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3.941 E F0(,)A F1<ad69>3.941 E F0(,)A F1<ad73>3.941 E F0 3.941(,o)C(r)
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E .362(opens this \214le and sa)108 141.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.862(si).15 G
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(guments are placed in the)-.18 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gv)-.1 E F0(shell v)2.5 E
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108 223.2 S .215(ogin shell be)-2.715 F .215(gins by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
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(/etc/csh.cshr)2.716 E(c)-.37 E F0(and)2.716 E F2(/etc/csh.lo)2.716 E
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(ariable. \(+\))-.25 E(Non-login shells read only)108 300 Q F2
(/etc/csh.cshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(~/.tcshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0
(or)2.5 E F2(~/.cshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(on startup.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108
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F2(http://tcshr)2.5 E(c.sour)-.37 E(cefor)-.37 E -.1(ge)-.37 G(.net)-.05
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(\(1\), which need be run only once per login, usually go in one')B(s)
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f the shell to process \214les containing command scripts are described\
later)-.18 F 2.878(.\) The)-.55 F .351
(shell repeatedly reads a line of command input, breaks it into w)108
422.4 R .35(ords, places it on the command history list,)-.1 F
(parses it and e)108 434.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutes each command in the line.).15 E .809(One can log out by typing `\
^D' on an empty line, `logout' or `login' or via the shell')108 451.2 R
3.31(sa)-.55 G .81(utologout mecha-)-3.31 F .558(nism \(see the)108
463.2 R F1(autologout)3.058 E F0 .558(shell v)3.058 F 3.058
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(gout)-.1 E F0(and)2.591 E F2(~/.lo)2.591 E(gout)-.1 E F0(.)A
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(The names of the system login and logout \214les v)108 504 R .328
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(Command-line input can be edited using k)108 609.6 R .557 -.15(ey s)-.1
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(ords, to speed typing and pro)-.1 F .388
(vide a visual indicator of successful completion.)-.15 F(The)108 307.2
Q F2(addsuf\214x)3.011 E F0 .511(shell v)3.011 F .511
(ariable can be unset to pre)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .511(nt this.\)).15 F
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(ord is already complete \(perhaps there is a `/usr/lost' on your)-.1 F
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(ar ahead and typed the whole thing\) a `/' or space is added to the)-.1
F(end if it isn')108 343.2 Q 2.5(ta)-.18 G(lready there.)-2.5 E .219
(Completion w)108 360 R .219(orks an)-.1 F .219
(ywhere in the line, not at just the end; completed te)-.15 F .219
(xt pushes the rest of the line to the)-.15 F 2.878(right. Completion)
108 372 R .378(in the middle of a w)2.878 F .378
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(haracters to the right of the cursor that)-2.878 F(need to be deleted.)
108 384 Q .786(Commands and v)108 400.8 R .787
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-.1 E .278(complete `em' to `emacs' if)108 412.8 R F1(emacs)2.778 E F0
277(were the only command on your system be)2.778 F .277
(ginning with `em'.)-.15 F(Comple-)5.277 E .082
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242(fer to determine whether the w)-.25 F .242(ord you w)-.1 F .241
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(as a \214lename, command or v)108 465.6 R 3.088(ariable. The)-.25 F
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(fer and the \214rst w)-.25 F .588(ord follo)-.1 F .588
(wing `;', `|', `|&',)-.25 F 1.27
(`&&' or `||' is considered to be a command.)108 477.6 R 3.77(Aw)6.27 G
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(ariable.)-.25 E(An)108 489.6 Q(ything else is a \214lename.)-.15 E
(An empty line is `completed' as a \214lename.)5 E -1.1(Yo)108 506.4 S
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(eof)108 518.4 Q F0 .469(editor command.)2.969 F .469
(The shell lists the possible completions using the)5.469 F F1(ls\255F)
2.969 E F0 -.2(bu)2.969 G .468(iltin \(q.v).2 F 2.968(.\) and)-.65 F
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108 530.4 Q(xample:)-.15 E 2.5(>l)128 547.2 S 2.5(s/)-2.5 G(usr/l[^D])
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(one of the related editor commands that do or don')108 271.2 R 3.04(td)
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(Consider the follo)5.266 F(w-)-.25 E(ing:)108 352.8 Q 2.5(>l)128 369.6
S(s)-2.5 E(Mak)128 381.6 Q 17.5(e\214le condiments.h~)-.1 F 22.5
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(condiments.h main.c~)128 405.6 R 2.5(>s)128 417.6 S
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(`main.c~' and `main.o' are ignored by completion \(b)108 482.4 R .464
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(.)A 1.054(Note that a `\\' w)108 494.4 R 1.054
(as needed in front of `~' to pre)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.054
(nt it from being e).15 F 1.054(xpanded to)-.15 F F2(home)3.554 E F0
1.054(as described under)3.554 F F2(Filename substitution)108 506.4 Q F0
(.)A F2(\214gnor)5 E(e)-.18 E F0
(is ignored if only one completion is possible.)2.5 E 1.5(If the)108
523.2 R F2(complete)4 E F0 1.5(shell v)4 F 1.501(ariable is set to `enh\
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-.05(hy)108 535.2 S .433(phens and underscores \(`.).05 F .433
(', `\255' and `_'\) to be w)-.7 F .432(ord separators and h)-.1 F .432
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547.2 R(you had the follo)2.5 E(wing \214les)-.25 E 12.5
(comp.lang.c comp.lang.perl)128 564 R(comp.std.c++)7.5 E 7.5
(comp.lang.c++ comp.std.c)128 576 R 2.977
(and typed `mail \255f c.l.c[tab]', it w)108 592.8 R 2.978
(ould be completed to `mail \255f comp.lang.c', and ^D w)-.1 F 2.978
(ould list)-.1 F .726(`comp.lang.c' and `comp.lang.c++'.)108 604.8 R
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(ould list `comp.lang.c++' and `comp.std.c++'.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 616.8 S
(ping `rm a\255\255\214le[^D]' in the follo).8 E(wing directory)-.25 E
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(yphenated-\214le another_silly_\214le)-.05 F -.1(wo)108 650.4 S 1.422
(uld list all three \214les, because case is ignored and h).1 F 1.423
(yphens and underscores are equi)-.05 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.923
(lent. Periods,).25 F(ho)108 662.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .8 -.4
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(to a list of directories and/or patterns that match directories to pre)
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(can be set to limit the number of items and ro)3.772 F(ws)-.25 E
(\(respecti)108 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .275
(ly\) that are listed without asking \214rst.).15 F F1 -.18(re)5.275 G
(cognize_only_executables).18 E F0 .275(can be set to mak)2.775 F 2.775
(et)-.1 G .275(he shell)-2.775 F(list only e)108 254.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutables when listing commands, b).15 E(ut it is quite slo)-.2 E -.65
(w.)-.25 G(Finally)108 271.2 Q 3.065(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.065 E F2(complete)
3.065 E F0 -.2(bu)3.065 G .565
(iltin command can be used to tell the shell ho).2 F 3.066(wt)-.25 G
3.066(oc)-3.066 G .566(omplete w)-3.066 F .566(ords other than \214le-)
-.1 F .27(names, commands and v)108 283.2 R 2.77(ariables. Completion)
-.25 F .269(and listing do not w)2.769 F .269
(ork on glob-patterns \(see)-.1 F F1 .269(Filename sub-)2.769 F
(stitution)108 295.2 Q F0 1.055(\), b)B 1.055(ut the)-.2 F F2(list-glob)
3.556 E F0(and)3.556 E F2 -.2(ex)3.556 G(pand-glob).2 E F0 1.056
(editor commands perform equi)3.556 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.056
(lent functions for glob-pat-).25 F(terns.)108 307.2 Q F1(Spelling corr)
87 324 Q(ection \(+\))-.18 E F0 .649(The shell can sometimes correct th\
e spelling of \214lenames, commands and v)108 336 R .648
(ariable names as well as com-)-.25 F(pleting and listing them.)108 348
Q(Indi)108 364.8 Q .396(vidual w)-.25 F .396
(ords can be spelling-corrected with the)-.1 F F2(spell-wor)2.896 E(d)
-.37 E F0 .397(editor command \(usually bound to M-s and)2.896 F .518
(M-S\) and the entire input b)108 376.8 R(uf)-.2 E .518(fer with)-.25 F
F2(spell-line)3.018 E F0 .518(\(usually bound to M-$\).)3.018 F(The)
5.517 E F1(corr)3.017 E(ect)-.18 E F0 .517(shell v)3.017 F .517
(ariable can be)-.25 F .702(set to `cmd' to correct the command name or\
`all' to correct the entire line each time return is typed, and)108
388.8 R F1(autocorr)108 400.8 Q(ect)-.18 E F0
(can be set to correct the w)2.5 E
(ord to be completed before each completion attempt.)-.1 E .21
(When spelling correction is in)108 417.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.71(di).1 G 2.71(na)-2.71 G .51 -.15(ny o)-2.71 H 2.71(ft).15 G .21
(hese w)-2.71 F .21(ays and the shell thinks that an)-.1 F 2.71(yp)-.15
G .21(art of the command)-2.71 F
(line is misspelled, it prompts with the corrected line:)108 429.6 Q 2.5
(>s)128 446.4 S(et correct = cmd)-2.5 E 2.5(>l)128 458.4 S 2.5(z/)-2.5 G
(usr/bin)-2.5 E(CORRECT>ls /usr/bin \(y|n|e|a\)?)128 470.4 Q 1.25
(One can answer `y' or space to e)108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.251
(cute the corrected line, `e' to lea).15 F 1.551 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.251
(he uncorrected command in the).15 F .28(input b)108 499.2 R(uf)-.2 E
(fer)-.25 E 2.78(,`)-.4 G .28
(a' to abort the command as if `^C' had been hit, and an)-2.78 F .28
(ything else to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .28(cute the original line).15 F
(unchanged.)108 511.2 Q 1.039(Spelling correction recognizes user)108
528 R 1.039(-de\214ned completions \(see the)-.2 F F2(complete)3.539 E
F0 -.2(bu)3.539 G 1.039(iltin command\).).2 F 1.04(If an input)6.039 F
-.1(wo)108 540 S .46
(rd in a position for which a completion is de\214ned resembles a w).1 F
459(ord in the completion list, spelling cor)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .106
(rection re)108 552 R .106
(gisters a misspelling and suggests the latter w)-.15 F .107
(ord as a correction.)-.1 F(Ho)5.107 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .907 -.4
(r, i).15 H 2.607(ft).4 G .107(he input w)-2.607 F .107(ord does)-.1 F
1.344(not match an)108 564 R 3.844(yo)-.15 G 3.844(ft)-3.844 G 1.344(he\
possible completions for that position, spelling correction does not r\
e)-3.844 F 1.343(gister a mis-)-.15 F(spelling.)108 576 Q(Lik)108 592.8
Q 2.571(ec)-.1 G .071(ompletion, spelling correction w)-2.571 F .071
(orks an)-.1 F .072
(ywhere in the line, pushing the rest of the line to the right and)-.15
F(possibly lea)108 604.8 Q(ving e)-.2 E
(xtra characters to the right of the cursor)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Be)108 621.6
Q -.1(wa)-.25 G .98(re: spelling correction is not guaranteed to w).1 F
979(ork the w)-.1 F .979(ay one intends, and is pro)-.1 F .979
(vided mostly as an)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 633.6 S(perimental feature.).15 E
(Suggestions and impro)5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(ments are welcome.).15 E F1
(Editor commands \(+\))87 650.4 Q F0(`bindk)108 662.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
3.789('l).15 G 1.289(ists k)-3.789 F 1.589 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.289
(indings and `bindk).15 F 1.589 -.15(ey \255)-.1 H 1.289
(l' lists and brie\215y describes editor commands.).15 F 1.29(Only ne)
6.29 F 3.79(wo)-.25 G(r)-3.79 E .31
(especially interesting editor commands are described here.)108 674.4 R
(See)5.31 E F2(emacs)2.81 E F0 .31(\(1\) and)B F2(vi)2.81 E F0 .31
(\(1\) for descriptions of each)B(editor')108 686.4 Q 2.5(sk)-.55 G .3
-.15(ey b)-2.6 H(indings.).15 E .39
(The character or characters to which each command is bound by def)108
703.2 R .391(ault is gi)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.891(ni).15 G 2.891(np)
-2.891 G 2.891(arentheses. `^)-2.891 F F2 -.15(ch)C(ar).15 E(ac-)-.15 E
(ter)108 715.2 Q F0 2.983('m)C .482(eans a control character and `M-)
-2.983 F F2 -.15(ch)C(ar).15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.982('am)C .482
(eta character)-2.982 F 2.982(,t)-.4 G .482(yped as escape-)-2.982 F F2
-.15(ch)C(ar).15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .482(on terminals)2.982 F 1.399
(without a meta k)108 727.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 6.399(.C)-.5 G 1.399
(ase counts, b)-6.399 F 1.399
(ut commands that are bound to letters by def)-.2 F 1.4
(ault are bound to both)-.1 F(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G
(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(5)192.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(lo)108 84 Q
(wer)-.25 E 2.5(-a)-.2 G(nd uppercase letters for con)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4
G(nience.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete-w)108 100.8 Q(ord)-.1 E
F0(\(tab\))2.5 E(Completes a w)148 112.8 Q(ord as described under)-.1 E
F1(Completion and listing)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(complete-w)108 129.6 Q
(ord-back)-.1 E F0(\(not bound\))2.5 E(Lik)148 141.6 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(complete-wor)2.5 E(d-fwd)-.37 E F0 2.5(,b)C
(ut steps up from the end of the list.)-2.7 E F1(complete-w)108 158.4 Q
(ord-fwd)-.1 E F0(\(not bound\))2.5 E .002(Replaces the current w)148
170.4 R .002(ord with the \214rst w)-.1 F .002
(ord in the list of possible completions.)-.1 F .001(May be repeated)
5.002 F(to step do)148 182.4 Q(wn through the list.)-.25 E
(At the end of the list, beeps and re)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rts to the incomplete w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1(complete-w)108 199.2 Q
(ord-raw)-.1 E F0(\(^X-tab\))2.5 E(Lik)148 211.2 Q(e)-.1 E F2
(complete-wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut ignores user)-2.7 E
(-de\214ned completions.)-.2 E F1(copy-pr)108 228 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(-w)
15 E(ord)-.1 E F0(\(M-^_\))2.5 E(Copies the pre)148 240 Q(vious w)-.25
E(ord in the current line into the input b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5
(.S)-.55 G(ee also)-5 E F2(insert-last-wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1(dab)
108 256.8 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(-expand).15 E F0(\(M-/\))2.5 E .112
(Expands the current w)148 268.8 R .112(ord to the most recent precedin\
g one for which the current is a leading sub-)-.1 F 1.019
(string, wrapping around the history list \(once\) if necessary)148
280.8 R 6.019(.R)-.65 G(epeating)-6.019 E F2(dabbr)3.519 E -.15(ev)-.37
G(-e).15 E(xpand)-.2 E F0(without)3.519 E(an)148 292.8 Q 3.253(yi)-.15 G
(nterv)-3.253 E .753(ening typing changes to the ne)-.15 F .753(xt pre)
-.15 F .753(vious w)-.25 F .753
(ord etc., skipping identical matches much)-.1 F(lik)148 304.8 Q(e)-.1 E
F2(history-sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(kwar)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0
(does.)2.5 E F1(delete-char)108 321.6 Q F0(\(not bound\))2.5 E
(Deletes the character under the cursor)148 333.6 Q 5(.S)-.55 G(ee also)
-5 E F2(delete-c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(-or)-.2 E(-list-or)-.2 E(-eof)-.2 E F0
(.)A F1(delete-char)108 350.4 Q(-or)-.37 E(-eof)-.37 E F0(\(not bound\))
2.5 E(Does)148 362.4 Q F2(delete-c)2.813 E(har)-.15 E F0 .313
(if there is a character under the cursor or)2.813 F F2(end-of-\214le)
2.812 E F0 .312(on an empty line.)2.812 F .312(See also)5.312 F F2
(delete-c)148 374.4 Q(har)-.15 E(-or)-.2 E(-list-or)-.2 E(-eof)-.2 E F0
(.)A F1(delete-char)108 391.2 Q(-or)-.37 E(-list)-.37 E F0
(\(not bound\))2.5 E(Does)148 403.2 Q F2(delete-c)2.757 E(har)-.15 E F0
257(if there is a character under the cursor or)2.757 F F2(list-c)2.757
E(hoices)-.15 E F0 .258(at the end of the line.)2.757 F(See)5.258 E
(also)148 415.2 Q F2(delete-c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(-or)-.2 E(-list-or)-.2 E
(-eof)-.2 E F0(.)A F1(delete-char)108 432 Q(-or)-.37 E(-list-or)-.37 E
(-eof)-.37 E F0(\(^D\))2.5 E(Does)148 444 Q F2(delete-c)2.734 E(har)-.15
E F0 .234(if there is a character under the cursor)2.734 F(,)-.4 E F2
(list-c)2.733 E(hoices)-.15 E F0 .233(at the end of the line or)2.733 F
F2(end-)2.733 E(of-\214le)148 456 Q F0 .104(on an empty line.)2.604 F
105(See also those three commands, each of which does only a single ac\
tion,)5.104 F(and)148 468 Q F2(delete-c)3.09 E(har)-.15 E(-or)-.2 E
(-eof)-.2 E F0(,)A F2(delete-c)3.09 E(har)-.15 E(-or)-.2 E(-list)-.2 E
F0(and)3.089 E F2(list-or)3.089 E(-eof)-.2 E F0 3.089(,e)C .589
