%% This file contains all materials for TTN 3,2 (1994).
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE #1: You *MUST* use version 3.2 of the TTN style
%%                      file, called ttn3n2.sty.
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE #2: Look for the \message command and read
%%                      the instructions on using/circumventing
%%                      the DC fonts, needed for a few characters in
%%                      one item.
%%
%%                     (Ch. Thiele, Editor, TTN).
%%

\documentstyle[twoside]{ttn3n2}   %% Version 3.2, April 1994

% 1992.2.27: fix for underfull hboxes suggested by Phil Taylor (CJC)
\tolerance = 1817 \hbadness = \tolerance

\begin{document}

%% Cover 1:

\pagestyle{empty}

%% For camera copy file, replace this page with material from file
%%      camera-copy-cover.tex

{\Large

\begin{flushleft}
  Volume 3, Number 2
\end{flushleft}

\vspace{-3.1pc}

\begin{flushright}
  April 1994
\end{flushright}

\vspace{6pc}

\hrule height2pt

\vspace{2pt}

\hrule

\vspace{3pt}

\begin{center}
  \Huge \TeX\ and TUG NEWS
\end{center}

\hrule

\vspace{2pt}

\hrule height2pt

\vspace{1pc}

\begin{flushright}
  for and by the \TeX\ community
\end{flushright}

\vfill

\begin{center}
  A Publication of the\\
  \TeX\ Users Group\\
\vspace{3pc}
  Electronic version
\end{center}

} %% end of \Large

\newpage


%% COVER 2 (editorial information):

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{center}
  {\Sectionfont\TeX{} and TUG NEWS}
\end{center}

\vspace{.5pc}

{\small \baselineskip=10pt
\begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
  \begin{tabular}{||lp{9.5cm}||}
     \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\bf Mission Statement} \\ [6pt]
     \hline
     \multicolumn{2}{||l||}{The \TUG\ (\tug) provides leadership:} \\
      1. & to encourage and expand the use of \TeX, \MF, and related
           systems         \\
      2. & to ensure the integrity and portability of \TeX, \MF, and
           related systems \\
      3. & to foster innovation in high-quality electronic document
           preparation     \\
     \hline
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent \TTN\ is a newsletter for \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} users alike:
{\em a forum for exchanging information, tips and suggestions\/}; {\em
a regular means of communicating news items to one another\/}; {\em a
place where information about \TeX{} and TUG can be quickly
disseminated}.

\vspace{.25pc}

Throughout the newsletter ``\TeX'' is understood to mean \TeX, \LaTeX,
\AmSTeX, and other related programs and macros.  \TTN\ is produced with
the standard \LaTeX{} distribution, and is to be as portable a document
as possible.

\vspace{.25pc}

The entire contents of this newsletter are being placed in the public
domain.  The source file of this issue will be placed in the CTAN
archives. Copying and reprinting are encouraged; however, an
acknowledgement specifying \TTN\ as the source would be appreciated.

\vspace{.25pc}

Submissions to \TTN\ should be short, the macros must work, and the
files {\bf must} run without special font or graphics requirements:
this is to be a {\em portable\/} newsletter (the new font selection
scheme has not yet been implemented).  Correspondence may be sent via
e-mail to {\tt [email protected]} with the subject line {\tt NEWSLETTER}\@.
Advertisements are accepted in \ttn: contact the \tug\ office for
details.

\vspace{.25pc}

\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{lll}
     \bf \TUG                     & Phone:  & +1 (805) 963-1338 \\
      P.O.\ Box 869               & \fax:   & +1 (805) 963-8358 \\
      Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA & E-mail: & \tt [email protected] \\
  \end{tabular}

\vspace{1pc}
\TeX{} is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.
\end{center}
\par}  %% end of \small \baselineskip=10pt

\hrule

\vspace{4pt}

{\footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt
\noindent \TTN\ (ISSN 1065-240X) is published quarterly by the \TeX\
Users Group, 735 State Street, P.O.\ Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102,
U.S.A\@. The 1994 dues for individual members are \$60.00 for regular
members and \$30.00 for students.

Second-class postage paid at Santa Barbara, CA, and additional mailing
offices.  Postmaster: Send address changes to \TTN, \TeX\ Users Group,
P.O.\ Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, U.S.A.

Membership in the \TeX\ Users Group is for the calendar year, and
includes all issues of {\sl TUGboat} and {\sl \TeX\ and TUG NEWS\/}
for the year in which membership begins or is renewed.  Individual
membership is open only to named individuals, and carries with it such
rights and responsibilities as voting in the annual election.
\par} %%  end of \footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt

\newpage


%% Editorial (p.1):

\pagestyle{myheadings}
\markboth{\TTN\quad Vol.\ 3, No.\ 2, 1994}
        {\TTN\quad Vol.\ 3, No.\ 2, 1994}

\setcounter{page}{1}   %% to set first page of contents to p.1

\Section{Editorial}

We're back again, with another issue of news and helpful hints from
our regular columnists.

Peter Flynn's back (pp.\ 3--5) with more tidbits on typesetting ---
and yet another nifty little {\tt .sty} file you'll probably want to
acquire. New Publications by Peter Schmitt continues to include
articles about \TeX\ --- if you know of any, please get in touch with
him (pp.\ 6--7).  Jeremy's column has some pretty neat stuff too ---
see pages 8--12.  However, this will the last column for Robert Becker
(pp.\ 17--19), who's moving on to other interests. I'd like to thank
him for the columns he's given us, and for his hints in the current
one.

In \ttn\ 2,2:20, I reported on {\sl La Lettre GUTenberg\/}, and that
it was going to use a different font in each issue. They're now on
issue no.~3, and so far, they've kept to their word: {\sl Rotis\/} was
used in no.~0, {\sl Stone} in no.~1, and now {\sl Lucida-Bright\/} in
no.~3. From now on, we'll make a note of the font in our New
Publications column --- you might consider becoming a member of
\GUTenberg, if only for the font samples! And perhaps we could
inveigle someone to bring sample copies to post at the annual meeting
this summer. It's quite a nice treat to see these issues.

Contests? Were you mildly intrigued by the last one? We have winners!
But we have an even better contest lined up for you now! Go to page 28
and find out more. And for those who've been reading {\sl La Lettre
GUTenberg\/}, they've had a few interesting ideas as well!

But we mustn't forget the first contest we ran: the ``A-in-\LaTeX''
contest results are in! And the winners are:

\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{ll}
        Basic solution: & Peter Schmitt \\
        Elegant and sophisticated solution:
                        & Jonathan Fine and Jean-luc Doumont \\
        Guru solution:  & nobody \dots \\
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%
Their full-blown, glorious solutions will be appearing in the next
\TUB\ issue (sorry, we don't have the space here). Congratulations to the
winners, and to all those who sat down and argued with \TeX\ and
\LaTeX\ for a while.

\subsubsection{Membership numbers are coming!}
%
Starting with the 1994 members, we will finally be assigning
membership numbers. This was to have been sent out with the \tug'94
registration material, but there's been a bit of a delay. You will be
receiving your membership number (which will always be yours, as long
as you're a \tug\ member) via e-mail or regular mail during the next
two months or so.  And eventually this number will appear on all
mailing labels. We just need a little more time to get all the bugs
worked out. By July, we should all be tagged, though {\tt ;-)}.

More from the office front: some of you may have noticed what seem
like long delays in e-mail traffic, or even complete silence to your
queries. It's because of the {\tt uucp} connection which we currently
have --- recently, it's been really unstable. Please --- if you are
corresponding with the office, it might be more effective (and less
frustrating) if you use \fax\ or regular mail for the next while. We
expect to change the network connections and upgrade to a proper link,
but in the interim \dots\


\subsubsection{Getting these newsletters out.}
%
{\it Mea culpa\/}! The last issue's Table of Contents page bears the
date 199{\bf 1}! It should of course have read 199{\bf 4}.

Have you ever been working in {\tt report.sty}, and found that
cross-referenced labels start with zero: e.g., Fig.~0.1? Maddening
when you're really too busy to try and figure this one out. I found it
maddening \dots\ it was in Peter Flynn's column. Solution? Insert
\verb|\setcounter{chapter}{1}| to force the ``0'' to kick up to ``1'':
we're usually so busy writing up our sections and subsections and
subsubsections that we forget that above ``section'' in the \LaTeX\
hierarchy comes ``chapter'' (and above that, there's
``part'').

Another command I've found occasionally useful is
\verb|\centering{...}|\ts, rather than the more usual \verb|\begin ...
\end{center}|\ts.

And finally, some new elements we're considering: (a) occasional
updates on \ctan; (b) carrying want ads (``Looking for signed copy of
the \TB'' or ``Selling all my \TUB''); and (c) news from vendors.

The \ctan\ updates would include such information as the following:

{\small \baselineskip=10.5pt
\begin{quote}
  After you ftp over to a \ctan\ node, you probably sit there and try
  to think ``now where would they store {\tt xxxxx.sty}?''.  Instead
  of digging through the whole archive, try this: {\tt quote site
  index} $< filename >$.  {\small AND USE LOWERCASE}!!  It's
  case-sensitive and there was a bit of confusion in some early
  documentation. But give it a try. And feel less intimidated next
  time you step up to the ftp plate. Note: if you turn off messaging
  by using a hyphen as the first character of your password, this
  won't work.
\end{quote}
\par}

For want ads, we need to first see if there's a wide-spread demand for
this. Send your comments and suggestions to {\tt
[email protected]}.

And with this issue, I've started a subsection in the \AllTeX\ column
called ``News from vendors'', since I keep getting their flyers! I
don't pretend that this is all the news that's out there --- consider
it a sampling. Send your comments and reactions to me as well.

Well, I've had my say here for this issue --- hope you enjoy reading
the rest of it! And plan on coming to Santa Barbara --- it's going to
be a terrific 15th anniversary meeting: see pp.\ 22--23 for the
prelimary program.

\begin{flushright}
  Christina Thiele\\
  Editor, \TTN
\end{flushright}

\newpage


%% Typographer's Inn (Peter Flynn column) (pp.2-3):

\Section{Typographer's Inn}

\begin{flushright}
  Peter Flynn \\
  University College Cork \\
  \tt [email protected]
\end{flushright}

\bgroup

\def\ditto{\raise1ex\hbox{{\rm,,}}}
\hyphenation{pa-ra-me-ters au-to-ma-ting helico-pter}
\parfillskip=\parindent plus1fil


\subsection*{Shady practice}

A call for help on the {\tt comp.text.tex} Usenet newsgroup a while
back asked how to create a shaded box superimposed on a word like
\shade{this}. I cooked up a macro to do it, and posted it on the
newsgroup, but since then I've been experimenting with more general
applications and come up with some twiddles which could be useful in
technical~documentation.

I'm not going to show them here: if they're ready in time they might
be in a paper to the annual conference at the \TeX\ Users Group
Meeting (this year it's in Santa Barbara, California,
July~31--August~4). Book early for a seat: if you use, support or sell
\TeX, this is the one show you can't afford to~miss.


\subsection*{Ditto marks}

Chet Creider of the University of Western Ontario has noticed that
grammars published in England have a distinctive `ditto' mark
consisting of a right double quote at the same level as a comma
(Wright \& Wright's {\em An Elementary Old English Grammar} [OUP]) but
American ones did not (Smyth, {\em Greek Grammar} [Harvard]). He asks
if this has been implemented in~\TeX/\LaTeX.

I know some non-English-language implementations of \TeX\ used to
define open-quotes ,,like this``, and the DC fonts do it with extra
sorts, but I have also seen ditto marks using commas cast at the
x-height, and I have used these in Fig.~\ref{widths}. What do other
people use?  That is if they use anything\ts---\ts with
computer-generated tables, ditto marks are not used to avoid having to
reset the same word or number over and over again, but I feel they
have a valid place as they indicate explicitly what the eye may miss
in scanning large amounts of figures: exactly where a repeated value
ceases to~repeat.


