\def\filename{ml.doc}
\let\thisfilename\filename
\def\fileversion{ml-1.92}
\def\filedate{16 sept 1994}
\def\docdate{16 sept 1994}
%% \CheckSum{2296}
%% \CharacterTable
%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
%%
%
%\iffalse
%
% ML DOCUMENT-STYLE option for LaTeX version 2.09
% Copyright (C) 1993 by Hans Stoks, Malden, The Netherlands
%
% Please report errors to: J.W.H.M. Stoks
%
[email protected]
%\fi
%
% \changes{ml~1.3}{20 febr 93}{Corrected some bugs}
% \changes{ml~1.9}{15 june 93}{Except for ml.sty renamed the sty files to
% be input to .tex}
%
% \DoNotIndex{\!,\',\,,\.,,\:,\;,\?,\/,\^,\`,\@M}
% \DoNotIndex{\@,\@ne,\@m,\@afterheading,\@date,\@endpart}
% \DoNotIndex{\@hangfrom,\@idxitem,\@makeschapterhead,\@mkboth}
% \DoNotIndex{\@oddfoot,\@oddhead,\@restonecolfalse,\@restonecoltrue}
% \DoNotIndex{\@starttoc,\@unused}
% \DoNotIndex{\accent,\active}
% \DoNotIndex{\addcontentsline,\advance,\Alph,\arabic}
% \DoNotIndex{\baselineskip,\begin,\begingroup,\bf,\box,\c@secnumdepth}
% \DoNotIndex{\catcode,\centering,\char,\chardef,\clubpenalty}
% \DoNotIndex{\columnsep,\columnseprule,\crcr,\csname}
% \DoNotIndex{\day,\def,\dimen,\discretionary,\divide,\dp,\do,\docdate}
% \DoNotIndex{\edef,\else,\empty,\end,\endgroup,\endcsname,\endinput}
% \DoNotIndex{\errhelp,\errmessage,\expandafter,\fi,\filedate}
% \DoNotIndex{\fileversion,\fmtname,\fnum@figure,\fnum@table,\fontdimen}
% \DoNotIndex{\gdef,\global}
% \DoNotIndex{\hbox,\hidewidth,\hfil,\hskip,\hspace,\ht,\Huge,\huge,\ialign}
% \DoNotIndex{\if@twocolumn,\ifcase,\ifcat,\ifhmode,\ifmmode,\ifnum}
% \DoNotIndex{\ifx,\immediate,\ignorespaces,\input,\item,\kern,\labelsep,\Large}
% \DoNotIndex{\large,\labelwidth,\lccode,\leftmargin,\leavevmode,\let}
% \DoNotIndex{\lineskip,\list,\ll,\long,\lower,\m@ne}
% \DoNotIndex{\mathchar,\mathaccent,\markboth,\month,\multiply}
% \DoNotIndex{\newblock,\newbox,\newcount,\newdimen,\newwrite}
%^^A\newif is defined \outer
% \DoNotIndex{\nobreak,\noexpand,\noindent,\null,\number}
% \DoNotIndex{\onecolumn,\or}
% \DoNotIndex{\p@,\parbox,\parindent,\parskip,\penalty,\protect,\ps@headings}
%^^A\par is defined \outer
% \DoNotIndex{\quotation,\raggedright,\raise,\refstepcounter,\relax,\rm,\setbox}
% \DoNotIndex{\section,\setcounter,\settowidth,\scriptscriptstyle}
% \DoNotIndex{\sfcode,\sl,\sloppy,\small,\space,\strut}
% \DoNotIndex{\textwidth,\thechapter,\thefigure,\thepage,\spacefactor,\string}
% \DoNotIndex{\the,\thepart,\thetable,\thispagestyle,\titlepage,\tracingmacros}
% \DoNotIndex{\tw@,\twocolumn,\typeout,\uppercase,\usecounter,\vbox,\vfil}
% \DoNotIndex{\vskip,\vspace,\vss,\widowpenalty,\write,\xdef,\year,\z@,\z@skip}
%
%
% \title {ML, a multilingual style-option system for use
% with \LaTeX's standard document styles\thanks{
% I took this mainly from J.~Braam's babel.doc, since
% I wanted my ml to be compatible with his babel.}}
%
% \author{Hans Stoks}
% \address{Kroonsingel 36\\
% 6581 BM Malden\\
% The Netherlands}
% {\catcode`\"12
% \netaddress{
[email protected]}
% }
% \date{Printed \today}
%
% \maketitle
%
% \section{History}
% For a long time I have been struggling to make documents
% using different languages in the same document.
% When M.~Ferguson came up with his ml.tex and H.~Partl with his german.sty
% I started working at a styleoption which was mainly based on Partl's
% example.
%
% The first problem I faced (on my 8088 processor) was to input so many
% hyphenation patterns. I discovered that with only two pattern files,
% say one for american and one for continental hyphenation,
% I was able to hyphenate most modern languages correctly. I took
% the original hyphen.tex (ahyphen.tex) for american and the {\sc celex}
% patterns for continental hyphenation. However, I had to modify
% especially the {\sc celex} patterns to have them function also with german
% and french (for that reason I renamed the latter to euhyphen).
%
% Another thing I usually hate very much is to have to decide before
% beginning my document how many and which different languages I am going
% to use. So I made the call for the different languages automatic:
% I just say \verb=\dutch=, or \verb=\Dutch=, or \verb=\dutchTeX=, to
% switch to dutch (in fact these commands all input the file nl.sty).