(ach of which does a dif)-3.089 F .589(ferent tw)-.25 F 3.089(oo)-.1 G
(ut)-3.089 E(of the three.)148 480 Q F1(do)108 496.8 Q(wn-history)-.1 E
F0(\(do)2.5 E(wn-arro)-.25 E 1.3 -.65(w, ^)-.25 H(N\)).65 E(Lik)148
508.8 Q(e)-.1 E F2(up-history)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut steps do)-2.7 E
(wn, stopping at the original input line.)-.25 E F1(end-of-\214le)108
525.6 Q F0(\(not bound\))2.5 E .629
(Signals an end of \214le, causing the shell to e)148 537.6 R .629
(xit unless the)-.15 F F1(ignor)3.129 E(eeof)-.18 E F0 .629(shell v)
3.129 F .629(ariable \(q.v)-.25 F .629(.\) is set to)-.65 F(pre)148
549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this.).15 E(See also)5 E F2(delete-c)2.5 E
(har)-.15 E(-or)-.2 E(-list-or)-.2 E(-eof)-.2 E F0(.)A F1
(expand-history)108 566.4 Q F0(\(M-space\))2.5 E 1.249
(Expands history substitutions in the current w)148 578.4 R 3.749
(ord. See)-.1 F F1 1.249(History substitution)3.749 F F0 6.249(.S)C
1.249(ee also)-6.249 F F2(ma)3.749 E(gic-)-.1 E(space)148 590.4 Q F0(,)A
F2(to)2.5 E -.1(gg)-.1 G(le-liter).1 E(al-history)-.15 E F0(and the)2.5
E F1(autoexpand)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(expand-glob)
108 607.2 Q F0(\(^X-*\))2.5 E
(Expands the glob-pattern to the left of the cursor)148 619.2 Q 5(.S)
-.55 G(ee)-5 E F1(Filename substitution)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(expand-line)108
636 Q F0(\(not bound\))2.5 E(Lik)148 648 Q(e)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
(pand-history).2 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut e)-2.7 E
(xpands history substitutions in each w)-.15 E(ord in the input b)-.1 E
(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(,)-.4 E F1(expand-v)108 664.8 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
(\(^X-$\))2.5 E(Expands the v)148 676.8 Q
(ariable to the left of the cursor)-.25 E 5(.S)-.55 G(ee)-5 E F1 -.92
(Va)2.5 G(riable substitution).92 E F0(.)A F1(history-sear)108 693.6 Q
(ch-backward)-.18 E F0(\(M-p, M-P\))2.5 E .006(Searches backw)148 705.6
R .006(ards through the history list for a command be)-.1 F .007
(ginning with the current contents of)-.15 F .814(the input b)148 717.6
R(uf)-.2 E .814(fer up to the cursor and copies it into the input b)-.25
F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.813(.T)-.55 G .813(he search string may be a)
-5.813 F .853(glob-pattern \(see)148 729.6 R F1 .853
(Filename substitution)3.353 F F0 3.353(\)c)C .853
(ontaining `*', `?', `[]' or `{}'.)-3.353 F F2(up-history)5.854 E F0
(and)3.354 E F2(down-)3.354 E F0(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(history)148 84 Q F0 1.012
(will proceed from the appropriate point in the history list.)3.512 F
1.012(Emacs mode only)6.012 F 6.012(.S)-.65 G 1.012(ee also)-6.012 F F1
(history-sear)148 96 Q -.15(ch)-.37 G(-forwar).15 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)2.5
E F1(i-sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(k)-.2 E F0(.)A/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(history-sear)108 112.8 Q(ch-f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0
(\(M-n, M-N\))2.5 E(Lik)148 124.8 Q(e)-.1 E F1(history-sear)2.5 E -.15
(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(kwar)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut searches forw)
-2.7 E(ard.)-.1 E F2(i-sear)108 141.6 Q(ch-back)-.18 E F0(\(not bound\))
2.5 E .247(Searches backw)148 153.6 R .247(ard lik)-.1 F(e)-.1 E F1
(history-sear)2.747 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(kwar)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0
2.747(,c)C .248(opies the \214rst match into the input b)-2.747 F(uf)-.2
E .248(fer with)-.25 F 1.64(the cursor positioned at the end of the pat\
tern, and prompts with `bck: ' and the \214rst match.)148 165.6 R .35
(Additional characters may be typed to e)148 177.6 R .35
(xtend the search,)-.15 F F1(i-sear)2.85 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(k)
-.2 E F0 .35(may be typed to continue)2.85 F 1.723(searching with the s\
ame pattern, wrapping around the history list if necessary)148 189.6 R
4.222(,\()-.65 G F1(i-sear)-4.222 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(k)-.2 E F0
878(must be bound to a single character for this to w)148 201.6 R .878
(ork\) or one of the follo)-.1 F .879(wing special characters)-.25 F
(may be typed:)148 213.6 Q 24.73(^W Appends)168 230.4 R
(the rest of the w)2.5 E(ord under the cursor to the search pattern.)-.1
E(delete \(or an)168 242.4 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(haracter bound to)-2.5 E F1
(bac)2.5 E(kwar)-.2 E(d-delete-c)-.37 E(har)-.15 E F0(\))A 1.998
(Undoes the ef)208 254.4 R 1.998
(fect of the last character typed and deletes a character from the)-.25
F(search pattern if appropriate.)208 266.4 Q 26.95(^G If)168 278.4 R
174(the pre)2.674 F .174(vious search w)-.25 F .174
(as successful, aborts the entire search.)-.1 F .175
(If not, goes back to)5.174 F(the last successful search.)208 290.4 Q
10.85(escape Ends)168 302.4 R(the search, lea)2.5 E
(ving the current line in the input b)-.2 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
(An)148 319.2 Q 3.19(yo)-.15 G .689(ther character not bound to)-3.19 F
F1(self-insert-command)3.189 E F0 .689(terminates the search, lea)3.189
F .689(ving the current)-.2 F 1.076(line in the input b)148 331.2 R(uf)
-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.576(,a)-.4 G 1.076
(nd is then interpreted as normal input.)-3.576 F 1.077(In particular)
6.076 F 3.577(,ac)-.4 G 1.077(arriage return)-3.577 F 1.483
(causes the current line to be e)148 343.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.983
(cuted. Emacs).15 F 1.483(mode only)3.983 F 6.483(.S)-.65 G 1.483
(ee also)-6.483 F F1(i-sear)3.983 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-fwd).15 E F0(and)
3.982 E F1(history-)3.982 E(sear)148 355.2 Q -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E
(kwar)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2(i-sear)108 372 Q(ch-fwd)-.18 E F0
(\(not bound\))2.5 E(Lik)148 384 Q(e)-.1 E F1(i-sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37
G(-bac).15 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut searches forw)-2.7 E(ard.)-.1 E F2
(insert-last-w)108 400.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(\(M-_\))2.5 E 1.045
(Inserts the last w)148 412.8 R 1.045(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.045
(vious input line \(`!$'\) into the input b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
6.045(.S)-.55 G 1.045(ee also)-6.045 F F1(copy-pr)3.545 E -.15(ev)-.37 G
(-).15 E(wor)148 424.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2(list-choices)108 441.6 Q F0
(\(M-^D\))2.5 E .594(Lists completion possibilities as described under)
148 453.6 R F2 .594(Completion and listing)3.094 F F0 5.593(.S)C .593
(ee also)-5.593 F F1(delete-c)3.093 E(har)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(or)148 465.6 Q
(-list-or)-.2 E(-eof)-.2 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(list-c)2.5 E(hoices-r)-.15 E
(aw)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(list-choices-raw)108 482.4 Q F0(\(^X-^D\))2.5 E
(Lik)148 494.4 Q(e)-.1 E F1(list-c)2.5 E(hoices)-.15 E F0 2.5(,b)C
(ut ignores user)-2.7 E(-de\214ned completions.)-.2 E F2(list-glob)108
511.2 Q F0(\(^X-g, ^X-G\))2.5 E .383(Lists \(via the)148 523.2 R F1
(ls\255F)2.883 E F0 -.2(bu)2.883 G .383
(iltin\) matches to the glob-pattern \(see).2 F F2 .384
(Filename substitution)2.883 F F0 2.884(\)t)C 2.884(ot)-2.884 G .384
(he left of)-2.884 F(the cursor)148 535.2 Q(.)-.55 E F2(list-or)108 552
Q(-eof)-.37 E F0(\(not bound\))2.5 E(Does)148 564 Q F1(list-c)2.5 E
(hoices)-.15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(end-of-\214le)2.5 E F0(on an empty line.)
2.5 E(See also)5 E F1(delete-c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(-or)-.2 E(-list-or)-.2 E
(-eof)-.2 E F0(.)A F2(magic-space)108 580.8 Q F0(\(not bound\))2.5 E
2.487(Expands history substitutions in the current line, lik)148 592.8 R
(e)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)4.987 G(pand-history).2 E F0 4.986(,a)C 2.486
(nd appends a space.)-4.986 F F1(ma)148 604.8 Q(gic-space)-.1 E F0
(is designed to be bound to the space bar)2.5 E 2.5(,b)-.4 G
(ut is not bound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F2(normalize-command)108
621.6 Q F0(\(^X-?\))2.5 E 1.258(Searches for the current w)148 633.6 R
1.258(ord in P)-.1 F -1.11(AT)-.92 G 3.758(Ha)1.11 G 1.259
(nd, if it is found, replaces it with the full path to the)-3.758 F -.15
(exe)148 645.6 S 4.796(cutable. Special).15 F 2.296
(characters are quoted.)4.796 F 2.295(Aliases are e)7.296 F 2.295
(xpanded and quoted b)-.15 F 2.295(ut commands)-.2 F 1.515
(within aliases are not.)148 657.6 R 1.515
(This command is useful with commands that tak)6.515 F 4.015(ec)-.1 G
1.515(ommands as ar)-4.015 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ments, e.g., `dbx' and `sh \255x'.)148 669.6 Q F2(normalize-path)108
686.4 Q F0(\(^X-n, ^X-N\))2.5 E(Expands the current w)148 698.4 Q
(ord as described under the `e)-.1 E(xpand' setting of the)-.15 E F2
(symlinks)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q
2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(7)192.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ove)108 84 S(rwrite-mode).1 E F0(\(unbound\))2.5 E
-.8(To)148 96 S(ggles between input and o).8 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rwrite modes.).15 E F1(run-fg-editor)108 112.8 Q F0(\(M-^Z\))2.5 E(Sa)
148 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he current input line and\
looks for a stopped job with a name equal to the last component)-2.942
F .261(of the \214le name part of the)148 136.8 R F1(EDIT)2.761 E(OR)
-.18 E F0(or)2.761 E F1(VISU)2.761 E(AL)-.6 E F0(en)2.761 E .261
(vironment v)-.4 F .261(ariables, or)-.25 F 2.761(,i)-.4 G 2.761(fn)
-2.761 G .262(either is set, `ed')-2.761 F .056(or `vi'.)148 148.8 R
056(If such a job is found, it is restarted as if `fg %)5.056 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(job)A F0 2.555('h)C .055(ad been typed.)-2.555 F .055
(This is used to toggle)5.055 F .208
(back and forth between an editor and the shell easily)148 160.8 R 5.208
(.S)-.65 G .209(ome people bind this command to `^Z' so)-5.208 F(the)148
172.8 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an do this e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nm).15 G
(ore easily)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(run-help)108 189.6 Q F0(\(M-h, M-H\))2.5
E 1.527(Searches for documentation on the current command, using the sa\
me notion of `current com-)148 201.6 R 1.629
(mand' as the completion routines, and prints it.)148 213.6 R 1.629
(There is no w)6.629 F 1.63(ay to use a pager;)-.1 F F2(run-help)4.13 E
F0(is)4.13 E .185(designed for short help \214les.)148 225.6 R .185
(If the special alias)5.185 F F1(helpcommand)2.685 E F0 .184
(is de\214ned, it is run with the com-)2.685 F .973
(mand name as a sole ar)148 237.6 R 3.473(gument. Else,)-.18 F .973
(documentation should be in a \214le named)3.473 F F2(command)3.473 E F0
(.help,)A F2(command)148 249.6 Q F0(.1,)A F2(command)4.385 E F0(.6,)A F2
(command)4.385 E F0 1.885(.8 or)B F2(command)4.385 E F0 4.385(,w)C 1.885
(hich should be in one of the directories)-4.385 F 1.122(listed in the)
148 261.6 R F1(HP)3.623 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(en)3.623 E 1.123
(vironment v)-.4 F 3.623(ariable. If)-.25 F 1.123
(there is more than one help \214le only the \214rst is)3.623 F
(printed.)148 273.6 Q F1(self-insert-command)108 290.4 Q F0(\(te)2.5 E
(xt characters\))-.15 E 1.665(In insert mode \(the def)148 302.4 R 1.665
(ault\), inserts the typed character into the input line after the char\
acter)-.1 F .322(under the cursor)148 314.4 R 5.322(.I)-.55 G 2.822(no)
-5.322 G -.15(ve)-2.972 G .323(rwrite mode, replaces the character unde\
r the cursor with the typed char).15 F(-)-.2 E(acter)148 326.4 Q 5.21
(.T)-.55 G .21(he input mode is normally preserv)-5.21 F .209
(ed between lines, b)-.15 F .209(ut the)-.2 F F1(inputmode)2.709 E F0
209(shell v)2.709 F .209(ariable can)-.25 F .673
(be set to `insert' or `o)148 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .673
(rwrite' to put the editor in that mode at the be).15 F .674
(ginning of each line.)-.15 F(See)5.674 E(also)148 350.4 Q F2 -.1(ov)2.5
G(erwrite-mode).1 E F0(.)A F1(sequence-lead-in)108 367.2 Q F0(\(arro)2.5
E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(re\214x, meta pre\214x, ^X\))-2.5 E .191
(Indicates that the follo)148 379.2 R .191
(wing characters are part of a multi-k)-.25 F .491 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.69
(equence. Binding).15 F 2.69(ac)2.69 G .19(ommand to a)-2.69 F(multi-k)
148 391.2 Q 1.706 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.406(equence really creates tw).15 F
3.907(ob)-.1 G 1.407(indings: the \214rst character to)-3.907 F F2
(sequence-lead-in)3.907 E F0 1.407(and the)3.907 F .707
(whole sequence to the command.)148 403.2 R .706(All sequences be)5.706
F .706(ginning with a character bound to)-.15 F F2(sequence-)3.206 E
(lead-in)148 415.2 Q F0(are ef)2.5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly bound to).15 E F2(unde\214ned-k)2.5 E -.3(ey)-.1 G F0
(unless bound to another command.)2.8 E F1(spell-line)108 432 Q F0
(\(M-$\))2.5 E 1.522(Attempts to correct the spelling of each w)148 444
R 1.522(ord in the input b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.022(,l)-.4 G(ik)
-4.022 E(e)-.1 E F2(spell-wor)4.022 E(d)-.37 E F0 4.022(,b)C 1.522
(ut ignores)-4.222 F -.1(wo)148 456 S .502(rds whose \214rst character \
is one of `\255', `!', `^' or `%', or which contain `\\', `*' or `?', t\
o a).1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E
(problems with switches, substitutions and the lik)148 468 Q 2.5(e. See)
-.1 F F1(Spelling corr)2.5 E(ection)-.18 E F0(.)A F1(spell-w)108 484.8 Q
(ord)-.1 E F0(\(M-s, M-S\))2.5 E 1.847
(Attempts to correct the spelling of the current w)148 496.8 R 1.847
(ord as described under)-.1 F F1 1.847(Spelling corr)4.347 F(ection)-.18
E F0(.)A(Checks each component of a w)148 508.8 Q
(ord which appears to be a pathname.)-.1 E F1(toggle-literal-history)108
525.6 Q F0(\(M-r)2.5 E 2.5(,M)-.4 G(-R\))-2.5 E .24(Expands or `une)148
537.6 R .239(xpands' history substitutions in the input b)-.15 F(uf)-.2
E(fer)-.25 E 5.239(.S)-.55 G .239(ee also)-5.239 F F2 -.2(ex)2.739 G
(pand-history).2 E F0 .239(and the)2.739 F F1(autoexpand)148 549.6 Q F0
(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unde\214ned-k)108 566.4 Q(ey)-.1 E F0
(\(an)2.5 E 2.5(yu)-.15 G(nbound k)-2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(\)).15 E(Beeps.)
148 578.4 Q F1(up-history)108 595.2 Q F0(\(up-arro)2.5 E 1.3 -.65(w, ^)
-.25 H(P\)).65 E .628(Copies the pre)148 607.2 R .629
(vious entry in the history list into the input b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
-.25 E 5.629(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.629 E F1(histlit)3.129 E F0 .629
(is set, uses the literal)3.129 F(form of the entry)148 619.2 Q 5(.M)
-.65 G(ay be repeated to step up through the history list, stopping at \
the top.)-5 E F1(vi-sear)108 636 Q(ch-back)-.18 E F0(\(?\))2.5 E .815(P\
rompts with `?' for a search string \(which may be a glob-pattern, as w\
ith)148 648 R F2(history-sear)3.315 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(k-)-.2 E
(war)148 660 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .15
(\), searches for it and copies it into the input b)B(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25
E 5.151(.T)-.55 G .151(he bell rings if no match is found.)-5.151 F
(Hit-)5.151 E .577(ting return ends the search and lea)148 672 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G 3.077(st).15 G .577(he last match in the input b)-3.077 F(uf)
-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.577(.H)-.55 G .577(itting escape ends the)-5.577 F
(search and e)148 684 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the match.).15 E F2(vi)5 E
F0(mode only)2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(vi-sear)108 700.8 Q(ch-fwd)-.18 E F0
(\(/\))2.5 E(Lik)148 712.8 Q(e)-.1 E F2(vi-sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G
(-bac).15 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut searches forw)-2.7 E(ard.)-.1 E
(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(8)192.615
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(which-command)108 84 Q F0(\(M-?\))2.5 E(Does a)148 96 Q
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(whic)2.5 E(h)-.15 E F0
(\(see the description of the b)2.5 E(uiltin command\) on the \214rst w)
-.2 E(ord of the input b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
(Lexical structur)87 112.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 .775
(The shell splits input lines into w)108 124.8 R .775
(ords at blanks and tabs.)-.1 F .776
(The special characters `&', `|', `;', `<', `>', `\(',)5.775 F .289
(and `\)' and the doubled characters `&&', `||', `<<' and `>>' are al)
108 136.8 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .288(ys separate w).1 F .288
(ords, whether or not the)-.1 F(y)-.15 E(are surrounded by whitespace.)
