\Sort{
 Mode{on}
 Collation{mixed}
 SortTypeOrder{key,name}
 NameOrder{ascending}
 Key{{author,editor}}
 KeyOrder{descending,nulls first}
}
@BOOK{Woods98-ConstraintDesignRecovery,
 author = {Steven G. Woods and Alexander E. Quilici and Qiang Yang},
 month = {November},
 year = 1997,
 title = {Constraint-Based Design Recovery for Software Reengineering~--
         {T}heory and Experiments},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 kind = {LEDL},
 publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
 isbn = {0-7923-8067-3},
 abstract = {The great challenge of reverse engineering is recovering design
            information from legacy code: the `concept recovery' problem.
            This monograph describes up-to-date research dealing with this
            problem. It discusses a theory of how a constraint-based approach
            to program plan recognition can efficiently extract design
            concepts from source code, and it details experiments in concept
            recovery that support the authors' claims of scalability.
            Constraint-Based Design Recovery for Software Reengineering:
            Theory and Experiments presents models and experiments in
            sufficient detail so that they can be easily replicated. This
            book is intended for researchers or software developers concerned
            with reverse engineering or reengineering legacy systems.
            However, it may also interest those researchers who are
            interested in using plan recognition techniques or
            constraint-based reasoning. The reader is expected to have a
            reasonable computer science background (i.e., familiarity with
            the basics of programming and algorithm analysis), but is not
            required to have a familiarity with the fields of reverse
            engineering or artificial intelligence (AI). This book is
            designed as a reference for advanced undergraduate or graduate
            seminar courses in software engineering, reverse engineering, or
            reengineering. It can also serve as a supplementary textbook for
            software engineering-related courses, such as those on program
            understanding or design recovery, for AI-related courses, such as
            those on plan recognition or constraint satisfaction, and for
            courses that cover both topics, such as those on AI applications
            to software engineering.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {Constraint programming for design recovery.},
 url = {www.wkap.nl/prod/b/0-7923-8067-3}
}
@BOOK{Wolfe86-ProgrammesBasic,
 author = {Philip Wolfe and Patrick Koelling},
 month = {mai},
 year = 1986,
 title = {Programmes Basic -- Pour Ing\'enieurs et Scientifiques sur {l'IBM}
         {PC}},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {InterEditions},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {2-7296-0145-7},
 language = {francais},
 abstract = {L'objet de cet ouvrage est de pr\'esenter les principales
            techniques et leurs programmes associ\'es, utilisables pour les
            applications scientifiques et en gestion. Ecrits en Basic sur
            l'IBM-PC, ces programmes couvrent la plupart des domaines
            relatifs \`a la collecte et \`a la manipulation des donn\'ees,
            \`a l'analyse num\'erique et \`a la programmation lin\'eaire.
            Destin\'e aux \'etudiants et aux praticiens, (ing\'enieurs,
            scientifiques, gestionnaires), ce livre permet de tirer profit du
            micro-ordinateur IBM-PC gr\^ace aux nombreux programmes qui y
            sont pr\'esent\'es et illustr\'es. C'est un compagnon
            indispensable pour tout utilisateur de m\'ethodes quantitatives.
            Ecrit de fa\c con claire et pr\'ecises, il permet la manipulation
            des sous-programmes et leur int\'egration dans des programmes
            plus vastes en vue de la r\'ealisation d'applications
            scientifiques ou en gestion.},
 relevance = 10,
 relevantfor = {Programmation Basic...}
}
@BOOK{Webster95-Pitfalls,
 author = {Bruce F. Webster},
 month = {February},
 year = 1995,
 title = {Pitfalls of Object Oriented Development},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {M \& T Books},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {1558513973},
 abstract = {After covering the basic concepts and terms of OOD, pitfalls of
            Object-Oriented Development provides over eighty concise
            summaries describing how to detect and avoid the many potential
            problems that lurk at every step of the software development
            process: (1) Conceptual, separating OOD fact and hype, (2)
            Political: the organizational dangers of adopting new technology,
            (3) Management: how to guide a development team through OOD, (4)
            Analysis and Design: coming up with the right solution to the
            right problem, (5) Environment, Languages, and Tools: concerns
            and considerations, (6) Implementation: OOD temptations faced by
            new developers, (7) Classes and Objects: warning signs of poor
            design and implementation, (8) Coding: nasty OOD bugs and how to
            avoid them, (9) Quality Insurance: OOD testing challenges, (10)
            Reuse: the roadblocks to achieving the most oft-cited benefit of
            OOD.},
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1558513973}
}
@BOOK{Tsang93-Foundations,
 author = {Edward Tsang},
 month = {August},
 year = 1993,
 title = {Foundations of Constraint Satisfaction},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Academic Press},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-12-701610-4},
 abstract = {Constraint satisfaction is a general problem in which the goal
            is to find values for a set of variables that will satisfy a
            given set of constraints. It is the core of many applications in
            artificial intelligence, and has found its application in many
            areas, such as planning and scheduling. Because of its
            generality, most AI researchers should be able to benefit from
            having good knowledge of techniques in this field. This book is
            the most comprehensive book on the field of constraint
            satisfaction so far. It covers both the theoretical and the
            implemenatation aspects of the subject. It provides a framework
            for studying this field, relates different research, and resolves
            ambiguity in a number of concepts and algorithms in the
            literature. This book provides a solid foundation for researchers
            in this field. It is also an invaluable text for graduate and
            research level students in cognitive science and artificial
            intelligence.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {All about constraint programming.},
 url = {cswww.essex.ac.uk/CSP/edward/FCS.html}
}
@BOOK{Takang96-SoftwareMaintenance,
 author = {Armstrong A. Takang and Penny A. Grubb},
 month = {January},
 year = 1996,
 title = {Software Maintenance: Concepts and Practice},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {International Thomson Computer Press},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {1-85032-192-2},
 abstract = {The last few decades have witnessed a proliferation of software
            systems in a wide range of working environments. Changes to such
            systems are often required in order to improve performance and
            enhance functionality and it is the management and control of
            these changes that is known as software maintenance. Studies have
            indicated that software maintenance consumes a least 50\% of
            resources allocated to many software life cycles and thus is an
            important area for software engineers to master. This book sets
            out to provide a comprehensive intrudcuction to software
            maintenance concepts, showing how these concepts can be used to
            offer practical solutions to problems encountered by software
            engineers. Providing a framework for understanding the concepts,
            the authors outline how this can be applied using the wide
            variety of software maintenance techniques available. These
            include coverage of reverse engineering, reengineering, program
            comprehension, code restructuring and maintainability measures.