\subsection*{Mailbox}

\setcounter{chapter}{1}

In January, our editor Christina posted the table in Fig.~\ref{widths}
to the {\tt TYPO-L} mailing list. It shows the result of setting five
pages of text in different fonts. The differences are due to the `set'
of each font, which is a measure of the horizontal space that an
alphabet will occupy (and which foundries used to quote as part of the
specifications of a font).  My gripe a while back was that Palatino
(for example) was implemented with too narrow a set in the
Adobe~version.

\begin{figure}
\centering{\begin{tabular}{lcc}
                     &  {\bf Lines} &{\bf 5 pages} \\
{\bf Font face}       &{\bf per page}&{\bf `normal'}\\
\noalign{\vskip2pt}
\cline{1-3}
\noalign{\vskip2pt}
\strut Times New Roman&      43      &     4.5\phantom{0}      \\
Palatino              &    \ditto    &     4.75     \\
Computer Modern       &    \ditto    &     4.7\phantom{0}      \\
New Century Schoolbook&    \ditto    &     5\phantom{.00}        \\
Pandora               &      42      &   \ditto\phantom{.00}     \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Set widths in various fonts.}\label{widths}}
\end{figure}

Frans Goddijn from the Netherlands pointed out that Huib van Krimpen,
the Dutch typographer, in a lecture for the \ntg\ (Dutch \TeX\ users
group), went into detail on the very exact calculations a typographer
has to make before deciding how to change fonts or layout, and
remarked dryly that `using a {\small DTP} computer for typesetting is
not the same as doing typography. But from the prints you see, it is
obvious that many [people] {\em think} they are\dots'~\ I hope he
wasn't referring to~\TeX.


\subsection*{Books}

Christina also recommends Alex White's {\em How to Spec Type}
[Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1987], and Tony Galt from
Wisconsin says that those interested in Zapf and Palatino (and his
other faces) might enjoy {\em Twentieth Century Type Designers} by
Sebastian Carter [Taplinger,~1987].


\subsection*{Interletter spacing}

I didn't think I'd opened such a can of worms when I mentioned this
topic. I've had both praise and brickbats, and a reminder of Frederick
Goudy's statement that ``anyone who would letterspace [lower case]
would steal~sheep''.

I've even been taken to task by a colleague on my own campus who
regrets abandoning her antique wordprocessor (on a {\small DEC}
Rainbow, no less) for a more supportable product because the new
program refuses to letterspace, and she feels adjusting the
interletter spacing on loose or tight lines is an elegant addition to
justified text. We've agreed to disagree on this~one.

On a more technical note, I've had an interesting set of results from
Wally Martin in Toledo, Ohio, who has made some experiments in
adjusting the character widths in the {\tt .tfm} files for BitStream
fonts and for a TrueType version of Bodoni (see
Fig.~\ref{bodoni})\footnote[1]{For the purposes of portability, this
does not use Bodoni, but the original PostScript file can be retrieved
by anonymous {\tt ftp} from {\tt curia.ucc.ie} as {\tt
pub/tex/bodoni.eps}} using Personal \TeX's \hbox{PC-\TeX}
under~MS-Windows.

The experiments used some of the BitStream utilities provided with
\hbox{PC-\TeX}, their TrueType-to-{\tt tfm} for MS-Windows, and the
normal {\tt tftopl} and {\tt pltotf} programs. He notes that a
powerful text editor is needed (with the ability to do mathematics
with digits coming from within the text) to perform the repetitive
recalculation of the {\tt CHARWD}~entries.

Joachim Schrod warned (in an article in {\em Offizin\/} [\dante,
Bonn,~94\ts:\ts 1]\ts) about the dangers of this kind of
manipulation. While it may have its place, I feel that hand-bodging
{\tt .tfm} files still has its dangers, particularly when {\tt .dvi}
and \PS\ rely on the font metrics matching the bounding boxes inherent
in the outlines or bitmaps so that adjacent unkerned characters can be
represented without positional information.

It is clearly possible to do interletter space adjustments using
\TeX. Whether or not it is a `good' thing to do is probably more
a matter of \ae sthetics than dogma. Whether or not it will work with
a specific driver or device is a moot point. Me, I don't steal~sheep.

\begin{figure}
{\leftskip=3pc
%% CT> to avoid having add-on files associated with ttn3n2.tex, I'll
%%     insert the bodoni.tex file here, rather than \input it:
%%        \input bodoni.tex
%--------------------------- bodoni.tex -------------------------------

% this file is concocted to illustrate the effects of changing
% inter-letter spacing in Bodoni, but uses CMFIB8 as the font
% in order to make the relevant issue of TTN portable! The
% original PostScript file with the real Bodoni is at
%   ftp://curia.ucc.ie/pub/tex/bodoni.eps
\font\fakebod=cmr17 at 10pt
\newbox\measurebox
\newdimen\wwid
\newcount\wtarget
\begingroup
\def\doword#1#2#3{\setbox\measurebox=\hbox{#2}\wwid=\wd\measurebox
               \wtarget=#1 \advance\wtarget by100
               \divide\wwid by100 \multiply\wwid by\wtarget
               \leavevmode\hbox to\wwid{#3}}

This is to test letterspacing of various sorts. (CMR 10, good)

\fakebod

This is to test letterspacing of various sorts. (Serif, Inc.\ Bodonoff
font)

\doword3{This}{T\hss h\hss i\hss s} \doword3{is}{i\hss s}
\doword3{to}{t\hss o}
\doword3{test}{t\hss e\hss s\hss t} \doword3{letterspacing}{l\hss
e\hss t\hss t\hss e\hss r\hss s\hss p\hss a\hss c\hss i\hss
n\hss g} \doword3{of}{o\hss f} \doword3{various}{v\hss a\hss r\hss
i\hss o\hss u\hss s}
\doword3{sorts.}{s\hss o\hss r\hss t\hss s\hss .} (add 3\%)

\doword6{This}{T\hss h\hss i\hss s} \doword6{is}{i\hss s}
\doword6{to}{t\hss o}
\doword6{test}{t\hss e\hss s\hss t} \doword6{letterspacing}{l\hss
e\hss t\hss t\hss e\hss r\hss s\hss p\hss a\hss c\hss i\hss
n\hss g} \doword6{of}{o\hss f} \doword6{various}{v\hss a\hss r\hss
i\hss o\hss u\hss s}
\doword6{sorts.}{s\hss o\hss r\hss t\hss s\hss .} (add 6\%)
\endgroup
\caption{Adjusting the interletter spacing in an Adobe
        font.}\label{bodoni}
\par}
\end{figure}


\subsection*{`Serif' magazine}

Don Hosek's new magazine, {\em Serif}, will be a quarterly magazine of
Type and Typog\-raphy with the first issue coming out in the fourth
quarter of 1994. Requests for information should be directed to {\em
Serif}, 555~Guilford, Claremont, CA~91711,~USA. Articles are always
welcome and will be paid for at industry-typical~rates.


\subsection*{Apology}

In my last column, I praised the \verb|\path| macro found in Karl
Berry's {\tt eplain} format. If I had read the documentation properly
I would have credited it correctly: \verb|\path| was written by Nelson
Beebe for {\tt path.sty} and reimplemented at Nelson's request by
Philip Taylor in 1991. The latest version of {\tt path.sty} is
available on {\tt ftp.math.utah.edu} in {\tt /pub/tex/bib} (via
e-mail, send ``{\tt send path.sty from tex/bib}'' to {\tt
[email protected]}). Sorry Nelson and Phil: always pays to~{\small
RTFM}.

\egroup

\newpage


%% `New Publications' column (Peter Schmitt) (pp.4--5):

\begin{New Publications}

<                                      Peter Schmitt \\
<                            |[email protected]| \\
<              |[email protected]| \\

\books

> P.W. Abrahams, K. Berry & K. Hargreaves:                   \|
   \TeX\ per l'impaziente
   [\TeX\ for the Impatient]

   Milano: Addison-Wesley, 1991.
   396pp. \ISBN 88-7192-022-8.

 # This is a translation (by Gaia and Guido Franchi) of the
   well-known introduction, amplified by material relevant to
   the Italian language.
   (See review by Claudio Beccari, \TUB\ 14, no.\ 4, pp.\ 421--422.)

> Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach & Alexander Samarin:     \|
   The \LaTeX\ Companion

   Addison-Wesley, 1993.
   480pp. (paperback). US\$41.25. \ISBN 0-201-54199-8.

 # This book is based on \LaTeXe, the new version of \LaTeX\ which
   is currently available in its beta test release.  It explains tools
   and techniques that enhance the use of \LaTeX\ and help format
   documents more quickly and more efficiently.  Topics treated
   include customizing commands and environments, changing page
   layout, preparing indices and bibliographies, and the New Font
   Selection Scheme (\nfss), as well as using \PS\ fonts and \PS\
   images.  [adapted from promotional material]

> Helmut Kopka:
   \LaTeX\ --- Einf\"uhrung
   [\LaTeX\ --- Introduction]

   Addison-Wesley, 1994.

 # The new edition of Kopka's well-know (German) books on \LaTeX\
   (also available in a partial English translation) includes
   \LaTeXe\ and will comprise three (instead of two) volumes.  The
   first volume is already available.

> Norman Walsh:
   Making \TeX\ Work

   O'Reilly and Associates, April 1994.
   (approx.) 500pp. US\$29.95.
   \ISBN 1-56592-051-1.

 # There are many books on \TeX\ and \LaTeX, but so far (it seems) no
   book has been devoted to the \TeX\ system as a whole, i.e., all
   the software, tools, and macros that are available and can be used
   when working with \TeX. This book tries to fill the gap and
   provides a comprehensive guide to the world of \TeX.  It discusses
   the various implementations of \TeX\ on all common platforms and
   how to obtain them, presents the major macro packages, discusses
   the installation and the use of fonts (including \PS\ and TrueType
   fonts), and the inclusion of graphics as well as the
   prepara-\break tion of indices and bibliographies.  It will
   certainly be a valuable source of information, in particular, for
   all those \TeX\ users who lack net access.

\Articles

> George Gr\"atzer:                                          \|
   Advances in \TeX\ Implementations.
   II. Integrated Environments

   Notices of the American Mathematical Society:
   vol. 41, no. 2 (February 1994)
   106--111.

 # ``In this article I will review two integrated \TeX\
   implementations.  _Textures_, the classical implementation on the
   Macintosh (in its modern variant, _Lightning Textures_), and the
   brand new _PC\TeX\ for Windows_ for IBM compatible computers. I
   shall also review _Scientific Word_, a \TeX\ preprocessor.'' [from
   the introduction]

> Allyn Jackson:                                             \|
   _What's Happening_:
   New Publication Takes the {\small AMS} in New Directions

   Notices of the AMS:
   vol. 41, no. 6 (July/August 1994)
   626--627.

 # This article presents the concepts of a new publication.  The
   following is an excerpt from the production remarks: ``Though the
   design is certainly more complex than the Society's other \TeX\
   documents, \TeX\ was chosen over a what-you-see-is-what-you-get
   desktop publishing program for its superior typographic quality.
   (A few small sections of the book were produced using a desktop
   publishing program but the output was manipulated and massaged by
   hand to make it look as good as the \TeX\ output.)''

> Tom Scavo, Yannis Haralambous, & Werenfried Spit:          \|
   \TeX\ on the Macintosh

   Notices of the AMS:
   vol. 40, no. 10 (December 1993)
   1353--1360.

 # ``There are currently four implementations of \TeX\ available for
   the Macintosh family of computers: _CMac\TeX_, _Direct\TeX_,
   _Oz\TeX_, and _Textures_.  The latter is a well-known commercial
   product which won't be reviewed here; the others are either
   freeware or shareware and are the focus of this report.'' [from
   the introduction]

%\newsletters
\Newsletters

> Baskerville:
  vol.\ 4, no.\ 1, Feb.\ 1994, 24pp.;
  vol.\ 4, no.\ 2, Apr.\ 1994, 24pp.
%      Official newsletter of the UK \TeX\ Users' Group.