108 148.8 Q .824(When the shell')108 165.6 R 3.324(si)-.55 G .824
(nput is not a terminal, the character `#' is tak)-3.324 F .825
(en to be)-.1 F .825(gin a comment.)-.15 F .825(Each `#' and the)5.825 F
(rest of the input line on which it appears is discarded before further\
parsing.)108 177.6 Q 2.593(As)108 194.4 S .093
(pecial character \(including a blank or tab\) may be pre)-2.593 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .093(nted from ha).15 F .093
(ving its special meaning, and possi-)-.2 F .606
(bly made part of another w)108 206.4 R .607(ord, by preceding it with \
a backslash \(`\\'\) or enclosing it in single \(`')-.1 F .607
('\), double)-.74 F .937(\(`"'\) or backw)108 218.4 R .936(ard \(`)-.1 F
936(`'\) quotes.)-.74 F .936(When not otherwise quoted a ne)5.936 F
936(wline preceded by a `\\' is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .936
(lent to a).25 F(blank, b)108 230.4 Q
(ut inside quotes this sequence results in a ne)-.2 E(wline.)-.25 E .432
(Furthermore, all)108 247.2 R F1(Substitutions)2.932 E F0 .432
(\(see belo)2.932 F .432(w\) e)-.25 F(xcept)-.15 E F1 .432
(History substitution)2.932 F F0 .432(can be pre)2.932 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
433(nted by enclosing the).15 F .834
(strings \(or parts of strings\) in which the)108 259.2 R 3.334(ya)-.15
G .833
(ppear with single quotes or by quoting the crucial character\(s\))
-3.334 F .589(\(e.g., `$' or `)108 271.2 R .589(`' for)-.74 F F1 -.92
(Va)3.089 G .589(riable substitution).92 F F0(or)3.089 E F1 .589
(Command substitution)3.089 F F0(respecti)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
(ly\) with `\\'.).15 F(\()5.59 E F1 .59(Alias substi-)B(tution)108 283.2
Q F0 .109(is no e)2.609 F .109(xception: quoting in an)-.15 F 2.609(yw)
-.15 G .109(ay an)-2.709 F 2.609(yc)-.15 G .109(haracter of a w)-2.609 F
109(ord for which an)-.1 F F2(alias)2.609 E F0 .109
(has been de\214ned pre-)2.609 F -.15(ve)108 295.2 S .15
(nts substitution of the alias.).15 F .15(The usual w)5.15 F .15
(ay of quoting an alias is to precede it with a backslash.\))-.1 F F1
(History)2.65 E(substitution)108 307.2 Q F0 .2(is pre)2.7 F -.15(ve)-.25
G .2(nted by backslashes b).15 F .2(ut not by single quotes.)-.2 F .2
(Strings quoted with double or backw)5.2 F(ard)-.1 E(quotes under)108
319.2 Q(go)-.18 E F1 -.92(Va)2.5 G(riable substitution).92 E F0(and)2.5
E F1(Command substitution)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
(ut other substitutions are pre)-2.7 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nted.).15 E -1.25
-.7(Te x)108 336 T 2.612(ti).7 G .113
(nside single or double quotes becomes a single w)-2.612 F .113
(ord \(or part of one\).)-.1 F .113(Metacharacters in these strings,)
5.113 F .326(including blanks and tabs, do not form separate w)108 348 R
2.826(ords. Only)-.1 F .325(in one special case \(see)2.826 F F1 .325
(Command substitu-)2.825 F(tion)108 360 Q F0(belo)3.144 E .644
(w\) can a double-quoted string yield parts of more than one w)-.25 F
645(ord; single-quoted strings ne)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.145(rd).15 G
(o.)-3.145 E(Backw)108 372 Q .086(ard quotes are special: the)-.1 F
2.586(ys)-.15 G(ignal)-2.586 E F1 .085(Command substitution)2.585 F F0
(\(q.v)2.585 E .085(.\), which may result in more than one)-.65 F -.1
(wo)108 384 S(rd.).1 E .66(Quoting comple)108 400.8 R 3.16(xs)-.15 G .66
(trings, particularly strings which themselv)-3.16 F .66
(es contain quoting characters, can be confus-)-.15 F 2.58
(ing. Remember)108 412.8 R .079(that quotes need not be used as the)
2.579 F 2.579(ya)-.15 G .079(re in human writing!)-2.579 F .079
(It may be easier to quote not an)5.079 F .174(entire string, b)108
424.8 R .174
(ut only those parts of the string which need quoting, using dif)-.2 F
175(ferent types of quoting to do so)-.25 F(if appropriate.)108 436.8 Q
(The)108 453.6 Q F1(backslash_quote)2.77 E F0 .27(shell v)2.77 F .27
(ariable \(q.v)-.25 F .27(.\) can be set to mak)-.65 F 2.769(eb)-.1 G
269(ackslashes al)-2.769 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .269(ys quote `\\', `').1 F
269(', and `"'.)-.74 F(\(+\))5.269 E(This may mak)108 465.6 Q 2.5(ec)
-.1 G(omple)-2.5 E 2.5(xq)-.15 G(uoting tasks easier)-2.5 E 2.5(,b)-.4 G
(ut it can cause syntax errors in)-2.7 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\) scripts.)
A F1(Substitutions)87 482.4 Q F0 2.868 -.8(We n)108 494.4 T 1.768 -.25
(ow d).8 H 1.268(escribe the v).25 F 1.269(arious transformations the s\
hell performs on the input in the order in which the)-.25 F(y)-.15 E
(occur)108 506.4 Q 5.345(.W)-.55 G 2.845(en)-6.145 G .345
(ote in passing the data structures in)-2.845 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E
345(ed and the commands and v)-.15 F .345(ariables which af)-.25 F .345
(fect them.)-.25 F(Remember that substitutions can be pre)108 518.4 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(nted by quoting as described under).15 E F1
(Lexical structur)2.5 E(e)-.18 E F0(.)A F1(History substitution)87 535.2
Q F0 .478(Each command, or `)108 547.2 R(`e)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt')
15 E .479(', input from the terminal is sa)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.979
(di).15 G 2.979(nt)-2.979 G .479(he history list.)-2.979 F .479(The pre)
5.479 F .479(vious command is)-.25 F(al)108 559.2 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.314
(ys sa).1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 1.314(d, and the).15 F F1(history)3.814 E F0
1.314(shell v)3.814 F 1.314(ariable can be set to a number to sa)-.25 F
1.614 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.314(hat man).15 F 3.813(yc)-.15 G 3.813
(ommands. The)-3.813 F F1(histdup)108 571.2 Q F0(shell v)2.5 E
(ariable can be set to not sa)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve d)-.2 H(uplicate e).15 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(nts or consecuti).15 E .3 -.15(ve d)-.25 H(uplicate e).15
E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts.).15 E(Sa)108 588 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.858(dc).15 G
359
(ommands are numbered sequentially from 1 and stamped with the time.)
-2.858 F .359(It is not usually necessary)5.359 F .306(to use e)108 600
R -.15(ve)-.25 G .306(nt numbers, b).15 F .306(ut the current e)-.2 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .306
(nt number can be made part of the prompt by placing an `!' in the).15 F
F1(pr)108 612 Q(ompt)-.18 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .567
(The shell actually sa)108 628.8 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.067(sh).15 G .567
(istory in e)-3.067 F .567(xpanded and literal \(une)-.15 F .568
(xpanded\) forms.)-.15 F .568(If the)5.568 F F1(histlit)3.068 E F0 .568
(shell v)3.068 F .568(ariable is)-.25 F
(set, commands that display and store history use the literal form.)108
640.8 Q(The)108 657.6 Q F2(history)2.967 E F0 -.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltin\
command can print, store in a \214le, restore and clear the history li\
st at an).2 F 2.967(yt)-.15 G .467(ime, and the)-2.967 F F1(sa)108 669.6
Q -.1(ve)-.25 G(hist).1 E F0(and)3.294 E F1(hist\214le)3.294 E F0 .794
(shell v)3.294 F .795(ariables can be can be set to store the history l\
ist automatically on logout and)-.25 F(restore it on login.)108 681.6 Q
914(History substitutions introduce w)108 698.4 R .913(ords from the h\
istory list into the input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .857
(commands, repeat ar)108 710.4 R .857(guments of a pre)-.18 F .857
(vious command in the current command, or \214x spelling mistak)-.25 F
858(es in)-.1 F(the pre)108 722.4 Q
(vious command with little typing and a high de)-.25 E
(gree of con\214dence.)-.15 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G
(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(9)192.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R .622
(History substitutions be)108 84 R .622(gin with the character `!'.)-.15
F(The)5.622 E 3.122(ym)-.15 G .622(ay be)-3.122 F .622(gin an)-.15 F
622(ywhere in the input stream, b)-.15 F .621(ut the)-.2 F(y)-.15 E
013(do not nest.)108 96 R .013
(The `!' may be preceded by a `\\' to pre)5.013 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .014
(nt its special meaning; for con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .014
(nience, a `!' is passed).15 F .061(unchanged when it is follo)108 108 R
061(wed by a blank, tab, ne)-.25 F .06(wline, `=' or `\('.)-.25 F .06
(History substitutions also occur when an)5.06 F .675(input line be)108
120 R .675(gins with `^'.)-.15 F .675(This special abbre)5.675 F .675
(viation will be described later)-.25 F 5.675(.T)-.55 G .675
(he characters used to signal)-5.675 F 1.473
(history substitution \(`!' and `^'\) can be changed by setting the)108
132 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)3.972 E F0 1.472(shell v)3.972 F
3.972(ariable. An)-.25 F 3.972(yi)-.15 G 1.472(nput line)-3.972 F
(which contains a history substitution is printed before it is e)108 144
Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E 3.005(Ah)108 160.8 S .505
(istory substitution may ha)-3.005 F .805 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.005(n`).15 G
(`e)-3.745 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .505(nt speci\214cation').15 F .505
(', which indicates the e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .506(nt from which w).15
F .506(ords are)-.1 F .818(to be tak)108 172.8 R .818(en, a `)-.1 F(`w)
-.74 E .818(ord designator')-.1 F .818(', which selects particular w)
-.74 F .817(ords from the chosen e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .817
(nt, and/or a `).15 F(`modi-)-.74 E(\214er')108 184.8 Q
(', which manipulates the selected w)-.74 E(ords.)-.1 E(An e)108 201.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation can be).15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(n)128 218.4 Q F0 2.5(An)35 G(umber)-2.5 E 2.5(,r)-.4 G
(eferring to a particular e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt).15 E<ad>128 230.4
Q F2(n)A F0(An of)29.36 E(fset, referring to the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt).15 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(before the current e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt).15
E 35(#T)128 242.4 S 1.684(he current e)-35 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.184
(nt. This).15 F 1.685(should be used carefully in)4.184 F F2(csh)4.185 E
F0 1.685(\(1\), where there is no check for)B(recursion.)168 254.4 Q F2
(tcsh)5 E F0(allo)2.5 E(ws 10 le)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of recursion.)
15 E(\(+\))5 E 36.67(!T)128 266.4 S(he pre)-36.67 E(vious e)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(nt \(equi).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `\2551'\)).25 E F2(s)
128 278.4 Q F0(The most recent e)36.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt whose \214rst w).15 E(ord be)-.1 E(gins with the string)-.15 E F2(s)
2.5 E F0(?)128 290.4 Q F2(s)A F0 27.23(?T)C 1.207(he most recent e)
-27.23 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.207(nt which contains the string).15 F F2(s)
3.707 E F0 6.206(.T)C 1.206(he second `?' can be omitted if it is)-6.206
F(immediately follo)168 302.4 Q(wed by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E -.15
(Fo)108 319.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, consider this bit of someone')-2.65
E 2.5(sh)-.55 G(istory list:)-2.5 E 5(98)130.5 336 S 7.5(:30 nrof)-5 F
2.5<66ad>-.25 G(man wumpus.man)-2.5 E 2.5(10 8:31)128 348 R
(cp wumpus.man wumpus.man.old)10 E 2.5(11 8:36)128 360 R(vi wumpus.man)
10 E 2.5(12 8:37)128 372 R(dif)10 E 2.5(fw)-.25 G
(umpus.man.old wumpus.man)-2.5 E .315(The commands are sho)108 388.8 R
315(wn with their e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .316
(nt numbers and time stamps.).15 F .316(The current e)5.316 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .316(nt, which we ha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(n').15 E(t)-.18 E .26
(typed in yet, is e)108 400.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .26(nt 13.).15 F .26
(`!11' and `!\2552' refer to e)5.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .26(nt 11.).15 F
259(`!!' refers to the pre)5.259 F .259(vious e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
259(nt, 12.).15 F .259(`!!' can be)5.259 F(abbre)108 412.8 Q .281
(viated `!' if it is follo)-.25 F .281
(wed by `:' \(`:' is described belo)-.25 F 2.781(w\). `!n')-.25 F .281
(refers to e)2.781 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .281(nt 9, which be).15 F .281
(gins with `n'.)-.15 F .398(`!?old?' also refers to e)108 424.8 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G .397(nt 12, which contains `old'.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.397 G .397
(thout w).4 F .397(ord designators or modi\214ers history refer)-.1 F(-)
-.2 E .652(ences simply e)108 436.8 R .652(xpand to the entire e)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .653(nt, so we might type `!cp' to redo the cop).15 F
3.153(yc)-.1 G .653(ommand or `!!|more' if)-3.153 F(the `dif)108 448.8 Q
-1.1 .55(f' o)-.25 H(utput scrolled of)-.55 E 2.5(ft)-.25 G
(he top of the screen.)-2.5 E 1.835
(History references may be insulated from the surrounding te)108 465.6 R
1.835(xt with braces if necessary)-.15 F 6.835(.F)-.65 G 1.835(or e)
-6.985 F(xample,)-.15 E .195(`!vdoc' w)108 477.6 R .196
(ould look for a command be)-.1 F .196
(ginning with `vdoc', and, in this e)-.15 F .196
(xample, not \214nd one, b)-.15 F .196(ut `!{v}doc')-.2 F -.1(wo)108
489.6 S(uld e).1 E(xpand unambiguously to `vi wumpus.mandoc'.)-.15 E(Ev)
5 E(en in braces, history substitutions do not nest.)-.15 E .24
(\(+\) While)108 506.4 R F2(csh)2.74 E F0 .24(\(1\) e)B .24
(xpands, for e)-.15 F .24(xample, `!3d' to e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .239
(nt 3 with the letter `d' appended to it,).15 F F2(tcsh)2.739 E F0 -.15
(ex)2.739 G .239(pands it to).15 F .49(the last e)108 518.4 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .49(nt be).15 F .491
(ginning with `3d'; only completely numeric ar)-.15 F .491
(guments are treated as e)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .491(nt numbers.).15 F
(This)5.491 E(mak)108 530.4 Q(es it possible to recall e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(nts be).15 E(ginning with numbers.)-.15 E 1.6 -.8(To e)5 H
(xpand `!3d' as in).65 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\) say `!\\3d'.)A 1.692 -.8
(To s)108 547.2 T .092(elect w).8 F .092(ords from an e)-.1 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .092(nt we can follo).15 F 2.592(wt)-.25 G .092(he e)-2.592 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .091
(nt speci\214cation by a `:' and a designator for the desired).15 F -.1
(wo)108 559.2 S 2.581(rds. The).1 F -.1(wo)2.581 G .081(rds of an input\
line are numbered from 0, the \214rst \(usually command\) w).1 F .081
(ord being 0, the sec-)-.1 F(ond w)108 571.2 Q(ord \(\214rst ar)-.1 E
(gument\) being 1, etc.)-.18 E(The basic w)5 E(ord designators are:)-.1
E 35(0T)128 588 S(he \214rst \(command\) w)-35 E(ord)-.1 E F2(n)128 600
Q F0(The)35 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th ar)A(gument)-.18 E 36.67(^T)128 612 S
(he \214rst ar)-36.67 E(gument, equi)-.18 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `1')
25 E 35($T)128 624 S(he last ar)-35 E(gument)-.18 E 31.67(%T)128 636 S
(he w)-31.67 E(ord matched by an ?)-.1 E F2(s)A F0 2.5(?s)C(earch)-2.5 E
F2(x\255y)128 648 Q F0 2.5(Ar)24.37 G(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords)-.1 E F2
<ad79>128 660 Q F0(Equi)28.81 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
(`0\255y')2.5 E F0 35(*E)128 672 S(qui)-35 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(lent to `^\255$', b).25 E(ut returns nothing if the e)-.2 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(nt contains only 1 w).15 E(ord)-.1 E F2(x*)128 684 Q F0(Equi)
30.56 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(`x\255$')2.5 E<78ad>128 696 Q F0
(Equi)28.81 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(`x*')2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
(ut omitting the last w)-2.7 E(ord \(`$'\))-.1 E .05(Selected w)108
712.8 R .05
(ords are inserted into the command line separated by single blanks.)-.1
F -.15(Fo)5.049 G 2.549(re).15 G .049(xample, the `dif)-2.699 F -1.051
55(f' c)-.25 H(om-)-.55 E 1.265(mand in the pre)108 724.8 R 1.265
(vious e)-.25 F 1.265(xample might ha)-.15 F 1.565 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.266
(een typed as `dif).15 F 3.766(f!)-.25 G 1.266
(!:1.old !!:1' \(using `:1' to select the \214rst)-3.766 F
(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(10)
187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(ar)108 84 Q
1.288(gument from the pre)-.18 F 1.288(vious e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
1.288(nt\) or `dif).15 F 3.788(f!)-.25 G 1.288
(\2552:2 !\2552:1' to select and sw)-3.788 F 1.287(ap the ar)-.1 F 1.287
(guments from the `cp')-.18 F 2.917(command. If)108 96 R .417(we didn')
2.917 F 2.917(tc)-.18 G .417(are about the order of the `dif)-2.917 F
-.683 .55(f' w)-.25 H 2.917(em)-.55 G .418(ight ha)-2.917 F .718 -.15
(ve s)-.2 H .418(aid `dif).15 F 2.918(f!)-.25 G .418
(\2552:1\2552' or simply `dif)-2.918 F(f)-.25 E 3.636(!\2552:*'. The)108
108 R 1.136(`cp' command might ha)3.636 F 1.436 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.135
(een written `cp wumpus.man !#:1.old', using `#' to refer to the).15 F
843(current e)108 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.343(nt. `!n:\255).15 F .843
(hurkle.man' w)3.343 F .843(ould reuse the \214rst tw)-.1 F 3.343(ow)-.1
G .843(ords from the `nrof)-3.443 F -.257 .55(f' c)-.25 H .844
(ommand to say `nrof)-.55 F(f)-.25 E(\255man hurkle.man'.)108 132 Q .451
(The `:' separating the e)108 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .451
(nt speci\214cation from the w).15 F .45
(ord designator can be omitted if the ar)-.1 F .45(gument selector)-.18
F(be)108 160.8 Q .048(gins with a `^', `$', `*', `%' or `\255'.)-.15 F
-.15(Fo)5.048 G 2.548(re).15 G .048(xample, our `dif)-2.698 F -1.052 .55
(f' c)-.25 H .048(ommand might ha)-.55 F .348 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .048
(een `dif).15 F 2.548(f!)-.25 G .048(!^.old !!^' or)-2.548 F(,)-.4 E