            \textit{Software Maintenance: Concepts and Practice} begins by
            explaining software maintenance and examines and analyses the
            various methods which have been used in industry to date. Rather
            than the traditional view of software as static artefact, with
            maintenance either costly or impossible, this book presents the
            view of an evolutionary development of software. \textit{Software
            Maintenance: Concepts and Practice} is the ideal for computing
            and engineering students studying a course in software
            maintenance and software engineering. It will also be an
            invaluable resource for practising software engineers, software
            designers and programmers.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {All about maintenance!},
 url = {www.isbn.nu/1850321922/price}
}
@BOOK{Shalloway02-DPExplained,
 author = {Alan Shalloway and James R. Trott},
 month = {Septembre},
 year = 2001,
 title = {Design Patterns Explained: A New Perspective on Object-Oriented
         Design},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley Professional},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-71594-5},
 abstract = {Design Patterns Explained: A New Perspective on Object-Oriented
            Design draws together the principles of object-oriented
            programming with the power of design patterns to create an
            environment for robust and reliable software development. Packed
            with practical and applicable examples, this book teaches you to
            solve common programming problems with patterns--and explains the
            advantages of patterns for modern software design. Beginning with
            a complete overview of the fundamentals of patterns, Design
            Patterns Explained stresses the importance of analysis and
            design. The authors clearly demonstrate how patterns can
            facilitate the overall development process. Throughout the book,
            key object-oriented design principles are explained, along with
            the concepts and benefits behind specific patterns. With
            illustrative examples in C++ and Java, the book demystifies the
            ``whys," ``why nots," and ``hows" of patterns and explains
            pattern implementation.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {Beauty},
 url = {
       www.awprofessional.com/isapi/product\_id$\sim$\%7B43B2E15C-6B43-4914- 96DC-1564616E6B6F\%7D/catalog/product.asp}
}
@BOOK{Schach02-OOSE,
 author = {Stephen R. Schach},
 year = 2002,
 title = {Object-Oriented and Classical Software Engineering},
 publisher = {The McGraw-Hill Companies},
 kind = {LEDL}
}
@BOOK{Rumbaugh91-OMT,
 author = {James Rumbaugh and Michael Blaha and William Premerlani and
          Frederick Eddy and William Lorenson},
 month = {October},
 year = 1991,
 title = {Object-Oriented Modeling and Design},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {{Prentice Hall, Inc.}},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-13-629841-9},
 abstract = {Notable mainly for its clear and thorough exploration of the
            Object Modelling Technique (OMT)--a generic way of representing
            objects and their relationships--this book is good as a primer
            and great as a knowledge booster for those already familiar with
            object-oriented concepts. Object-Oriented Modelling and Design
            teaches you how to approach problems by breaking them down into
            interrelated pieces, then implementing the pieces. In addition to
            its documentation of the Object Modelling Technique (OMT), a
            graphical notation for depicting object-oriented systems,
            Object-Oriented Modelling and Design does a first-rate job of
            explaining basic and advanced object-orientation concepts. The
            book then moves on to explain the authors' techniques for
            breaking down problems into components and figuring out systems
            of interrelated objects that can be used as designs for programs.
            Interestingly, the authors devote part of their book to
            implementing object-oriented solutions in non-object-oriented
            languages--mainly {C}, {Ada}, and Fortran. There's also a great
            discussion of implementing object-oriented designs in relational
            database environments. The authors conclude their book with a
            sort of recipe section, detailing architectures for various types
            of programs in OMT.},
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0136298419/qid\%3D1006990173/sr\%
       3D1-4/ref\%3Dsr\%5F1\%5F10\%5F4/102-5556529-4227313}
}
@BOOK{Rumbaugh99-UMLRef,
 author = {James Rumbaugh and Robert Jacobson and Grady Booch},
 month = {January},
 year = 1999,
 title = {The Unified Modelling Language Reference Manual},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-30998-X},
 abstract = {The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has rapidly become the
            standard notation for modeling software-intensive systems. This
            book provides the definitive description of UML from its original
            developers--James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, and Grady Booch.
            Whether you are capturing requirements, developing a software
            architecture, designing the implementation, or trying to
            understand an existing system, this is the book for you. The
            majority of the book is a unique alphabetical list of articles
            covering every aspect of UML in a form convenient for quick
            reference and detailed study. This format permits full coverage
            of UML details as well as high-level articles without confusing
            the reader by constant shifts in level. The first part of the
            book--a complete summary of UML concepts organized by subject
            area--provides an introduction to UML for the newcomer as well as
            entry points into the detailed articles. Highlights of the book
            include: \begin{itemize} \item Two-color diagrams, extensively
            annotated. \item Thorough coverage of both semantics and
            notation, separated in each article for easy reference.
            \item Further explanations of concepts whose meaning or purpose
            is obscure in the original specifications. \item Discussion
            sections offering usage advice and additional insight into tricky
            concepts. \item A hyperlinked version of the book in Adobe Reader
            format on CD-ROM, an excellent resource for browsing or searching
            the text for specific information. \item Full text of the \UML{}
            specification documents on CD-ROM, courtesy of the Object
            Management Group. \item Notation summary, with hyperlinks to
            individual articles on CD-ROM. \end{itemize}},
 url = {www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/020130998X/026-2174472-9898019}
}
@BOOK{Riel96-Metrics,
 author = {Arthur J. Riel},
 year = 1996,
 title = {Object-Oriented Design Heuristics},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 abstract = {Object-Oriented Design Heuristics offers insight into
            object-oriented design improvement. The more than sixty
            guidelines presented in this book are language-independent and
            allow you to rate the integrity of a software design. The
            heuristics are not written as hard and fast rules; they are meant
            to serve as warning mechanisms which allow the flexibility of
            ignoring the heuristic as necessary. This tutorial-based
            approach, born out of the author's extensive experience
            developing software, teaching thousands of students, and
            critiquing designs in a variety of domains, allows you to apply
            the guidelines in a personalized manner. The heuristics cover
            important topics ranging from classes and objects (with emphasis
            on their relationships including association, uses, containment,
            and both single and multiple inheritance) to physical
            object-oriented design. You will gain an understanding of the
            synergy that exists between design heuristics and the popular
            concept of design patterns; heuristics can highlight a problem in
            one facet of a design while patterns can provide the solution.