> GUST:
    Zeszyt 3 (1994), 50pp.
    Official newsletter of the Polish \TeX\ User Group.
%      Grupa U\.zytkownik\'ow Systemu \TeX.

> La Lettre GUTenberg:
    no.\ 2, f\'evrier 1994, 24pp. [using Lucida-Bright]
%      Official newsletter of \GUTenberg.

> Die \TeX{}nische Kom\"odie:
    5.\ Jahrgang, Heft~3, Dezember~1993, 68pp.
%    vol. 5, no. 3, Dec. 1993, 68pp.
%    Official newsletter of DANTE.

\end{New Publications}

%% \newpage included in {New Publications} environment (Ch.)


%% Jeremy Gibbons' column ``Hey --- it works!'' (pp.17--22):

\Section{``Hey --- it works!''}

\begin{flushright}
      Jeremy Gibbons \\
      University of Auckland \\
      \tt [email protected]
\end{flushright}

\noindent Welcome again to {\sl ``Hey~--- it works!''}. This column is
dedicated to elegant, interesting, or just plain useful techniques in
\TeX{} and \LaTeX---in the style of Jon Bentley's {\sl Programming
Pearls\/} or Richard Bird's {\sl Functional Pearls}, for the `computists'
among you. If you have any such items, no matter how trivial, please pass
them on to me at the above address.

In this issue we have three pieces: one by Donald Arseneau on
interleaving under- and overbraces; one of my own on constructing new
symbols from existing ones; and one by Navindra Gambhir on
constructing tables, illustrating the use of \verb"\afterassignment".

\begingroup

\squashedsubsection{Non-nested braces}
                  {Donald Arseneau \\
                  Tri-University Meson Facility \\
                  \tt [email protected]}

\makeatletter

%=========== oubraces.sty ==========================
% oubraces.sty: Interleave \overbrace with \underbrace
%                Donald Arseneau, 1993
%
% \overunderbraces{upper_braces}{main_formula}{lower_braces}
%
\def\overunderbraces #1#2#3{{%
\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip4\p@ \lineskiplimit4\p@
\displaystyle % deliberately generate error if not in math mode!
% first, do the top half of the alignment in a save-box ...
\setbox\z@\vbox{\ialign{&\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\cr
  \global\let\br\br@label #1\cr % upper labels
  \global\let\br\br@down #1\cr  % upper braces
  #2\cr % main line of the formula
}}% finished partial alignment and \vbox.
\dimen@-\ht\z@ %   Measure height of partial alignment --
% ... it is the height we want for the whole.
% Now do the whole alignment (notice the repetition from above)
\setbox\z@\vbox{\ialign{&\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\cr
  \global\let\br\br@label #1\cr % upper labels
  \global\let\br\br@down #1\cr  % upper braces
  #2\cr % main line of the formula
  \global\let\br\br@up #3\cr    % lower braces
  \global\let\br\br@label #3\cr % lower labels
}}% finished whole alignment and \vbox.
\advance\dimen@\ht\z@ % calc. the necessary lowering
\lower\dimen@\hbox{\box\z@}% shift to get the desired height
}}

% Three aliases for \br.
% #1=number of spanned columns,  #2=label
\def\br@up#1#2{\multispan{#1}\upbracefill}
\def\br@down#1#2{\multispan{#1}\downbracefill}
\def\br@label#1#2{\multispan{#1}\hidewidth $#2$\hidewidth}

% oubraces.sty: Interleave \overbrace with \underbrace
%                Donald Arseneau, 1993
%
% The syntax is:
%
%   \overunderbraces{upper_braces}{main_formula}{lower_braces}
%
% Suppose we want the equation:
%                x               y
%          ,-----^-----.   ,-----^-----.
%  a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m = \pi r^2
%                  `-----v-----'
%                        z
% There are seven segments:
%                x               y
%          ,-----^-----.   ,-----^-----.
%  a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m = \pi r^2
%  11111111222222223333344455555666666667777777777...
%                  `-----v-----'
%                        z
% Insert & between each segment (where the tips of the braces point)
% to type the main_formula:
%                x               y
%          ,-----^-----.   ,-----^-----.
%  a + b +&c + d +&e + f&+&g + h&+ i + j&+ k + l + m
%                  `-----v-----'
%                        z
% Each brace should be specified by typing
%
%    \br{number_of_segments}{label},
%
% separated by  &  to indicate which segment to start at; and
% where  & &  skips a segment that has no brace.  For our
% example formula, the upper and lower brace specifiers are:
%
% top row:  &\br{2}{x}& &\br{2}{y}
% bot row:  & &\br{3}{z}
%
% Now put them all together:
%
% \overunderbraces{&\br{2}{x}& &\br{2}{y}}%
%    {a + b +&c + d +&e + f&+&g + h&+ i + j&+ k + l + m}%
%    {& &\br{3}{z}}
%  = \pi r^2
%===========end oubraces.sty ==========================

% hacked version with extra labels for this article:
% \Xoverunderbraces{upper_brace}{main_formula}{lower_brace}{special_labels}
%
\newdimen \Xheight

\def\Xoverunderbraces #1#2#3#4{{% #4 = special labels
\baselineskip\z@skip \lineskip4pt \lineskiplimit4pt
\displaystyle % deliberately generate error if not in math mode!
% first, do the top half of the alignment in a save-box to measure the
%    height
\setbox\z@\vbox{\ialign{&\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\cr
  \global\let\br\br@label #1\cr % upper labels
  \global\let\br\br@down #1\cr  % upper braces
  #2\cr % main line of the formula
}}% finished partial alignment and \vbox.
\dimen@-\ht\z@ %   Measure height -- it is the height we want for the whole
% second, do the whole alignment without the rules to find its size
\Xheight\z@
\setbox\z@\vbox{\ialign{&\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\cr
  \global\let\br\br@label #1\cr % upper labels
  \global\let\br\br@down #1\cr  % upper braces
  #2\cr % main line of the formula
  \global\let\br\br@up #3\cr    % lower braces
  \global\let\br\br@label #3\cr % lower labels
  #4\cr % special labels
}}% finished whole alignment and \vbox.
\Xheight\ht\z@ \global\let\XV\relax
% finally, do the whole alignment yet again in its final format
\setbox\z@\vbox{\ialign{\XV\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\XV&&\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\XV\cr
  \global\let\br\br@label #1\cr % upper labels
  \global\let\br\br@down #1\cr  % upper braces
  #2\cr % main line of the formula
  \global\let\br\br@up #3\cr    % lower braces
  \global\let\br\br@label #3\cr % lower labels
  \noalign{\global\let\XV\XVR}#4\cr % special labels
}}% finished whole alignment and \vbox.
\advance\dimen@\ht\z@
\lower\dimen@\hbox{\box\z@}% move alignment to get the desired height
}}

\def\XVR{\kern-.05pt\vbox to\z@{\vss\hrule width.1pt
                               height\Xheight}\kern-.05pt}

% ====  begin real article ====

Sometimes one would like to interleave braces labelling parts of an
equation:
%
$$
\overunderbraces{&\br{2}{x}& &\br{2}{y}}%
   {a + b +&c + d +&e + f&+&g + h&+ i + j&+ k + l + m}%
   {& &\br{3}{z}}
 = \pi r^2
$$
%
This is something that \verb"\overbrace" and \verb"\underbrace" cannot
do. The solution I have chosen (for both plain \TeX\ and
\LaTeX) is based on visual formatting into columns, like an
array or table.

First (on paper or imagination), write the formula and divide it into
segments at the tip of each brace.  In our example there are seven
segments:
%
$$
\Xoverunderbraces{&\br{2}{x}& &\br{2}{y}}%
   {a + b +&c + d +&e + f&+&g + h&+ i + j&+ k + l + m}%
   {& &\br{3}{z}}%
   {1&2&3&4&5&6&7}
 = \pi r^2
$$
%
although segments 1 and 7 could be omitted.  We will type the main
line of the formula with \verb"&" inserted between each segment:
%
\begin{verbatim}
    a + b +&c + d +&e + f&+&g + h&+ i + j&+ k + l + m
\end{verbatim}
%
Each segment then becomes a column in an alignment, and each brace may
span multiple columns.  The idea is best illustrated by a \LaTeX{}
array:
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{array}[c]{ccccccc}
 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{x}& & \multicolumn{2}{c}{y}\\
 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\downbracefill}
                        & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\downbracefill}\\
 a + b +&c + d +&e + f&+&g + h&+ i + j&+ k + l + m\\
 & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\upbracefill}\\
 & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{z}
\end{array} = \pi r^2
\end{verbatim}
%
This doesn't work well, having bad braces with bad vertical and
horizontal spacing.  We should instead use \TeX's primitive
\verb"\halign" command, and measure the size of boxes to get the
correct vertical positioning of the formula's main line. Rather than
type the very messy \TeX\ commands directly with each use, it is
better to make a new command:
%
$$
\hbox to\hsize{\indent\verb"\overunderbraces{"{\sl
 upper\_braces\/}\verb"}{"{\sl main\_formula\/}\verb"}{"{\sl
 lower\_braces\/}\verb"}"\hfil}
$$
%
We already know how to write the main line of the formula (by
segmenting the formula and inserting \verb"&" between segments), and
we will also use \verb"&" between braces.  Each labelled brace will be
specified in the format:
%
$$
\hbox to\hsize{\indent\verb"\br{"$n$\verb"}{"\mbox{\sl
  label\/}\verb"}"\hfil}
$$
%
where $n$ is the number of segments spanned by the brace.  Each top
brace of our example spans two segments (with an empty segment between
them) and the bottom brace spans three segments, so they are specified
by:

\medskip
\indent \hbox to8em{top braces:\hfil}\verb" &\br{2}{x}&  &\br{2}{y}"\\
\indent \hbox to8em{bottom braces:\hfil}\verb" & &\br{3}{z}"

\medskip

Having determined all three parameters to use with
\verb"\over"\-\verb"under"\-\verb"braces",  the complete command is
%
\begin{verbatim}
\overunderbraces{&\br{2}{x}& &\br{2}{y}}%
   {a + b +&c + d +&e + f&+&g + h&+ i + j&+ k + l + m}%
   {& &\br{3}{z}}
 = \pi r^2
\end{verbatim}
%
which produces the equation at the start of this article.

Here is the definition of \verb"\overunderbraces".  It may look
long, but it has some repetition in order to measure the height of
the top half of the formula. There are also the auxiliary macros
\verb"\brAup", \verb"\brAdown", and \verb"\brAlabel" that allow
the same \verb"\br" command to produce up-braces, down-braces, and
centered labels at the appropriate places.

\begin{verbatim}
% \overunderbraces{upper_braces}{main_formula}{lower_braces}
%
\def\overunderbraces #1#2#3{{%
\baselineskip=0pt \lineskip=4pt \lineskiplimit=4pt
\displaystyle % deliberately generate error if not in math mode!
% first, do the top half of the alignment in a save-box
\setbox0=\vbox{\ialign{&\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\cr
  \global\let\br\brAlabel #1\cr % upper labels
  \global\let\br\brAdown #1\cr  % upper braces
  #2\cr % main line of the formula
}}% finished partial alignment and \vbox.
\dimen0=-\ht0 %   Measure height of partial alignment --
% ... it is the height we want for the whole.
% Now do the whole alignment (notice the repetition from above)
\setbox0=\vbox{\ialign{&\hfil${}##{}$\hfil\cr
  \global\let\br\brAlabel #1\cr % upper labels
  \global\let\br\brAdown #1\cr  % upper braces
  #2\cr % main line of the formula
  \global\let\br\brAup #3\cr    % lower braces
  \global\let\br\brAlabel #3\cr % lower labels
}}% finished whole alignment and \vbox.
\advance\dimen0 by\ht0 % calc. the necessary lowering
\lower\dimen0\hbox{\box0}% shift to get the desired height
}}

% Three aliases for \br.
% #1=number of spanned columns,  #2=label
\def\brAup#1#2{\multispan{#1}\upbracefill}
\def\brAdown#1#2{\multispan{#1}\downbracefill}
\def\brAlabel#1#2{\multispan{#1}\hidewidth $#2$\hidewidth}
\end{verbatim}

If you check the electronic version of this newsletter, you will find
the text of \verb"oubraces.sty" which contains these definitions,
except for some streamlining with `internal' commands such as
\verb"\dimen@" used for \verb"\dimen0".