% Then {\sf babel} came and for a long time I continued with my ml.sty
% (since it suited me well). However, I knew one day I just had to look at
% this style especially since it seems to me to be accepted widely.
%
% This new version of ml.sty is a modification to make it compatible
% with {\sf babel.} I designed it so that my old documents (and those of
% some beta testers whom I gave my style) do not have to be changed;
% i.e. the only style option requested is ml. I renamed the different
% style files to be input to .tex and modified them somewhat
% with ideas from the different style files coming with {\sf babel.} However,
% basically I wanted to keep my files since they do much more translating
% than J.~Braam's files.
%
% \section{The user interface}
%
% The user interface of this system of style options is quite simple.
% It consists of only two commands. These commands can be used to
% select another language or to find out what the current language is.
%
% \DescribeMacro\selectlanguage
% When a user wants to switch from one language to another he
% can do so using the macro \verb=\selectlanguage=. This macro
% takes the language, defined previously by a language-specific option,
% as its argument. It calls several macros that should be
% defined in the language-specific files to activate the special
% definitions for the language chosen. For compatibility with
% the original {\tt german.tex} (as much as possible)
% the synonym
% \verb=\setlanguage= is available, if it isn't already defined.
% And for compatibility with my older ml.sty the commands \verb=\dutch=,
% \verb=\Dutch=, or \verb=\dutchTeX=, \verb=\german=, \verb=\German=, or
% \verb=\germanTeX=, \verb=\french=, \verb=\French=, or \verb=\frenchTeX=,
% \verb=\english=, \verb=\English=, or \verb=\originalTeX=
% \verb=\russian=, \verb=\Russian=, or \verb=\cyrTeX=, and
% \verb=\greekTeX= still function in the same way they did.
%
% \DescribeMacro\iflanguage
% If more than one language is used it might be necessary to know
% which language is active at a specific time. This can be checked
% by a call to \verb=\iflanguage=. This macro takes three arguments.
% The first argument is the name of a language,
% the second and third arguments are the actions
% to take if the result of the test is {\tt true} or {\tt false}
% respectively.
%
%\StopEventually{%
% \clearpage
% \let\filename\thisfilename
% \clearpage
% \def\filename{index}
% \PrintIndex
% \clearpage
% \def\filename{changes}
% \PrintChanges
% \makesignature
% }
%
% \section{The implementation}
%
% The first thing to do is to write the current version of this
% file\footnote{The file described in this section is called
% {\tt \filename},
% has version number~\fileversion,
% was last revised on~\filedate,
% while the documentation was last revised on~\docdate.}.
% \begin{macrocode}
\wlog{Style option `ml' version \fileversion\space <\filedate>}
\wlog{English documentation dated <\docdate>}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% We want to be compatible with the {\sf babel} system, so we first
% input babel.sty.
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\undefined\mdqon\relax\else\endinput\fi
\@ifundefined{iflanguage}{\input babel.sty\relax}{\relax}
\ifx\undefined\babel@core@loaded\input babel.com\fi
% \end{macrocode}
%
%\let\filename\thisfilename
%
% \subsection{Correcting and adding some LaTeX commands}
%
% Every now and then I find in my reader list a message concerning some
% correction on some LaTeX command. I use to collect them and keep them
% here in my ml style since I am using this style as my default anyway.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\let\firstcolmark\relax
\def\@outputdblcol{\if@firstcolumn
\xdef\firstcolmark{\firstmark}
\global\@firstcolumnfalse
\global\setbox\@leftcolumn\box\@outputbox
\else \global\@firstcolumntrue
\setbox\@outputbox\vbox{\hbox to\textwidth{\hbox to\columnwidth
{\box\@leftcolumn \hss}\hfil \vrule width\columnseprule\hfil
\hbox to\columnwidth{\box\@outputbox \hss}}}\@combinedblfloats
\@outputpage \begingroup \@dblfloatplacement \@startdblcolumn
\@whilesw\if@fcolmade \fi{\@outputpage\@startdblcolumn}\endgroup
\fi}
\def\ps@right
{\let\@mkboth\markboth
\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}\def\@evenhead{\rm \thepage\hfil \sl
\leftmark}\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\sl \rightmark \hfil
\hbox to 0pt{\kern30pt \rm\thepage\hss}
}\def\sectionmark##1{\markright {\uppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
\thesection\hskip 1em\relax \fi ##1}}}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Correction on \verb=\tt_=:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\let\typewriter\tt
\gdef\tt{\typewriter\def\_{\char95}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsubsection{Some useful definitions}
%
% I have done quite some nice things with H.~Partl's macros containing
% the double quote, not only while using german. So I already define
% \verb=\mdqon= and \verb=\mdqoff= right here
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\def\mdqon{\catcode`\"\active}
\def\mdqoff{\catcode`\"12}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Now I would like to be able to switch to a lower trema in different
% languages\ldots
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\allowhyphens{\penalty\@M \hskip\z@skip}
\newcount\U@C\newbox\U@B\newdimen\U@D
\gdef\umlauthigh{\def\"{\protect{\accent127 ##1}}}
\gdef\umlautlow{\def\"{\protect\newumlaut}}
\gdef\newumlaut#1{\leavevmode\allowhyphens
\vbox{\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip.25ex
\ialign{##\crcr\hidewidth
\setbox\U@B\hbox{#1}\U@D .01\p@\U@C\U@D
\U@D\ht\U@B\advance\U@D -1ex\divide\U@D \U@C
\U@C\U@D\U@D\the\fontdimen1\the\font
\multiply\U@D \U@C\divide\U@D 100\kern\U@D
\vbox to .20ex
{\hbox{\char127}\vss}\hidewidth\crcr#1\crcr}}\allowhyphens}
\gdef\@UMLAUT{\"}
\gdef\@MATHUMLAUT{\mathaccent"707F }
\gdef\@SS{\mathchar"7019 }
\gdef\dq{"}
\gdef\highumlaut#1{\leavevmode\allowhyphens%
\accent127 #1\allowhyphens}%
% \end{macrocode}
%
% I add the quotes to the definitions of dospecials and sanitize:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
\def\do{\noexpand\do\noexpand}%
\xdef\dospecials{\dospecials\do\"}%
\expandafter\ifx\csname @sanitize\endcsname\relax \else
\def\@makeother{\noexpand\@makeother\noexpand}%
\xdef\@sanitize{\@sanitize\@makeother\"}%
\fi
\endgroup
% \end{macrocode}
%
% and can now use the double quotes for fancy effects (I need a
% dieresis for use in a discretionary command and, for efficiency,
% I define a short macro for the most frequent characters used after
% the double quotes).
