\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
 path r, k;
 r = for t = 1 upto 360: cosd 2t * dir t .. endfor cycle;
 r := r scaled 150;
 k = for t = 1 upto 360: point 29t of r -- endfor cycle;

 draw k dashed withdots scaled 1/8
   withpen pencircle scaled 1/4
   withcolor 1/2[blue, white];

 draw r withcolor 2/3 red;

 path xx, yy;  % you might nor need the axes...
 xx = (left -- right) scaled 160;
 yy = (down -- up) scaled 160;
 drawarrow xx; label.rt("$x$", point 1 of xx);
 drawarrow yy; label.top("$y$", point 1 of yy);
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}