\endgroup


\begingroup

\squashedsubsection{Overlaying symbols}{Jeremy Gibbons}

\makeatletter
% overlay.sty - overlay and align two symbols, respecting changing styles

\def\loverlay#1#2{\mathpalette\@overlay{{#1}{#2}{}{\hfil}}}
\def\overlay#1#2{\mathpalette\@overlay{{#1}{#2}{\hfil}{\hfil}}}
\def\roverlay#1#2{\mathpalette\@overlay{{#1}{#2}{\hfil}{}}}
  % calls to \@overlay look like
  %    \@overlay\textstyle{{x}{y}{\hfil}{\hfil}}

\def\@overlay#1#2{\@@overlay#1#2}
  % strip brackets from 2nd arg, to get
  %    \@@overlay\textstyle{x}{y}{\hfil}{\hfil}

\def\@@overlay#1#2#3#4#5{{%
  \def\overlaystyle{#1}%
  \setbox0=\hbox{\m@th$\overlaystyle#2$}%
  \setbox1=\hbox{\m@th$\overlaystyle#3$}%
  \ifdim \wd0<\wd1 \setbox2=\box1 \setbox1=\box0 \setbox0=\box2\fi
     % \box0 is now the wider box
  \rlap{\hbox to\wd0{#4\box1\relax#5}}\box0%
}}
\makeatother

My particular branch of computer science often requires me to
construct new mathematical symbols. Sometimes I do this with \MF{},
but if I want to be able to distribute my \TeX{} or \verb"dvi" files,
I need to construct the new symbols out of existing ones. One
technique for doing this is simply to `overlay' two existing symbols;
for this purpose, I wrote the style file \verb"overlay.sty".

The basic usage is to overlay two symbols, centre-aligning them with respect to
each other and producing a symbol as wide as the wider component. Thus,
\verb"$\overlay{\triangleleft}{-\!\!-}$" yields
`$\overlay{\triangleleft}{-\!\!-}$'. Two variations on this theme
involve left- and right-alignment instead of centre-alignment; using
\verb"\loverlay" or \verb"\roverlay" (great names!)  yields
`$\loverlay{\triangleleft}{-\!\!-}$' or
`$\roverlay{\triangleleft}{-\!\!-}$', respectively.

The macro copes with changing `styles', so that symbols get smaller in
subscripts and so on. Thus,
\verb"$X_{\overlay{\triangleleft}{-\!\!-}}$" yields
`$X_{\overlay{\triangleleft}{-\!\!-}}$'. Within the arguments to
\verb"\overlay",  the macro \verb"\overlaystyle" expands out to the
style, so the overlaid components can involve boxes and still respect
changing styles; for example, the (rather contrived) definition
%
\begin{verbatim}
\def\symbol{\overlay{-}{\raise.4ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle\bullet$}}}
\end{verbatim}
%
\def\symbol{\overlay{-}{\raise.4ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle\bullet$}}}
yields `$\symbol$' in text style and `$X_{\symbol}$' in script
style---note the different \verb"\bullet"s.\footnote[1]{Actually, this
  definition is not quite right: an \verb"ex" doesn't get smaller in
  script styles. The best   fix I know of involves defining a macro
  to replace the \verb"ex", choosing a dimension based on
  \verb"\overlaystyle". Unfortunately, I don't think \verb"mu"s can
  be used for vertical movement.}

The macro is even sufficiently robust to cope with nested overlays;
the code
%
\begin{verbatim}
$\overlay{\lower.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle\smile$}}
        {\raise.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle
           {\roverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}{\roverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}$}}
\;\;
\overlay{\lower.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle\smile$}}
        {\raise.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle
           {\loverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}{\loverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}$}}$
\end{verbatim}
%
yields two friendly smileys:
$\overlay{\lower.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle\smile$}}
        {\raise.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle
           {\roverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}{\roverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}$}}
\;\;
\overlay{\lower.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle\smile$}}
        {\raise.6ex\hbox{$\overlaystyle
           {\loverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}{\loverlay{\circ}{\cdot}}$}}$

\begin{verbatim}
% overlay.sty - overlay and align two symbols, respecting styles

\def\loverlay#1#2{\mathpalette\@overlay{{#1}{#2}{}{\hfil}}}
\def\overlay#1#2{\mathpalette\@overlay{{#1}{#2}{\hfil}{\hfil}}}
\def\roverlay#1#2{\mathpalette\@overlay{{#1}{#2}{\hfil}{}}}
  % calls to \@overlay look like
  %    \@overlay\textstyle{{x}{y}{\hfil}{\hfil}}
\def\@overlay#1#2{\@@overlay#1#2}
  % strip brackets from 2nd arg, to get
  %    \@@overlay\textstyle{x}{y}{\hfil}{\hfil}
\def\@@overlay#1#2#3#4#5{{%
  \def\overlaystyle{#1}%
  \setbox0=\hbox{\m@th$\overlaystyle#2$}%
  \setbox1=\hbox{\m@th$\overlaystyle#3$}%
  \ifdim \wd0<\wd1 \setbox2=\box1 \setbox1=\box0 \setbox0=\box2\fi
     % \box0 is now the wider box
  \rlap{\hbox to\wd0{#4\box1\relax#5}}\box0}}
\end{verbatim}

\endgroup


\begingroup

\squashedsubsection{Making tables by iteration}
                   {Navindra Gambhir \\
                    Cornell University, Ithaca NY \\
                    \tt [email protected]}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% These macros are needed to typeset the example table below            %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\catcode`\@=11
\newcount\exno \newcount\expoints \newcount\totalexpoints
\def\doublestrut{\vrule height20.5pt depth3.5pt width0pt \relax}
% each line of the table is made the proper height by including
% \doublestrut in the preamble; interline spacing is turned off
\def\maxpoints{\noindent $$\offinterlineskip
 \halign\bgroup\doublestrut##\hfil& % preamble of the table...
     \ \ \leaders\hrule\hskip6pc \ \ out of \hfil##\cr
   Name \ \hrulefill\span\omit\cr % first line of the table
   \global\exno=0 \global\totalexpoints=0 \getnum}
% if the next number in the list is negative, wrap up the table;
% otherwise generate the next line and continue
\def\getnum{\afterassignment\g@tnum\global\expoints}
\def\g@tnum{\ifnum\expoints<0 \let\next=\finishtable
             \else \let\next=\nextline\fi \next}
\def\nextline{\global\advance\exno by 1 Question \the\exno&
 \global\advance\totalexpoints by\expoints \the\expoints\cr
 \getnum}
\def\finishtable{Total&\the\totalexpoints\cr\egroup$$}
\catcode`\@=12
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\setbox0=\vtop{\kern-22pt \maxpoints 35 5 60 -1}\dp0=0pt
\hangindent=-16pc \hangafter=-11
\strut\vadjust{\rightline{\box0}}%
%
\noindent We sometimes use tables similar to the one shown on the
right when grading homework or exams for a class.  These tables differ
from one problem set to another only in the values in the last column
and the total number of rows.  Therefore it is possible to build these
tables by simply listing out the numbers that go in the last column.
For example, the table shown here was typeset by typing
`\verb|\maxpoints 35 5 60 -1|'.  In general a table for $n$~questions
with maximum possible points $p_1$,~$p_2$, \dots,~$p_n$ is produced by
typing
%
$$\halign{\indent#\cr
   \verb|\maxpoints| \ $p_1$ \ $p_2$ \ $\ldots$ \ $p_n$ \
     $\langle$negative number$\rangle$\cr}
$$
%
The macro \verb|\maxpoints|, given below, uses \verb|\afterassignment|
trickery to read the numbers one at a time.  It generates a line
specification for each non-negative number in the list.  When it finds
the negative number, it wraps up the table by generating the last
(``Total'') line.
%
\begin{verbatim}
  \newcount\exno \newcount\expoints \newcount\totalexpoints
  \def\doublestrut{\vrule height20.5pt depth3.5pt width0pt \relax}
  % each line of the table is made the proper height by including
  % \doublestrut in the preamble; interline spacing is turned off
  \def\maxpoints{\noindent $$\offinterlineskip
    \halign\bgroup\doublestrut##\hfil& % preamble of the table...
        \ \ \leaders\hrule\hskip6pc \ \ out of \hfil##\cr
      Name \ \hrulefill\span\omit\cr % first line of the table
      \global\exno=0 \global\totalexpoints=0 \getnum}
  % if the next number in the list is negative, wrap up the table;
  % otherwise generate the next line and continue
  \def\getnum{\afterassignment\g@tnum\global\expoints}
  \def\g@tnum{\ifnum\expoints<0 \let\next=\finishtable
                \else \let\next=\nextline\fi \next}
  \def\nextline{\global\advance\exno by 1 Question \the\exno&
    \global\advance\totalexpoints by\expoints \the\expoints\cr
    \getnum}
  \def\finishtable{Total&\the\totalexpoints\cr\egroup$$}
\end{verbatim}

\endgroup

\newpage


%% (La)TeX news (pp.13--15):

\Section{\AllTeX\ News}

%% TUGboat ToCs on-line
%% German node of CTAN has moved
%% Announcing a new publication:_Serif_
%% Fraktur German Gothic font
%% NTG's CD of 4AllTeX
%% Where to announce new releases
%% New releases from Karl Berry
%% News from vendors:
%%   -- Micro Programs acquires Arbortext TeX stuff
%%   -- v.1.1 of Y&Y TeX package
%%   -- PCTeX for Windows
%%


\squashedsubsection{\TUB\/ tables of contents on-line}
                  {Barbara Beeton \\
                   Editor, \TUB}

In the {\small SHSU} archive (\verb|ftp.shsu.edu|), the \TUB\/ area is
in \verb|tex-archive/|\break \verb|digests/tugboat|\ts. Among other
things, it contains the plain and \LaTeX{} styles for \TUB\/ and the
\tug\ meeting proceedings, complete tables of contents for all issues,
and Nelson Beebe's explosion of this information into a \BibTeX{} file
and permuted index.

The tables of contents are stored by year in files named \verb|tb|{\it
vvyy}\verb|.cnt| ({\it vv\/} is the volume number and {\it yy\/} the
year); they can be run through \TeX{} in 5-volume chunks with
``driver'' files named \verb|tbcv|{\it vv}\verb|.tex| where {\it vv\/}
is a multiple of~5 giving the number of the last volume in the group.
To process the tables of contents, the file \verb|tbcont.def| is also
needed.

The file of \TUB\/ contents in \BibTeX{} form is \verb|tugboat.bib|;
the files \verb|tugboat.kwic| and \verb|tugboat.ptx| pre\-sent the
same information in keyword-in-context and permuted index form,
respectively.

I've done some work toward creating a ``real'' index for \TUB{} but it
is still quite a way from completion.  Until that is available, anyone
looking for a particular \TUB{} article should be able to find it with
the help of one of these files if they know either the author or some
word(s) from the title.


\squashedsubsection{German node of CTAN has moved}
                  {Rainer Sch\"opf \\
%%                    Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum \\
%%                    f\"ur Informationstechnik Berlin \\
                   {\tt [email protected]} \\
                   {\tt [email protected]}}

The German node of the Comprehensive \TeX\ Archive Network (\ctan) has
moved:
%
\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{ll}
     {\em Old\/}:\quad \verb|ftp.uni-stuttgart.de|
        & {\em New\/}:\quad \verb|ftp.dante.de| \\
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%
The latter is a dedicated machine, kindly supplied by the Association
of German-speaking \TeX\ users (\dante\ e.V.). We are grateful to the
computing center of the University of Stuttgart, especially Barbara
Burr and her crew, for having supplied the services to run the \TeX\
archive on one of their hosts, and to \dante\ and its members for
contributing the necessary funds through their membership fees.