(equi)108 172.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lently).25 E 3.041(,`)-.65 G(dif)-3.041
E 3.041(f!)-.25 G .541(!$.old !!$'.)-3.041 F(Ho)5.541 E(we)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 1.341 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.041(f`).4 G .541(!!' is abbre)-3.041 F
541(viated `!', an ar)-.25 F .54(gument selector be)-.18 F .54
(ginning with `\255')-.15 F(will be interpreted as an e)108 184.8 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation.).15 E 2.956(Ah)108 201.6 S .456
(istory reference may ha)-2.956 F .756 -.15(ve a w)-.2 H .456
(ord designator b).05 F .456(ut no e)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .456
(nt speci\214cation.).15 F .457(It then references the pre)5.456 F
(vious)-.25 E 3.696(command. Continuing)108 213.6 R 1.196(our `dif)3.696
F .096 .55(f' e)-.25 H 1.195(xample, we could ha)-.7 F 1.495 -.15(ve s)
-.2 H 1.195(aid simply `dif).15 F 3.695(f!)-.25 G 1.195(^.old !^' or)
-3.695 F 3.695(,t)-.4 G 3.695(og)-3.695 G 1.195(et the ar)-3.695 F(gu-)
-.18 E(ments in the opposite order)108 225.6 Q 2.5(,j)-.4 G(ust `dif)
-2.5 E 2.5(f!)-.25 G(*'.)-2.5 E .781(The w)108 242.4 R .781(ord or w)-.1
F .781(ords in a history reference can be edited, or `)-.1 F
(`modi\214ed')-.74 E .782(', by follo)-.74 F .782
(wing it with one or more)-.25 F(modi\214ers, each preceded by a `:':)
108 254.4 Q 35(hR)128 271.2 S(emo)-35 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
(railing pathname component, lea).15 E(ving the head.)-.2 E 37.22(tR)128
283.2 S(emo)-37.22 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
(ll leading pathname components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E 36.67
(rR)128 295.2 S(emo)-36.67 E .3 -.15(ve a \214)-.15 H(lename e).15 E
(xtension `.xxx', lea)-.15 E(ving the root name.)-.2 E 35.56(eR)128
307.2 S(emo)-35.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the e)-.2 E
(xtension.)-.15 E 35(uU)128 319.2 S(ppercase the \214rst lo)-35 E
(wercase letter)-.25 E(.)-.55 E 37.22(lL)128 331.2 S -.25(ow)-37.22 G
(ercase the \214rst uppercase letter).25 E(.)-.55 E(s)128 343.2 Q/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(/l/r/)A F0(Substitute)21.1 E F1(l)3.399 E F0(for)
3.399 E F1(r)3.399 E F0(.)A F1(l)5.899 E F0 .898(is simply a string lik)
3.399 F(e)-.1 E F1(r)3.398 E F0 3.398(,n)C .898(ot a re)-3.398 F .898
(gular e)-.15 F .898(xpression as in the epon)-.15 F(ymous)-.15 E F1(ed)
168 355.2 Q F0 .063(\(1\) command.)B(An)5.063 E 2.563(yc)-.15 G .063(ha\
racter may be used as the delimiter in place of `/'; a `\\' can be used)
-2.563 F 1.264(to quote the delimiter inside)168 367.2 R F1(l)3.763 E F0
(and)3.763 E F1(r)3.763 E F0 6.263(.T)C 1.263(he character `&' in the)
-6.263 F F1(r)3.763 E F0 1.263(is replaced by)3.763 F F1(l)3.763 E F0
3.763(;`)C 1.263(\\' also)-3.763 F .948(quotes `&'.)168 379.2 R(If)5.948
E F1(l)3.449 E F0 .949(is empty \(`)3.449 F(`')-.74 E .949('\), the)-.74
F F1(l)3.449 E F0 .949(from a pre)3.449 F .949
(vious substitution or the)-.25 F F1(s)3.449 E F0 .949(from a pre)3.449
F(vious)-.25 E(`?)168 391.2 Q F1(s)A F0 .69(?' e)B -.15(ve)-.25 G .69
(nt speci\214cation is used.).15 F .689
(The trailing delimiter may be omitted if it is immediately)5.689 F
(follo)168 403.2 Q(wed by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E 32.22(&R)128 415.2 S
(epeat the pre)-32.22 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E 35(gA)128 427.2 S
(pply the follo)-35 E(wing modi\214er once to each w)-.25 E(ord.)-.1 E
2.5(a\()128 439.2 S 18.26(+\) Apply)-2.5 F .264(the follo)2.764 F .264
(wing modi\214er as man)-.25 F 2.764(yt)-.15 G .264
(imes as possible to a single w)-2.764 F 2.764(ord. `a')-.1 F .265
(and `g' can be)2.764 F .49
(used together to apply a modi\214er globally)168 451.2 R 5.49(.I)-.65 G
2.99(nt)-5.49 G .49(he current implementation, using the `a' and)-2.99 F
67(`s' modi\214ers together can lead to an in\214nite loop.)168 463.2 R
-.15(Fo)5.671 G 3.171(re).15 G .671(xample, `:as/f/f)-3.321 F .671
(f/' will ne)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.171(rt).15 G(ermi-)-3.171 E 2.5
(nate. This)168 475.2 R(beha)2.5 E(vior might change in the future.)-.2
E 35(pP)128 487.2 S(rint the ne)-35 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand line b)-2.5 E
(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E 35(qQ)128 499.2 S
(uote the substituted w)-35 E(ords, pre)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nting further substitutions.).15 E 35(xL)128 511.2 S(ik)-35 E 2.5(eq)
-.1 G 2.5(,b)-2.5 G(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at blanks, tabs and ne)
-.1 E(wlines.)-.25 E .386
(Modi\214ers are applied to only the \214rst modi\214able w)108 528 R
385(ord \(unless `g' is used\).)-.1 F .385(It is an error for no w)
5.385 F .385(ord to be)-.1 F(modi\214able.)108 540 Q -.15(Fo)108 556.8 S
3.955(re).15 G 1.455(xample, the `dif)-4.105 F .355 .55(f' c)-.25 H
1.455(ommand might ha)-.55 F 1.755 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.455
(een written as `dif).15 F 3.956(fw)-.25 G 1.456
(umpus.man.old !#^:r', using `:r' to)-3.956 F(remo)108 568.8 Q 1.198
-.15(ve `)-.15 H .898(.old' from the \214rst ar).15 F .897
(gument on the same line \(`!#^'\).)-.18 F 2.497 -.8(We c)5.897 H .897
(ould say `echo hello out there', then).8 F .458(`echo !*:u' to capital\
ize `hello', `echo !*:au' to say it out loud, or `echo !*:agu' to reall\
y shout.)108 580.8 R 2.059 -.8(We m)5.459 H(ight).8 E(follo)108 592.8 Q
4.026(w`)-.25 G 1.526(mail \255s "I for)-4.026 F 1.526(got my passw)-.18
F 1.525
(ord" rot' with `!:s/rot/root' to correct the spelling of `root' \(b)-.1
F 1.525(ut see)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Spelling corr)108 604.8 Q
(ection)-.18 E F0(for a dif)2.5 E(ferent approach\).)-.25 E .266
(There is a special abbre)108 621.6 R .266(viation for substitutions.)
-.25 F .266
(`^', when it is the \214rst character on an input line, is equi)5.266 F
(v-)-.25 E .172(alent to `!:s^'.)108 633.6 R .172(Thus we might ha)5.172
F .472 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .172(aid `^rot^root' to mak).15 F 2.672(et)-.1 G
171(he spelling correction in the pre)-2.672 F .171(vious e)-.25 F
(xample.)-.15 E(This is the only history substitution which does not e)
108 645.6 Q(xplicitly be)-.15 E(gin with `!'.)-.15 E .637(\(+\) In)108
662.4 R F1(csh)3.137 E F0 .637
(as such, only one modi\214er may be applied to each history or v)3.137
F .638(ariable e)-.25 F 3.138(xpansion. In)-.15 F F1(tcsh)3.138 E F0
3.138(,m)C(ore)-3.138 E(than one may be used, for e)108 674.4 Q(xample)
-.15 E 2.5(%m)128 691.2 S 2.5(vw)-2.5 G
(umpus.man /usr/man/man1/wumpus.1)-2.5 E 2.5(%m)128 703.2 S(an !$:t:r)
-2.5 E(man wumpus)128 715.2 Q(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G
(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(11)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(In)108 84 Q
/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(csh)2.51 E F0 2.51(,t)C .01(he result w)-2.51 F
01(ould be `wumpus.1:r'.)-.1 F 2.51(As)5.01 G .009(ubstitution follo)
-2.51 F .009(wed by a colon may need to be insulated from)-.25 F
(it with braces:)108 96 Q 2.5(>m)128 112.8 S 2.5(va)-2.5 G(.out /usr/g)
-2.5 E(ames/wumpus)-.05 E 2.5(>s)128 124.8 S(eten)-2.5 E 2.5(vP)-.4 G
-1.11(AT)-3.42 G 2.5(H!)1.11 G($:h:$P)-2.5 E -1.11(AT)-.92 G(H)1.11 E
(Bad ! modi\214er: $.)128 136.8 Q 2.5(>s)128 148.8 S(eten)-2.5 E 2.5(vP)
-.4 G -1.11(AT)-3.42 G 2.5(H!)1.11 G({\2552$:h}:$P)-2.5 E -1.11(AT)-.92
G(H)1.11 E(seten)128 160.8 Q 2.5(vP)-.4 G -1.11(AT)-3.42 G 2.5(H/)1.11 G
(usr/g)-2.5 E(ames:/bin:/usr/bin:.)-.05 E .223(The \214rst attempt w)108
177.6 R .223(ould succeed in)-.1 F F1(csh)2.723 E F0 -.2(bu)2.723 G
2.723(tf).2 G .223(ails in)-2.823 F F1(tcsh)2.723 E F0 2.723(,b)C
(ecause)-2.723 E F1(tcsh)2.723 E F0 -.15(ex)2.724 G .224
(pects another modi\214er after the sec-).15 F
(ond colon rather than `$'.)108 189.6 Q(Finally)108 206.4 Q 2.999(,h)
-.65 G .498(istory can be accessed through the editor as well as throug\
h the substitutions just described.)-2.999 F(The)5.498 E F1(up-)108
218.4 Q F0(and)3.525 E F1(down-history)3.525 E F0(,)A F1(history-sear)
3.525 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(kwar)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.525 E F1
(-forwar)3.525 E(d)-.37 E F0(,)A F1(i-sear)3.525 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac)
15 E(k)-.2 E F0(and)3.525 E F1(-fwd)3.525 E F0(,)A F1(vi-sear)3.525 E
-.15(ch)-.37 G(-bac).15 E(k)-.2 E F0(and)3.525 E F1(-fwd)108 230.4 Q F0
(,)A F1(copy-pr)3.388 E -.15(ev)-.37 G(-wor).15 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.388
E F1(insert-last-wor)3.387 E(d)-.37 E F0 .887
(editor commands search for e)3.387 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .887
(nts in the history list and cop).15 F(y)-.1 E .637
(them into the input b)108 242.4 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.637(.T)-.55 G
(he)-5.637 E F1(to)3.137 E -.1(gg)-.1 G(le-liter).1 E(al-history)-.15 E
F0 .637(editor command switches between the e)3.137 F .637(xpanded and)
-.15 F 1.011(literal forms of history lines in the input b)108 254.4 R
(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.2(ex)6.011 G(pand-history).2 E F0
(and)3.511 E F1 -.2(ex)3.51 G(pand-line).2 E F0 -.15(ex)3.51 G 1.01
(pand history substitu-).15 F(tions in the current w)108 266.4 Q
(ord and in the entire input b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer respecti)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Alias substitution)87
283.2 Q F0 .151(The shell maintains a list of aliases which can be set,\
unset and printed by the)108 295.2 R F1(alias)2.651 E F0(and)2.651 E F1
(unalias)2.651 E F0(commands.)2.652 E .535
(After a command line is parsed into simple commands \(see)108 307.2 R
F2(Commands)3.034 E F0 3.034(\)t)C .534(he \214rst w)-3.034 F .534
(ord of each command,)-.1 F .014(left-to-right, is check)108 319.2 R
015(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .015(If so, the \214rst w)5.015
F .015(ord is replaced by the alias.)-.1 F .015(If the alias con-)5.015
F .193(tains a history reference, it under)108 331.2 R(goes)-.18 E F2
193(History substitution)2.693 F F0(\(q.v)2.693 E .192
(.\) as though the original command were the)-.65 F(pre)108 343.2 Q
(vious input line.)-.25 E
(If the alias does not contain a history reference, the ar)5 E
(gument list is left untouched.)-.18 E .104
(Thus if the alias for `ls' were `ls \255l' the command `ls /usr' w)108
360 R .104(ould become `ls \255l /usr', the ar)-.1 F .104
(gument list here)-.18 F 1.238(being undisturbed.)108 372 R 1.238(If th\
e alias for `lookup' were `grep !^ /etc/passwd' then `lookup bill' w)
6.238 F 1.238(ould become)-.1 F .751(`grep bill /etc/passwd'.)108 384 R
751(Aliases can be used to introduce parser metasyntax.)5.751 F -.15
(Fo)5.752 G 3.252(re).15 G .752(xample, `alias print 'pr)-3.402 F
(\\!* | lpr')108 396 Q 2.5('d)-.74 G(e\214nes a `)-2.5 E(`command')-.74
E 2.5('\()-.74 G(`print'\) which)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E F0(\(1\)s its ar)A
(guments to the line printer)-.18 E(.)-.55 E .334
(Alias substitution is repeated until the \214rst w)108 412.8 R .334
(ord of the command has no alias.)-.1 F .334
(If an alias substitution does)5.334 F 1.544(not change the \214rst w)
108 424.8 R 1.545(ord \(as in the pre)-.1 F 1.545(vious e)-.25 F 1.545
(xample\) it is \215agged to pre)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.545(nt a loop.)
15 F 1.545(Other loops are)6.545 F(detected and cause an error)108
436.8 Q(.)-.55 E(Some aliases are referred to by the shell; see)108
453.6 Q F2(Special aliases)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.92(Va)87 470.4 S
(riable substitution).92 E F0 .352(The shell maintains a list of v)108
482.4 R .352(ariables, each of which has as v)-.25 F .351
(alue a list of zero or more w)-.25 F 2.851(ords. The)-.1 F -.25(va)
2.851 G(lues).25 E .021(of shell v)108 494.4 R .021
(ariables can be displayed and changed with the)-.25 F F1(set)2.521 E F0
(and)2.521 E F1(unset)2.521 E F0 2.521(commands. The)2.521 F .022
(system maintains its)2.522 F -.25(ow)108 506.4 S 4.722(nl).25 G 2.222
(ist of `)-4.722 F(`en)-.74 E(vironment')-.4 E 4.722('v)-.74 G 4.722
(ariables. These)-4.972 F 2.221(can be displayed and changed with)4.722
F F1(printen)4.721 E(v)-.4 E F0(,)A F1(seten)4.721 E(v)-.4 E F0(and)
4.721 E F1(unseten)108 518.4 Q(v)-.4 E F0(.)A .034(\(+\) V)108 535.2 R
034(ariables may be made read-only with `set \255r' \(q.v)-1.11 F 2.535
(.\) Read-only)-.65 F -.25(va)2.535 G .035
(riables may not be modi\214ed or unset;).25 F .599
(attempting to do so will cause an error)108 547.2 R 5.598(.O)-.55 G
598(nce made read-only)-5.598 F 3.098(,av)-.65 G .598
(ariable cannot be made writable, so `set)-3.348 F
(\255r' should be used with caution.)108 559.2 Q(En)5 E(vironment v)-.4
E(ariables cannot be made read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .69(Some v)108 576 R
69(ariables are set by the shell or referred to by it.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)
5.691 G 3.191(ri).15 G .691(nstance, the)-3.191 F F2(ar)3.191 E(gv)-.1 E
F0 -.25(va)3.191 G .691(riable is an image of the).25 F(shell')108 588 Q
3.219(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-3.219 G .719(ument list, and w).18 F .719
(ords of this v)-.1 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.218(sv)-.55 G .718
(alue are referred to in special w)-3.468 F 3.218(ays. Some)-.1 F .718
(of the v)3.218 F(ari-)-.25 E .527(ables referred to by the shell are t\
oggles; the shell does not care what their v)108 600 R .528
(alue is, only whether the)-.25 F 3.028(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.028 E .622
(set or not.)108 612 R -.15(Fo)5.621 G 3.121(ri).15 G .621(nstance, the)
-3.121 F F2 -.1(ve)3.121 G(rbose).1 E F0 -.25(va)3.121 G .621
(riable is a toggle which causes command input to be echoed.).25 F(The)
5.621 E F2<ad76>108 624 Q F0 .503(command line option sets this v)3.003
F(ariable.)-.25 E F2 .503(Special shell v)5.503 F(ariables)-.1 E F0 .503
(lists all v)3.003 F .503(ariables which are referred to)-.25 F
(by the shell.)108 636 Q 1.14(Other operations treat v)108 652.8 R 1.139
(ariables numerically)-.25 F 6.139(.T)-.65 G 1.139
(he `@' command permits numeric calculations to be per)-6.139 F(-)-.2 E
659(formed and the result assigned to a v)108 664.8 R 3.159(ariable. V)
-.25 F .659(ariable v)-1.11 F .659(alues are, ho)-.25 F(we)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 1.46 -.4(r, a).15 H -.1(lwa).4 G .66
(ys represented as \(zero or).1 F .247(more\) strings.)108 676.8 R -.15
(Fo)5.247 G 2.747(rt).15 G .247(he purposes of numeric operations, the \
null string is considered to be zero, and the sec-)-2.747 F
(ond and subsequent w)108 688.8 Q(ords of multi-w)-.1 E(ord v)-.1 E
(alues are ignored.)-.25 E 1.136(After the input line is aliased and pa\
rsed, and before each command is e)108 705.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.137
(cuted, v).15 F 1.137(ariable substitution is)-.25 F .329(performed k)
108 717.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .329(ed by `$' characters.).15 F .328(This e)
5.328 F .328(xpansion can be pre)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .328
(nted by preceding the `$' with a `\\' e).15 F(xcept)-.15 E 2.395
(within `"')108 729.6 R 4.895(sw)-.55 G 2.396(here it)-4.895 F F1
(always)4.896 E F0 2.396(occurs, and within `')4.896 F 3.496 -.55('s w)
-.74 H 2.396(here it).55 F F1(ne)4.896 E(ver)-.15 E F0 4.896
(occurs. Strings)4.896 F 2.396(quoted by `)4.896 F 2.396(`' are)-.74 F
(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(12)
187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R .624
(interpreted later \(see)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .624
(Command substitution)3.124 F F0(belo)3.124 E .624
(w\) so `$' substitution does not occur there until later)-.25 F 3.124
(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.124 E(at all.)108 96 Q 2.5(A`)5 G
($' is passed unchanged if follo)-2.5 E
(wed by a blank, tab, or end-of-line.)-.25 E 1.108
(Input/output redirections are recognized before v)108 112.8 R 1.108
(ariable e)-.25 F 1.108(xpansion, and are v)-.15 F 1.109(ariable e)-.25
F 1.109(xpanded separately)-.15 F(.)-.65 E .897
(Otherwise, the command name and entire ar)108 124.8 R .896
(gument list are e)-.18 F .896(xpanded together)-.15 F 5.896(.I)-.55 G
3.396(ti)-5.896 G 3.396(st)-3.396 G .896(hus possible for the)-3.396 F
573(\214rst \(command\) w)108 136.8 R .573
(ord \(to this point\) to generate more than one w)-.1 F .574
(ord, the \214rst of which becomes the com-)-.1 F
(mand name, and the rest of which become ar)108 148.8 Q(guments.)-.18 E
253(Unless enclosed in `"' or gi)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.753(nt)
15 G .253(he `:q' modi\214er the results of v)-2.753 F .253
(ariable substitution may e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .253(ntually be com-)
15 F .378(mand and \214lename substituted.)108 177.6 R -.4(Wi)5.378 G
379(thin `"', a v).4 F .379(ariable whose v)-.25 F .379
(alue consists of multiple w)-.25 F .379(ords e)-.1 F .379(xpands to a)
-.15 F .201(\(portion of a\) single w)108 189.6 R .201(ord, with the w)
-.1 F .201(ords of the v)-.1 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.7(sv)-.55 G .2
(alue separated by blanks.)-2.95 F .2(When the `:q' modi-)5.2 F .887
(\214er is applied to a substitution the v)108 201.6 R .888
(ariable will e)-.25 F .888(xpand to multiple w)-.15 F .888
(ords with each w)-.1 F .888(ord separated by a)-.1 F
(blank and quoted to pre)108 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt later command or \214lename substitution.).15 E .848(The follo)108
230.4 R .847(wing metasequences are pro)-.25 F .847
(vided for introducing v)-.15 F .847(ariable v)-.25 F .847
(alues into the shell input.)-.25 F .847(Except as)5.847 F
(noted, it is an error to reference a v)108 242.4 Q
(ariable which is not set.)-.25 E($)108 259.2 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(name)A F0(${)108 271.2 Q F2(name)A F0(})A .771(Substitutes the w)148
283.2 R .771(ords of the v)-.1 F .771(alue of v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
(name)3.271 E F0 3.271(,e)C .772(ach separated by a blank.)-3.271 F .772
(Braces insulate)5.772 F F2(name)148 295.2 Q F0 .296(from follo)2.796 F
296(wing characters which w)-.25 F .296(ould otherwise be part of it.)
