;
end;
�
219 [Shf Alt F2] --- terminates verbatim mode. Both this and
character 178 should go on a line by themselvesdag
221 [6<accent>`] --- prints a real vertical bar (�, was 179)dag
222 [Shf F5] --- flags a line to be printed flush right: terminate
the line with character 177 [Shf�F6]. This is useful for
doing home addresses on letters:dag
�PO Box 1000�
�Haga Alto, Ca 94321�
223 [8<accent>`] --- prints a horizontal rule across the page
(was 196)dag
244 [(<accent>`] --- prints the whole �sign
245 [)<accent>`] --- prints the copyright sign (�)
248 [%<accent>`] --- prints a circle (�). Use superscripting to
get the degrees sign.
249 [.<accent>`] --- prints a centered dot (�)dag
254 [#<accent>`] --- prints a normal round bullet (�)
255 [@<accent>`] --- print a math "times" sign (�). Be careful when
justifying text in PC-Write because this is treated as a
discretionary space.
normal
Simple tabulation is now possible using the box-drawing character set.
The single-line set (PC-Write's Shf�Alt set) can be used to produce an
unruled table like this:
�������������������������������Ŀ
� TABULATION � Now possible �
�������������������������������Ĵ
� in TeX via � PC-Write �
��������������������������������
and the double-line set (PC-Write's Shf�Ctl set) can be used to produce
ruled tables:
�������������������������������ͻ
� TABULATION � Now possible �
�������������������������������
� in TeX via � PC-Write �
�������������������������������ͼ
The only restriction is that only completely ruled or completely
unruled tables will work. Partially-ruled tables will not function.
It has been necessary to make some small changes to three other
facilities which were in v2.1:
� The character code 206 (double-line crossover (Shf�Ctl�S), which
gave the TeX logotype, has been removed. To get "TeX" you now
need to use the Alt�Z literal ( star TeX star ).
� The character code 179 (Shf�Alt�V), which gave a vertical rule,
is now needed for tables. A plain vertical rule is now got with
character 221 (6<accent>`).
� The character code 196 (Shf�Alt�G), which gave a horizontal
rule, is also needed for tables: use character 223 (8<accent>`)
for horizontal rules.
The complete character set available by direct translation of PC-Write
files using this routine is thus:
�����������������������������������������ͻ
� � @ � ` � � � � � � � ff �
�����������������������������������������
� ! � A � a � � � � � � � fi �
�����������������������������������������
� " � B � b � � � � � � � ffi �
�����������������������������������������
� # � C � c � � � � � � � fl �
�����������������������������������������
� $ � D � d � � � � � � � ffl �
�����������������������������������������
� % � E � e � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� & � F � f � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� ' � G � g � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� ( � H � h � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� ) � I � i � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� * � J � j � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� + � K � k � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� , � L � l � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� - � M � m � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� . � N � n � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� / � O � o � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 0 � P � p � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 1 � Q � q � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 2 � R � r � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 3 � S � s � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 4 � T � t � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 5 � U � u � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 6 � V � v � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 7 � W � w � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 8 � X � x � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� 9 � Y � y � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� : � Z � z � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� ; � [ � } � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� < � \ � | � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� = � ] � } � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� > � ^ � ~ � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������
� ? � _ � � � � � � � �
�����������������������������������������ͼ
Note that the translation of ligatures ff, fi, ffi, fl and ffl is automatic.
Peter Flynn University College, Cork, Ireland
<
[email protected]> [INTERNET]
<cbts8001@iruccvax> [BITNET]
<pflynn@bytecosy> [BIX]
A. PC-TeX is supplied by Personal TeX Inc, 12 Madrona Avenue, Mill
Valley, CA 94941, USA (+1 415 388 8853) and by UniTeX Systems,
12 Dale View Road, Beauchief, Sheffield S8 0EJ, UK (+44 742
351489)
B. Micro-TeX, originally supplied by Addison-Wesley, is now
defunct.
C. �TeX is a new product from ArborText Inc, 535 West William
Street, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA (+1 313 996 3566).
D. DOS-TeX is a shareable implementation available for US$75 ($85
outside the US) from Gary Beihl, Electronetics Inc, 119
Jackrabbit Run, Round Rock, TX 78664, USA. Gary can be
contacted by electronic mail as <
[email protected]> on the
DARPA Internet.
E. SB-TeX is a public domain implementation by Wayne Sullivan
and Peter Breitenlohner, available from SIMTEL--20, Aston,
Washington, Heidelberg and other network file servers.
F. Turbo-TeX costs from $99 (PC) to $2000 (VAX) from the Kinch
Computer Company, Turbo-TeX Marketing, 501 South Meadow Street,
Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. They will also supply C source for the
PC for $650.
G. PC-Write is a ShareWare product of QuickSoft Inc, 219 First
Avenue North #224, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, cost $89.