            Programmers of all levels will find value in this book. The
            newcomer will discover a fast track to understanding the concepts
            of object-oriented programming. At the same time, experienced
            programmers seeking to strengthen their object-oriented
            development efforts will appreciate the insightful analysis. In
            short, with Object-Oriented Design Heuristics as your guide, you
            have the tools to become a better software developer.},
 where = {Books}
}
@BOOK{Rich90-ProgrammersApprentice,
 author = {Charles Rich and Richard C. Waters},
 month = {January},
 year = 1990,
 title = {The Programmer's Apprentice},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {ACM Press Frontier Series and Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-52425-2},
 abstract = {Where will the next order of magnitude improvement in software
            productivity come from? In this book, two leading researchers at
            M.I.T. answer this question by describing the Programmer's
            Apprentice, a powerful new approach to computer-aided software
            engineering (CASE) that combines artificial intelligence and
            software engineering techniques. The Programmer's Apprentice is
            an intelligent assistant for software engineers that will provide
            advice, catch errors, and take care of routine details throughout
            the software process, from requirements acquisition to
            implementation and maintenance. Rich and Waters use extensive
            illustrations and transcripts from a demonstration system to make
            the principles and methods underlying the Programmer's Apprentice
            understandable to both researchers and engineers. In the
            concluding chapter, they give specific examples of how to apply
            ideas from the Programmer's Apprentice to the next generation of
            CASE tools. This book will give software professionals and CASE
            tool designers a glimpse of what to expect in the future of
            software development. It will also inspire researchers and
            students in both artificial intelligence and software engineering
            by showing the results of synergy between these two disciplines.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {A MUST READ!}
}
@BOOK{Pressman97-SoftwareEngineering,
 author = {Roger S. Pressman},
 month = {November},
 year = 2001,
 title = {Software Engineering -- {A} Practitioner's Approach},
 edition = {5$^{th}$},
 publisher = {McGraw-Hill Higher Education},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-07-249668-1},
 abstract = {For over 20 years, \textit{Software Engineering -- A
            Practitioner's Approach} has been the best selling guide to
            software engineering for students and industry professionals
            alike. In its fifth edition, the book has undergone major design
            changes, substantial content updates, and expension to 32
            chapters that address every important topic in what many have
            called "the engineering discipline of the 21$^{st}$ century." The
            format and style of the book have been completely revised to make
            it even more reader-friendly. In addition, a major new web site
            provides comprehensive software engineering resources for
            students, instructors, and industry professionals. The content of
            the fifth edition has been compartmentalized to make the book
            easier to use in the classroom and as a self-study guide. Part
            One, The Product and The Process, presents an introduction to
            software engineering milieu. Part Two, Managing Software
            Projects, covers topics that are relevant to those who plan,
            manage, and control software projects. Part Three, Conventional
            Methods for Software Engineering, considers the traditional
            analysis, design, and testing methods that are still widely used
            throughout the industry. Part Four, Advanced Software Engineering
            Topics, includes dedicated chapters that address formal methods,
            cleanroom software engineering, component-based development,
            client server software engineering, Web engineering,
            reengineering, and CASE.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {Cost of maintenance},
 url = {www.accu.org/bookreviews/public/reviews/s/s000005.htm}
}
@MISC{GDT03-Dictionnaire,
 author = {{Office qu{\'e}b{\'e}cois de la langue fran{\c c}aise}},
 month = {f\'evrier},
 year = 2003,
 title = {Grand dictionnaire terminologique en ligne},
 kind = {DIVERS},
 abstract = {\textit{Le grand dictionnaire terminologique} de l'Office
            qu\'eb\'ecois de la langue fran\c caise est une banque de
            donn\'ees terminologiques. On y trouve, class\'es par domaines,
            des termes appartenant aux langues de sp\'ecialit\'es. La fiche
            terminologique renseigne sur une notion, par la d\'efinition, les
            notes, l'illustration, et pr\'esente les termes qui d\'esignent
            cette notion. Le terme principal est celui que privil\'egie
            l'Office qu\'eb\'ecois de la langue fran\c caise dans les
            situations de communication \'ecrite. Les termes consign\'es en
            sous-entr\'ee peuvent g\'en\'eralement \^etre employ\'es, mais
            leur emploi doit \^etre nuanc\'e dans certains cas.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {Vive le Qu\'ebec...},
 url = {w3.granddictionnaire.com/}
}
@BOOK{Meyer92-TheorieLangages,
 author = {Bertrand Meyer},
 year = 1992,
 title = {Introduction \`A la Th\'eorie Des Langages de Programmation},
 publisher = {InterEditions},
 kind = {LEDL},
 abstract = {Pour les d\'eveloppeurs de logiciel, les langages de
            programmation sont l'outil fondamental et quotidien. Trop peu
            pourtant connaissent les bases th\'eoriques qui permettent de
            ma\^{\i}triser les langages et de mieux les employer. Par une
            d\'emarche progressive, claire et bien structur\'ee, l'auteur
            pr\'esente successivement les notions de syntaxe abstraite et de
            s\'emantique formelle. Puis il d\'eveloppe la s\'emantique
            d\'enotationnelle et la s\'emantique axiomatique. Pour illustrer
            son discours, il expose et approfondit des concepts importants,
            comme le lambda-calcul et les d\'efinitions r\'ecursives. Ce
            livre fournit, de surcro\^{\i}t, une excellente \'etude
            comparative des caract\'eristiques de diff\'erents langages de
            programmation. Algol, Ada, Lisp, Pascal, C... et les langages \`a
            objets, notamment Eiffel, sont tour \`a tour \'evoqu\'es. Il en
            ressort une vue synth\'etique tr\`es riche de leurs diff\'erences
            et--ou de leurs parent\'es ainsi que des choix qui ont
            pr\'esid\'e \`a leur impl\'ementation. La pr\'esentation a
            \'et\'e con\c cue pour des praticiens de la programmation :
            l'auteur utilise en permanence des exemples de programmes
            concrets et des analogies emprunt\'ees aux situations les plus
            courantes de la construction de logiciel. Tous les concepts
            math\'ematiques n\'ecessaires sont emprunt\'es \`a la th\'eorie
            \'el\'ementaire des ensembles et d\'efinis clairement dans un
            bref chapitre d'introduction. Enfin, le lecteur appr\'eciera de
