Here are some examples to illustrate the tpar program and the
`T' triangle, `L' lexical, `O' omit, `M' mother, `D' daughter,
and `P' phantom tree commands.
%% For tty output, use
%% % tpar tpsample |tree |more
%% or % tpar -t tpsample |tree |more
%% For TeX output, use
%% % tpar -t tpsample |tree -t >tpsample.tex
%% or % tpar -t tpsample |tree -u >tpsample.tex
This is from the man page:
(ex8) \tree \T S
every
good boy
VP
\L V - does
\L A - fine
A couple of examples from McCawley's text:
p. 35
(6)\tree -b2
S[0]
S[1]
S[2]
NP\T - the terrorists
VP
V\L - shoot
NP\T - the hostage
n't
Adv\L - probably
The V' with `say' in this next example came out too wide, originally,
because the two constituents following the V, the P' and NP, couldn't be
put close enough together. I wanted to lower the S[2] under the NP so
it would go closer to the preceding P', so I've put a node with no name
but with command Z between the NP and the S[2] below it. The
Z command does not do anything except hold a place in the tree;
it's a little tricky.
p. 689
(8)\tree
S[0]
NP[x]
the
S[3]
NP - you
V'\T - send $x$ many Christmas\L - cards to your friends
S[1]
NP - it
V'
V\L - say
P'\T - in the Times Al.
NP
\Z
S[2]
NP\T - President R
V'\T
send more than\L - $x$ Christmas cards to\L - Republican supporters
In this example from McCawley, p. 310, the V is made an unnatural
mother of the Adv with the M and D commands, and the line that
would have connected the Adv to the S is omitted with the O command.
The original position of the Adv is marked with a phantom, to get the
tree to look like something belongs here.
(6b) \tree
V'
\M V
V\L - prove
ghost\P
NP
S\T - that the earth is round
\D\O Adv\L - conclusively
From McCawley, p. 423. There are two side-by-side trees here, but
the left one has omitted lines, so that all that is visible is
`RNR' and the arrow. The N-bar is connected to the S `who teach ...'
with M and D commands, but the line connecting the S to its natural
mother remains. To get the line connecting the two N-bars to slant
to the left, the P command is used to put a phantom constituent in
the original position of the RNR'd S. That first Z command is there
just to hold a place in the tree.
(21) \tree
\Z
\O - \O - RNR\O\L - ---$>$
NP
NP
Det\L - most
N'\M
N' - N\L - linguists
some room\P
and
NP
Det\L - almost\L - all
N'
N' - N\L - anthro-\L - pologists
S\D\T - who teach at\L - American\L - universities
