%%
%% This is file `try2.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `,seq-no,nm-revf,dt-end,yr-com,tit-qq,atit-u,jxper,vnum-nr,volp-com,jwdpg,pp-last,jwdvol,pre-edn,isbn,issn,edby,blk-com,in-x,fin-bare,pp,xedn,etal-it,nfss')
%% ----------------------------------------
%% *** Style File for Penn State Theses by Matt Floros ***
%%
%% Copyright 1994-1999 Patrick W Daly
% ===============================================================
% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
% This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
% more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
%
% This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
% ===============================================================
% Name and version information of the main mbs file:
% \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[1999/05/28 3.89 (PWD)]
%   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
%-------------------------------------------------------------------
% This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
% This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
% It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
% The form of the \bibitem entries is
%   \bibitem{key}...
% Usage of \cite is as follows:
%   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
%   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
% where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
% The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally
%   cited in the text, or that in the database.
%---------------------------------------------------------------------

ENTRY
 { address
   author
   booktitle
   chapter
   edition
   editor
   howpublished
   institution
   isbn
   issn
   journal
   key
   month
   note
   number
   organization
   pages
   publisher
   school
   series
   title
   type
   volume
   year
 }
 {}
 { label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
 #1 'mid.sentence :=
 #2 'after.sentence :=
 #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
 output.state mid.sentence =
   { ", " * write$ }
   { output.state after.block =
       { add.period$ write$
         newline$
         "\newblock " write$
       }
       { output.state before.all =
           'write$
           { add.period$ " " * write$ }
         if$
       }
     if$
     mid.sentence 'output.state :=
   }
 if$
 s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   'pop$
   'output.nonnull
 if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
 duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
   'output.nonnull
 if$
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   'pop$
   'write$
 if$
 newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
   'skip$
   { after.block 'output.state := }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
   'skip$
   { output.state before.all =
       'skip$
       { after.sentence 'output.state := }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {add.blank}
{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {date.block}
{
 skip$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
   { #1 }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
   { pop$ #0 }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
   'skip$
 if$
}

FUNCTION {non.stop}
{ duplicate$
  "}" * add.period$
  #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
   'skip$
   'new.block
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
 swap$ empty$
 and
   'skip$
   'new.block
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
   'skip$
   'new.sentence
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
 swap$ empty$
 and
   'skip$
   'new.sentence
 if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "" }
   'skip$
 if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "" }
   { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
 if$
}


FUNCTION {capitalize}
{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }

FUNCTION {space.word}
{ " " swap$ * " " * }

% Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
% Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
% The language selected here is ENGLISH
FUNCTION {bbl.and}
{ "and"}

FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
{ "et~al." }

FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
{ "editors" }

FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
{ "editor" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
{ "edited by" }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "edition" }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "volume" }

FUNCTION {bbl.of}
{ "of" }

FUNCTION {bbl.number}
{ "number" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
{ "no." }

FUNCTION {bbl.in}
{ "in" }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "pp." }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "p." }

FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "chapter" }

FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
{ "Technical Report" }

FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
{ "Master's thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
{"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}


INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
 "" 't :=
 #1 'nameptr :=
 s num.names$ 'numnames :=
 numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
   { s nameptr
     "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, ff}" format.name$
   't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       {
         namesleft #1 >
           { ", " * t * }
           {
             numnames #2 >
               { "," * }
               'skip$
             if$
             s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
               { 't := }
               { pop$ }
             if$
             t "others" =
               {
                 " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
               }
               { bbl.and
                 space.word * t *
               }
             if$
           }
         if$
       }
       't
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
   }
 while$
}

FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{ 's :=
 "" 't :=
 #1 'nameptr :=
 s num.names$ 'numnames :=
 numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
   { s nameptr
     "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
     format.name$
     't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       {
         namesleft #1 >
           { ", " * t * }
           {
             numnames #2 >
               { "," * }
               'skip$
             if$
             s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
               { 't := }
               { pop$ }
             if$
             t "others" =
               {