Note that {\tt ftp.uni-stuttgart} will continue to offer access to the
\TeX\ archive; users of that node will not notice any difference.

\newpage


\subsection*{Announcing a new publication: {\sl Serif}}

As mentioned in Peter Flynn's column, {\sl Serif\/} is a new
publication coming out this fall (address on p.\ 4), put together by
Don Hosek, a long-time member of the \TeX\ community. From the
prospectus (done in Monotype Perpetua):

{\small \baselineskip=10.5pt
\begin{quote}
  While some designers are challenging the basic premise of
  typography as a transparent means to present an author's ideas,
  others are re-discovering the texts that they are typesetting and
  eschewing the typographic innovations of their colleagues in favor
  of a more traditional style.

  \dots\ articles scheduled for the first issue ``American Type
  Specimen Books,'' ``Notes on Century Schoolbook,'' ``Renaissance
  Typefaces'' \dots\ [and] first issue authors \dots\ Charles
  Bigelow, co-designer of the Lucida type family, Dan Carr, type
  designer and punch cutter \dots~''
\end{quote}
\par}


\squashedsubsection{Fraktur German Gothic font}
                  {Daniel Taupin \\
                   \tt [email protected]}

\MF\ source of release 1.0 of Fraktur (German Gothic) fonts in {\tt
cm}/{\tt dm} and {\tt dc} layouts (German Gothic) is available at
\verb|rsovax.lps.u-psud.fr| in \verb|[anonymous.gothic.fraktur]|\ts.
These Fraktur fonts (now called {\tt cmfrak} and {\tt dcfrak}) were
generated by myself, using the 1990 designs of font {\tt yfrak} by
Yannis Haralambous.

Additions to Yannis' work include shifting umlauted letters to the
Cork positions, building umlauted versions for capitals and creating
non-German accented letters (to enable quoting foreign proper nouns,
for example), after moving the ligatures to some free places and
removing the ``small-e-umlaut'' variants.

The double-quote ligatures have also been removed, since they were not
compatible with {\tt german.sty}, which makes the quote character {\em
active\/}. Conversely, the {\tt s:} has been kept to yield the final
short {\em s}. Unfortunately, it is likely that this ligature will
inhibit the correct hyphenation of a word like {\em Ausgang} whose
internal {\em s} is typed with a final {\tt s}.

Complaints and suggestions about special letters are welcome ---
especially Icelandic or Central European --- and should be e-mailed to
{\tt [email protected].}\break {\tt u-psud.fr}\ts.


\subsection*{NTG's CD of 4All\TeX}

At the end of 1993 the \ntg\ (the Dutch-speaking \TeX\ users group)
released the package ``4All\TeX: A \TeX\ Workbench for {\small MS-DOS
PC}s'' on 31 discs. This June a {\small CD} will be released, on which
the most important \TeX- and \LaTeX-related packages are assembled,
including public domain system-independant software. This {\small
CD-ROM} should enable users to set up a 4All\TeX\ system with minimal
effort. The price of the {\small CD} plus booklet is set at Dfl.\
60,-- or US\$35. To order, contact your local user group, or the \ntg\
Secretary, P.O.\ Box 394, 1740 AJ, Schagen, The Netherlands, {\tt
[email protected]}. In the {\small UK}, contact Sebastian Rahtz ({\tt
[email protected]}). In North America, contact the \tug\ office (see
address, cover 2).


\subsection*{Where to announce new releases}

The mailing list {\tt [email protected]} is a good place to
look for announcements of new \TeX-related software.  To join, send
email to {\tt tex-archive-}\break {\tt [email protected]}. You may
recognise this site as that of a machine and a list maintained by
Nelson Beebe.

Occasionally other archive-related discussions take place, but traffic
is light.  (And please keep it that way; this is not an appropriate
place to ask questions about new releases, report bugs, etc.)  If you
yourself release \TeX-related software to the public, please do send
mail giving the details, so the various archive maintainers can spread
its availability. The list is archived; retrieve the files {\tt
/pub/tex/mail/tex-archive*.*} on {\tt ftp.math.utah.edu}.


\subsection*{New releases from Karl Berry ({\tt [email protected]})}

Karl has been very busy this spring! All his stuff can be ftp'd
directly from \verb|ftp.cs.umb.edu|, in the \verb|/pub/tex| subdirectory.

\begin{description}
  \item [web2c 6.1:] There's a new release, version 6.1,\footnote[1]{By
        the way, the new version number is 6.x because 5.8515 was
        just too many decimal points (also running out of characters
        on my system V file systems). --kb} of {\tt web2c}, a port of
        the basic \TeX\ project {\tt WEB} programs (\TeX, \MF, {\tt
        GFtoPK}, etc.)\ to {\small UNIX}. Subdirectory and files:
        \verb|pub/tex/{web,web2c}.tar.gz|; they should also be
        available from any of the \ctan\ sites in
        \verb|tex-archive/systems/web2c|. Send bug reports to
        \verb|[email protected]|; if you want support, or if you
        cannot ftp, he suggests contacting {\tt
        [email protected]}.

  \item [eplain 2.5:] For those who haven't previously heard of
        Eplain: it is a collection of macros intended to provide
        relatively low-level capabilities, regardless of how your
        document appears.  For example, it has macros to do symbolic
        cross-referencing, but not macros to produce a section
        heading.  It also has some definitions that make it easier to
        change the conventions of plain \TeX's output.  For example,
        it lets you produce left-justified math displays by simply
        saying \verb|\leftdisplays|\ts. Available in the file
        \verb|eplain.tar.gz|\ts.

  \item [kpathsea 1.8 {\rm and drivers}:] In early April, Karl
        announced the release of new versions of {\tt kpathsea}
        (version 1.8) and the drivers he's modified to use it: {\tt
        dvipsk} (version 5.55a, a modified version of Tom Rokicki's
        {\tt dvips}), {\tt dviljk} (version 1.1, modified version of
        Gustaf Neumann's {\tt dvi2xx} driver), and {\tt xdvik}
        (version 1.8, modified version of Paul Vojta's {\tt
        xdvi}). The new releases can be found in the files
        \verb|{xdvik,dvipsk,dviljk}.tar.gz|. As always, he thanks the
        many contributors and invites ``additions, criticisms, or
        other comments'' from the community.

  \item [fontname 1.6:] Finally, he announced a new version of his
        font naming scheme for \TeX\ fonts. The document is in
        Texinfo format, so you'll need the \TeX\ macros in the file
        {\tt texinfo.tex} to print it; he includes {\tt texinfo} in
        the distribution (it's also available in most {\small GNU}
        distributions). From the same ftp address as above, get the
        file \verb|fontname.tar.gz|, which also contains files
        showing the naming scheme applied to Adobe, Monotype,
        Computer Modern, and fonts from other sources.
\end{description}


\squashedsubsection{News from vendors}{Christina Thiele}

Lots of bits and pieces to report from various vendors, as they
continue to provide us with upgrades, enhancements, improvements, and
generally work hard to compete with all that public domain stuff!

\subsubsection{Micro Programs acquires Micro\TeX:}

In November 1993, Micro Programs of New York acquired Arbortext's line
of PC-based \TeX\ products, including Micro\TeX\ (by David Fuchs), the
{\small PREVIEW} screen previewer, and the {\small DVILASER} drivers
developed by Arbortext.
%
Micro Programs can be reached at 251 Jackie Ave., Syosset, NY 11791
USA. Phone: 516-921-1351; \fax: 516-921-1004.


\subsubsection{PC\TeX\ for Windows:}

Lance Carnes' {\small PTI} (Personal \TeX\ Inc.) has PC\TeX\ for
Windows, with the following attributes: ``graphical interface and
drop-down menu system incorporates Big PC\TeX/386, On-line Help, a
built-in 64K text editor, fully scalable Computer Modern TrueType
fonts (other TrueType fonts can also be used), plus {\small DVI}
screen preview and print utilities for any Windows 3.1 supported
monitor and printer.''
%
{\small PTI} can be reached at 12 Madrona Street, Mill Valley, CA
94941, USA. In North America: 1-800-808-7906, elsewhere: 415-388-8853;
\fax\ orders: 415-388-8865. Note that their e-mail address has
changed; it is now {\tt [email protected]}. Registered users also receive a
newsletter, {\sl PTI News}.

\subsubsection{Release 1.1 of Y\&Y's \TeX\ Package:}

Berthold Horn sent in an announcement that version 1.1 of Y\&Y's \TeX\
for the {\small IBM PC} was available. Lots of key attractions listed,
including the following points:

\begin{itemize} \itemsep=0pt
  \item Y\&Y\TeX\ --- first `dynamic' \TeX\ for IBM PC

  \item {\small DVIWI}ndo's new customizable `\TeX\ Menu' --- call
        any application

  \item {\small DVIPSONE} now {\em also\/} supports {\small TIFF}
        image insertion

  \item new integrated installation procedure
\end{itemize}
%
Y\&Y can be reached at 106 Indian Hill, Carlisle, MA 01741-1747, USA.
For North America: 1-800-742-4059; elsewhere: 508-371-3286.

\newpage


%% Column by Robert Becker: You Rang ...? (pp.12-14):

\Section{``You Rang $\ldots$ ?''}

\begin{flushright}
  Robert Becker \\
  Department of Mathematics, Room 2--332\\
  Massachusetts Institute of Technology\\
  77 Massachusetts Avenue\\
  Cambridge, MA~~02139--4307
\end{flushright}


\subsection*{The look of automatically-generated numbers}

Every kind of {\TeX} has a little memory box labeled ``page'', which
contains the current page number.  Each time {\TeX} typesets the page
number it has to know what the current value is, so it looks in the
box and sees what it is, just like you or I might do.  Well, this is
fine, but how does {\TeX} know how the page number is supposed to
look?  {\TeX} creates another box called ``thepage'' and {\em it\/}
contains the formatting details. Normally (there are exceptions), the
definition of the page number format is \verb+\rm\arabic{page}+.  The
\verb+\arabic+ command tells each form of {\TeX} to get the page
number stored in the ``page box'' and typeset it using arabic numerals
(1, 2, 3, etc.).  The \verb+\rm+ command typesets the 1, 2, etc.\ in
roman face, so our page numbers usually look like a roman 1, 2, etc.

How do I change the way the page number appears?  Change the
definition of \verb+\thepage+!

\medskip
\begin{tabular}{ll}
  In \LaTeX:     & \verb+\renewcommand{\thepage}{--\em\arabic{page}--}+ \\
  In plain \TeX: & \verb+\def\thepage{--\it\arabic{page}--}+ \\
\end{tabular}
\medskip

The same holds true for other automatically-generated things; equation
numbers, for example.  In {\LaTeX} each time we use a
\verb+\begin{equation} ...+ \verb+\end{equation}+ environment, we use
the {\tt equation} box (or counter).  When we use a \verb+\section+
command, the {\tt section} counter is used.  When we use a
\verb+\chapter+ command, the {\tt chapter} counter is used, and so on,
and so on.

Let's say we wanted our equation numbers to come out as
%
\begin{center}
\tt (chapter.section.equation)\qquad
\it i.e.,\/ \rm (5.4.22)
\end{center}
%
In {\LaTeX}, all we need to do is change the definition for the
``theequation'' box, like this:
%
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\equation}{%
         {(\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation})}}
\end{verbatim}
%
That does it!


