greek-inputenc

greek-inputenc
##############
Greek input encoding definition files
*************************************

:Version: 1.9 (changelog_)
:Author: Apostolos Syropoulos, Dimitrios Filippou, Günter Milde
:Copyright: © 1999 Dimitrios Filippou,
© 2000 Apostolos Syropoulos,
© 2013, 2023 Günter Milde <[email protected]>
:Licence: This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
conditions of the `LaTeX Project Public License`_, either
version 1.3 of this license or any later version.
:Homepage: https://codeberg.org/milde/greek-tex
:Latest Release: https://ctan.org/pkg/greek-inputenc
:Abstract: This package provides input encoding definition
files for the `Greek script`_.

. contents::

Files
=====

Input encoding definitions:

`<lgrenc.dfu>`_: `Greek UTF-8 support with inputenc <lgrenc.dfu.html>`_
Input encoding file for UTF-8 comprising Greek letters and other
symbols present in the LGR encoding.

`<iso-8859-7.def>`_
Greek input encoding file for `ISO 8859-7`_ by Apostolos Syropoulos.

`<macgreek.def>`_
Greek input encoding file for Macintosh (ELOT 823) by Dimitrios Filippou.

This file translates to a Latin transliteration particular to the LGR
font encoding. Drawbacks include: Latin characters in PDF strings
(hyperref_ bookmarks and TOC sidebar, cf. `Greek and hyperref`__), no
kerning between accented characters.

Test examples and output:

`<greek-utf8.tex>`_
`<greek-utf8.pdf>`_ (comprehensive example)
`<inputenc-iso-8859-7.tex>`_
`<inputenc-iso-8859-7.pdf>`_ (basic test)

__ https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/hyperref-with-greek.pdf

HTML documentation is generated from the literate sources with PyLit_
and from reStructuredText_ with Docutils_.

Installation
============

If possible, get this package from your distribution using its installation
manager.

Otherwise, make sure LaTeX can find the files ending in ``.def`` and
``.dfu``:

* Download and unpack the package or just the required file(s).

* Copy, move, or link the files to a suitable place in the `TeX Directory
Structure` (TDS_) and run ``texhash``, or place them in the current
working directory (e.g. for testing).

Usage
=====

The April 2018 LaTeX release changed the default encoding for 8-bit LaTeX
from 7-bit ASCII to UTF-8. Hence, the ``\usepackage[<encoding>]{inputenc}``
command is only required with the legacy 8-bit encodings. [ltnews28]_

However, literal Unicode characters are only set up, if they are
supported by a declared font encoding. This package works with the LGR
font encoding (requires greek-fontenc_). Specify the LGR font encoding
with any combination of fontenc_, the "greek" option for Babel_, or the
textalpha_ or alphabeta_ packages, e.g. ::

\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}

or ::

\usepackage{textalpha}
\usepackage[greek,english]{babel}

See `<greek-utf8.tex>`_ for an example.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

By default, text containing Greek Unicode characters must be marked up
with a command that selects a font encoding supporting the Greek script,
e.g. by setting the Babel_ language to ``greek`` or ``polutonikogreek`` ::

Athens (Greek: \foreignlanguage{greek}{Αθήνα};
Ancient Greek: \foreignlanguage{greek}{Ἀθῆναι})
is the capital of Greece.

This is a generic feature of 8-bit LaTeX -- an equivalent restriction
holds for the Cyrillic script.

With the textalpha_ or alphabeta_ packages (provided as part of
greek-fontenc_), Greek Unicode literals can be used without special
markup also in non-Greek documents (with some limitations_).

Warning
-------

LGR is no "standard font encoding". Latin characters and some other ASCII
symbols are `mapped to Greek equivalents`__ if LGR is the active font encoding.

This means you need an explicit font-encoding switch for Latin words and
abbreviations in Greek text, e.g., not::

\foreignlanguage{greek}{ηία αντίσταση 750 kΩ}

but ::

\foreignlanguage{greek}{ηία αντίσταση 750 \ensureascii{k}Ω}

Special care is also required with the **question mark characters**:

* The Unicode standard says character ``003B SEMICOLON`` (and not 037E) is
the preferred character for a *Greek question mark* (*erotimatiko*).
* The LGR font encoding maps the semicolon to a middle dot (; → ·),
while the Latin question mark is mapped to the *erotimatiko* (? → ;).

Babel-greek_ provides the `"keep-semicolon" language attribute`_ and
the `textalpha` and `alphabeta` packages from greek-fontenc_
the `"keep-semicolon" option`_ to allow the use of the ASCII-semicolon
as *erotimatiko* (; → ;).

__ https://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/babel-contrib/greek/
babel-greek-doc.html#lgr-latin-transliteration

Changelog
=========

. class:: borderless

===== =========== =============================================================
1.3 2013-05-17 New maintainer.
. Unicode support with the standard "utf8" option.
1.4 2013-07-16 Bugfix for GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH PSILI/DASIA.
. Drop "greek" from macro names for ancient characters.
. ``\ypogegrammeni`` and ``\prosgegrammeni`` instead of ``|``.
1.4.1 2013-07-18 Bugfix: wrong breathings psilioxia -> dasiaoxia.
1.5 2014-09-14 Use named accent macros for Greek accents.
. Documentation update (warn of ``;``-conversion).
1.5.1 2015-06-04 Fix definition of spacing diacritical characters in utf8.dfu.
1.6 2015-08-05 Fix output of accented characters with "textalpha" if the
current font encoding is not LGR (wrap in \ensuregreek).
. Map GREEK ... SYMBOL characters.
1.7 2019-07-11 Use LICR macros instead of transliteration and remove
``\textbullet`` substitution character from iso-8859-7.def.
(Missing characters will now result in the standard
``inputenc`` error message.)
1.8 2023-02-21 Add definition for capital koppa to ``lgrenc.dfu``.
. Use ``\ypogegrammeni`` for mute iota also with capitals.
. Use ``\textdexiakeraia`` and ``\textaristerikeraia`` for
the Greek numeral signs.
1.8.1 2023-02-23 Fix broken links in the documentation.
1.8.2 2023-03-02 Next try to fix links.
1.9 2023-03-21 Empty argument instead of space for "spacing accents".
. Documentation update.
===== =========== =============================================================

References
==========

. [ltnews28] LaTeX Project Team `LaTeX News 28`, April 2018.
https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews28.pdf

. _ISO 8859-7: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7

. _LaTeX Project Public License: https://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
. _Greek script: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet
. _PyLit: https://pypi.org/project/pylit/
. _reStructuredText: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html
. _Docutils: https://docutils.sourceforge.io
. _TDS: https://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds

. _babel: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
. _babel-greek: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel-greek
. _fontenc: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontenc
. _greek-fontenc: https://ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc
. _hyperref: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
. _ibycus-babel: https://ctan.org/pkg/ibycus-babel
. _inputenc: https://ctan.org/pkg/inputenc
. _"keep-semicolon" language attribute:
https://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/babel-contrib/greek/
babel-greek.pdf#page=3
. _alphabeta:
https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/alphabeta.sty.html
. _textalpha:
https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha.sty.html
. _"keep-semicolon" option:
https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha.sty.html
#keep-semicolon
. _limitations:
https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha.sty.html
#limitations