%
% \begin{macrocode}
{\mdqon
\gdef"{\protect\active@dq}
\gdef\dieresis{\"}
\gdef\active@dq#1{%
\ifx #1s\ifmmode\@SS\else\ss\fi{}%
\else\ifx #1a\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT a\else\@UMLAUT a\fi
\else\ifx #1o\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT o\else\@UMLAUT o\fi
\else\ifx #1u\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT u\else\@UMLAUT u\fi
\else\ifx #1A\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT A\else\@UMLAUT A\fi
\else\ifx #1O\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT O\else\@UMLAUT O\fi
\else\ifx #1U\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT U\else\@UMLAUT U\fi
\else\ifx #1`\leftquotes{}%
\else\ifx #1'\rightquotes{}%
\else\other@active@dq{#1}%
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi }
% now a separate command for the less frequent ones:
\gdef\other@active@dq#1{%
\ifx #1e\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT e\else\highumlaut e\fi
\else\ifx #1i\ifmmode\discretionary{-}{#1}{\@MATHUMLAUT i}
\else\discretionary{-}{#1}{\dieresis\i}\fi
\else\ifx #1j\ifmmode\discretionary{-}{#1}{\@MATHUMLAUT j}
\else\discretionary{-}{#1}{\dieresis\j}\fi
\else\ifx #1E\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT E\else\highumlaut E\fi
\else\ifx #1I\ifmmode\@MATHUMLAUT I\else\highumlaut I\fi
\else\ifx #1SSS%
\else\ifx #1-\allowhyphens\-\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1"\hskip\z@skip\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1|\discretionary{-}{}{\kern.03em}%
\else\ifx #1c\allowhyphens\discretionary{k-}{}{c}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1f\allowhyphens\discretionary{ff-}{}{f}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1k\allowhyphens\discretionary{k-}{}{}\allowhyphens %% Maasai
\else\ifx #1l\allowhyphens\discretionary{ll-}{}{l}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1m\allowhyphens\discretionary{mm-}{}{m}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1n\allowhyphens\discretionary{nn-}{}{n}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1p\allowhyphens\discretionary{pp-}{}{p}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1t\allowhyphens\discretionary{tt-}{}{t}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1C\allowhyphens\discretionary{K-}{}{C}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1F\allowhyphens\discretionary{FF-}{}{F}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1K\allowhyphens\discretionary{K-}{}{}\allowhyphens %% Maasai
\else\ifx #1L\allowhyphens\discretionary{LL-}{}{L}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1M\allowhyphens\discretionary{MM-}{}{M}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1N\allowhyphens\discretionary{NN-}{}{N}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1P\allowhyphens\discretionary{PP-}{}{Pp}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1T\allowhyphens\discretionary{TT-}{}{T}\allowhyphens
\else\ifx #1y\allowhyphens i\kern-0.06\p@ j\allowhyphens%
\else\ifx #1Y\allowhyphens I\kern-0.05\p@ J\allowhyphens%
\else\ifx #1<\flqq{}%
\else\ifx #1>\frqq{}%
\else \dq #1%
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi }
\gdef\at{{\char '100}}
\gdef\boi{{\tt\char '134}}
\gdef\circonflexe{{\char '136}}
\gdef\tild{{\char '176}}
\gdef\degre{{\char '27}}
\gdef\french@circumflex#1{{\accent'136\if#1i\i\else#1\fi}}
\gdef\french@dieresis#1{{\accent'177\if#1i\i\else#1\fi}}
\gdef\up#1{\raise 1ex\hbox{\small#1}}
\gdef\No{\kern-.25em\lower.2ex\hbox{\degre}}
\gdef\ieme{$^{\rm e }$\kern+.17em}
\gdef\FrenchEnumerate#1{$#1^{\rm o}$\kern+.29em}
\gdef\FrenchPopularEnumerate#1{#1\No\kern-.25em)\kern+.3em}
\gdef\primo{\FrenchEnumerate1}
\gdef\secundo{\FrenchEnumerate2}
\gdef\tertio{\FrenchEnumerate3}
\gdef\quatro{\FrenchEnumerate4}
\gdef\fprimo){\FrenchPopularEnumerate1}
\gdef\fsecundo){\FrenchPopularEnumerate2}
\gdef\ftertio){\FrenchPopularEnumerate3}
\gdef\fquatro){\FrenchPopularEnumerate4}
\gdef\flqq{\protect\@flqq}
\gdef\@flqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
\let\@SF\empty \fi
\ifmmode \ll \else \leavevmode
\raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle \ll $}\fi \@SF\relax}
\gdef\frqq{\protect\@frqq}
\gdef\@frqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
\let\@SF\empty \fi
\ifmmode \gg \else \leavevmode
\raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle \gg $}\fi \@SF\relax}
\gdef\flq{\protect\@flq}
\gdef\@flq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
\let\@SF\empty \fi
\ifmmode < \else \leavevmode
\raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle < $}\fi \@SF\relax}
\gdef\frq{\protect\@frq}
\gdef\@frq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
\let\@SF\empty \fi
\ifmmode > \else \leavevmode
\raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle > $}\fi \@SF\relax}
}
\gdef\ouvreguillemet{\leavevmode\hbox{\ly(\kern-0.13em(}\nobreak}
\gdef\fermeguillemet{\nobreak\leavevmode\hbox{\ly)\kern-0.13em)}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% This is where I end having made quotes active (mdqon). Now
% I would like to add some more useful definitions to make the
% input of my files a little bit more convenient.