                 " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
               }
               { bbl.and
                 space.word * t *
               }
             if$
           }
         if$
       }
       't
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
   }
 while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
   { "" }
   { author format.names }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
   { "" }
   { editor format.names
     ", " *
     editor num.names$ #1 >
       'bbl.editors
       'bbl.editor
     if$
     *
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
{ editor empty$
   { "" }
   { editor format.names.ed
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.isbn}
{ isbn empty$
   { "" }
   {
     "ISBN " isbn * }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.issn}
{ issn empty$
   { "" }
   {
     "ISSN " issn * }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.note}
{
note empty$
   { "" }
   { note #1 #1 substring$
     duplicate$ "{" =
       'skip$
       { output.state mid.sentence =
         { "l" }
         { "u" }
       if$
       change.case$
       }
     if$
     note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
   { "" }
   { title
     "\enquote{" swap$ *
     non.stop
       { ",} " * }
       { "} " * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {end.quote.title}
{ title empty$
   'skip$
   { before.all 'output.state := }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
 "\bibitem{" write$
 cite$ write$
 "}" write$
 newline$
 ""
 before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{
 't :=
 ""
   { t empty$ not }
   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
       { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
           { "--" *
             t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
           }
           {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
               { "-" *
                 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
               }
             while$
           }
         if$
       }
       { t #1 #1 substring$ *
         t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
       }
     if$
   }
 while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
{ "" }

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
   { month empty$
       { "" }
       { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
         month
       }
     if$
   }
   { month empty$
       'year
       { month " " * year * }
     if$
   }
 if$
 duplicate$ empty$
   'skip$
   {
     before.all 'output.state :=
   ", " swap$ *
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
   { "~" }
   { " " }
 if$
 swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
   'pop$
   { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
   { "" }
   { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
     series empty$
       'skip$
       { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
     if$
     "volume and number" number either.or.check
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
   { number empty$
       { series field.or.null }
       { output.state mid.sentence =
           { bbl.number }
           { bbl.number capitalize }
         if$
         number tie.or.space.connect
         series empty$
           { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
           { bbl.in space.word * series * }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
   { "" }
 if$
}


FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
   { "" }
   { output.state mid.sentence =
       { edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
       { edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
 #0 'multiresult :=
   { multiresult not
     t empty$ not
     and
   }
   { t #1 #1 substring$
     duplicate$ "-" =
     swap$ duplicate$ "," =
     swap$ "+" =
     or or
       { #1 'multiresult := }
       { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
     if$
   }
 while$
 multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
   { "" }
   { pages multi.page.check
       { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
       { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
{ pages empty$
   'skip$
   { duplicate$ empty$
       { pop$ format.pages }
       {
         ", " *
         pages multi.page.check
          { bbl.pages }
          { bbl.page }
         if$
         "~" * *
         pages n.dashify *
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
 volume empty$
   'skip$
   { bbl.volume "~" * swap$ * }
 if$
 number empty$
   'skip$
   {
     ", " bbl.nr * number tie.or.space.connect *
     volume empty$
       { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
   { "" }
   { type empty$
       { bbl.chapter }
       { type "l" change.case$ }
     if$
     chapter tie.or.space.connect
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
   { "" }
   { editor empty$
       { word.in booktitle emphasize * }
       { word.in booktitle emphasize *
         ", " *
         bbl.edby
         * " " *
         format.in.editors *
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
 month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
 and and and and and
   { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
   'skip$
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
   'skip$
   { pop$
     type "t" change.case$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
   { bbl.techrep }
   'type
 if$
 number empty$
   { "t" change.case$ }
   { number tie.or.space.connect }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{
 key empty$
   { journal empty$
       { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
         warning$
         ""
       }
       { word.in journal emphasize * }
     if$
   }
   { word.in key * " " *}
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
 editor num.names$ duplicate$
 #2 >
   { pop$
     " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
   }
   { #2 <
       'skip$
       { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
           {
             " " * bbl.etal emphasize *
           }
           { bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
             * }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
   { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
     word.in
   }
   { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
     bbl.of space.word *
   }
 if$
 editor empty$
 editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
 or
   { key empty$
       { series empty$
           { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
             crossref * warning$
             "" *
           }
           { series emphasize * }
         if$
       }
       { key * }
     if$
   }
   { format.crossref.editor * }
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{
 editor empty$
 editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
 or
   { key empty$
       { booktitle empty$
           { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
             crossref * warning$
             ""
           }
           { word.in booktitle emphasize * }
         if$
       }
       { word.in key * " " *}
     if$
   }
   { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
{ 't :=
 ""
 address empty$ t empty$ and
   'skip$
   {
     t empty$
       { address empty$
         'skip$
         { address * }
         if$
       }
       { t *
         address empty$
           'skip$
           { ", " * address * }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
{ publisher empty$
   { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
     ""
   }
   { publisher }
 if$
 format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
{ organization empty$
   { "" }
   { organization }
 if$
 format.org.or.pub
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 format.title "title" output.check
 end.quote.title
 crossref missing$
   { journal
     purify$
     emphasize
     "journal" output.check
     format.vol.num.pages output
   }
   { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
     format.pages output
   }
 if$
 format.journal.pages
 format.issn output
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
   }
   { format.authors output.nonnull
     crossref missing$
       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
 if$
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 crossref missing$
   { format.bvolume output
     format.number.series output
     format.edition output
     format.publisher.address output
   }
   {
     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
   }
 if$
 format.isbn output
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors output
 format.title "title" output.check
 end.quote.title
 howpublished output
 address output
 format.isbn output
 format.note output
 format.date output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
   }
   { format.authors output.nonnull
     crossref missing$
       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
 if$
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 crossref missing$
   {
     format.bvolume output
     format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
     format.number.series output
     format.edition output
     format.publisher.address output
   }
   {
     format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
   }
 if$
 crossref missing$
   { format.isbn output }
   'skip$
 if$
 format.pages "pages" output.check
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 format.title "title" output.check
 end.quote.title
 crossref missing$
   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
     format.bvolume output
     format.number.series output
     format.edition output
     format.chapter.pages output
     format.publisher.address output
 format.isbn output
   }
   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
     format.chapter.pages output
   }
 if$
 format.pages "pages" output.check
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 format.title "title" output.check
 end.quote.title
 crossref missing$
   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
     format.bvolume output
     format.number.series output
     publisher empty$
       { format.organization.address output }
       { organization output
         format.publisher.address output
       }
     if$
 format.isbn output
 format.issn output
   }
   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
     format.pages output
   }
 if$
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { organization empty$
       'skip$
       { organization output.nonnull
         address output
       }
     if$
   }
   { format.authors output.nonnull }
 if$
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 author empty$
   { organization empty$
   {
         address output
       }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
   {
     organization output
     address output
   }
 if$
 format.edition output
 format.note output
 format.date output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
 school "school" output.check
 address output
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors output
 format.title output
 end.quote.title
 howpublished output
 format.note output
 format.date output
 fin.entry
 empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
 school "school" output.check
 address output
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
 editor empty$
   { organization output }
   { format.editors output.nonnull }
 if$
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 format.bvolume output
 format.number.series output
 editor empty$
   { publisher empty$
       'skip$
       {
         format.publisher.address output
       }
     if$
   }
   { publisher empty$
       {
         format.organization.address output }
       {
         organization output
         format.publisher.address output
       }
     if$
    }
 if$
 format.isbn output
 format.issn output
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 format.title "title" output.check
 end.quote.title
 format.tr.number output.nonnull
 institution "institution" output.check
 address output
 format.note output
 format.date "year" output.check
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 format.title "title" output.check
 end.quote.title
 format.note "note" output.check
 format.date output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

READ

STRINGS { longest.label }

INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
 #1 'number.label :=
 #0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
 number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
 label width$ longest.label.width >
   { label 'longest.label :=
     label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
   }
   'skip$
 if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {longest.label.pass}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
   'skip$
   { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
 if$
 "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
 write$ newline$
 "\newcommand{\enquote}[1]{``#1''}"
 write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
 "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}
%% End of customized bst file
%%
%% End of file `try2.bst'.

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