            pouvoir \'evaluer ses acquis gr\^ace aux exercices propos\'es \`a
            la fin de chaque chapitre. Les concepteurs de langage puiseront
            dans cet ouvrage les bases fondamentales de leur travail. Les
            \'etudiants et les ing\'enieurs y trouveront un expos\'e
            didactique leur permettant d'approfondir leurs connaissances
            th\'eoriques.}
}
@MISC{MerriamWebster03-Dictionnary,
 author = {Merriam-Webster},
 month = {March},
 year = 2003,
 title = {Merriam-Webster Online Dictionnary},
 kind = {DIVERS},
 abstract = {A handy, reliable and authoritative dictionary that provides a
            wealth of information about the words most frequently used in
            English. This book is packed with features you would only expect
            to find in larger dictionaries, with more than 70,000 definitions
            and 150 illustrations. The great go-anywhere, look-it-up-fast
            language reference including the core vocabulary of everyday
            life: \begin{itemize} \item Over 70,000 clear, concise
            definitions. \item Authoritative pronunciations. \item Special
            sections and tables. \end{itemize}},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {English is hard!},
 url = {www.merriam-webster.com/}
}
@BOOK{Masini89-LangagesObjets,
 author = {G{\'e}rald Masini and Amedeo Napoli and Dominique Colnet and
          Daniel L{\'e}onard and Karl Tombre},
 year = 1989,
 title = {Les Langages \`A Objets},
 publisher = {InterEditions},
 kind = {LEDL},
 abstract = {Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'un travail d'enseignement et de
            recherche commenc\'e en 1985 au CRIN (Centre de Recherche en
            Informatique de Nancy). Il s'adresse \`a tous les membres de la
            communaut\'e informatique, des n\'eophytes aux sp\'ecialistes. Il
            passe en revue les diff\'erentes facettes de la programmation
            objet et effectue un vaste tour d'horizon des langages \`a objets
            : pr\'esentation didactique des concepts de base de la
            programmation objet ; historique et classification des langages
            \`a objets : langages \`a classes, langages de frames, langages
            d'acteurs et langages hybrides ; description comparative de
            nombreaux langages \`a objets : Smalltalk, Objective-C, Flavors,
            CLOS, C++, Eiffel, KRL, etc. ; \'etude comparative de la
            programmation avec un langage \`a classe (Smalltalk) et avec un
            langage plus classique (Ada). Il fournit en outre le source
            comment\'e de l'impl\'ementation de trois langages \`a objets.
            Cet ouvrage de r\'ef\'erence, gr\^ace aux nombreux exemples qu'il
            contient, constitue \'egalement un support de cours id\'eal pour
            les enseignants d\'esireux d'initier leurs \'etudiants aux
            langages \`a objets.}
}
@BOOK{Sun99-JavaVirtualMachine,
 author = {Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin},
 month = {April},
 year = 1999,
 title = {The Java Virtual Machine Specification},
 edition = {2$^{nd}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-43294-3},
 abstract = {The nucleus of the Java 2 platform, the Java virtual machine is
            the technology that enables the Java 2 platform to host
            applications on any computer or operating system without
            rewriting or recompiling. The Java virtual machine is also
            responsible for the compactness of applications targeting the
            Java 2 platform, and is the basis for its security capabilities.
            This book was written by those directly responsible for the
            design and implementation of the Java virtual machine, and is the
            complete and definitive specification for the technology. It is
            an essential reference for writers of compilers for the Java
            programming language and implementors of the Java virtual
            machine. This second edition specifies the newest version of the
            Java virtual machine and provides a fascinating view into the
            inner workings of the Java 2 platform. In this book you will find
            comprehensive coverage of the class file format, the hardware,
            operating system, and implementation-independent binary format
            for compiled code. The authors fully describe the instruction set
            of the Java virtual machine. You will find an entire chapter of
            examples that demonstrate how to compile code written in the Java
            programming language into the instruction set of the Java virtual
            machine. In addition, the book presents a discussion on the vital
            topic of Java virtual machine threads and their interaction with
            memory. All in all, this comprehensive, detailed, and methodical
            presentation provides the information necessary to implement your
            own fully compatible Java virtual machine.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {THE virtual machine that started it all...},
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0201432943}
}
@PHDTHESIS{Leblanc00-Galois,
 author = {Herv{\'e} Leblanc},
 month = {d\'ecembre},
 year = 2000,
 kind = {THESE},
 title = {Sous-Hi\'erarchie de Galois : Un Mod\`ele Pour la Construction et
         L'\'evolution Des Hi\'erarchies D'objets},
 institution = {Universit\'e de Montpellier II -- {U.F.R.} Sciences de
               Montpellier},
 school = {Information, Structures et Syst\`emes}
}
@BOOK{Larousse95-Dictionnaire,
 author = {Larousse},
 year = 1995,
 title = {Le Petit Larousse Illustr\'e},
 edition = {90$^{e}$},
 publisher = {Larousse},
 kind = {DIVERS},
 isbn = {2-03-301195-X},
 language = {francais},
 abstract = {Depuis 1906, le \textit{Petit Larousse} fait partie int\'egrante
            du patrimoine culturel et sentimental de tous les Fran\c cais et
            de tous les amoureux de la langue fran\c caise. Cette ann\'ee
            encore, plus d'un million de lecteurs, en France, en Belgique, en
            Suisse, au Qu\'ebec, en Afrique..., ach\`eteront un nouveau
            \textit{Petit Larousse}. Symbole de savoir-faire et
            d'exp\'erience en mati\`ere de dictionnaire, le \textit{Petit
            Larousse} est traduit et adapt\'e en espagnol, finnois, italiens,
            n\'eerlandais, portugais, serbo-croate et turc, devenant ainsi
            une r\'ef\'erence internationale. Une version en langue anglaise
            est actuellement en pr\'eparation. Si le \textit{Petit Larousse}
            est une v\'eritable institution, c'est parce que son objectif est
            double : offrir \`a ses lecteurs ce qui constitue leur patrimoine
            linguistique et culturel, tout en refl\'etant l'\'evolution du
            monde contemporain. Ainsi, chaque ann\'ee et toujours avec
            discernement, il enregistre des mots nouveaux, accueille des
            personnalit\'es et, sans cesse mis \`a jour dans ses
            d\'eveloppements encyclop\'ediques, il rend compte des
            \'ev\`enements les plus actuels. Le succ\`es du \textit{Petit
            Larousse} tient aussi \`a l'importance capitale qu'il a, le
            premier, accord\'ee \`a l'illustration. Les dessins, les
            photographies, les cartes et les sch\'emas \'eclairent les mots,
            prolongent les d\'efinitions ; les planches mettent en relation
            les \'el\'ements dispers\'es par l'odre alphab\'etique.