-.1 F .295(Shell v)5.295 F .295(ariables ha)-.25 F .595 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
(ames).15 E .302
(consisting of up to 20 letters and digits starting with a letter)148
307.2 R 5.302(.T)-.55 G .302(he underscore character is consid-)-5.302 F
1.526(ered a letter)148 319.2 R 6.526(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.526 E F2(name)4.026
E F0 1.525(is not a shell v)4.026 F 1.525(ariable, b)-.25 F 1.525
(ut is set in the en)-.2 F 1.525(vironment, then that v)-.4 F 1.525
(alue is)-.25 F(returned \(b)148 331.2 Q
(ut `:' modi\214ers and the other forms gi)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nb)
15 G(elo)-2.5 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G(re not a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable in this case\).).25 E($)108 343.2 Q F2(name)A F0([)A F2
(selector)A F0(])A(${)108 355.2 Q F2(name)A F0([)A F2(selector)A F0(]})A
323(Substitutes only the selected w)148 367.2 R .324(ords from the v)
-.1 F .324(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.824 E F0 5.324(.T)C(he)-5.324 E F2
(selector)2.824 E F0 .324(is subjected to `$' sub-)2.824 F .028
(stitution and may consist of a single number or tw)148 379.2 R 2.528
(on)-.1 G .028(umbers separated by a `\255'.)-2.528 F .027
(The \214rst w)5.027 F .027(ord of)-.1 F 3.093(av)148 391.2 S(ariable')
-3.343 E 3.093(sv)-.55 G .593(alue is numbered `1'.)-3.343 F .594
(If the \214rst number of a range is omitted it def)5.593 F .594
(aults to `1'.)-.1 F(If)5.594 E .46
(the last member of a range is omitted it def)148 403.2 R .46
(aults to `$#)-.1 F F2(name)A F0 2.96('. The)B F2(selector)2.96 E F0 .46
(`*' selects all w)2.96 F(ords.)-.1 E
(It is not an error for a range to be empty if the second ar)148 415.2 Q
(gument is omitted or in range.)-.18 E 27.5($0 Substitutes)108 427.2 R
431(the name of the \214le from which command input is being read.)
2.931 F .432(An error occurs if the)5.431 F(name is not kno)148 439.2 Q
(wn.)-.25 E($)108 451.2 Q F2(number)A F0(${)108 463.2 Q F2(number)A F0
(})A(Equi)148 475.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `$ar).25 E(gv[)-.18 E F2
(number)A F0(]'.)A 27.5($* Equi)108 487.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `$ar)
25 E(gv', which is equi)-.18 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `$ar).25 E
(gv[*]'.)-.18 E .498(The `:' modi\214ers described under)108 504 R F1
498(History substitution)2.998 F F0 2.998(,e)C .498
(xcept for `:p', can be applied to the substitutions)-3.148 F(abo)108
516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.031(.M).15 G .031(ore than one may be used.)
-5.031 F .032(\(+\) Braces may be needed to insulate a v)5.031 F .032
(ariable substitution from a lit-)-.25 F(eral colon just as with)108 528
Q F1(History substitution)2.5 E F0(\(q.v)2.5 E(.\); an)-.65 E 2.5(ym)
-.15 G(odi\214ers must appear within the braces.)-2.5 E(The follo)108
544.8 Q(wing substitutions can not be modi\214ed with `:' modi\214ers.)
-.25 E($?)108 561.6 Q F2(name)A F0(${?)108 573.6 Q F2(name)A F0(})A
(Substitutes the string `1' if)148 585.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(is set, `0' if it is not.)2.5 E 23.06($?0 Substitutes)108 597.6 R .987
(`1' if the current input \214lename is kno)3.487 F .986
(wn, `0' if it is not.)-.25 F(Al)5.986 E -.1(wa)-.1 G .986
(ys `0' in interacti).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(shells.)148 609.6 Q($#)108
621.6 Q F2(name)A F0(${#)108 633.6 Q F2(name)A F0(})A
(Substitutes the number of w)148 645.6 Q(ords in)-.1 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
(.)A 27.5($# Equi)108 657.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `$#ar).25 E 2.5
(gv'. \(+\))-.18 F($%)108 669.6 Q F2(name)A F0(${%)108 681.6 Q F2(name)A
F0(})A(Substitutes the number of characters in)148 693.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E
F0 5(.\()C(+\))-5 E($%)108 705.6 Q F2(number)A F0(Astron 6.11.00)72 768
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(${%)108 84 Q
/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(number)A F0(})A
(Substitutes the number of characters in $ar)148 96 Q(gv[)-.18 E F1
(number)A F0 2.5(]. \(+\))B 28.06($? Equi)108 108 R -.25(va)-.25 G
(lent to `$status'.).25 E(\(+\))5 E 27.5($$ Substitutes)108 120 R
(the \(decimal\) process number of the \(parent\) shell.)2.5 E 29.17
($! Substitutes)108 132 R(the \(decimal\) process number of the last ba\
ckground process started by this shell.)2.5 E(\(+\))5 E 27.5
($_ Substitutes)108 144 R(the command line of the last command e)2.5 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(cuted. \(+\)).15 F 26.86($< Substitutes)108 156 R
2.711(al)2.711 G .211
(ine from the standard input, with no further interpretation thereafter)
-2.711 F 5.212(.I)-.55 G 2.712(tc)-5.212 G .212(an be used)-2.712 F .576
(to read from the k)148 168 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .576
(board in a shell script.).15 F .576(\(+\) While)5.576 F F1(csh)3.076 E
F0(al)3.076 E -.1(wa)-.1 G .575(ys quotes $<, as if it were equi).1 F
(v-)-.25 E .762(alent to `$<:q',)148 180 R F1(tcsh)3.262 E F0 .763
(does not.)3.262 F .763(Furthermore, when)5.763 F F1(tcsh)3.263 E F0
763(is w)3.263 F .763(aiting for a line to be typed the user)-.1 F
1.014(may type an interrupt to interrupt the sequence into which the li\
ne is to be substituted, b)148 192 R(ut)-.2 E F1(csh)3.513 E F0
(does not allo)148 204 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(his.)-2.5 E .241
(The editor command)108 220.8 R F1 -.2(ex)2.741 G(pand-variables).2 E F0
2.741(,n)C .241(ormally bound to `^X-$', can be used to interacti)-2.741
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .242(ly e).15 F .242(xpand indi-)-.15 F(vidual v)108
232.8 Q(ariables.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Command, \214lename and dir)87 249.6 Q(ectory stack substitution)-.18 E
F0 .28(The remaining substitutions are applied selecti)108 261.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G .28(ly to the ar).15 F .28(guments of b)-.18 F .28
(uiltin commands.)-.2 F .28(This means that)5.28 F 1.762(portions of e)
108 273.6 R 1.763(xpressions which are not e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.763
(luated are not subjected to these e).25 F 4.263(xpansions. F)-.15 F
1.763(or commands)-.15 F(which are not internal to the shell, the comma\
nd name is substituted separately from the ar)108 285.6 Q(gument list.)
-.18 E(This)5 E(occurs v)108 297.6 Q(ery late, after input-output redir\
ection is performed, and in a child of the main shell.)-.15 E F2
(Command substitution)87 314.4 Q F0 .049
(Command substitution is indicated by a command enclosed in `)108 326.4
R 2.549(`'. The)-.74 F .049(output from such a command is bro-)2.549 F
-.1(ke)108 338.4 S 3.013(ni).1 G .513(nto separate w)-3.013 F .513
(ords at blanks, tabs and ne)-.1 F .512(wlines, and null w)-.25 F .512
(ords are discarded.)-.1 F .512(The output is v)5.512 F(ariable)-.25 E
(and command substituted and put in place of the original string.)108
350.4 Q .79(Command substitutions inside double quotes \(`"'\) retain b\
lanks and tabs; only ne)108 367.2 R .79(wlines force ne)-.25 F 3.29(ww)
-.25 G(ords.)-3.39 E .196(The single \214nal ne)108 379.2 R .196
(wline does not force a ne)-.25 F 2.696(ww)-.25 G .196(ord in an)-2.796
F 2.696(yc)-.15 G 2.696(ase. It)-2.696 F .196
(is thus possible for a command substitu-)2.696 F
(tion to yield only part of a w)108 391.2 Q(ord, e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he command outputs a complete line.)-2.5 E F2
(Filename substitution)87 408 Q F0 .604(If a w)108 420 R .604
(ord contains an)-.1 F 3.104(yo)-.15 G 3.104(ft)-3.104 G .604
(he characters `*', `?', `[' or `{' or be)-3.104 F .605
(gins with the character `~' it is a candidate)-.15 F .804
(for \214lename substitution, also kno)108 432 R .804(wn as `)-.25 F
(`globbing')-.74 E 3.304('. This)-.74 F -.1(wo)3.304 G .804
(rd is then re).1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .804(rded as a pattern \(`).05 F
(`glob-pat-)-.74 E(tern')108 444 Q('\), and replaced with an alphabetic\
ally sorted list of \214le names which match the pattern.)-.74 E 1.036
(In matching \214lenames, the character `.)108 460.8 R 3.536('a)-.7 G
3.536(tt)-3.536 G 1.036(he be)-3.536 F 1.037
(ginning of a \214lename or immediately follo)-.15 F 1.037
(wing a `/', as)-.25 F 1.147
(well as the character `/' must be matched e)108 472.8 R(xplicitly)-.15
E 6.147(.T)-.65 G 1.147(he character `*' matches an)-6.147 F 3.647(ys)
-.15 G 1.146(tring of characters,)-3.647 F .383
(including the null string.)108 484.8 R .383
(The character `?' matches an)5.383 F 2.883(ys)-.15 G .383
(ingle character)-2.883 F 5.384(.T)-.55 G .384
(he sequence `[...]' matches an)-5.384 F(y)-.15 E .824
(one of the characters enclosed.)108 496.8 R -.4(Wi)5.824 G .824
(thin `[...]', a pair of characters separated by `\255' matches an).4 F
3.323(yc)-.15 G(haracter)-3.323 E(le)108 508.8 Q(xically between the tw)
-.15 E(o.)-.1 E .492(\(+\) Some glob-patterns can be ne)108 525.6 R -.05
(ga)-.15 G .492(ted: The sequence `[^...]' matches an).05 F 2.992(ys)
-.15 G .492(ingle character)-2.992 F F1(not)2.992 E F0 .492
(speci\214ed by)2.992 F
(the characters and/or ranges of characters in the braces.)108 537.6 Q
(An entire glob-pattern can also be ne)108 554.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(ted with `^':).05 E 2.5(>e)128 571.2 S(cho *)-2.5 E
(bang crash crunch ouch)128 583.2 Q 2.5(>e)128 595.2 S(cho ^cr*)-2.5 E
(bang ouch)128 607.2 Q(Glob-patterns which do not use `?', `*', or `[]'\
or which use `{}' or `~' \(belo)108 624 Q(w\) are not ne)-.25 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ted correctly).05 E(.)-.65 E 4.072
(The metanotation `a{b,c,d}e' is a shorthand for `abe ace ade'.)108
640.8 R 4.072(Left-to-right order is preserv)9.072 F(ed:)-.15 E 1.296
(`/usr/source/s1/{oldls,ls}.c' e)108 652.8 R 1.296
(xpands to `/usr/source/s1/oldls.c /usr/source/s1/ls.c'.)-.15 F 1.297
(The results of matches)6.296 F 1.636(are sorted separately at a lo)108
664.8 R 4.135(wl)-.25 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-4.135 H 4.135(lt).25 G 4.135
(op)-4.135 G(reserv)-4.135 E 4.135(et)-.15 G 1.635
(his order: `../{memo,*box}' might e)-4.135 F 1.635(xpand to `../memo)
-.15 F .675(../box ../mbox'.)108 676.8 R .675(\(Note that `memo' w)5.675
F .675(as not sorted with the results of matching `*box'.\))-.1 F .675
(It is not an error)5.675 F .174(when this construct e)108 688.8 R .174
(xpands to \214les which do not e)-.15 F .173(xist, b)-.15 F .173
(ut it is possible to get an error from a command to)-.2 F .553
(which the e)108 700.8 R .553(xpanded list is passed.)-.15 F .553
(This construct may be nested.)5.553 F .553(As a special case the w)
5.553 F .554(ords `{', `}' and)-.1 F(`{}' are passed undisturbed.)108
712.8 Q 1.669(The character `~' at the be)108 729.6 R 1.668
(ginning of a \214lename refers to home directories.)-.15 F 1.668
(Standing alone, i.e., `~', it)6.668 F(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R -.15(ex)108
84 S 1.165(pands to the in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(r').1 E 3.666
(sh)-.55 G 1.166(ome directory as re\215ected in the v)-3.666 F 1.166
(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(home)3.666 E F0 1.166(shell v)
3.666 F 3.666(ariable. When)-.25 F(fol-)3.666 E(lo)108 96 Q .353(wed by\
a name consisting of letters, digits and `\255' characters the shell s\
earches for a user with that name)-.25 F 3.334
(and substitutes their home directory; thus `~k)108 108 R 3.334
(en' might e)-.1 F 3.334(xpand to `/usr/k)-.15 F 3.334(en' and `~k)-.1 F
3.334(en/chmach' to)-.1 F(`/usr/k)108 120 Q 3.195(en/chmach'. If)-.1 F
695(the character `~' is follo)3.195 F .694
(wed by a character other than a letter or `/' or appears else-)-.25 F
2.506(where than at the be)108 132 R 2.507(ginning of a w)-.15 F 2.507
(ord, it is left undisturbed.)-.1 F 5.007(Ac)7.507 G 2.507(ommand lik)
-5.007 F 5.007(e`)-.1 G(seten)-5.007 E 5.007(vM)-.4 G(ANP)-5.007 E -1.11
(AT)-.92 G(H)1.11 E(/usr/man:/usr/local/man:~/lib/man' does not, theref\
ore, do home directory substitution as one might hope.)108 144 Q 1.165(\
It is an error for a glob-pattern containing `*', `?', `[' or `~', with\
or without `^', not to match an)108 160.8 R 3.664<798c>-.15 G(les.)
-3.664 E(Ho)108 172.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.377 -.4(r, o).15 H
577(nly one pattern in a list of glob-patterns must match a \214le \(s\
o that, e.g., `rm *.a *.c *.o' w).4 F(ould)-.1 E -.1(fa)108 184.8 S .915
(il only if there were no \214les in the current directory ending in `.\
a', `.c', or `.o'\), and if the).1 F F1(nonomatch)3.415 E F0 .345
(shell v)108 196.8 R .346(ariable is set a pattern \(or list of pattern\
s\) which matches nothing is left unchanged rather than caus-)-.25 F
(ing an error)108 208.8 Q(.)-.55 E(The)108 225.6 Q F1(noglob)2.638 E F0
138(shell v)2.638 F .137(ariable can be set to pre)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25
G .137(nt \214lename substitution, and the).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-.2(ex)2.637 G(pand-glob).2 E F0 .137(editor command,)2.637 F
(normally bound to `^X-*', can be used to interacti)108 237.6 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ly e).15 E(xpand indi)-.15 E(vidual \214lename substitutions.)
