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\newcommand{\moddate}{03 March 1999}
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\begin{document}
\title{{\LARGE \bfseries Gurmukh{\=\i} for \TeX{}} \\
Version \version{}}
\author{\Large Anshuman Pandey}
\date{\large \moddate{}}
\maketitle
\vfill
\newpage
\section{Introduction}
This document explains the \emph{Gurmukh{\=\i} for \TeX{}}
{\sf gurmukhi} package for typesetting Panjabi language documents
in \TeX{} and \LaTeX{}.
The `Punjabi' ({\tt pun}) font used by the package was designed by,
and is copyright \textcopyright{} Hardip Singh Pannu. I received
permission from Mr. Pannu to use the `Punjabi' font with this
package. The \MF{} source was derived from Mr. Pannu's TrueType
version of `Punjabi' with the {\sf ttf2mf} package. Please respect
his generosity by not modifying the font or making derivatives of
it, and by not unbundling it from the package. I hope to
eventually create a `true' \MF{} for the Gurmukh{\=\i} script.
\section{Implementation}
The delimiter \verb+{\+\verb+gm+ \ldots \verb+}+ are to be used to
encode Gurmukh{\=\i} text. In the preamble of the document, the
{\sf grmk} style file must be declared: \verb+\usepackage{grmk}+.
The transliterated Panjabi text is to then be placed within the
delimiters. The file is then to be run through the preprocessor:
\section{Transliterated Input}
The transliteration scheme for the {\sf gurmukhi} package follows
the scheme developed by Frans Velthuis for his \emph{Devan\=agar{\=\i}
for \TeX{}} package. Many Gurmukh{\=\i} nuances are handled implicitly
by the preprocessor. These are illustrated below:
\subsection{Use of \emph{addak}}
In Gurmukh{\=\i} geminate consonants are not written twice or with
consonant conjuncts. Rather, the first letter is dropped and only the
second letter is written, and a diacritic mark called \emph{addak}
is placed above the preceding letter, ie {\gm hattha} {\tt hattha}.
This is handled by the preprocessor. It is unnecessary for
hard-code for \emph{addak}.
When the geminate consonants are \emph{nn} or \emph{mm}, a sign called
\emph{\d{t}ipp{\=\i}} is used instead of \emph{addak}, ie.
{\gm lammii} \emph{lamm{\=\i}}. {\it \d{T}ipp{\=\i}\/} is one of the
nasalization diacritics.
The following is a list of supported geminated consonants:
\subsection{Nasalization}
Nasalization in Gurmukh{\=\i} is indicated by two
diacritics called {\it \d{t}ipp{\=\i}\/} and {\it bind{\=\i}\/}.
These are coded {\tt .m} and {\tt M}, respectively.
{\it \d{T}ipp{\=\i}\/} is used with the vowels {\it a\/}, {\it i\/},
and {\it u\/}, and with {\it \=u\/} when it is in word-final
position, ie. {\gm mu.n.daa} \ {\tt mu.n.daa}. {\it Bind{\=\i}\/}
is used with all other vowels, ie. {\gm "saaMt} \ {\tt "saaMt}.
Words like {\gm a"nga} \ may either be encoded \verb+a"nga+ or
\verb+a.mga+. In either case, the preprocessor will produce the correct
output.
\subsection{Consonant conjuncts}
Consonsant conjuncts are limited in Gurmukh{\=\i}
and are much simpler than those of Devan\=agar{\=\i}. The conjunct
consonants supported in the IFM are:
\section{Variations}
The {\it m\=atr\=a\/} for {\gm au} \ {\tt au} is sometimes not
written. A word like {\gm auga.nu} \ \verb+auga.nu+ may be written
alternately as {\gm a{}uga.nu} \ \verb+a{}uga.nu+. The code
\verb+{}+ breaks characters which would otherwise be parsed
as a single unit.
\section{Example}
The following example is a poem by Bulleh Shah.
\begin{quote}\begin{quote}
{\gm jis ke sir uupari tuu.m suaamii\, so dukhu kaisaa paavai . \\
boli na jaanai maa{}ii{}aa madi maataa\, mara.naa ciiti na aavai .. 1.. \\
mere raamaraa{}ii\, tuu.m santaa kaa sant tere . \\
tere sevaka kau bhau kichu naahii\, jamu nahii aavai nere .. 1.. rahaa{}u .. \\
jo terai ra"ngi raate suaamii\, tin kaa janam mara.na dukhu naasaa . \\
terii bakhasa na me.tai koii\, satigur kaa dilaasaa .. 2.. \\
naamu dhiaaiini\, sukh phala paaiini\, aa.th pahar aaraadhahi . \\
terii sara.ni tere bharavaasai\, pa~nc du"sa.t lai saadhahi .. 3.. \\
giaanu dhiaanu kichu karamu na jaa.naa\, saar na jaa.naa terii . \\
sabh te va.daa satiguru naanak\, jini kala raakhii merii .. 4. 10. 57..
}
\end{quote}\end{quote}
\bigskip
\section{Special Characters}
\begin{enumerate}
\item The Gurmukh{\=\i} character {\gm la} \ $+$ \emph{nuqta} is not
found in the `Punjabi' font.
\item The symbol of the Sikhs, the \emph{k\=a\d{n}\d{d}\=a}, is available
in two forms. One is {\gm \smkanda{}}, which is defined as \verb+\smkanda+
(small \emph{k\=a\d{n}\d{d}\=a}). The other is {\gm \lgkanda{}}, which
is defined as \verb+\lgkanda+ (large \emph{k\=a\d{n}\d{d}\=a}).
\item The symbol {\it ek o\.nk\=ar} is also available in two forms.
One is {\gm \ekonkarp{}}, defined as \verb+\ekonkarp+ (the ``plain''
\emph{ek o\.nk\=ar}). The other is {\gm \ekonkarf{}}, defined as
\verb+\ekonkarf+ (the ``fancy'' \emph{ek o\.nk\=ar}).
\item \textbf{Vowel-bearers} are null characters which are modified
with diacritics to form the vowels. The vowel bearers are \emph{u}
{\gm \char117} for back vowels, \emph{a} {\gm \char97} for low vowels,
and \emph{i} {\gm \char101} for front vowels. Suggested input for the
vowel-bearers are {\tt `a}, {\tt `u}, and {\tt `i}.
\end{enumerate}
%%% Character Inventory %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