            L'exp\'erience prouve que l'illustration, en plus de son r\^ole
            didactique, est aussi un extraordinaire vecteur d'\'emotion qui
            attise la curiosit\'e et s'inscrit dans la m\'emoire de chacun.
            Aujourd'hui, toutes en couleurs, les illustrations~-- 3 600
            dessins, sch\'emas et photographies, 285 cartes~-- offrent une
            documentation visuelle encore plus actuelle, riche et attrayante.}
}
@MANUAL{Koutsofios02-Dot,
 author = {Eleftherios Koutsofios and Stephen North},
 month = {February},
 year = 2002,
 title = {Drawing graphs with \ygg@product{Dot}},
 organization = {AT\&T Labs-Research},
 kind = {DIVERS},
 abstract = {\ygg@product{Dot} draws directed graphs as hierarchies. It runs
            as a command line program, web visualization service, or with a
            compatible graphical interface. Its features include well-tuned
            layout algorithms for placing nodes and edge splines, edge
            labels, ``record" shapes with ``ports" for drawing data
            structures; cluster layouts; and an underlying file language for
            stream-oriented graph tools. Below is a reduced module dependency
            graph of an SML-NJ compiler that took 0.98 seconds of user time
            on a 1.4 Ghz AMD Athlon.},
 url = {www.research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/dotguide.pdf}
}
@PROCEEDINGS{Knudsen01-ECOOP2001,
 editor = {Jorgen Lindskov Knudsen},
 year = 2001,
 title = {{ECOOP} 2001 -- Object-Oriented Programming},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {3-540-42206-4}
}
@BOOK{Keene89-CommonLisp,
 author = {Sonya E. Keene},
 month = {December},
 year = 1989,
 title = {Object-Oriented Programming in {Common Lisp}},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-17589-4},
 abstract = {This book shows software developers the powerful set of tools
            (CLOS) available for developing oject-oriented programs in
            \ygg@pl{Common Lisp}. The advantages of using CLOS to design,
            develop, maintain, and extend complex programs are many: it
            allows for modular implementation; programs more closely resemble
            what they model; programs are conveniently extensible; and CLOS
            defines conventions that will be shared across the \ygg@pl{Common
            Lisp} community. CLOS has been adopoted as part of \ygg@pl{Common
            Lisp} by the X3J13 committtee, which is working on creating the
            ANSI Standard \ygg@pl{Common Lisp}. \ygg@pl{Common Lisp}
            programmers can use this book to start developing object-oriented
            programs in \ygg@pl{Common Lisp} as quickly as possible. Readers
            who are not familiar with \ygg@pl{Common Lisp} can discover from
            this book the major themes of object-oriented programming.},
 relevance = 10,
 relevantfor = {Multi-methods.},
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0201175894/102-7236002-
       3922509}
}
@BOOK{Grand98-Patterns,
 author = {Mark Grand},
 year = 1998,
 title = {Patterns in {Java}~-- {V}olume 1},
 publisher = {John Willey \& Sons, Inc.},
 kind = {LEDL},
 relevance = 90,
 relevantfor = {Fundamental, creational, partitioning, structural,
               behavioral, and concurrency patterns.},
 url = {www.clickblocks.org/patterns1/pattern\_synopses.htm\#synopses},
 where = {Binder 5}
}
@BOOK{Sun96-JavaLanguage,
 author = {James Gosling and Bill Joy and Guy Steele},
 month = {June},
 year = 2000,
 title = {The {Java} Language Specification},
 edition = {2$^{nd}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-31008-2},
 abstract = {Written by the inventors of the technology, \textit{The Java
            Language Specification, Second Edition} is the definitive
            technical reference for the Java programming language. If you
            want to know the precise meaning of the language's constructs,
            this is the source for you. The book provides complete, accurate,
            and detailed coverage of the syntax and semantics of the Java
            programming language. It describes all aspects of the language,
            including the semantics of all types, statements, and
            expressions, as well as threads and binary compatibility.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {Java!},
 url = {java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/}
}
@BOOK{GoF94-Patterns,
 author = {Erich Gamma and Richard Helm and Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides},
 year = 1994,
 title = {Design Patterns~-- {E}lements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-63361-2},
 abstract = {Capturing a wealth of experience about the design of
            object-oriented software, four top-notch designers present a
            catalogue of simple and succinct solutions to commonly occurring
            design problems. Previously undocumented, these 23 patterns allow
            designers to create more flexible, elegant, and ultimately
            reusable designs without having to rediscover the design
            solutions themselves. The authors begin by describing what
            patterns are and how they can help you design object-oriented
            software. They then go on to systematically name, explain,
            evaluate, and catalogue recurring designs in object-oriented
            systems. With Design Patterns as your guide, you will learn how
            these important patterns fit into the software development
            process, and how you can leverage them to solve your own design
            problems most efficiently. Each pattern describes the
            circumstances in which it is applicable, when it can be applied
            in view of other design constraints, and the consequences and
            trade-offs of using the pattern within a larger design. All
            patterns are compiled from real systems and are based on
            real-world examples. Each pattern also includes code that
            demonstrates how it may be implemented in object-oriented
            programming languages like C++ or Smalltalk.},
 where = {Books}
}
@BOOK{Gabriel96-PatternsOfSoftware,
 author = {Richard P. Gabriel},
 month = {April},
 year = 1996,
 title = {Patterns of Software: Tales from the Software Community},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Oxford University Press},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-19-5100269-X},
 abstract = {In our homes, our schools, and our our businesses, computers
            play an ever-increasing role. But while most of us today can work
            a computer---albeit with the help of the ever-present computer
            software manual---we know little about what goes on inside the
            box and virtually nothing about software design or the world of
            computer programming. In \textit{Patterns of Software}, the
            respected software pioneer and computer scientist, Richard P.