%
% To avoid having to make lots of italic corrections:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\bold#1{{\bf#1\/}}
\gdef\emph#1{{\em#1\/}}
\gdef\ital#1{{\it#1\/}}
\gdef\slant#1{{\sl#1\/}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% To prevent overfull hboxes with words containing ():
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\let\stopmath\)
\gdef\specialhyphen{%
\ifmmode\stopmath\else\allowhyphens\discretionary{-)}{}{-)}\allowhyphens\fi}
\def\){\protect\specialhyphen}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% For an underline in italic:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\B#1{\kern-.0667em\b{\kern.1788em#1}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Some of the definitions I collected:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\rref#1{\ref{#1}\begingroup
\def\x{#1}\edef\x{\expandafter\GetMeaning\meaning\x\MeaningEnd}%
\ref{\x}\marginpar{\verb^ \x ^}\endgroup}
\gdef\llabel#1{\label{#1}\begingroup
\def\x{#1}\edef\x{\expandafter\GetMeaning\meaning\x\MeaningEnd}%
\ref{\x}\marginpar{\verb^ \x ^}\endgroup}
\gdef\trademark{\raise 1ex\hbox{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{\sevenrm
R}\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% For chemical formulas:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\ch#1{$\textfont1=\the\font#1$}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Finally there are some macros which I would like to incorporate but
% witch I leave out for the moment since they are not quite worked out yet.
%
% So I have been thinking of a definition for big initials or photos:
%
% \begin{verbatim}
% \def\photo#1#2{\hangindent#1\noindent\hangafter-#2}
% \def\initial#1#2#3
% {\hangindent#1\noindent\hangafter-#2\smash{\lower#2\baselineskip\hbox
% to0pt{#3\hfill}}}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% Eventually I want to have something for generating grammar paradigms:
%
% \begin{verbatim}
% {\def\adjpar#1#2#3{ \begin{tabular}{rllll}
% & & Masc. & Fem. & Neut. \\
% Sg. & Nom. & #1 & #2 & #3 \\
% \adjpari }
% \def\adjpari#1#2#3{ & Gen. & #1 & #2 & #3 \\ \adjparii}
% \def\adjparii#1#2#3{ & Dat. & #1 & #2 & #3 \\ \adjpariii}
% \def\adjpariii#1#2#3{ & Acc. & #1 & #2 & #3 \\ \adjpariv}
% \def\adjpariv#1#2#3{ Pl. & Nom. & #1 & #2 & #3 \\ \adjparv}
% \def\adjparv#1#2#3{ & Gen. & #1 & #2 & #3 \\ \adjparvi}
% \def\adjparvi#1#2#3{ & Dat. & #1 & #2 & #3 \\ \adjparvii}
% \def\adjparvii#1#2#3{ & Acc. & #1 & #2 & #3 \end{tabular}}}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%\section{The actual ml style code}
%
% \subsection{My extra multilingual macros}
%
% Maybe David van Leeuwen's (DAVID@HLERUL59) `getallen' are useful:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\ii\newcount\jj\newif\ifhyphen
\gdef\numb{\hyphenfalse\afterassignment\nul\ii=}
\gdef\num#1 #2 {\divide\jj by #1 \ifnum\jj>1 {\ii=\jj\getall}\fi
#2\multiply\jj by #1 \advance\ii by -\jj\getall}
\gdef\qm{\ifhyphen\-\else\global\hyphentrue\fi}
\gdef\s#1 {\showhyphens{\numb#1}}
\newcount\n\newcount\m
\n=0
\m=1
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Some (school) books have exercises\ldots
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\def\lesson{\def\chaptername{\lessonname}\chapter}
\def\exercise{\section*{\centering{\exercisename{}\thesection}}}
\def\singleexercise{\section*{\centering{\exercisename{}\thechapter}}}
\gdef\beginexercise{\@ifnextchar[\beginsingleexercise\begin@xercise}
\gdef\begin@xercise{
\refstepcounter{section}\exercise{}
\begin{itemize}\begin{enumerate}}
\gdef\beginsingleexercise[]{
\refstepcounter{section}\singleexercise{}
\begin{itemize}\begin{enumerate}}
\gdef\endexercise{\end{enumerate}\end{itemize}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% And some books happen to have been published in different editions:
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\higherthenthird#1{\bgroup%
\def\arabicedition{\arabicedname}%
\def\croatianedition{\croatianedname}%
\def\czechedition{\czechedname}%
\def\danishedition{\danishedname}%
\def\dutchedition{\dutchedname}%
\def\englishedition{\englishedname}%
\def\esperantoedition{\esperantoedname}%
\def\finnishedition{\finnishedname}%
\def\frenchedition{\frenchedname}%
\def\germanedition{\germanedname}%
\def\greekedition{\greekedname}%
\def\hebrewedition{\hebrewedname}%
\def\hindiedition{\hindiedname}%
\def\italianedition{\italianedname}%
\def\maasaiedition{\maasaiedname}%
\def\magyaredition{\magyaredname}%
\def\norskedition{\norskedname}%
\def\polishedition{\polishedname}%
\def\portugesedition{\portugesedname}%
\def\romanianedition{\romanianedname}%
\def\russianedition{\russianedname}%
\def\sloveneedition{\sloveneedname}%
\def\spanishedition{\spanishedname}%
\def\swahiliedition{\swahiliedname}%
\def\swedishedition{\swedishedname}%
\def\tamiledition{\tamiledname}%
\def\turkishedition{\turkishedname}\if#12%
{2\higher}\else\if#13%