\subsection*{{\tt report.sty}: breaking lines in the Table of Contents}

When {\LaTeX}ing the test file below, the word ``{\small
SEGMENTATION}'' is hyphenated to the next line in both the
\verb+\part+ and \verb+\subsection+ sections.

\begin{verbatim}
\documentstyle{report}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\part{THREE-D MOTION ESTIMATION AND SEGMENTATION}
\chapter{THREE-D MOTION ESTIMATION AND SEGMENTATION}
\section{THREE-D MOTION ESTIMATION AND SEGMENTATION}
\subsection{THREE-D MOTION ESTIMATION AND SEGMENTATION}
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}
%
Normally, to break to the next line we would use \verb+\\+.
Unfortunately, if this is put in the sectioning command {\LaTeX}
complains loudly.  This is because \verb+\\+ is a fragile command (see
Lamport, page~190) and fragile commands have to be ``protected''.
{\LaTeX} offers the \verb+\protect+ command to do this.  Here's how:
%
\begin{enumerate} \itemsep=-2pt
  \item [\empty] Insert
        \verb+\protect{\\}+ just before the word {\small
        SEGMENTATION}.
\end{enumerate}
%
This solves the hyphenation problem, but raises two more:
%
\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
\item When you {\LaTeX} the file,  you'll notice that {\small
   SEGMENTATION} breaks to the left margin on the ``part'' line in
   the {\tt .toc} file, making the part number hard to see; and
\item We need to make sure {\LaTeX} doesn't overwrite our
   changes the next time we typeset the file ({\LaTeX} re-writes
   the {\tt .toc} each time it's run on a file).
\end{itemize}
%
Here's what to do:
%
\begin{enumerate} \itemsep=-2pt
\item Leave the entire problem alone until the text is finished
     completely.

\item Add a \verb+\nofiles+ command to the preamble of the
     document.  This will prevent {\LaTeX} from re-writing the
     {\tt .toc} file (or any other file, for that matter).

\item In the first \verb+\contentsline+ command you see several
%
\begin{verbatim}
              \uppercase {i}\phspace {1em}
\end{verbatim}
%
  These commands add an ``I'' and a certain amount of horizontal
  space for visual effect.  On the line where {\small SEGMENTATION}
  appears we need to skip that amount of space, whatever it is.  To
  do this we use the \verb+\hphantom+ command from plain {\TeX}, and
  we do it this way:
%
\begin{verbatim}
              \hphantom{I\phspace{1em}}SEGMENTATION
\end{verbatim}

\newpage

  The \verb+\hphantom+ command does a ``horizontal phantom''
  typesetting of ``\verb+I\phspace{1em}+'': it doesn't print it, but
  it {\em does\/} leave the horizontal space (which is why it's a
  {\em phantom\/})!\footnote[1]{Ed.: Further to Robert's point
     about \verb|\phantom|, here's a small rule of thumb I find pretty
     handy. Maybe it's gimmicky but \dots
%
\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
  \item \verb|\llap| and \verb|\rlap| mean ``print it but don't
        measure it!'' (especially useful in tables)

  \item \verb|\phantom|, etc.\ means ``measure it but don't print it!''
\end{itemize}
}   %% end of \footnote
\end{enumerate}

Typeset the file again, and voil\`a! it works.


\subsection*{More about protecting ``fragile'' commands}

Generally, the only time a fragile command has to be protected is when
it's in a ``moving argument''.  What's that, you say?  Glad you asked.

A ``moving argument'' occurs when an argument gets put in more than
one place ({\em i.e.,\/} it ``moves''). For example, the argument of
a \verb+chapter+ command gets put not only in the text, but also in
the {\tt .toc} file, and maybe even the header of a page. Commands
that do this include sectioning commands and also the \verb+\caption+
command from the {\tt figure} and {\tt table} environments. (Remember
that there's a \verb+\listoffigures+ and a \verb+listoftables+
command.)

In these cases, \verb+\protect+ is used to protect fragile commands in
the moving argument.  For example, the \verb+\cite+ command is
fragile.  If you were to cite something in the caption of a figure,
you would do this:
%
\begin{verbatim}
 \caption{Example of science (see Janson, \protect{\cite{AFJ}}).}
\end{verbatim}

Another example of where \verb+\protect+ is useful is when one is
trying to create bold math symbols in a sectioning command.  The usage
is similar to the caption command above.  The \verb+\boldmath+ command
is fragile, and it's used this way:
%
\begin{verbatim}
    \section{\protect{\boldmath$\alpha$}}
\end{verbatim}

What if you have a mathematical expression with only one symbol bold
in your sectioning command (bad style, I know, but anything is
possible).  The expression might look like this:
%
\begin{verbatim}
    $f \times \mbox{\boldmath$\alpha$}$
\end{verbatim}
%
In this case, we protect {\em only} the boldmath'd material, as
follows:
%
\begin{verbatim}
    \section{$f \mbox{\protect{\boldmath$\alpha$}}$}
\end{verbatim}

The key here is that {\em you only protect the command that is
fragile, not the command that contains the fragile command\/}.

\newpage


%% Reports on Meetings (pp.15-17):

\Section{Reports on Meetings}

\vspace{-6pt}

\squashedsubsection{Nordic Group --- Nov.\ 1993 in Finland}
                  {Dag F.\ Langmyhr   \\
                   University of Oslo \\
                   \tt [email protected]}

The 1993 annual meeting of the {\small NTUG} (Nordic \TeX{} Users
Group) was held on Monday, November 29th, at the University of
Helsinki, Finland, and hosted by Martti Nikunen.  The following talks
were presented:

\begin{description}
  \item [Typesetting of multilingual documents:] Johannis Likos
        talked about the problems of typesetting text with non-Latin
        characters. The presentation focused on the use of
        Scholar\TeX, a package that makes it possible to typeset such
        documents using \TeX, created by Yannis Haralambous and
        commercially available for various platforms. It contains
        several alphabets, including Arabic, Hebrew, and polytonic
        Greek.

  \item [The \TeX{} multilingual effort:] Enn Saar (Estonia) gave a
        summary of the present status of this project, and
        particularly the {\small TWGMLC} (Technical Working Group on
        Multiple Language Coordination). At the \tug\ meeting last
        year in Aston, this group had formulated the contents of a
        minimal \TeX{} language package, and has since extensively
        discussed the subtleties of the future language-switching
        commands. Most languages will be able to use the Cork code
        table for output, but one of the most serious problems is how
        to incorporate into the packages the myriad of existing input
        encodings. The mechanisms proposed include filters, \TeX{}
        active characters and the \TeX{} codepage extension. Saar
        favoured the last as the most complete solution, although
        this does not belong to the standard \TeX.

  \item [\PS\ fonts for Scandinavian languages:] Dag F.~Langmyhr first
        told the history of the particular Scandinavian letters
%%
\message{WARNING: This item requires the DC fonts -- read these
        instructions!!}
%%
%%  Tactics: (a) replace the 3 chars in question as indicated, or
%%           (b) install/use the DC roman font dcr10.
%%
%% Tactic (a)
%%        i.  ^^f0 is the Icelandic letter ``eth''. Available in the
%%                 DC fonts, it is also available in the AMS symbols
%%                 font msbm10, under the name \eth (char. position
%%                 "67; charcode '167). If you have the wsuipa font
%%                 and the macro def'ns, use \eth (charcode '023).
%%       ii. << and >> are the French guillemets (``quotation
%%                 marks''). Approximations appeared in TTN 2,3:5--9.
%%                 Better still, consult _french.sty_ v3.25, by
%%                 Bernard Gaulle. Below, a hack is used, based on the
%%                 TTN article.
%%      iii.  ^^12 is the quotation mark '' set at baselineheight. The
%%                 command \raisebox{-1.35ex}[0.3ex][0.2ex]{''}
%%                 should approximate the effect.
%%
%%        To use this approach, uncomment the following lines:
%%
%%\def\LowerQuotes{{\raisebox{-1.35ex}[0.3ex][0.2ex]{''}}}
%%\font\Hack=lasy10
%%\def\Frenchopening{{\Hack\char'050\kern-.2em\char'050}}
%%\font\Makedo=msbm10 %% AMS symbols font
%%\def\Eth{{\Makedo\char'147}}
%%
%% NOTE: IF you have the WSUIPA fonts, uncomment the following for a
%%       slightly bolder-looking eth:
%%   \font\Makedo=wsuipa10
%%   \def\Eth{{\Makedo\char'023}}
%%         (e.g., \ae, \Eth\ and \"a) and quotation
%%         marks (e.g., \Frenchopening\ and  \LowerQuotes) in \TeX{} and
%%
%% Tactic (b) if you have the DC fonts installed, then uncomment the
%%            following 2 lines:
%%
\font\upgrade=dcr10
%%
(e.g., \ae, {\upgrade^^f0} and \"a) and quotation
marks (e.g.,{\upgrade <<} and {\upgrade^^12}) in \TeX{} and
        Computer Modern. The Cork encoding made all these characters
        available and made it possible to use the letters in
        hyphenation patterns.

        Using the Scandinavian characters in \PS\ fonts was also
        difficult for many years, until it became possible to specify
        an encoding vector to the {\small DVI}-to-\PS\ driver. The
        most important remaining problem is that \PS\ font metrics
        seldom give any kerning pairs for the Scandinavian
        characters. This issue has now been solved by Alan Jeffrey's
        package {\tt fontinst}, which creates kern pairs based on
        character similarity.
\end{description}
%
The final part of the meeting was spent discussing how to make it
easier for Scandinavian users to install and maintain an up-to-date
\TeX{}. It was decided to split the Nordic \TeX{} archive in two: one
in Finland for PC implementations, and the other in Sweden for {\small
UNIX} and Mac installations.

The next {\small NTUG} meeting will be held in Oslo on May 16th of
this year.


\subsection*{TUG'94 --- Santa Barbara, California \\
            31 July -- 4 August}

By now most of you will have received the pink flyer with preliminary
information on the conference: the presentations are outlined on the
next page, the courses are listed on p.\ 26. Some points to highlight
include:

\begin{enumerate}
  \item The conference and accommodation fees cover the period from
        {\bf Saturday evening} (30 July) to {\bf Thursday afternoon}
        (4 August).

  \item {\bf Registration} begins on Saturday; the {\bf Reception}
        will be held that evening.

  \item The {\bf Banquet} is {\em included\/} in the accommodations
        fee (for those staying off-campus there will be a \$35
        charge).

  \item {\bf News Flash!} There will be a one-day registration fee of
        100.00 (can only be used once).
\end{enumerate}


\subsubsection{Bursary Fund:}

This will be the second year for \tug's Bursary Fund. Although some
funds were left over from last year, we are taking this opportunity to
let the membership know that the current Bursary Committee will be
inviting all \tug\ members to consider contributing to the fund.
\tug'94 registration forms will provide a space for donations; if you
are unable to attend, but would still like to contribute to the fund,
you may do so by contacting the \tug\ office directly for more
information. The Bursary Committee comprises Bernard Gaulle and Norman
Naugle, with Christina Thiele as liaison to the board.

The bursary fund is intended to provide financial assistance to cover
travel and/or expenses to attend the upcoming \tug\ meeting in Santa
Barbara. The fund is not focused on any specific geographic region;
rather, the fund is for those who demonstrate reasonable need, and/or
have never attended a \tug\ meeting before.

If you wish to apply for a bursary, kindly send a letter to Bernard
Gaulle, chair of the Bursary Committee, providing details of your
requirements, including precise costs where possible. Bernard Gaulle,
4, avenue Cadoux-Girault, F-92270 Bois-Coulombes, France; e-mail: {\tt
[email protected]}.