            Gabriel, gives us an informative inside look at the world of
            software design and computer programming and the businesses that
            surround them. In this wide-ranging volume, Gabriel discusses
            such topics as what makes a successful programming languages, how
            the rest of the world looks at and responds to the work of
            computer scientists, how he first became involved in computer
            programming and software development, what makes a successful
            software business, and why his own company, Lucid, failed in
            1994, then years after its inception. Perhaps the most
            interesting and enlightening section of the book is Gabriel's
            detailed look at what he believes are the lessons that can be
            learned from architect Christopher Alexander, whose
            books---including the seminal \textit{A Pattern Language}--- have
            had a profound influence on the computer programming community.
            Gabriel illuminates some of Alexander's key insights---the
            quality without a name, pattern languages, habitability,
            piecemeal growth---and reveals how these influential
            architectural ideas apply equally well to the construction of a
            computer program. Gabriel explains the concept of habitability,
            for example, by comparing a program to a New England farmhouse
            and the surrounding structures which slowly grow and are modified
            according to the needs and desires of the people who live and
            work on the farm. ``Programs live and grow, and their
            inhabitants---the programmers---need to work with that program
            the way the farmer works with the homestead." Although computer
            scientists and software entrepreneurs will get much out of this
            book, the essays are accessible to everyone and will intrigue
            anyone curious about Silicon Valley, computer programming, and
            the world of high technology.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {Piecemeal growth and the rest!},
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0195121236/103-3299277-
       4167825}
}
@BOOK{Fowler96-AnalysisPattern,
 author = {Martin Fowler},
 month = {October},
 year = 1996,
 title = {Analysis Patterns : Reusable Object Models},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley -- Object Technology Series},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-89542-0},
 abstract = {This innovative book recognizes the need within the
            object-oriented community for a book that goes beyond the tools
            and techniques of the typical methodology book. In Analysis
            Patterns- Reusable Object Models , Martin Fowler focuses on the
            end result of object-oriented analysis and design - the models
            themselves. He shares with you his wealth of object modeling
            experience and his keen eye for identifying repeating problems
            and transforming them into reusable models. Analysis Patterns
            provides a catalogue of patterns that have emerged in a wide
            range of domains including trading, measurement, accounting and
            organizational relationships. Recognizing that conceptual
            patterns cannot exist in isolation, the author also presents a
            series of "support patterns" that discuss how to turn conceptual
            models into software that in turn fits into an architecture for a
            large information system. Included in each pattern is the
            reasoning behind their design, rules for when they should and
            should not be used, and tips for implementation. The examples
            presented in this book comprise a cookbook of useful models and
            insight into the skill of reuse that will improve analysis,
            modeling and implementation.},
 relevance = 50,
 relevantfor = {Analysis patterns...},
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0201895420}
}
@BOOK{Fowler99-Refactoring,
 author = {Martin Fowler},
 year = 1999,
 title = {Refactoring~-- {I}mproving the Design of Existing Code},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 where = {Books}
}
@BOOK{MF97,
 author = {Martin Fowler},
 year = 1997,
 title = {Analysis Patterns~-- {R}eusable Object Models},
 kind = {LEDL},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley}
}
@BOOK{Flanagan97-JavaInANutshell,
 author = {David Flanagan},
 month = {May},
 year = 1997,
 title = {Java in a Nutshell},
 publisher = {O'Reilly},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {1-565-92262-X}
}
@BOOK{Felleisen98-Little,
 author = {Matthias Felleisen and Daniel P. Friedman},
 year = 1998,
 title = {A Little {Java}, A Few Patterns},
 publisher = {The MIT Press},
 kind = {LEDL},
 relevantfor = {A good introductory book and {Java} and the Visitor Pattern ...
           Plus a fabulous quote: p164 ``When does the future begin? - Does
           it begin below the stand-alone semicolon? - That's precisely what
           a stand-alone semicolon means."},
 where = {Books}
}
@BOOK{FAMOOS,
 author = {St{\'e}phane Ducasse and Serge Demeyer (Editors)},
 year = 1999,
 title = {The {FAMOOS} Object-Oriented Reengineering Handbook},
 kind = {LEDL}
}
@BOOK{SoftwareVisualization02,
 editor = {Stephan Diehl},
 month = {May},
 year = 2002,
 title = {Software Visualization},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {3-540-43323-6}
}
@TECHREPORT{Deimel90-ReadingPrograms,
 author = {Lionel E. Deimel and J. Fernando Naveda},
 month = {August},
 year = 1990,
 kind = {RR},
 title = {Reading Computer Programs: Instructor's Guide and Exercises},
 number = {CMU/SEI-90-EM-3},
 institution = {Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University},
 abstract = {The ability to read and understand a computer program is a
            critical skill for the software developper, yet this skill is
            seldom developped in any systematic way in the education or
            training of software professionals. These materials discuss the
            importance of program reading, and review what is known about
            reading strategies and other factors affecting comprehension.