{3\higher}\else\if#14%
{4\higher}\else\if#15%
{5\higher}\else\if#16%
{6\higher}\else\if#17%
{7\higher}\else\if#18%
{8\higher}\else\if#19%
{9\higher}\else#1\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\egroup}
\gdef\edition#1{\@bsphack\@ifundefined{l@#1}{\@nolanerr{#1}}%
{\language\csname l@#1\endcsname\@esphack}}%
\gdef\arabicedition{\edition{arabic}}
\gdef\croatianedition{\edition{croatian}}
\gdef\czechedition{\edition{czech}}
\gdef\danishedition{\edition{danish}}
\gdef\dutchedition{\edition{dutch}}
\gdef\englishedition{\edition{english}}
\gdef\esperantoedition{\edition{esperanto}}
\gdef\finnishedition{\edition{finnish}}
\gdef\frenchedition{\edition{french}}
\gdef\germanedition{\edition{german}}
\gdef\greekedition{\edition{greek}}
\gdef\hebrewedition{\edition{hebrew}}
\gdef\hindiedition{\edition{hindi}}
\gdef\italianedition{\edition{italian}}
\gdef\maasaiedition{\edition{maasai}}
\gdef\magyaredition{\edition{magyar}}
\gdef\norskedition{\edition{norsk}}
\gdef\polishedition{\edition{polish}}
\gdef\portugesedition{\edition{portuges}}
\gdef\romanianedition{\edition{romanian}}
\gdef\russianedition{\edition{russian}}
\gdef\sloveneedition{\edition{slovene}}
\gdef\spanishedition{\edition{spanish}}
\gdef\swahiliedition{\edition{swahili}}
\gdef\swedishedition{\edition{swedish}}
\gdef\tamiledition{\edition{tamil}}
\gdef\turkishedition{\edition{turkish}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Then a book is supposed to begin with a preamble and to end with
% a postamble.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\subtitle#1{\def\@subtitle{#1}}
\gdef\soustitre#1{\begin{flushright}{\it#1}\end{flushright}}
\gdef\see#1#2{{\em\seename\ #1,} #2}
\newif\ifpagenumbering\pagenumberingtrue
\gdef\sschapter#1{\ifpagenumbering
\bgroup\@schapter{#1}\pagenumbering{arabic}\egroup\pagenumberingfalse
\else\@schapter{#1}\fi}
\gdef\cchapter[#1]#2{\ifpagenumbering\bgroup\@chapter[#1]{#2}
\pagenumbering{arabic}\egroup\pagenumberingfalse
\else\@chapter[#1]{#2}\fi}
\gdef\ch@pter{\clearpage\relax\if@twoside \ifodd\c@page\else
\hbox{}\relax\newpage\thispagestyle{empty}
\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi
\thispagestyle{plain}\global\@topnum\z@\@afterindentfalse
\secdef\cchapter\sschapter}
\gdef\maketitlepages{\def\chapter{\thispagestyle{empty}\ch@pter}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\begin{titlepage}\setcounter{page}{-3}
\null
\vfil
\vskip2\baselineskip \begin{center}
{\Huge\sc \@title \par}\end{center}
\end{titlepage}\begin{titlepage}\setcounter{page}{-2}\null\vfil
\end{titlepage}\begin{titlepage}
\let\footnotesize\small \let\footnoterule\relax\setcounter{page}{-1}
\null
\vfil
\vskip 60pt \begin{center}
{\LARGE\sc \@title \par} \ifx\@subtitle\undefined\relax\else
{\large \@subtitle \par}\fi \vskip 3em {\large
\lineskip .75em
\begin{tabular}[t]{c}\@author
\end{tabular}\par}
\vfil {\large \@date \par} \end{center}
\end{titlepage}\begin{titlepage}\null\vfil\end{titlepage}
\setcounter{footnote}{0} \let\thanks\relax
\gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\let\maketitle\relax}
\gdef\tableofcontents{\bgroup\@restonecolfalse
\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\fi\pagenumberingfalse\chapter*{\contentsname
\@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}
\@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi\egroup}
\gdef\listoffigures{\bgroup\@restonecolfalse
\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\fi\pagenumberingfalse\chapter*{\listfigurename\@mkboth
{\uppercase{\listfigurename}}{\uppercase{\listfigurename}}}\@starttoc
{lof}\if@restonecol
\twocolumn\fi\egroup}
\gdef\listoftables{\bgroup\@restonecolfalse
\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\fi\pagenumberingfalse\chapter*{\listtablename\@mkboth
{\uppercase{\listtablename}}{\uppercase{\listtablename}}}\@starttoc
{lot}\if@restonecol
\twocolumn\fi\egroup}
\def\preface{\bgroup\pagenumberingfalse\chapter*{\prefname}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\prefname}\egroup}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% I want to make \verb=\footnote= also function in section headings---but
% I do not want footnotemarks to appear in the table of contents---and
% let it report indexentries in it.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\long\gdef\@footnotetext#1{\insert\footins{\footnotesize
\interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
\splittopskip\footnotesep
\splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
\hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore
\edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}\@makefntext
\def\@wrindex{\wrindex}{\rule{\z@}{\footnotesep}\ignorespaces
#1\strut}}}
\global\let\f@@tnote\footnote%
\global\let\c@ntentsline\contentsline%
\gdef\footnote{\rm\kern.05em\protect\f@@tnote}
\gdef\nofootnote#1{\relax}
\gdef\contentsline{%