-.25 E F1(Dir)87 254.4 Q(ectory stack substitution \(+\))-.18 E F0 .918
(The directory stack is a list of directories, numbered from zero, used\
by the)108 266.4 R F2(pushd)3.418 E F0(,)A F2(popd)3.418 E F0(and)3.418
E F2(dir)3.418 E(s)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.418 G(iltin).2 E 1.005
(commands \(q.v)108 278.4 R(.\).)-.65 E F2(dir)6.005 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.005
(can print, store in a \214le, restore and clear the directory stack at\
an)3.505 F 3.504(yt)-.15 G 1.004(ime, and the)-3.504 F F1(sa)108 290.4
Q -.1(ve)-.25 G(dirs).1 E F0(and)3.985 E F1(dirs\214le)3.985 E F0 1.485
(shell v)3.985 F 1.485(ariables can be set to store the directory stack\
automatically on logout and)-.25 F .905(restore it on login.)108 302.4
R(The)5.905 E F1(dirstack)3.405 E F0 .905(shell v)3.405 F .905
(ariable can be e)-.25 F .904
(xamined to see the directory stack and set to put)-.15 F
(arbitrary directories into the directory stack.)108 314.4 Q .905
(The character `=' follo)108 331.2 R .905(wed by one or more digits e)
-.25 F .906(xpands to an entry in the directory stack.)-.15 F .906
(The special)5.906 F(case `=\255' e)108 343.2 Q
(xpands to the last directory in the stack.)-.15 E -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re)
15 G(xample,)-2.65 E 2.5(>d)128 360 S(irs \255v)-2.5 E 17.5(0/)128 372
S(usr/bin)-17.5 E 17.5(1/)128 384 S(usr/spool/uucp)-17.5 E 17.5(2/)128
396 S(usr/accts/sys)-17.5 E 2.5(>e)128 408 S(cho =1)-2.5 E
(/usr/spool/uucp)128 420 Q 2.5(>e)128 432 S(cho =0/calendar)-2.5 E
(/usr/bin/calendar)128 444 Q 2.5(>e)128 456 S(cho =\255)-2.5 E
(/usr/accts/sys)128 468 Q(The)108 484.8 Q F1(noglob)3.195 E F0(and)3.195
E F1(nonomatch)3.195 E F0 .694(shell v)3.195 F .694(ariables and the)
-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.194 G(pand-glob).2 E F0 .694
(editor command apply to directory stack)3.194 F
(as well as \214lename substitutions.)108 496.8 Q F1
(Other substitutions \(+\))87 513.6 Q F0 .393(There are se)108 525.6 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .393(ral more transformations in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .394
(lving \214lenames, not strictly related to the abo).2 F .694 -.15(ve b)
-.15 H .394(ut mentioned)-.05 F .723(here for completeness.)108 537.6 R
F2(Any)5.723 E F0 .723(\214lename may be e)3.223 F .723
(xpanded to a full path when the)-.15 F F1(symlinks)3.223 E F0 -.25(va)
3.223 G .723(riable \(q.v).25 F .722(.\) is)-.65 F 2.12(set to `e)108
549.6 R 4.62(xpand'. Quoting)-.15 F(pre)4.62 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.12
(nts this e).15 F 2.12(xpansion, and the)-.15 F F2(normalize-path)4.62 E
F0 2.12(editor command does it on)4.62 F 5.537(demand. The)108 561.6 R
F2(normalize-command)5.537 E F0 3.037(editor command e)5.537 F 3.037
(xpands commands in P)-.15 F -1.11(AT)-.92 G 5.536(Hi)1.11 G 3.036
(nto full paths on)-5.536 F 3.325(demand. Finally)108 573.6 R(,)-.65 E
F2(cd)3.325 E F0(and)3.325 E F2(pushd)3.325 E F0 .825
(interpret `\255' as the old w)3.325 F .825(orking directory \(equi)-.1
F -.25(va)-.25 G .825(lent to the shell v).25 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.1
(ow)108 585.6 S(d).1 E F0 2.992(\). This)B .491
(is not a substitution at all, b)2.992 F .491(ut an abbre)-.2 F .491
(viation recognized by only those commands.)-.25 F(Nonethe-)5.491 E
(less, it too can be pre)108 597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nted by quoting.).15
E F1(Commands)87 614.4 Q F0(The ne)108 626.4 Q
(xt three sections describe ho)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he shell e)-2.5 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes commands and deals with their input and output.).15
E F1(Simple commands, pipelines and sequences)87 643.2 Q F0 3.578(As)108
655.2 S 1.078(imple command is a sequence of w)-3.578 F 1.078
(ords, the \214rst of which speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 3.579(cuted. A).15 F 1.165
(series of simple commands joined by `|' characters forms a pipeline.)
108 667.2 R 1.164(The output of each command in a)6.165 F
(pipeline is connected to the input of the ne)108 679.2 Q(xt.)-.15 E
663(Simple commands and pipelines may be joined into sequences with `;\
', and will be e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663(cuted sequentially).15 F
(.)-.65 E .879(Commands and pipelines can also be joined into sequences\
with `||' or `&&', indicating, as in the C lan-)108 708 R
(guage, that the second is to be e)108 720 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted only if the \214rst f).15 E(ails or succeeds respecti)-.1 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G
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84 S .824(imple command, pipeline or sequence may be placed in parenthe\
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(which may in turn be a component of a pipeline or sequence.)108 96 R
3.526(Ac)6.027 G 1.026(ommand, pipeline or sequence can be)-3.526 F -.15
(exe)108 108 S(cuted without w).15 E
(aiting for it to terminate by follo)-.1 E(wing it with an `&'.)-.25 E
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(uiltin command execution)-.2 E F0 .405(Builtin commands are e)108 136.8
R -.15(xe)-.15 G .405(cuted within the shell.).15 F .405(If an)5.405 F
2.905(yc)-.15 G .405(omponent of a pipeline e)-2.905 F .405
(xcept the last is a b)-.15 F(uiltin)-.2 E(command, the pipeline is e)
108 148.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in a subshell.).15 E -.15(Pa)108 165.6
S(renthesized commands are al).15 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys e).1 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuted in a subshell.).15 E(\(cd; pwd\); pwd)128 182.4 Q
(thus prints the)108 199.2 Q F1(home)2.5 E F0(directory)2.5 E 2.5(,l)
-.65 G(ea)-2.5 E(ving you where you were \(printing this after the home\
directory\), while)-.2 E(cd; pwd)128 216 Q(lea)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2
G 2.952(sy).15 G .452(ou in the)-2.952 F F1(home)2.952 E F0(directory)
2.952 E 5.452(.P)-.65 G .452
(arenthesized commands are most often used to pre)-5.602 F -.15(ve)-.25
G(nt).15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cd)2.952 E F0 .451(from af)2.951 F
(fect-)-.25 E(ing the current shell.)108 244.8 Q 1.012
(When a command to be e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.013
(cuted is found not to be a b).15 F 1.013
(uiltin command the shell attempts to e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.013
(cute the).15 F .332(command via)108 273.6 R F2 -.2(ex)2.832 G(ecve).2 E
F0 2.832(\(2\). Each)B -.1(wo)2.832 G .332(rd in the v).1 F(ariable)-.25
E F1(path)2.832 E F0 .331
(names a directory in which the shell will look for)2.832 F .156
(the command.)108 285.6 R .156(If it is gi)5.156 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.656
(nn).15 G .156(either a)-2.656 F F1<ad63>2.656 E F0 .156(nor a)2.656 F
F1<ad74>2.656 E F0 .156
(option, the shell hashes the names in these directories into)2.656 F
254(an internal table so that it will try an)108 297.6 R F2 -.2(ex)
2.754 G(ecve).2 E F0 .254
(\(2\) in only a directory where there is a possibility that the com-)B
504(mand resides there.)108 309.6 R .504
(This greatly speeds command location when a lar)5.504 F .504
(ge number of directories are present)-.18 F .915(in the search path.)
108 321.6 R .915(If this mechanism has been turned of)5.915 F 3.415(f\()
-.25 G(via)-3.415 E F2(unhash)3.415 E F0 .915(\), if the shell w)B .914
(as gi)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.414(na).15 G F1<ad63>A F0(or)3.414 E F1
<ad74>3.414 E F0(ar)108 333.6 Q .953(gument or in an)-.18 F 3.453(yc)
-.15 G .953(ase for each directory component of)-3.453 F F1(path)3.453 E
F0 .953(which does not be)3.453 F .954(gin with a `/', the shell)-.15 F
1.149(concatenates the current w)108 345.6 R 1.149
(orking directory with the gi)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.649(nc).15 G 1.149
(ommand name to form a path name of a \214le)-3.649 F
(which it then attempts to e)108 357.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 E
1.043(If the \214le has e)108 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.043
(cute permissions b).15 F 1.044(ut is not an e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
1.044(cutable to the system \(i.e., it is neither an e).15 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cutable).15 E .684(binary nor a script that speci\214es its inte\
rpreter\), then it is assumed to be a \214le containing shell commands)
108 386.4 R .21(and a ne)108 398.4 R 2.711(ws)-.25 G .211(hell is spa)
-2.711 F .211(wned to read it.)-.15 F(The)5.211 E F2(shell)2.711 E F0
211(special alias may be set to specify an interpreter other than)2.711
F(the shell itself.)108 410.4 Q 1.205
(On systems which do not understand the `#!' script interpreter con)108
427.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.204(ntion the shell may be compiled to).15 F
342(emulate it; see the)108 439.2 R F1 -.1(ve)2.843 G(rsion).1 E F0
343(shell v)2.843 F 2.843(ariable. If)-.25 F .343(so, the shell checks\
the \214rst line of the \214le to see if it is of the)2.843 F .339
(form `#!)108 451.2 R F2(interpr)A .339(eter ar)-.37 F(g)-.37 E F0(...)
2.839 E 2.839('. If)-.7 F .339(it is, the shell starts)2.839 F F2
(interpr)2.839 E(eter)-.37 E F0 .339(with the gi)2.839 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n).15 E F2(ar)2.838 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.838(sa)C .338
(nd feeds the \214le to it on)-2.838 F(standard input.)108 463.2 Q F1
(Input/output)87 480 Q F0(The standard input and standard output of a c\
ommand may be redirected with the follo)108 492 Q(wing syntax:)-.25 E(<)
108 508.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(Open \214le)10.2 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
(\(which is \214rst v)2.5 E(ariable, command and \214lename e)-.25 E
(xpanded\) as the standard input.)-.15 E(<<)108 520.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)
-.37 E F0 .041(Read the shell input up to a line which is identical to)
6.03 F F2(wor)2.541 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2(wor)5.041 E(d)-.37 E F0 .041
(is not subjected to v)2.541 F .042(ariable, \214le-)-.25 F .4
(name or command substitution, and each input line is compared to)148
532.8 R F2(wor)2.9 E(d)-.37 E F0 .4(before an)2.9 F 2.9(ys)-.15 G
(ubstitutions)-2.9 E .565(are done on this input line.)148 544.8 R .565
(Unless a quoting `\\', `"', `' or `)5.565 F .565(`' appears in)-.74 F
F2(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.066 G .566(riable and com-).25 F
1.62(mand substitution is performed on the interv)148 556.8 R 1.619
(ening lines, allo)-.15 F 1.619(wing `\\' to quote `$', `\\' and `)-.25
F(`'.)-.74 E 1.339(Commands which are substituted ha)148 568.8 R 1.639
-.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.339(ll blanks, tabs, and ne).15 F 1.339
(wlines preserv)-.25 F 1.34(ed, e)-.15 F 1.34(xcept for the)-.15 F 1.733
(\214nal ne)148 580.8 R 1.733(wline which is dropped.)-.25 F 1.733
(The resultant te)6.733 F 1.733(xt is placed in an anon)-.15 F 1.732
(ymous temporary \214le)-.15 F(which is gi)148 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(nt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(he command as standard input.)-2.5 E(>)108
604.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E(>! name)108 616.8 Q(>& name)108 628.8 Q(>&! name)
108 640.8 Q F0 1.026(The \214le)148 652.8 R F2(name)3.526 E F0 1.026
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6.026 F 1.026(xist then it is created; if the \214le)-.15 F -.15(ex)148
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-.25 E 1.207(If the shell v)148 681.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(noclob)3.707 E
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84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)5 E F0(is e)2.5 E
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108 96 Q F1(name)2.5 E(>>& name)108 108 Q(>>! name)108 120 Q(>>&! name)
108 132 Q F0(Lik)148 144 Q 2.973(e`)-.1 G .473(>', b)-2.973 F .473
(ut appends output to the end of)-.2 F F1(name)2.973 E F0 5.473(.I)C
2.973(ft)-5.473 G .473(he shell v)-2.973 F(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(noclob)2.973 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .474(is set, then it is)
2.973 F(an error for the \214le)148 156 Q F1(not)2.5 E F0(to e)2.5 E
(xist, unless one of the `!' forms is gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n.).15 E
4.317(Ac)108 172.8 S 1.817(ommand recei)-4.317 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.317
(st).15 G 1.817(he en)-4.317 F 1.817(vironment in which the shell w)-.4
F 1.817(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.316(da).1 G 4.316(sm)
-4.316 G 1.816(odi\214ed by the input-output)-4.316 F .55
(parameters and the presence of the command in a pipeline.)108 184.8 R
55(Thus, unlik)5.55 F 3.05(es)-.1 G .55(ome pre)-3.05 F .55
(vious shells, commands)-.25 F 1.596
(run from a \214le of shell commands ha)108 196.8 R 1.896 -.15(ve n)-.2
H 4.096(oa).15 G 1.596(ccess to the te)-4.096 F 1.596
(xt of the commands by def)-.15 F 1.595(ault; rather the)-.1 F(y)-.15 E
(recei)108 208.8 Q .696 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .396
(he original standard input of the shell.).15 F .397
(The `<<' mechanism should be used to present inline data.)5.396 F 1.01
(This permits shell command scripts to function as components of pipeli\
nes and allo)108 220.8 R 1.01(ws the shell to block)-.25 F 1.786
(read its input.)108 232.8 R 1.786(Note that the def)6.786 F 1.786
(ault standard input for a command run detached is)-.1 F F1(not)4.286 E
F0 1.787(the empty \214le)4.286 F F1(/de)108 244.8 Q(v/null)-.15 E F0
2.634(,b)C .134(ut the original standard input of the shell.)-2.834 F
133(If this is a terminal and if the process attempts to read)5.134 F(\
from the terminal, then the process will block and the user will be not\
i\214ed \(see)108 256.8 Q F2 -.15(Jo)2.5 G(bs).15 E F0(\).)A .052(Diagn\
ostic output may be directed through a pipe with the standard output.)
108 273.6 R .052(Simply use the form `|&' rather)5.052 F(than just `|'.)