            These materials also include reading exercises for a modest
            \ygg@pl{Ada} program and discuss how educators can structure
            additional exercises to enhance program reading skills.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {Program understanding!},
 url = {www.deimel.org/comp{\_}sci/reading{\_}computer{\_}programs.htm},
 where = {Books}
}
@BOOK{Coplien91-ImplementationPatterns,
 author = {James O. Coplien},
 month = {August},
 year = 1991,
 title = {Advanced C++ Programming Styles and Idioms},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-54855-0},
 abstract = {Assuming a background in C++ basics, this book helps programmers
            to develop their programming expertise by giving a feel for the
            styles and idioms of the language. The approach is organized
            around the abstractions that C++ supports: Abstract data types,
            combining types in inheritance structures, object-oriented
            programming, and multiple inheritance. The book also explors
            idioms that the core of the C++ language does not support
            directly, such as virtual constructors, prototype objects, and
            advanced garbage collection techniques.},
 url = {
       www.awprofessional.com/catalog/product.asp?product\_id=\%7BF983A2EA- 89B7-4F25-B82B-6CC86496C735\%7D}
}
@BOOK{Cattell91-ObjectDatabase,
 author = {R. G. G. Cattell},
 year = 1991,
 title = {Object Data Management: Object-Oriented and Extended Database
         Systems},
 publisher = {Addison Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL}
}
@BOOK{Card90-Quality,
 author = {David N. Card and Robert L. Glass},
 year = 1990,
 title = {Measuring Software Design Quality},
 publisher = {Prentice Hall},
 kind = {LEDL},
 abstract = {Here is a practical guide to software metrics. It is written by
            two experienced practitioners who roll up their sleeves and show
            ou how to use measures derived from a simple model of the
            software design and development process to assess quality.},
 relevance = 95,
 relevantfor = {Design quality metrics},
 where = {Books at OTI OTT}
}
@BOOK{Buschman96-ArchitecturalPattern,
 author = {Frank Buschmann and Regine Meunier and Hans Rohnert and Peter
          Sommerlad and Michael Stal},
 month = {August},
 year = 1996,
 title = {Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-47-195869-7},
 abstract = {Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture is a new approach to
            software development. This book represents the progression and
            evolution of the pattern approach into a system of patterns
            capable of describing and documenting large-scale applications. A
            pattern system provides, on one level, a pool of proven solutions
            to many recurring design problems. On another it shows how to
            combine individual patterns into heterogenous structures and as
            such it can be used to facilitate a constructive development of
            software systems. Uniquely, the patterns that are presented in
            this book span several levels of abstractions from high-level
            architectural patterns and medium-level design patterns to
            low-level idioms. This shifts the focus from what was conceived
            as an object-oriented design technique for reuse to a powerful
            and documentable method for designing large and complex software
            systems. The intention of, and motivation for, this book is to
            support both novices and experts in software development. Novices
            will gain from the experience inherent in pattern descriptions
            and experts will hopefully make use of, add to, extend and modify
            patterns to tailor them to their own needs. None of the pattern
            descriptions are cast in stone and just as they are borne from
            experience, it is expected that further use will feed in and
            refine individual patterns and produce an evolving system of
            patterns.},
 url = {http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0471958697/104-
       1238236-1419115}
}
@BOOK{Brown98-AntiPatterns,
 author = {William J. Brown and Raphael C. Malveau and William H. Brown and
          Hays W. McCormick III and Thomas J. Mowbray},
 month = {March},
 year = 1998,
 title = {Anti Patterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in
         Crisis},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-471-19713-0},
 abstract = {Are you headed into software development mine field? Follow
            someone if you can, but if you're on your own --- better get the
            map! \textit{AntiPatterns} is the map. This book helps you
            navigate through today's dangerous software development projects.
            Just look at the statistics: \begin{itemize}\item Nearly
            one-third of all software projects are cancelled.
            \item Two-thirds of all software projects encounter cost overruns
            in excess of 200\%. \item Over 80\% of all software projects are
            deemed failures. \end{itemize} While patterns help you to
            identify and implement procedures, designs, and codes that work,
            anti-patterns do the exact opposite: They let you zero-in on the
            development detonators, architectural tripwires, and personality
            booby traps that can spell doom for your project. Written by an
            all-star team of object-oriented system developers,
            \textit{AntiPatterns} identifies 40 of the most common
            anti-patterns in the areas of software development, architecture,
            and project management. The authors then show you how to detect
            and defuse anti-patterns as well as supply refactored solutions
            for each anti-pattern presented.},
 relevance = 100,
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0471197130/ref=ase\_theanti
       patterngr/103-4749445-6141457}
}
@BOOK{Booch91-Design,
 author = {Grady Booch},
 month = {September},
 year = 1993,
 title = {Object-Oriented Design with Applications},
 edition = {2$^{nd}$},
 publisher = {The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-8053-5340-2},
 abstract = {The first edition of \textit{Object-Oriented Design with
            Applications} was instrumental in making object-oriented
            technology a practical reality--hundreds of projects applied
            Booch's notation and process to complex problems in diverse
            domains. In this eagerly-awaited new edition, Grady Booch draws
            upon the rich and varied results of these projects to offer
            improved methods for object development and a new,
            \textit{unified notation}. With numerous examples, all of which
            are now implemented in C++, Booch illustrates essential concepts,
            explains the method, and shows successful applications in a
            variety of fields. You'll also find pragmatic advice on a host of
            issues including classification, implementation strategies, and
            cost-effective project management.},
 relevance = 100,
 relevantfor = {The Booch method covers the analysis- and design-phases of a
               OO-system. {Booch} sometimes is criticized for his big set of
               different symbols. It's true that {Booch} defines a lot of symbols
               to document almost every design decision. If you work with this
               method, you notice that you will never use all these symbols and
               diagrams. You start with class- and object-diagrams in the
               analysis phase and refine these diagrams in various steps. Only
               when you are ready to generate code, you add some design symbols.