\def\f@@tnote{\nofootnote}\let\footnotemark\relax\c@ntentsline}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Finally I want the bibliography and the index to appear in the toc.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\mlbibfilename#1{\def\bibfn{#1}}
\gdef\bibliography#1{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibdata{\bibfn,#1}}\fi
\@input{\jobname.bbl}}
\gdef~{\penalty1000\ }
\gdef\notename#1{#1\,n.}
\gdef\index#1{\ifx\ind@x\undefined\relax\else\protect\ind@x{#1}\fi}
\global\let\enddoc\enddocument
\gdef\wrindex#1{\let\thepage\relax\xdef\@gtempa{%
\write\@indexfile{\string\indexentry{#1|notename}{\thepage}}}
\endgroup\@gtempa\if@nobreak \ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi\@esphack}
\gdef\makeindex{\if@filesw \newwrite\@indexfile
\immediate\openout\@indexfile=\jobname.idx
\def\ind@x{\@bsphack\begingroup\ifx\no@french@active@punct\undefined\relax
\else\no@french@active@punct\def\'{\accent 19}\fi
\def\protect####1{\string####1\space}\@sanitize\@wrindex}
\typeout{Writing index file \jobname.idx}\fi
\def\theidx{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi
\columnseprule.4pt\small\columnsep 35pt
\twocolumn[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]
\@mkboth{\uppercase{\indexname}}{\uppercase{\indexname}}
\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@\parskip\z@ plus .3pt\relax%
\let\item\@idxitem\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}}
\def\theindex{\ifx\multicols\undefined
\makeatletter\inputstyle{multicol}\makeatother
\ifx\multicols\undefined\theidx\else
\columnseprule=.4pt\small\chapter*{\indexname}
\parindent\z@\parskip\z@ plus.3pt\relax\let\item\@idxitem
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}
\begin{multicols}{2}\fi\fi}
\def\endtheindex{\ifx\multicols\undefined\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else
\clearpage\fi\else\end{multicols}\fi}
\def\enddocument{\@input{\jobname.ind}\enddoc}}
\gdef\cover{\@input{\jobname.ind}\def\enddocument{\enddoc}\pagestyle{empty}}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{Parallel Columns}
%
% I think a feature generating parallel columns, viz. one column of text
% to the left and one column of (translated) text to the right, is essential
% to a multilingual system. I have been working on this for a long time and
% up till now I am not quite content with the result. The following code I
% took basically from some macro I found in my reader list. I adapted it
% somewhat and the result is not bad. However, a big problem is generating
% footnotes. The numbers of the footnotes do not correspond with the
% footnotes on the same page. Actually it seems footnotes appear on the
% page {\em before\/} they appear in the text. Anyway, for the time being
% I shall have to do with this code. For the future, however, I am thinking
% of a more complex mechanism. Maybe I shall have to make two runs: First
% to collect the text of one column, in order to know where exactly it skips
% to the next page and then with this knowledge inserting the next column.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\newinsert\mcpfootins
\long\def\mcpfootnote#1{\footnotemark\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}
\global\setbox\mcpfootins \vbox{\unvcopy\mcpfootins\footnotesize%
\interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty\floatingpenalty=20000
\splittopskip\footnotesep%\splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox%
\hsize\columnwidth\pagebreak[3]
\parindent 1em\noindent\hbox to 1.8em{\hss\footnotemark}
{\rule{0pt}{\footnotesep}\ignorespaces #1\strut}}}
\gdef\multicolpar#1{\def\f@@tnote{\mcpfootnote}\let\footins\mcpfootins
\addvspace\topsep\pretolerance1001\tolerance9999
\finalhyphendemerits3000000\hbadness5000\vbadness10001
\advance\baselineskip0pt\multicolumnparallelparagraphs{#1}{2em}}
\gdef\endmulticolpar{\xpar\egroup\egroup\leavevmode}
\newcount\columnsleft \newcount\totalcolumns \newdimen\separation
\gdef\multicolumnparallelparagraphs#1#2{\totalcolumns#1\separation#2
\let\xpar\par\vskip\parskip\columnsleft\totalcolumns\relax
\hbox to\hsize\bgroup\let\par\nextmulticolumnparallelparagraph
% Set hsize = (old hsize - (#1 - 1)*#2 ) / #1
\dimen0\separation\advance\hsize-\columnsleft\dimen0
\advance\hsize\dimen0\divide\hsize\columnsleft\relax
\leavevmode\vtop\bgroup\parindent0pt}
\gdef\nextmulticolumnparallelparagraph{\strut\egroup\advance\columnsleft-1
\ifnum\columnsleft>0\hfil\leavevmode\vtop\bgroup\parindent0pt
\else\strut\egroup\xpar\vskip\parskip\xpar
\multicolumnparallelparagraphs\totalcolumns\separation
\fi}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Now we get the language selecting mechanism. I define a newcount
% \verb=\l@nguage= in order to avoid conflicts with several dialects
% using the same language count. Consequently I redefine
% \verb=\p@selectlanguage= so that it contains also this newcount, and
% \verb=\iflanguage= so that it also knows about different dialects.