\newpage


\twocolumn[
\subsection*{Preliminary outline program}

\vspace{6pt}
]

\subsubsection{Sunday July 30th: \\ [2pt]
  \sl Publishing, languages, literature and fonts}

\font\slbx=cmbxsl10 scaled 913

{\small \baselineskip=11pt \raggedright
\begin{list}{$\triangleright$}{\itemsep=1pt\leftmargin=10pt
                              \itemindent=0pt}

\item Glenn Reid: {\sl Reflections}

\item Frank Mittelbach: {\sl Real Life Book Production}
%% --- lessons learned from {\em The \LaTeX\ Companion}}

\item Yannis Haralambous: {\sl Typesetting the Holy Bible in Hebrew,
     with \TeX}

\item Basil Malyshev: {\sl Automatic Conversion of {\slbx METAFONT}
     Fonts to Type1 \PS}

\item Alan Jeffrey: {\sl \PS\ Font Support in \LaTeXe}

\item Y.\ Haralambous: {\sl An Indic \TeX\ Preprocessor ---
     Sinhalese \TeX}

\item Michel Cohen: {\sl Zebrackets: A meta{\slbx METAFONT}}
\end{list}


\subsubsection{Monday August 1st: \\ [2pt]
  \sl Colour and \LaTeX}

\begin{list}{$\triangleright$}{\itemsep=1pt\leftmargin=10pt
                              \itemindent=0pt}

\item Leslie Lamport: {\sl Looking Back At, And Forward From, \LaTeX}

\item Tom Rokicki: {\sl Advanced `Special' Support in a {\tt dvi}
     Driver}

\item Timothy van Zandt and Denis Girou: {\sl An Introduction to
     PStricks}

\item Sebastian Rahtz and Michel Goossens: {\sl Simple Colour Design
     in \TeX}

\item Michael Sofka: {\sl Color Book Production Using \TeX}

\item James Hafner: {\sl The (Pre)History of Color in Rokicki's {\tt
     dvips}}

\item Friedhelm Sowa: {\sl Printing Colour Pictures}

\item Angus Duggan: {\sl Colour Separation and \PS}

\item Jon Stenerson: {\sl A \LaTeX\ Style File Generator}

\item Johannes Braams: {\sl Document Classes and Packages in \LaTeXe}
\end{list}


\subsubsection{Tuesday August 2nd: \\ [2pt]
  \sl \TeX\ Tools}

\begin{list}{$\triangleright$}{\itemsep=1pt\leftmargin=10pt
                              \itemindent=0pt}

\item Oren Patashnik: {\sl \BibTeX\ 1.0}

\item Minato Kawaguti and Norio Kitajima: {\sl Concurrent Use of
     Interactive \TeX\ Previewer with an Emacs-type Editor}

\item Y.\ Haralambous: {\sl Humanist}

\item Pierre Mackay: {\sl A Typesetter's Toolkit}

\item Jean-luc Doumont: {\sl Pascal Pretty-printing: An Example of
     ``Preprocessing within \TeX''}

\item Michael P.\ Barnett and Kevin R.\ Perry: {\sl Symbolic
     Computation for Electronic Publishing}

\item Norm Walsh: {\sl A World Wide Web Interface to CTAN}
\end{list}


\subsubsection{Wednesday August 3rd: \\ [2pt]
  \sl Futures}

\begin{list}{$\triangleright$}{\itemsep=1pt\leftmargin=10pt
                              \itemindent=0pt}

\item Chris Rowley and F.\ Mittelbach: {\sl The Floating World}

\item Joachim Schrod: {\sl Towards Interactivity for \TeX}

\item Arthur Ogawa: {\sl Object-oriented Programming, Descriptive
     Markup, and \TeX}

\item William Erik Baxter: {\sl An Object-oriented Programming System
     in \TeX}

\item John Plaice: {\sl Progress in the Omega Project}

\item Philip Taylor: {\sl e-\TeX\ \& NTS: A Progress Report}

\item Jonathan Fine: {\sl Documents, Compuscripts, Programs and
     Macros}

\item George Greenwade: {\sl \TeX\ as a Commodity}
\end{list}


\subsubsection{Thursday August 4th: \\ [2pt]
  \sl Publishing and design}

\begin{list}{$\triangleright$}{\itemsep=1pt\leftmargin=10pt
                              \itemindent=0pt}

\item Maurice Laugier and Y.\ Haralambous: {\sl \TeX\ Innovations
     by the Louis-Jean Printing House}

\item Michael Downes: {\sl Design by Template in a Production Macro
     Package}

\item Gabriel Valiente Feruglio: {\sl Macro Packages for Typesetting
     Commutative Diagrams}

\item Alan Hoenig: {\sl Less is More: Restricting \TeX's Scope Enables
     Complex Page Layouts}

\item Don Hosek: {\sl Sophisticated Page Layout with \TeX}

\item Henry Baragar and Gail E.\ Harris: {\sl An Example of a Special
     Purpose Input Language to \LaTeX}

\item Marko Grobelnik, Dunja Mladeni\'{c}, Darko Zupani\v{c} and Borut
     \v{Z}nidar: {\sl Integrated System for Encyclopaedia Typesetting
     Based on \TeX}

\item Y.\ Haralambous and J.\ Plaice: {\sl First Applications of
     ${\it\Omega}$: Adobe Poetica, Arabic, Greek, Khmer}
\end{list}

\newpage


\subsubsection{Posters, workshops and discussion sessions}

\begin{enumerate}
\item The TUG WWW Server (Peter Flynn)
\item Accessing CTAN (N.\ Walsh)
\item Practical Indexing (Nelson Beebe)
\item \TeX\ and Linguistics (Christina Thiele)
\item \TeX\ and Humanities Journals (C.\ Thiele)
\item Database Publishing (M.\ Grobelnik)
\item Floats (David Salomon)
\item Adobe Acrobat and Related Technologies (S.\ Rahtz)
\item Standards for Colour Drivers (T.\ Rokicki)
\end{enumerate}
}

\vspace{12pc}

\hspace{-6.5cm}
  \begin{tabular}{||ll||}
     \multicolumn{2}{c}{\Large\bf INNOVATIONS!} \\ [1pc]
     \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\bf TUG 15th Anniversary Meeting} \\ [6pt]
     \hline
        \mbox{} &                 \\ [-8pt]
        Where?  & Santa Barbara, California (west northwest of Los
                  Angeles) \\ [2pt]
        When?   & July 31 to August 4 (with courses before/after these
                  dates) \\ [2pt]
        Who?    & Everyone interested in \TeX, \LaTeX, and \MF! \\ [2pt]
     \hline
   \end{tabular}

\onecolumn


\subsection*{Euro\TeX '94 --- Sobieszewo, Poland \\
            26--30 Sept.}

Euro\TeX '94 will take place at Sobieszewo on an idyllic island off
the coast of Gdansk in Poland.  The conference will run from Monday to
Friday, 26--30 Sept., and the {\em maximum} cost (two people sharing)
will not exceed \$260.00/\pounds 175.00/DM 450.00.  Those arriving
early on Monday will be able to take part in a guided tour of the old
town of Gdansk, whilst Tuesday to Thursday will be jam-packed with
talks and tutorials on \TeX\ and related topics.

Delegates will stay in a single building, cut off from civilisation
for a whole week: no distractions, no need to leave the island ---
everything will be provided.  For those unable to sustain the pace,
quiet meditative walks along the shore searching for amber will
provide the ideal opportunity for therapeutic meditation.

Early registration for the conference is advised: with its Central
European location and idyllic setting, the conference is expected to
attract many delegates. If you are even {\em thinking\/} of coming,
then you are urged to contact us to be added to the mailing list.

\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{ll}
     Provisional registration: &  1 June  (no charge for cancellation) \\
     Confirmed registration:   &  1 Sept. (cancellation charged at 50\%) \\
     Late registration:        & 15 Sept. (no cancellation possible) \\
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\subsubsection{Bursaries:}

As with Euro\TeX '92 and the \tug\ meeting at Aston last year, it is
hoped to be able to offer financial assistance to delegates who would
otherwise be unable to attend; of course, we cannot be sure at this
stage that sponsors will be as generous as in the past, but intending
delegates who will need assistance in order to be able to attend
should indicate in the space provided the {\em minimum\/} bursary
which would allow them to be able to attend, and should give clear
reasons why they are applying.  All applications will be treated in
the strictest confidence.  Delegates who are in no need of a bursary
and who are able to assist others less fortunate are urged to pledge a
donation.

\subsubsection{Tutorials and Courses:}

It is intended to offer both tutorials (which will take place during
the week of the conference proper), and courses (which will take place
during the week following the conference); proposed topics include
book design and \LaTeXe, but no firm decisions have yet been taken on
topics, durations or costs.  Further details concerning this area will
be circulated as soon as they are known.

\subsubsection{Correspondence:}

Sent queries to Euro\TeX '94 Conference Organisers, c/o W{\l}odek
Bzyl, Department of Mathematics, University of Gdansk, Poland; e-mail:
W{\l}odek Bzyl at {\tt [email protected]}

\newpage


%% Board Activities (pp.17-23):

\Section{TUG Board Activities}


\squashedsubsection{New officers}{Christina Thiele \\
                                   President}

The board has elected new officers to take the place of outgoing
Vice-President Ken Dreyhaupt and Treasurer Bill Woolf. The new faces
are, respectively, Michel Goossens and George Greenwade. I would like
to take this opportunity to thank Ken and Bill for their work for
\tug, and I also welcome the arrival of Michel and George. Peter Flynn
continues as Secretary.



\squashedsubsection{$\bullet$ Conference Planning Committee}
                  {Jackie Damrau, Chair}

\noindent The Conference Planning Committee (CPC) has completed its
search for new committee members---Michael Doob and Walter
Obermiller---to replace outgoing member Mimi Jett.

We are actively working on a draft of Conference Guidelines that will
help in organizing future conferences.  A large thank-you goes to
Peter Flynn and Christina Thiele for their excellent work on the first
draft.  We do have plans to make it available on a {\small WWW} in the
future.

Ongoing committee activities include getting tentative meeting sites
lined up for 1996 (for Europe) and 1997 (for the North American West
Coast), and of course, beyond. If you would like more information,
please contact the CPC at: {\tt [email protected]}\ .

\vspace{2pc}

\begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
  \begin{tabular}{||c||}
     \multicolumn{1}{c}{\large\bf Next Board Meeting} \\ [4pt]
  \hline
      29--30 July, at \tug94 \\
      University of Santa Barbara, California \\
   \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\vfill

\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule

\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{||ll||}
     \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\bf 1994 TTN Schedule for Submissions} \\ [4pt]
     \hline
        \mbox{\hspace{3.75cm}} &                 \\ [-8pt]
        \qquad July issue         & \quad \bf June 1st   \\
        \qquad Oct.\ issue        & \quad \bf Sept.\ 1st \\
        \qquad Jan.\ issue (1995) & \quad \bf Dec.\ 1st  \\ %% [2pt]
     \hline
        \multicolumn{2}{l}{\empty}                \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule

\newpage


%% TUG Courses for 1993/1994 (p.24):

\Section{\Large\bf \TeX\ Users Group \\
         1994 Course Schedule}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{||lll||}
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\Large\bf Courses at the Annual Meeting} \\ [6pt]
\hline \hline
\noalign{\vskip2pt}
\bf 26--29 July & Intensive Course in \LaTeX & Malcolm Clark \\ [2pt]
\bf 27--29 July & Doing More with \LaTeX     & Michael Goossens \\
               &                            & Frank Mittelbach \\ [2pt]
\bf 5--7 August & Typography                 & Peter Flynn \\ [2pt]
\bf 5--7 August & \PS\ and Graphics          & Sebastian Rahtz \\
               &                            & Michel Goossens \\ [2pt]
\bf 8--11 August & Beginning/Intermediate \TeX & To be announced \\ [2pt]
\bf 8--11 August & Advanced \TeX             & To be announced \\ [2pt]
\hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\vspace{1pc}

\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{llll}
%\cline{2-3}
%\noalign{\vskip2pt}
%\cline{2-3}
%\noalign{\vskip6pt}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Beginning/Intermediate \TeX*}
            & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Intensive Course in \LaTeX*} \\
\quad Santa Barbara & Oct.\ 17--21
            & \quad Santa Barbara & Oct.\ 24--28 \\ [6pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip2pt}
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip2pt}
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\footnotesize
                  *Lab classes --- computers will be provided for
                   all students} \\ [6pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip2pt}
\cline{2-3}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{itemize} \itemsep=0pt
  \item \tug\ courses are small, with 8--15 students in most classes.