108 285.6 Q 1.029(The shell cannot presently redirect diagnostic output\
without also redirecting standard output, b)108 302.4 R 1.028(ut `\()
-.2 F F1(com-)A(mand)108 314.4 Q F0(>)2.554 E F1(output-\214le)2.554 E
F0 2.554(\)>)C(&)-2.554 E F1(err)2.554 E(or)-.45 E(-\214le)-.2 E F0
2.554('i)C 2.554(so)-2.554 G .054(ften an acceptable w)-2.554 F 2.554
(orkaround. Either)-.1 F F1(output-\214le)2.554 E F0(or)2.554 E F1(err)
2.554 E(or)-.45 E(-\214le)-.2 E F0 .054(may be)2.554 F(`/de)108 326.4 Q
(v/tty' to send output to the terminal.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Fe)87 343.2 S
(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0(Ha)108 355.2 Q .155(ving described ho)-.2 F
2.655(wt)-.25 G .155(he shell accepts, parses and e)-2.655 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .154(cutes command lines, we no).15 F 2.654(wt)-.25 G .154
(urn to a v)-2.654 F .154(ariety of its)-.25 F(useful features.)108
367.2 Q F2(Contr)87 384 Q(ol \215o)-.18 E(w)-.1 E F0 .723
(The shell contains a number of commands which can be used to re)108 396
R .724(gulate the \215o)-.15 F 3.224(wo)-.25 G 3.224(fc)-3.224 G .724
(ontrol in command)-3.224 F .876
(\214les \(shell scripts\) and \(in limited b)108 408 R .876
(ut useful w)-.2 F .876(ays\) from terminal input.)-.1 F .875
(These commands all operate by)5.875 F .093(forcing the shell to reread\
or skip in its input and, due to the implementation, restrict the plac\
ement of some)108 420 R(of the commands.)108 432 Q(The)108 448.8 Q F1
(for)3.2 E(eac)-.37 E(h)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(switc)3.2 E(h)-.15 E F0 3.2(,a)
C(nd)-3.2 E F1(while)3.2 E F0 .7(statements, as well as the)3.2 F F1
(if-then-else)3.199 E F0 .699(form of the)3.199 F F1(if)3.199 E F0 .699
(statement, require that)3.199 F(the major k)108 460.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.1(wo).15 G
(rds appear in a single simple command on an input line as sho).1 E
(wn belo)-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .855(If the shell')108 477.6 R 3.355(si)
-.55 G .855(nput is not seekable, the shell b)-3.355 F(uf)-.2 E .855
(fers up input whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.355(ral).15 G .856
(oop is being read and performs)-3.355 F .098(seeks in this internal b)
108 489.6 R(uf)-.2 E .097
(fer to accomplish the rereading implied by the loop.)-.25 F(\(T)5.097 E
2.597(ot)-.8 G .097(he e)-2.597 F .097(xtent that this allo)-.15 F(ws,)
-.25 E(backw)108 501.6 Q(ard)-.1 E F1(goto)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C
(ill succeed on non-seekable inputs.\))-2.5 E F2(Expr)87 518.4 Q
(essions)-.18 E F0(The)108 530.4 Q F1(if)4.312 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.312 E
F0(and)4.312 E F1 -.2(ex)4.312 G(it).2 E F0 -.2(bu)4.312 G 1.812
(iltin commands use e).2 F 1.812(xpressions with a common syntax.)-.15 F
1.812(The e)6.812 F 1.812(xpressions can)-.15 F .776(include an)108
542.4 R 3.276(yo)-.15 G 3.276(ft)-3.276 G .775
(he operators described in the ne)-3.276 F .775(xt three sections.)-.15
F .775(Note that the)5.775 F F1(@)3.275 E F0 -.2(bu)3.275 G .775
(iltin command \(q.v).2 F(.\))-.65 E(has its o)108 554.4 Q
(wn separate syntax.)-.25 E F2
(Logical, arithmetical and comparison operators)87 571.2 Q F0
(These operators are similar to those of C and ha)108 583.2 Q .3 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H(he same precedence.).15 E(The)5 E 2.5(yi)-.15 G(nclude)-2.5
E 2.5(|| && | ^ & == != =~ !~ <= >=)128 600 R 5(<>)128 612 S 2.5
(<< >> + \255 * / % ! ~ \( \))-2.5 F .267(Here the precedence increases\
to the right, `==' `!=' `=~' and `!~', `<=' `>=' `<' and `>', `<<' and\
`>>', `+')108 628.8 R .592
(and `\255', `*' `/' and `%' being, in groups, at the same le)108 640.8
R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.091(l. The).15 F .591
(`==' `!=' `=~' and `!~' operators compare)3.091 F .268(their ar)108
652.8 R .268(guments as strings; all others operate on numbers.)-.18 F
268(The operators `=~' and `!~' are lik)5.268 F 2.769(e`)-.1 G .269
(!=' and `==')-2.769 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S 1.078
(cept that the right hand side is a glob-pattern \(see).15 F F2 1.078
(Filename substitution)3.578 F F0 3.578(\)a)C -.05(ga)-3.578 G 1.078
(inst which the left hand).05 F .503(operand is matched.)108 676.8 R
504(This reduces the need for use of the)5.504 F F1(switc)3.004 E(h)
-.15 E F0 -.2(bu)3.004 G .504(iltin command in shell scripts when all).2
F(that is really needed is pattern matching.)108 688.8 Q .494
(Strings which be)108 705.6 R .494
(gin with `0' are considered octal numbers.)-.15 F .493
(Null or missing ar)5.493 F .493(guments are considered `0'.)-.18 F .456
(The results of all e)108 717.6 R .456
(xpressions are strings, which represent decimal numbers.)-.15 F .457
(It is important to note that no)5.457 F(tw)108 729.6 Q 3.669(oc)-.1 G
1.169(omponents of an e)-3.669 F 1.169
(xpression can appear in the same w)-.15 F 1.169(ord; e)-.1 F 1.168
(xcept when adjacent to components of)-.15 F(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R -.15(ex)108
84 S 1.578(pressions which are syntactically signi\214cant to the parse\
r \(`&' `|' `<' `>' `\(' `\)'\) the).15 F 4.078(ys)-.15 G 1.578
(hould be sur)-4.078 F(-)-.2 E(rounded by spaces.)108 96 Q/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Command exit status)87 112.8 Q F0 .175
(Commands can be e)108 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cuted in e).15 F .175
(xpressions and their e)-.15 F .175
(xit status returned by enclosing them in braces \(`{}'\).)-.15 F 1.682
(Remember that the braces should be separated from the w)108 136.8 R
1.682(ords of the command by spaces.)-.1 F(Command)6.682 E -.15(exe)108
148.8 S .521
(cutions succeed, returning true, i.e., `1', if the command e).15 F .52
(xits with status 0, otherwise the)-.15 F 3.02(yf)-.15 G .52
(ail, return-)-3.12 F 1.091(ing f)108 160.8 R 1.091(alse, i.e., `0'.)-.1
F 1.092(If more detailed status information is required then the comman\
d should be e)6.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(outside of an e)108
172.8 Q(xpression and the)-.15 E F1(status)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E
(ariable e)-.25 E(xamined.)-.15 E F1(File inquiry operators)87 189.6 Q
F0 .354(Some of these operators perform true/f)108 201.6 R .353
(alse tests on \214les and related objects.)-.1 F(The)5.353 E 2.853(ya)
-.15 G .353(re of the form)-2.853 F F1<ad>2.853 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
SF .353(op \214le)B F0(,)A(where)108 213.6 Q F2(op)2.5 E F0(is one of)
2.5 E F1(r)128 230.4 Q F0(Read access)15.56 E F1(w)128 242.4 Q F0
(Write access)12.78 E F1(x)128 254.4 Q F0(Ex)15 E(ecute access)-.15 E F1
(X)128 266.4 Q F0(Ex)12.78 E 1.244(ecutable in the path or shell b)-.15
F 1.245
(uiltin, e.g., `\255X ls' and `\255X ls\255F' are generally true, b)-.2
F 1.245(ut `\255X)-.2 F(/bin/ls' is not \(+\))148 278.4 Q F1(e)128 290.4
Q F0(Existence)15.56 E F1(o)128 302.4 Q F0(Ownership)15 E F1(z)128 314.4
Q F0(Zero size)15.56 E F1(s)128 326.4 Q F0(Non-zero size \(+\))16.11 E
F1(f)128 338.4 Q F0(Plain \214le)16.67 E F1(d)128 350.4 Q F0(Directory)
14.44 E F1(l)128 362.4 Q F0(Symbolic link \(+\) *)17.22 E F1(b)128 374.4
Q F0(Block special \214le \(+\))14.44 E F1(c)128 386.4 Q F0
(Character special \214le \(+\))15.56 E F1(p)128 398.4 Q F0
(Named pipe \(\214fo\) \(+\) *)14.44 E F1(S)128 410.4 Q F0(Sock)14.44 E
(et special \214le \(+\) *)-.1 E F1(u)128 422.4 Q F0(Set-user)14.44 E
(-ID bit is set \(+\))-.2 E F1(g)128 434.4 Q F0
(Set-group-ID bit is set \(+\))15 E F1(k)128 446.4 Q F0(Stick)14.44 E
2.5(yb)-.15 G(it is set \(+\))-2.5 E F1(t)128 458.4 Q F2(\214le)16.67 E
F0(\(which must be a digit\) is an open \214le descriptor for a termina\
l de)2.5 E(vice \(+\))-.25 E F1(R)128 470.4 Q F0
(Has been migrated \(con)12.78 E .3 -.15(vex o)-.4 H(nly\) \(+\)).15 E
F1(L)128 482.4 Q F0 .525(Applies subsequent operators in a multiple-ope\
rator test to a symbolic link rather than to the \214le)13.33 F
(to which the link points \(+\) *)148 494.4 Q F2(\214le)108 511.2 Q F0
452(is command and \214lename e)2.952 F .453(xpanded and then tested t\
o see if it has the speci\214ed relationship to the real)-.15 F(user)108
523.2 Q 5.631(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.631 E F2(\214le)3.131 E F0 .631(does not e)
3.131 F .631(xist or is inaccessible or)-.15 F 3.131(,f)-.4 G .631
(or the operators indicated by `*', if the speci\214ed \214le type)
-3.131 F(does not e)108 535.2 Q
(xist on the current system, then all enquiries return f)-.15 E
(alse, i.e., `0'.)-.1 E .627
(These operators may be combined for conciseness: `\255)108 552 R F2
627(xy \214le)B F0 3.127('i)C 3.127(se)-3.127 G(qui)-3.127 E -.25(va)
-.25 G .627(lent to `\255).25 F F2 3.127<788c>C(le)-3.127 E F0 .628
(&& \255)3.127 F F2 3.128<798c>C(le)-3.128 E F0 3.128('. \(+\))B -.15
(Fo)3.128 G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 564 S
(ample, `\255fx' is true \(returns `1'\) for plain e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(cutable \214les, b).15 E(ut not for directories.)-.2 E F1(L)108 580.8
Q F0 .005(may be used in a multiple-operator test to apply subsequent o\
perators to a symbolic link rather than to the)2.506 F .182
(\214le to which the link points.)108 592.8 R -.15(Fo)5.182 G 2.682(re)
15 G .182(xample, `\255lLo' is true for links o)-2.832 F .182
(wned by the in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .182(king user).2 F(.)-.55 E F1(Lr)
5.182 E F0(,)A F1(Lw)2.682 E F0(and)2.682 E F1(Lx)108 604.8 Q F0 .493
(are al)2.993 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .493(ys true for links and f).1 F .493
(alse for non-links.)-.1 F F1(L)5.493 E F0 .492(has a dif)2.992 F .492
(ferent meaning when it is the last operator)-.25 F
(in a multiple-operator test; see belo)108 616.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .502
(It is possible b)108 633.6 R .503
(ut not useful, and sometimes misleading, to combine operators which e)
-.2 F(xpect)-.15 E F2(\214le)3.003 E F0 .503(to be a \214le)3.003 F .569
(with operators which do not, \(e.g.,)108 645.6 R F1(X)3.069 E F0(and)
3.069 E F1(t)3.069 E F0 3.069(\). F)B(ollo)-.15 E(wing)-.25 E F1(L)3.069
E F0 .569(with a non-\214le operator can lead to particularly)3.069 F
(strange results.)108 657.6 Q .386
(Other operators return other information, i.e., not just `0' or `1'.)
108 674.4 R .387(\(+\) The)5.387 F 2.887(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.887
H .387(the same format as before;)3.087 F F2(op)108 686.4 Q F0
(may be one of)2.5 E F1(A)128 703.2 Q F0
(Last \214le access time, as the number of seconds since the epoch)32.78
E F1(A:)128 715.2 Q F0(Lik)29.45 E(e)-.1 E F1(A)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
(ut in timestamp format, e.g., `Fri May 14 16:36:10 1993')-2.7 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(M)128 84 Q F0(Last \214le modi\214cation time)30.56 E
F1(M:)128 96 Q F0(Lik)27.23 E(e)-.1 E F1(M)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
(ut in timestamp format)-2.7 E F1(C)128 108 Q F0
(Last inode modi\214cation time)32.78 E F1(C:)128 120 Q F0(Lik)29.45 E
(e)-.1 E F1(C)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut in timestamp format)-2.7 E F1(D)128
132 Q F0(De)32.78 E(vice number)-.25 E F1(I)128 144 Q F0(Inode number)
36.11 E F1(F)128 156 Q F0(Composite)33.89 E F1(f)2.5 E F0
(ile identi\214er)A 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he form)-2.5 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(de)2.5 E(vice)-.15 E F0(:)A F2(inode)A F1(L)128 168 Q
F0(The name of the \214le pointed to by a symbolic link)33.33 E F1(N)128
180 Q F0(Number of \(hard\) links)32.78 E F1(P)128 192 Q F0
(Permissions, in octal, without leading zero)33.89 E F1(P:)128 204 Q F0
(Lik)30.56 E(e)-.1 E F1(P)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith leading zero)-2.5 E F1
(P)128 216 Q F2(mode)A F0(Equi)12.23 E -.25(va)-.25 G .582
(lent to `\255P).25 F F2(\214le)3.082 E F0(&)3.081 E F2(mode)3.081 E F0
581(', e.g., `\255P22)B F2(\214le)3.081 E F0 3.081('r)C .581
(eturns `22' if)-3.081 F F2(\214le)3.081 E F0 .581
(is writable by group and)3.081 F(other)168 228 Q 2.5(,`)-.4 G
(20' if by group only)-2.5 E 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd `0' if by neither)-2.5 E
F1(P)128 240 Q F2(mode)A F1(:)A F0(Lik)8.9 E(e)-.1 E F1(P)2.5 E F2(mode)
A F1(:)A F0 2.5(,w)C(ith leading zero)-2.5 E F1(U)128 252 Q F0
(Numeric userid)32.78 E F1(U:)128 264 Q F0
(Username, or the numeric userid if the username is unkno)29.45 E(wn)
-.25 E F1(G)128 276 Q F0(Numeric groupid)32.22 E F1(G:)128 288 Q F0
(Groupname, or the numeric groupid if the groupname is unkno)28.89 E(wn)
-.25 E F1(Z)128 300 Q F0(Size, in bytes)33.33 E .228(Only one of these \
operators may appear in a multiple-operator test, and it must be the la\
st.)108 316.8 R .228(Note that)5.228 F F1(L)2.728 E F0(has)2.728 E 3.43
(ad)108 328.8 S(if)-3.43 E .93(ferent meaning at the end of and else)
-.25 F .93(where in a multiple-operator test.)-.25 F .93
(Because `0' is a v)5.93 F .93(alid return)-.25 F -.25(va)108 340.8 S
237(lue for man).25 F 2.737(yo)-.15 G 2.737(ft)-2.737 G .237
(hese operators, the)-2.737 F 2.737(yd)-.15 G 2.737(on)-2.737 G .237
(ot return `0' when the)-2.737 F 2.738(yf)-.15 G .238
(ail: most return `\2551', and)-2.838 F F1(F)2.738 E F0 .238
(returns `:'.)2.738 F .799
(If the shell is compiled with POSIX de\214ned \(see the)108 357.6 R F1
-.1(ve)3.298 G(rsion).1 E F0 .798(shell v)3.298 F .798
(ariable\), the result of a \214le inquiry is)-.25 F .603(based on the \
permission bits of the \214le and not on the result of the)108 369.6 R
F2(access)3.104 E F0 .604(\(2\) system call.)B -.15(Fo)5.604 G 3.104(re)
15 G .604(xample, if)-3.254 F 1.092(one tests a \214le with)108 381.6 R
F1<ad77>3.591 E F0 1.091(whose permissions w)3.591 F 1.091
(ould ordinarily allo)-.1 F 3.591(ww)-.25 G 1.091(riting b)-3.591 F
1.091(ut which is on a \214le system)-.2 F(mounted read-only)108 393.6 Q
2.5(,t)-.65 G(he test will succeed in a POSIX shell b)-2.5 E(ut f)-.2 E
(ail in a non-POSIX shell.)-.1 E(File inquiry operators can also be e)
108 410.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated with the).25 E F2(\214letest)2.5 E F0
-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(q.v).2 E(.\) \(+\).)-.65 E F1 -.15(Jo)87
427.2 S(bs).15 E F0 .099(The shell associates a)108 439.2 R F2(job)2.599
E F0 .099(with each pipeline.)2.599 F .099(It k)5.099 F .1
(eeps a table of current jobs, printed by the)-.1 F F2(jobs)2.6 E F0
(command,)2.6 E .423(and assigns them small inte)108 451.2 R .423
(ger numbers.)-.15 F .423
(When a job is started asynchronously with `&', the shell prints a)5.423
F(line which looks lik)108 463.2 Q(e)-.1 E([1] 1234)128 480 Q .08
(indicating that the job which w)108 496.8 R .08
(as started asynchronously w)-.1 F .08
(as job number 1 and had one \(top-le)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .08
(l\) process,).15 F(whose process id w)108 508.8 Q(as 1234.)-.1 E .574(\
If you are running a job and wish to do something else you may hit the \
suspend k)108 525.6 R .873 -.15(ey \()-.1 H .573(usually `^Z'\), which)
15 F .824(sends a ST)108 537.6 R .824(OP signal to the current job)-.18
F 5.825(.T)-.4 G .825
(he shell will then normally indicate that the job has been `Sus-)-5.825
F .915(pended' and print another prompt.)108 549.6 R .915(If the)5.915 F
F1(listjobs)3.415 E F0 .915(shell v)3.415 F .915
(ariable is set, all jobs will be listed lik)-.25 F 3.414(et)-.1 G(he)
-3.414 E F2(jobs)3.414 E F0 -.2(bu)108 561.6 S .026(iltin command; if i\
t is set to `long' the listing will be in long format, lik).2 F 2.526
(e`)-.1 G .026(jobs \255l'.)-2.526 F -1.1(Yo)5.026 G 2.526(uc)1.1 G .026
(an then manipu-)-2.526 F .391(late the state of the suspended job)108
573.6 R 5.391(.Y)-.4 G .391(ou can put it in the `)-6.491 F
(`background')-.74 E 2.891('w)-.74 G .391(ith the)-2.891 F F2(bg)2.891 E
F0 .391(command or run some)2.891 F .186(other commands and e)108 585.6
R -.15(ve)-.25 G .187(ntually bring the job back into the `).15 F(`fore)
-.74 E(ground')-.15 E 2.687('w)-.74 G(ith)-2.687 E F2(fg)2.687 E F0
5.187(.\()C .187(See also the)-5.187 F F2(run-fg-edi-)2.687 E(tor)108
597.6 Q F0 .916(editor command.\))3.416 F 3.416(A`)5.916 G .916(^Z' tak)
-3.416 F .915(es ef)-.1 F .915(fect immediately and is lik)-.25 F 3.415
(ea)-.1 G 3.415(ni)-3.415 G .915(nterrupt in that pending output and)
-3.415 F .051(unread input are discarded when it is typed.)108 609.6 R
(The)5.051 E F2(wait)2.551 E F0 -.2(bu)2.551 G .051
(iltin command causes the shell to w).2 F .051(ait for all back-)-.1 F
(ground jobs to complete.)108 621.6 Q 1.847(The `^]' k)108 638.4 R 2.147
-.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.847
(ends a delayed suspend signal, which does not generate a ST).15 F 1.846
(OP signal until a program)-.18 F .656(attempts to)108 650.4 R F2 -.37
(re)3.156 G(ad).37 E F0 .656(\(2\) it, to the current job)B 5.656(.T)-.4
G .656(his can usefully be typed ahead when you ha)-5.656 F .957 -.15
(ve p)-.2 H .657(repared some).15 F .449
(commands for a job which you wish to stop after it has read them.)108
662.4 R .449(The `^Y' k)5.449 F .749 -.15(ey p)-.1 H .449
(erforms this function in).15 F F2(csh)108 674.4 Q F0(\(1\); in)A F2
(tcsh)2.5 E F0 2.5(,`)C(^Y' is an editing command.)-2.5 E(\(+\))5 E
2.681(Aj)108 691.2 S .181(ob being run in the background stops if it tr\
ies to read from the terminal.)-2.681 F .181
(Background jobs are normally)5.181 F(allo)108 703.2 Q .319
(wed to produce output, b)-.25 F .319(ut this can be disabled by gi)-.2
F .318(ving the command `stty tostop'.)-.25 F .318(If you set this tty)
5.318 F .574(option, then background jobs will stop when the)108 715.2 R
3.075(yt)-.15 G .575(ry to produce output lik)-3.075 F 3.075(et)-.1 G
(he)-3.075 E 3.075(yd)-.15 G 3.075(ow)-3.075 G .575(hen the)-3.075 F
3.075(yt)-.15 G .575(ry to read)-3.075 F(input.)108 727.2 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R .492
(There are se)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .492(ral w).15 F .492
(ays to refer to jobs in the shell.)-.1 F .492
(The character `%' introduces a job name.)5.492 F .492(If you wish)5.492
F .239(to refer to job number 1, you can name it as `%1'.)108 96 R .239
(Just naming a job brings it to the fore)5.239 F .24(ground; thus `%1')
-.15 F .173(is a synon)108 108 R .172
(ym for `fg %1', bringing job 1 back into the fore)-.15 F 2.672
(ground. Similarly)-.15 F 2.672(,s)-.65 G .172
(aying `%1 &' resumes job 1)-2.672 F 1.282(in the background, just lik)
108 120 R 3.782(e`)-.1 G 1.282(bg %1'.)-3.782 F 3.783(Aj)6.282 G 1.283
(ob can also be named by an unambiguous pre\214x of the string)-3.783 F
681(typed in to start it: `%e)108 132 R .681(x' w)-.15 F .681
(ould normally restart a suspended)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)
3.18 G F0 .68(\(1\) job, if there were only one suspended).2 F .238
(job whose name be)108 144 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.738(nw).05 G .238
(ith the string `e)-2.738 F 2.738(x'. It)-.15 F .239
(is also possible to say `%?)2.738 F F1(string)A F0 2.739('t)C 2.739(os)
-2.739 G .239(pecify a job whose te)-2.739 F(xt)-.15 E(contains)108 156
Q F1(string)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(here is only one such job)
-2.5 E(.)-.4 E .033(The shell maintains a notion of the current and pre)
108 172.8 R .033(vious jobs.)-.25 F .032
(In output pertaining to jobs, the current job is)5.033 F(mark)108 184.8
Q .405(ed with a `+' and the pre)-.1 F .406(vious job with a `\255'.)