%
% But first I have to take into account special languages, those that
% use different alphabets.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\l@nguage
\newif\ifgreek
\newif\ifrussian
\begingroup
\catcode`\;=\active \catcode`\:=\active
\catcode`\!=\active \catcode`\?=\active
\gdef\french@active@punct{%
\catcode`\;=\active\catcode`\:=\active%
\catcode`\!=\active\catcode`\?=\active\relax}
\gdef\no@french@active@punct{%
\catcode`\;=12\catcode`\:=12%
\catcode`\!=12\catcode`\?=12\relax}
\endgroup
\begingroup
\catcode`\;=\active \catcode`\:=\active
\catcode`\!=\active \catcode`\?=\active
\gdef\extrasfrench{%
\let\original@dospecials\dospecials%
\let\original@sanitize\@sanitize%
\let\original@ref\ref%
\let\original@pageref\pageref%
\let\original@cite\cite%
\let\original@label\label%
\let\original@newlabel\newlabel%
\let\original@bibcite\bibcite%
\let\original@@bibitem\@bibitem%
\let\original@@lbitem\@lbitem%
\let\original@@testdef\@testdef%
\let\original@sc=;\let\original@co=:%
\let\original@em=!\let\original@qm=?%
\let\original@dieresis\"%
\let\original@circumflex\^%
\let\original@active@sc\active@sc%
\let\original@active@co\active@co%
\let\original@active@em\active@em%
\let\original@active@qm\active@qm%
\edef\original@xcode{%
\catcode`\noexpand\:=\the\catcode`\:\relax%
\catcode`\noexpand\;=\the\catcode`\;\relax%
\catcode`\noexpand\!=\the\catcode`\!\relax%
\catcode`\noexpand\?=\the\catcode`\?\relax}%
\let\dospecials\french@dospecials%
\let\@sanitize\french@sanitize%
\def\"{\protect\french@dieresis}%
\def\^{\protect\french@circumflex}%
\french@active@punct%
\def;{\protect\active@sc}%
\def:{\protect\active@co}%
\def!{\protect\active@em}%
\def?{\protect\active@qm}%
\let\active@sc\french@active@sc%
\let\active@co\french@active@co%
\let\active@em\french@active@em%
\let\active@qm\french@active@qm%
\let\ref\french@ref%
\let\pageref\french@pageref%
\let\cite\french@cite%
\let\label\french@label%
\let\newlabel\french@newlabel%
\let\@testdef\french@@testdef%
\let\@bibitem\french@@bibitem%
\let\@lbitem\french@lbitem%
\let\bibcite\french@bibcite%
\frenchspacing\let\resetspacing\nonfrenchspacing%
}\endgroup
\begingroup\french@active@punct
\def\noextrasfrench{%
\no@french@active@punct%
\original@xcode;
\let;\original@sc%
\let:\original@co%
\let!\original@em%
\let?\original@qm%
\let\active@sc\original@active@sc%
\let\active@co\original@active@co%
\let\active@em\original@active@em%
\let\active@qm\original@active@qm%
\let\"\original@dieresis%
\let\^\original@circumflex%
\let\dospecials\original@dospecials%
\let\@sanitize\original@sanitize%
\let\ref\original@ref%
\let\pageref\original@pageref%
\let\cite\original@cite%
\let\label\original@label%
\let\newlabel\original@newlabel%
\let\@testdef\original@@testdef%
\let\@bibitem\original@@bibitem%
\let\@lbitem\original@lbitem%
\let\bibcite\original@bibcite%
\resetspacing%
}\endgroup
\def\french@active@sc{%
\ifmmode%
\string;%
\else\relax%
\ifhmode%
% \ifdim\lastskip>\z@%
\unskip\penalty\@M\,%
% \fi%
\fi%
\string;%
\fi}%
\def\french@active@co{\ifmmode\string:\else\relax%
\ifhmode%\ifdim\lastskip>\z@%
\unskip\penalty\@M\,%\fi
\fi\string:\fi}
\def\french@active@em{\ifmmode\string!\else\relax%
\ifhmode%\ifdim\lastskip>\z@%
\unskip\penalty\@M\,%\fi
\fi\string!\fi}
\def\french@active@qm{%
\ifmmode\string?%
\else\relax%
\ifhmode%\ifdim\lastskip>\z@%
\unskip\kern\fontdimen2\font%
\kern-1.4\fontdimen3\font%
\fi%\fi%
\string?\fi}
\def\french@ref{\no@french@active@punct\@french@ref}
\def\@french@ref#1{\original@ref{#1}\french@active@punct}
\def\french@pageref{\no@french@active@punct\@french@pageref}
\def\@french@pageref#1{\original@pageref{#1}\french@active@punct}
\def\french@cite{\no@french@active@punct\@french@cite}
\def\@french@cite#1{\original@cite{#1}\french@active@punct}
\def\french@label{\no@french@active@punct\@french@label}
\def\@french@label#1{\original@label{#1}\french@active@punct}
\def\french@newlabel{\no@french@active@punct\@french@newlabel}
\def\@french@newlabel#1#2{\original@newlabel{#1}{#2}%