               And this is where {Booch} is strong: You can really document your
               OO-code. Round-trip in object-oriented programming.},
 url = {www.informit.com/isapi/product\_id~\%7BDB6ED747-9417-4126-8CFA-
       BA32C4B05ECC\%7D/content/index.asp}
}
@BOOK{Booch99-UMLGuide,
 author = {Grady Booch and James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson},
 month = {October},
 year = 1999,
 title = {The Unified Modeling Language User Guide},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-57168-4},
 abstract = {Introduced in 1997, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has
            rapidly been accepted throughout the software industry as the
            standard graphical language for specifying, constructing,
            visualizing and documenting software-intensive systems. The UML
            provides anyone involved in the production, deployment, and
            maintenance of software with a standard notation for expressing a
            system's blueprint. The UML covers conceptual things, such as
            business processes and system functions, as well as concrete
            things, such as programming-language classes, database schemas,
            and reusable software components. In \textit{The Unified Modeling
            Language User Guide}, the original developers of the UML---Grady
            Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson---provide a tutorial to
            the core aspects of the language in a two-color format designed
            to facilitate learning. Starting with a conceptual model of the
            UML, the book progressively applies the UML to a series of
            increasingly complex modeling problems across a variety of
            application domains. This example-driven approach helps readers
            quickly understand and apply the UML. For more advanced
            developers, the book includes a learning track focused on
            applying the UML to advanced modeling problems. With \textit{The
            Unified Modeling Language User Guide}, readers will:
            \begin{itemize} \item Understand what the UML is, what it is not,
            and why it is relevant to the development of software-intensive
            systems. \item Master the vocabulary, rules, and idioms of the
            UML in order to ``speak" the language effectively. \item Learn
            how to apply the UML to a number of common modeling problems.
            \item See illustrations of the UML's use interspersed with use
            cases for specific UML features. \item Gain insight into the UML
            from the original creators of the UML. \end{itemize}},
 relevance = 50,
 relevantfor = {UML},
 url = {www.bookpool.com/.x/krx9tbjff4/sm/umod\_lang\_ug}
}
@BOOK{SABRSA96,
 author = {Shawn A. Bohner and Robert S. Arnold},
 year = 1996,
 title = {Software Change Impact Analysis},
 publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
 kind = {LEDL}
}
@BOOK{Bezier90-Testing,
 author = {Boris Bezier},
 year = 1990,
 title = {Software Testing Techniques},
 publisher = {Van Nostrand Rheinhold Company, New York},
 kind = {LEDL}
}
@BOOK{Beck99-eXtreme,
 author = {Kent Beck},
 month = {October},
 year = 1999,
 title = {Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-201-61641-6},
 abstract = {Software development projects can be fun, productive, and even
            daring. Yet they can consistently deliver value to a business and
            remain under control. Extreme Programming (XP) was conceived and
            developed to address the specific needs of software development
            conducted by small teams in the face of vague and changing
            requirements. This new lightweight methodology challenges many
            conventional tenets, including the long-held assumption that the
            cost of changing a piece of software necessarily rises
            dramatically over the course of time. XP recognizes that projects
            have to work to achieve this reduction in cost and exploit the
            savings once they have been earned. You may love XP or you may
            hate it, but \textit{Extreme Programming Explained} will force
            you to take a fresh look at how you develop software.},
 url = {www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0201616416/103-1640084-
       5126214}
}
@BOOK{Alexander77-PatternLanguage,
 author = {Christopher Alexander and Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein and
          Max Jacobson and Ingrid Fiksdahl-King and Shlomo Angel},
 month = {August},
 year = 1978,
 title = {A Pattern Language},
 edition = {1$^{st}$},
 publisher = {Oxford University Press},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-19-501919-9},
 abstract = {You can use this book to design a house for yourself with your
            family; you can use it to work with your neighbors to improve
            your town and neihborhood; you can use it to design an office, or
            a workshop, or a public building. And you can use it to guide you
            in the actual process of construction. After a ten-year silence,
            Christopher Alexander and his colleagues at the Center for
            Environment Structure are now publishing a major statement in the
            form of three books which will, in their words, ``lay the basis
            for an entirely new approach to architecture, building and
            planning, which will we hope replace existing ideas and practices
            entirely". At the core of these three books is the idea that
            people should design for themselves their own houses, streets,
            and communities. This idea may be radical (it implies a radical
            transformation of the architectural profession) but it comes
            simply from the observation that most of the wonderful places of
            the world were not made by architects but by the people. At the
            core of the books too is the point that in designing their
            environments people always rely on certain ``languages", which,
            like the languages we speak, allow them to articulate and
            communicate an infinite variety of designs within a formal system
            which gives them coherence. It will enable a person to make a
            design for almost any kind of building, or any part of the built
            environment. ``Patterns", the units of this language, are answers
            to design problems (How high should a window still be? How many
            stories should a building have? How much space in a neighborhood
            should be devoted to grass and trees?). More than 250 of the
            patterns in this pattern languages are given: each consists of a
            problem statement, a discussion of the problem with an
            illustration, and a solution. As the authors say in their
            introduction, many of the patterns are archetypal, so deeply
            rooted in the nature of things that it seems likely that they
            will be a part of human nature, and human action, as much in five
            hundred year as they are today.},
 url = {www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-501919-9}
}
@BOOK{Abelson92-StructureInterpretation,
 author = {Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman},
 year = 1992,
 title = {Structure et Interpretation Des Programmes Informatiques},
 publisher = {InterEditions},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {2-7296-0231-5}
}
@BOOK{Abadi96-TheoryOfObjects,
 author = {Mart{\'{\i}}n Abadi and Luca Cardelli},
 year = 1998,
 title = {A Theory of Objects},
 edition = {Second},
 series = {Monographs in Computer Science},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 kind = {LEDL},
 isbn = {0-387-94775-2},
 relevance = 50,
 url = {www.luca.demon.co.uk/TheoryOfObjects.html},
 where = {Library of the EMN}
}
@BOOK{Cardelli96-TheoryOfObjects,
 author = {Martin Abadi and Luca Cardelli},
 year = 1996,
 title = {Theory of Objects},
 publisher = {Spriner-Verlag},
 kind = {LEDL}
}