  \item Dates and locations subject to change. Direct course
        inquiries to John Berlin at the \tug\ Office. Anyone
        interested in courses dealing with \TeX\ and {\small SGML}
        should contact John as well ({\tt [email protected]}).

  \item \tug\ office: phone 805-963-1338\quad
                      \fax\ 805-963-8358\quad
                      {\tt [email protected]}
\end{itemize}

\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule

\vspace{1pc}

\begin{center}
  \large\bf On-Site \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ Courses from \TUG\
\end{center}

\begin{itemize}  \itemsep=0pt
  \item Courses in \TeX{}, \LaTeX{}, {\small SGML} and \TeX,
        \PS, or \TeX{} for Publishers tailored to the needs of
        your group

  \item Courses at every level from beginning to advanced

  \item Five full days of instruction at your site

  \item One-week course fee includes all instructor fees and expenses
        plus textbooks and other materials for up to 15 students
\end{itemize}

\newpage


%% Upcoming Events (p.25):

\Section{Upcoming Events}

\begin{center}
{\tabcolsep4pt \setbox 0 = \hbox {\bf Spring 1994}
\dimen 0 = \hsize
\advance \dimen 0 by -6\tabcolsep
\advance \dimen 0 by -\wd 0
\advance \dimen 0 by -4.5 cm
\begin{tabular}{p{\wd 0}p{4.5cm}p{\dimen 0}}
\hline
\hline
\bf 30 April--\nl
    2 May     & {\small\bf GUST}: ``Bacho\TeX '94''\nl
                2nd General Meeting of the\nl
                Polish \TeX\ Users Group,\nl
                Bachotek (Brodnica Lake\nl
                District), Poland.
                     & Hanna Ko{\l}odziejska, \nl
                       International Computers Ltd.\ Poland,
                       ul.\ Leszno 21, 01-199 Warszawa,
                       Poland \nl
                       {\tt [email protected]} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 16 May     & {\small\bf NTUG} (Nordic Group): \nl
                Oslo, Norway.
                     & Dag F.\ Langmyhr \nl
                       {\tt [email protected]} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 20 May     & {\bf The Goudy Center}:\nl
                ``Starting Your  %% 1-day course
                Own Publication'' (with Frank Romano).\nl
                Rochester, NY.
                      & Margaret von Koschembahr\nl
                        Phone: (716) 475-2052 \nl
                        \fax:  (716) 475-7029 \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 2 June     & {\small\bf GUTenberg}:\nl
                \LaTeXe\ (with Goossens and Mittelbach);
                \GUTenberg\ annual general meeting.\nl
                Paris, France.
                      & (331) 30 87 06 25 \nl
                        {\tt tresorerie-gutenberg@ens\rlap{.fr}} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 8--10 June  & {\small\bf SSP} 16th Annual Meeting:\nl
                 ``Reshaping the Information Marketplace''.\nl
                 San Francisco, California.
                      & Phone: (303) 422-3914\nl
                        \fax: (303) 422-8894\nl
                        {\tt [email protected]} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 9--10 June & {\small\bf NTG} 13th Meeting:\nl
                ``{\rm \AllTeX}, \MF, and\nl tools education.''\nl
                Groningen, the Netherlands.
                      & Gerard van Nes\nl
                        {\tt [email protected]} \\
%\noalign{\vskip4pt}
%\hline
%\noalign{\vskip4pt}
%\bf 6--8 July  & {\bf Universit\'e de Rouen}:\nl
%                 National Colloquium on\nl
%                 Writing and Documentation,\nl
%                 Rouen, France.
%                       & Jacques Labiche \nl
%                         {\tt [email protected]\rlap{.fr}} \\
\noalign{\vskip8pt}
\hline \hline \hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 31 July--\nl
    4 Aug.    & {\small\bf TUG\ts'94}:\nl
                15th Annual Meeting,\nl
                Santa Barbara, California.
                      & Debbie Ceder \nl
                        {\tt [email protected]} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline \hline \hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 26--30 Sept.
              & {\bf Euro\TeX'94}:\nl
                Sobieszewo, Poland.
                      & W{\l}odek Bzyl\nl
                        {\tt [email protected]} \\
%% 12 APR 94: No room in this issue. Insert them into the July issue
%%            of TTN (Ch.)
%\noalign{\vskip4pt}
%\hline
%\noalign{\vskip4pt}
%\bf 17 Nov.    & {\small\bf NTG} 14th Meeting:\nl
%                 ``Publishing with \AllTeX''.\nl
%                 Antwerp, Belgium.
%                       & Details not yet avail. \\
%\noalign{\vskip4pt}
%\hline
%\noalign{\vskip4pt}
%\bf May 1995  & {\small\bf NTG} 15th Meeting:\nl
%                 ``Multimedia and \AllTeX''.\nl
%                 TU Twente, The Netherlands.
%                       & Details not yet avail. \\
\noalign{\vskip8pt}
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\end{center}

%\vspace{.5pc}
%
%\noindent {\bf Note}: Also consult the ``Calendar'' in the previous
%issue of \TUB\ for more dates and details.

\newpage


%% Page 28:

\Section{Fun and Games}

\squashedsubsection{Teaser}{Malcolm Clark \\
                           Christina Thiele}

Malcolm and I ran this little teaser in the last issue of \ttn\
(3,1:14): ``What's special about this sentence?'' The answer? Put it
all into caps, and then change the font, and \dots\ voil\`a!

\begin{center}
   {\manual NO\ MEAN\ FEAT\ OFTEN\ MEANT\ FAME\ TO\ TEAM\ MEN\ ON\ A\ FOAM\ MAT\rm.}
\end{center}
%
The first three answers received were from: Jacques Andr\'e (France),
Ulrik Vieth (Germany), and Martyn Johnson (UK). Honourable mentions go
to Katherine Butterfield (California) and Ed Baker (Massachussetts).

But that was, as we said, just a teaser. Now go on to the next stage!


\subsection*{Tester}

The task: Create the longest sentence possible using the letters in
``\MF''. It {\em does\/} have to be a (semi-)plausible sentence. The
rules:
%
\begin{enumerate} \itemsep=0pt
  \item You may use any letter as many times as you wish to form a
        word.

  \item You may not use the same word more than once in the sentence.

  \item Sentences may be created in any language: diacriticals are
        not required. If the sentence is not in English, a
        translation must be supplied.

  \item The words should be able to be verified by reference to an
        authoritative language dictionary (e.g.\ {\sl OED} for English,
        {\sl Langenscheidt\/} for German, {\sl Larousse} for French).

  \item Only one entry per person.

  \item Deadline for submissions: {\bf June 15, 1994}, via e-mail to
        {\tt cthiele@ccs.}\break {\tt carleton.ca} or snail mail to
        Christina Thiele, 5 Homestead Street, Nepean, Ont.\ K2E 7N9
        Canada.
\end{enumerate}

This time, the {\em best\/} three will be selected, each in a
different language (choosing the first three answers turns out to be a
bit unfair --- you're at the mercy of your postal service!). To the
esteemed panel of judges (Malcolm and myself), we've added Berthold
and Blenda Horn. Good luck --- and start creating!

\newpage


%% Cover 3 (Table of Contents):

\thispagestyle{empty}

{\vsize=47pc \baselineskip=11.75pt
\mbox{\empty}
\vspace{-4pc}
\begin{center}
  {\Sectionfont \TeX{} and TUG NEWS\\
   \medskip
                 Table of Contents}
\end{center}

\contentsline {section}{{\it Editorial}}{1}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{Typographer's Inn \\
              \indent {\em Peter Flynn}}{3}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{New Publications \\
              \indent {\em Peter Schmitt}}{6}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{``Hey --- it works!''\\
              \indent {\em Jeremy Gibbons}}{}
\contentsline {subsection}{\qquad\quad\ts Non-nested braces
                          \quad {\em Donald Arseneau}}{8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\qquad\quad\ts Overlaying symbols
                          \quad {\em Jeremy Gibbons}}{10}
\contentsline {subsection}{\qquad\quad\ts Making tables by iteration
                          \quad {\em Navindra Gambhir}}{12}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{\AllTeX\ News \\
              \indent \hskip-4pt \TUB\ tables of contents on-line \\
              \indent \qquad {\em Barbara Beeton}}{13}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad German node of \ctan\ has moved \\
                          \qquad {\em Rainer Sch\"opf}}{13}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad Announcing a new publication: {\sl
                                Serif}}{14}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad Fraktur German Gothic font\\
                          \qquad {\em Daniel Taupin}}{14}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad \ntg's {\small CD} of 4All\TeX}{14}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad Where to announce new releases}{15}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad New releases from Karl Berry}{15}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad News from vendors \\
                          \qquad {\em Christina Thiele}}{16}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{``You Rang \dots\ ?''\\
              \indent {\em Robert Becker}}{}
\contentsline {subsection}{\qquad\quad\ts The look of
                          automatically-generated numbers}{17}
\contentsline {subsection}{\qquad\quad\ts {\tt report.sty}: breaking
                          lines in the Table of Contents}{18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\qquad\quad\ts More about protecting
                          ``fragile'' commands}{19}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{Reports on Meetings \\
              \indent Nordic Group --- Nov.\ 1993 in Finland}{20}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace \tug'94 --- July in
                           California}{21}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace Euro\TeX'94 --- Sept.\ in
                           Poland}{24}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{\tug\ Board Activities \\
              \indent New officers}{25}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace Conference Planning Committee}{25}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{\TUG\ 1994 Course Schedule}{26}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{Upcoming Events}{27}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{Fun and Games}{28}

\vspace{.5pc}

\begin{center}
  \bf Volume 3, No.\ 2, 1994
\end{center}
\par}

\newpage

%% Cover 4 (TUG'94 promo):

\thispagestyle{empty}

\noindent {\large\bf July 31--August 4, 1994 \hfill
                    \TeX\ Users Group}
\vspace{1.5pc}

\begin{center}
   \Large\bf Innovations! \\
   \vspace{1pc}
   \Large\bf TUG'94 in Santa Barbara
\end{center}

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent We would like to take this opportunity to elaborate on what
we have scheduled as social events for the conference this year. The
conference will open with registration on Saturday and that evening
there will be a reception in the Residence Hall.  This will be a good
time to say hello to old friends and possibly meet new ones. Sunday
will see the ever-popular night of bowling.

For those staying on campus, Monday evening's dinner will be a
barbeque on one of the beaches surrounding the campus. Tuesday
afternoon will be open for exploring Santa Barbara, sightseeing in the
Santa Barbara Channel aboard one of the charter boats, or a trip to a
local winery for a tasting experience. That evening we will all meet
at the Red Dog Saloon for a romping good time of country and western
music and dance.

The banquet will take place outdoors on Wednesday evening in the
courtyard of Santa Rosa Residence Hall. The cost of the barbeque and
the banquet are part of the room and board fees for those staying on
campus.  If you choose to stay off-campus and wish to take part in
these activities, please contact the \tug\ office for the additional
charge.

We at the \tug\ office want this year's conference to be the most
memorable to date and are striving to make it as entertaining for all
as possible.  Santa Barbara is a beautiful setting and we hope your
stay with us will be a pleasant one.

\vspace{3pc}

\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{||ll||}
     \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\bf TUG 15th Anniversary Meeting} \\ [6pt]
     \hline
        \mbox{}    &                 \\ [-8pt]
        \bf Where? & Santa Barbara, California (west northwest of Los
                     Angeles) \\ [2pt]
        \bf When?  & July 31 to August 4 (with courses before/after these
                     dates) \\ [2pt]
       \bf  Who?   & Everyone interested in \TeX, \LaTeX, and \MF! \\ [2pt]
     \hline
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
  See pp.\ 21--23 for more details on the meeting.
\end{center}

\end{document}

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