\french@active@punct}
\def\french@bibcite{\no@french@active@punct\@french@bibcite}
\def\@french@bibcite#1#2{\original@bibcite{#1}{#2}\french@active@punct}
\def\french@@bibitem{\no@french@active@punct\@french@@bibitem}
\def\@french@@bibitem#1{\original@@bibitem{#1}\french@active@punct}
\def\french@@lbitem{\no@french@active@punct\@french@@lbitem}
\def\@french@@lbitem#1{\original@@lbitem{#1}\french@active@punct}
\def\french@@testdef{\no@french@active@punct\@french@@testdef}
\def\@french@@testdef #1#2#3{\original@@testdef{#1}{#2}{#3}%
\french@active@punct}
\gdef\p@selectlanguage#1{\ifgreek\endgreek\fi\russianfalse
\no@french@active@punct
\@bsphack\input#1
\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
\@nolanerr{#1}
\else
\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
\l@nguage=\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
\originalTeX\mdqon
\edef\languagename{#1}
\expandafter\def\expandafter\originalTeX
\expandafter{\csname noextras#1\endcsname
\let\originalTeX\empty}
\babel@beginsave
\csname captions#1\endcsname
\csname date#1\endcsname
\csname extras#1\endcsname\relax
\fi}
\gdef\iflanguage#1#2#3{\@bsphack\@ifundefined{l@#1}{#3}
{\ifnum\l@nguage=\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax#2\else#3\fi\@esphack}}
% \end{macrocode}
% Because of their non roman alphabets I shall have to put in Greek
% and Russian here. For the convenience of editing I also defined a
% special ibmkbd.sty that could be input separately and since we are
% inputting now anyway I could as well add some other useful styles.
% However, if you do not have or want to use these styles, you can
% skip them.
% For that reason I define the command \verb=\inputstyle= which loads a
% style file only if it exists.
% \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\inputstyle#1{\openin1 #1.sty \ifeof1
\typeout{! I can't find file `#1.sty'.}
\else\closein1 \relax\input{#1.sty}\fi}
\inputstyle{ibmkbd} % for an extended keyboard
\inputstyle{picins} % to insert pictures (in columns)
\inputstyle{setspace} % to manipulate interline spacing
\inputstyle{logos} % some frequently used logos
\inputstyle{rgreek}
\inputstyle{cmcyr}
\gdef\dutchTeX{\selectlanguage{dutch}}
\gdef\frenchTeX{\selectlanguage{french}}
\gdef\germanTeX{\selectlanguage{german}}
\gdef\greekTeX{\selectlanguage{greek}}
\gdef\cyrTeX{\selectlanguage{russian}}
\gdef\english{\selectlanguage{english}}
\gdef\English{\selectlanguage{english}}
\global\let\dutch\dutchTeX
\global\let\french\frenchTeX
\global\let\german\germanTeX
\global\let\greek\greekTeX
\global\let\russian\cyrTeX
\global\let\Dutch\dutchTeX
\global\let\French\frenchTeX
\global\let\German\germanTeX
\global\let\Greek\greekTeX
\global\let\Russian\cyrTeX
%
% \end{macrocode}
%
% Some people call French Francais [sic]. Now, if language French
% is not defined, neither is Francais, we can just relax. But if
% French is not defined, but Francais is I would French like to be
% Francais so I can use its hyphenation patterns. Otherwise, if
% Francais is not defined, but French is I would Francais like to be
% French.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\undefined\l@french
\ifx\undefined\l@francais
\else
\global\let\l@french\l@francais
\fi
\fi
\ifx\undefined\l@francais
\ifx\undefined\l@french
\else
\global\let\l@francais\l@french
\fi
\fi
\mlbibfilename{ml}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{Some corrections on the NFSS}
%
% Since I am using the NFSS as my default and since I think the
% capability to use different fonts should be part of a multilingual
% system I include some corrections on the NFSS I found while using it.
%
% \begin{macrocode}
\global\let\mathit\mit
\expandafter\ifx\csname selectfont\endcsname\relax\else
\gdef\ly{\family{lasy}\selectfont}
\gdef\tensf{\family{cmss}\series{m}\shape{n}\size{10}{13pt}\selectfont}
\gdef\tensl{\family{cmsl}\series{m}\shape{n}\size{10}{12pt}\selectfont}
\fi
\selectlanguage{english}
% \end{macrocode}
%
% \Finale
\endinput