-.25 F .406(The abbre)5.406 F .406
(viations `%+', `%', and \(by analogy with the)-.25 F(syntax of the)108
196.8 Q F1(history)2.5 E F0(mechanism\) `%%' all refer to the current j\
ob, and `%\255' refers to the pre)2.5 E(vious job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E .69
(The job control mechanism requires that the)108 213.6 R F1(stty)3.19 E
F0 .69(\(1\) option `ne)B .689(w' be set on some systems.)-.25 F .689
(It is an artif)5.689 F(act)-.1 E 1.514(from a `ne)108 225.6 R 1.514
(w' implementation of the tty dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.014(rw).15 G
1.514(hich allo)-4.014 F 1.514
(ws generation of interrupt characters from the)-.25 F -.1(ke)108 237.6
S .349(yboard to tell jobs to stop.)-.05 F(See)5.349 E F1(stty)2.849 E
F0 .349(\(1\) and the)B F1(setty)2.849 E F0 -.2(bu)2.849 G .349
(iltin command for details on setting options in the).2 F(ne)108 249.6 Q
2.5(wt)-.25 G(ty dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.55(r.).15 G/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Status r)87 266.4 Q(eporting)-.18 E F0 .914
(The shell learns immediately whene)108 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.913
3.414(ra p).15 H .915(rocess changes state.)-3.414 F .915
(It normally informs you whene)5.915 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.415(raj).15 G
(ob)-3.415 E .979(becomes block)108 290.4 R .979
(ed so that no further progress is possible, b)-.1 F .978
(ut only right before it prints a prompt.)-.2 F .978(This is)5.978 F
064(done so that it does not otherwise disturb your w)108 302.4 R 2.565
(ork. If,)-.1 F(ho)2.565 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .865 -.4(r, y).15 H
065(ou set the shell v).4 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(notify)2.565 E F0 2.565
(,t)C .065(he shell)-2.565 F .3
(will notify you immediately of changes of status in background jobs.)
108 314.4 R .299(There is also a shell command)5.299 F F1(notify)2.799 E
F0 1.314(which marks a single process so that its status changes will b\
e immediately reported.)108 326.4 R 1.315(By def)6.315 F(ault)-.1 E F1
(notify)3.815 E F0(marks the current process; simply say `notify' after\
starting a background job to mark it.)108 338.4 Q .787
(When you try to lea)108 355.2 R 1.087 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .786
(he shell while jobs are stopped, you will be w).15 F .786
(arned that `Y)-.1 F .786(ou ha)-1.1 F 1.086 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .786
(topped jobs.).15 F(')-.7 E -1.1(Yo)108 367.2 S 3.248(um)1.1 G .748
(ay use the)-3.248 F F1(jobs)3.248 E F0 .748(command to see what the)
3.248 F 3.249(ya)-.15 G 3.249(re. If)-3.249 F .749
(you do this or immediately try to e)3.249 F .749(xit ag)-.15 F .749
(ain, the)-.05 F(shell will not w)108 379.2 Q
(arn you a second time, and the suspended jobs will be terminated.)-.1 E
F2 -.5(Au)87 396 S(tomatic, periodic and timed e).5 E -.1(ve)-.15 G
(nts \(+\)).1 E F0 .485(There are v)108 408 R .485(arious w)-.25 F .485
(ays to run commands and tak)-.1 F 2.985(eo)-.1 G .485
(ther actions automatically at v)-2.985 F .484(arious times in the `)
-.25 F(`life)-.74 E -.15(cy)108 420 S(cle').15 E 2.852('o)-.74 G 2.852
(ft)-2.852 G .352(he shell.)-2.852 F(The)5.352 E 2.852(ya)-.15 G .353
(re summarized here, and described in detail under the appropriate)
-2.852 F F2 .353(Builtin com-)2.853 F(mands)108 432 Q F0(,)A F2
(Special shell v)2.5 E(ariables)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(Special aliases)
2.5 E F0(.)A(The)108 448.8 Q F1(sc)2.772 E(hed)-.15 E F0 -.2(bu)2.772 G
272(iltin command puts commands in a scheduled-e).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
272(nt list, to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .271
(cuted by the shell at a gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(time.)108 460.8
Q(The)108 477.6 Q F1(beepcmd)3.047 E F0(,)A F1(cwdcmd)3.047 E F0(,)A F1
(periodic)3.047 E F0(,)A F1(pr)3.047 E(ecmd)-.37 E F0(,)A F1(postcmd)
3.047 E F0 3.047(,a)C(nd)-3.047 E F1(jobcmd)3.047 E F2 .547
(Special aliases)3.047 F F0 .547(can be set, respecti)3.047 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ly).15 E 3.048(,t)-.65 G(o)-3.048 E -.15(exe)108 489.6 S .777
(cute commands when the shell w).15 F .777
(ants to ring the bell, when the w)-.1 F .777
(orking directory changes, e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2(tpe-)3.276
E(riod)108 501.6 Q F0 .194
(minutes, before each prompt, before each command gets e)2.694 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .195(cuted, after each command gets e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted,).15 E(and when a job is started or is brought into the fore)108
513.6 Q(ground.)-.15 E(The)108 530.4 Q F2(autologout)3.608 E F0 1.108
(shell v)3.608 F 1.108
(ariable can be set to log out or lock the shell after a gi)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.607(nn).15 G 1.107(umber of minutes of)-3.607 F(inacti)108
542.4 Q(vity)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 559.2 Q F2(mail)2.5 E F0(shell v)
2.5 E(ariable can be set to check for ne)-.25 E 2.5(wm)-.25 G
(ail periodically)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 576 Q F2(printexitv)3.266 E
(alue)-.1 E F0 .766(shell v)3.266 F .767
(ariable can be set to print the e)-.25 F .767
(xit status of commands which e)-.15 F .767(xit with a status)-.15 F
(other than zero.)108 588 Q(The)108 604.8 Q F2(rmstar)2.5 E F0(shell v)
2.5 E(ariable can be set to ask the user)-.25 E 2.5(,w)-.4 G
(hen `rm *' is typed, if that is really what w)-2.5 E(as meant.)-.1 E
(The)108 621.6 Q F2(time)2.852 E F0 .351(shell v)2.852 F .351
(ariable can be set to e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .351(cute the).15 F F1
(time)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351
(iltin command after the completion of an).2 F 2.851(yp)-.15 G(rocess)
-2.851 E(that tak)108 633.6 Q(es more than a gi)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(nn).15 G(umber of CPU seconds.)-2.5 E(The)108 650.4 Q F2(watch)2.571 E
F0(and)2.571 E F2(who)2.571 E F0 .071(shell v)2.571 F .071(ariables can\
be set to report when selected users log in or out, and the)-.25 F F1
(lo)2.572 E(g)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)2.572 G(iltin).2 E
(command reports on those users at an)108 662.4 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G(ime.)
-2.5 E F2(Nati)87 679.2 Q .2 -.1(ve L)-.1 H
(anguage System support \(+\)).1 E F0 .505
(The shell is eight bit clean \(if so compiled; see the)108 691.2 R F2
-.1(ve)3.004 G(rsion).1 E F0 .504(shell v)3.004 F .504
(ariable\) and thus supports character sets)-.25 F .162
(needing this capability)108 703.2 R 5.163(.N)-.65 G .163
(LS support dif)-5.163 F .163
(fers depending on whether or not the shell w)-.25 F .163
(as compiled to use the)-.1 F(system')108 715.2 Q 3.748(sN)-.55 G 1.248
(LS \(ag)-3.748 F 1.248(ain, see)-.05 F F2 -.1(ve)3.748 G(rsion).1 E F0
3.748(\). In)B 1.248(either case, 7-bit ASCII is the def)3.748 F 1.248
(ault for character classi\214cation)-.1 F 1.152
(\(e.g., which characters are printable\) and sorting, and changing the)
108 727.2 R F2(LANG)3.653 E F0(or)3.653 E F2(LC_CTYPE)3.653 E F0(en)
3.653 E(vironment)-.4 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G
(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(20)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R -.25(va)108
84 S(riables causes a check for possible changes in these respects.).25
E .328(When using the system')108 100.8 R 2.827(sN)-.55 G .327(LS, the)
-2.827 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(setlocale)2.827 E F0 .327
(\(3\) function is called to determine appropriate character classi-)B
328(\214cation and sorting.)108 112.8 R .328(This function typically e)
5.328 F .328(xamines the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(LANG)2.828 E F0
(and)2.829 E F2(LC_CTYPE)2.829 E F0(en)2.829 E .329(vironment v)-.4 F
(ariables;)-.25 E .041
(refer to the system documentation for further details.)108 124.8 R .041
(When not using the system')5.041 F 2.54(sN)-.55 G .04
(LS, the shell simulates)-2.54 F .815
(it by assuming that the ISO 8859-1 character set is used whene)108
136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.315(re).15 G .815(ither of the)-3.315 F F2
(LANG)3.315 E F0(and)3.315 E F2(LC_CTYPE)3.315 E F0 -.25(va)108 148.8 S
(riables are set, re).25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(rdless of their v).05 E 2.5
(alues. Sorting)-.25 F(is not af)2.5 E(fected for the simulated NLS.)
-.25 E .956(In addition, with both real and simulated NLS, all printabl\
e characters in the range \\200\255\\377, i.e., those)108 165.6 R .535
(that ha)108 177.6 R .835 -.15(ve M)-.2 H(-).15 E F1 -.15(ch)C(ar).15 E
F0 .535(bindings, are automatically rebound to)3.035 F F1
(self-insert-command)3.036 E F0 5.536(.T)C .536
(he corresponding binding)-5.536 F 1.095(for the escape-)108 189.6 R F1
-.15(ch)C(ar).15 E F0 1.095(sequence, if an)3.595 F 2.395 -.65(y, i)-.15
H 3.594(sl).65 G 1.094(eft alone.)-3.594 F 1.094
(These characters are not rebound if the)6.094 F F2(NOREBIND)3.594 E F0
(en)108 201.6 Q 1.571(vironment v)-.4 F 1.571(ariable is set.)-.25 F
1.571(This may be useful for the simulated NLS or a primiti)6.571 F
1.872 -.15(ve r)-.25 H 1.572(eal NLS which).15 F .873
(assumes full ISO 8859-1.)108 213.6 R .873(Otherwise, all M-)5.873 F F1
-.15(ch)C(ar).15 E F0 .873(bindings in the range \\240\255\\377 are ef)
3.373 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .872(ly undone.).15 F
(Explicitly rebinding the rele)108 225.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(nt k).25 E
-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(bindk)2.5 E -.3(ey)-.1 G F0
(is of course still possible.)2.8 E(Unkno)108 242.4 Q .825(wn character\
s \(i.e., those that are neither printable nor control characters\) are\
printed in the format)-.25 F 3.55(\\nnn. If)108 254.4 R 1.05(the tty i\
s not in 8 bit mode, other 8 bit characters are printed by con)3.55 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G 1.049(rting them to ASCII and).15 F .368
(using standout mode.)108 266.4 R .369(The shell ne)5.368 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.869(rc).15 G .369
(hanges the 7/8 bit mode of the tty and tracks user)-2.869 F .369
(-initiated changes)-.2 F .544(of 7/8 bit mode.)108 278.4 R .544
(NLS users \(or)5.544 F 3.044(,f)-.4 G .543(or that matter)-3.044 F
3.043(,t)-.4 G .543(hose who w)-3.043 F .543(ant to use a meta k)-.1 F
-.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(\)m).15 G .543(ay need to e)-3.043 F(xplicitly)-.15
E(set the tty in 8 bit mode through the appropriate)108 290.4 Q F1(stty)
2.5 E F0(\(1\) command in, e.g., the)A F1(~/.lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1 E F0
(\214le.)2.5 E F2(OS v)87 307.2 Q(ariant support \(+\))-.1 E F0 3.325
(An)108 319.2 S .825(umber of ne)-3.325 F 3.325(wb)-.25 G .825
(uiltin commands are pro)-3.525 F .826
(vided to support features in particular operating systems.)-.15 F(All)
5.826 E(are described in detail in the)108 331.2 Q F2(Builtin commands)
2.5 E F0(section.)2.5 E .18
(On systems that support TCF \(aix-ibm370, aix-ps2\),)108 348 R F1 -.1
(ge)2.68 G(tspath).1 E F0(and)2.68 E F1(setspath)2.68 E F0 .18
(get and set the system e)2.68 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(path,)108
360 Q F1 -.1(ge)4.27 G(txver).1 E(s)-.1 E F0(and)4.27 E F1(setxver)4.27
E(s)-.1 E F0 1.77(get and set the e)4.27 F 1.77(xperimental v)-.15 F
1.77(ersion pre\214x and)-.15 F F1(migr)4.27 E(ate)-.15 E F0 1.77
(migrates processes)4.27 F(between sites.)108 372 Q(The)5 E F1(jobs)2.5
E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin prints the site on which each job is e).2 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .93(Under Domain/OS,)108 388.8 R F1(inlib)3.43
E F0 .929(adds shared libraries to the current en)3.43 F(vironment,)-.4
E F1 -.45(ro)3.429 G(otnode).45 E F0 .929(changes the rootnode)3.429 F
(and)108 400.8 Q F1(ver)2.5 E F0(changes the systype.)2.5 E(Under Mach,)
108 417.6 Q F1(setpath)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(lent to Mach').25 E(s)-.55 E F1(setpath)2.5 E F0(\(1\).)A
(Under Masscomp/R)108 434.4 Q(TU and Harris CX/UX,)-.6 E F1(univer)2.5 E
(se)-.1 E F0(sets the uni)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse.).15 E
(Under Harris CX/UX,)108 451.2 Q F1(ucb)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(att)2.5 E
F0(runs a command under the speci\214ed uni)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse.)
15 E(Under Con)108 468 Q -.15(vex)-.4 G(/OS,).15 E F1(warp)2.5 E F0
(prints or sets the uni)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse.).15 E(The)108 484.8 Q
F2(VENDOR)2.724 E F0(,)A F2(OSTYPE)2.724 E F0(and)2.724 E F2(MA)2.724 E
(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0(en)2.724 E .225(vironment v)-.4 F .225
(ariables indicate respecti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .225(ly the v).15 F
(endor)-.15 E 2.725(,o)-.4 G(per)-2.725 E(-)-.2 E .615(ating system and\
machine type \(microprocessor class or machine model\) of the system o\
n which the shell)108 496.8 R .146(thinks it is running.)108 508.8 R
147(These are particularly useful when sharing one')5.146 F 2.647(sh)
-.55 G .147(ome directory between se)-2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147
(ral types).15 F(of machines; one can, for e)108 520.8 Q(xample,)-.15 E
(set path = \(~/bin.$MA)128 537.6 Q(CHTYPE /usr/ucb /bin /usr/bin .\))
-.4 E(in one')108 554.4 Q(s)-.55 E F1(~/.lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1 E F0
(and put e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutables compiled for each machine in the appropriate directory).15 E
(.)-.65 E(The)108 571.2 Q F2 -.1(ve)2.5 G(rsion).1 E F0(shell v)2.5 E
(ariable indicates what options were chosen when the shell w)-.25 E
(as compiled.)-.1 E .011(Note also the)108 588 R F1(ne)2.511 E(wgrp)-.15
E F0 -.2(bu)2.511 G .011(iltin, the).2 F F2(afsuser)2.511 E F0(and)2.511
E F2(echo_style)2.511 E F0 .011(shell v)2.511 F .01
(ariables and the system-dependent locations)-.25 F(of the shell')108
600 Q 2.5(si)-.55 G(nput \214les \(see)-2.5 E F2(FILES)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2
(Signal handling)87 616.8 Q F0 .623
(Login shells ignore interrupts when reading the \214le)108 628.8 R F1
(~/.lo)3.123 E(gout)-.1 E F0 5.623(.T)C .624
(he shell ignores quit signals unless started)-5.623 F(with)108 640.8 Q
F2<ad71>3.282 E F0 5.782(.L)C .782
(ogin shells catch the terminate signal, b)-5.782 F .782
(ut non-login shells inherit the terminate beha)-.2 F .782(vior from)-.2
F(their parents.)108 652.8 Q(Other signals ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he v).15 E(alues which the shell inherited from its parent.)-.25 E .331
(In shell scripts, the shell')108 669.6 R 2.832(sh)-.55 G .332
(andling of interrupt and terminate signals can be controlled with)
-2.832 F F1(onintr)2.832 E F0 2.832(,a)C .332(nd its)-2.832 F
(handling of hangups can be controlled with)108 681.6 Q F1(hup)2.5 E F0
(and)2.5 E F1(nohup)2.5 E F0(.)A .364(The shell e)108 698.4 R .364
(xits on a hangup \(see also the)-.15 F F2(logout)2.864 E F0 .364
(shell v)2.864 F 2.864(ariable\). By)-.25 F(def)2.864 E .363
(ault, the shell')-.1 F 2.863(sc)-.55 G .363(hildren do too, b)-2.863 F
(ut)-.2 E .352(the shell does not send them a hangup when it e)108 710.4
R(xits.)-.15 E F1(hup)5.353 E F0 .353
(arranges for the shell to send a hangup to a child)2.853 F(when it e)
108 722.4 Q(xits, and)-.15 E F1(nohup)2.5 E F0
(sets a child to ignore hangups.)2.5 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)
137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(21)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.92(Te)87 84 S(rminal management \(+\)).92 E F0 .36
(The shell uses three dif)108 96 R .36(ferent sets of terminal \(`)-.25
F(`tty')-.74 E .36
('\) modes: `edit', used when editing, `quote', used when)-.74 F .27
(quoting literal characters, and `e)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .27
(cute', used when e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .27(cuting commands.).15 F .27
(The shell holds some settings in)5.27 F .875
(each mode constant, so commands which lea)108 120 R 1.175 -.15(ve t)-.2
H .875(he tty in a confused state do not interfere with the shell.).15 F
2(The shell also matches changes in the speed and padding of the tty)
108 132 R 5.2(.T)-.65 G .2(he list of tty modes that are k)-5.2 F .2
(ept con-)-.1 F 1.19(stant can be e)108 144 R 1.19
(xamined and modi\214ed with the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(setty)
3.69 E F0 -.2(bu)3.69 G 3.69(iltin. Note).2 F 1.19
(that although the editor uses CBREAK)3.69 F(mode \(or its equi)108 156
Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent\), it tak).25 E(es typed-ahead characters an)-.1 E
(yw)-.15 E(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 172.8 Q F2(ec)3.05 E(hotc)-.15 E F0
(,)A F2(settc)3.05 E F0(and)3.05 E F2(telltc)3.05 E F0 .551
(commands can be used to manipulate and deb)3.05 F .551
(ug terminal capabilities from the)-.2 F(command line.)108 184.8 Q .66
(On systems that support SIGWINCH or SIGWINDO)108 201.6 R 2.499 -.92
(W, t)-.35 H .659(he shell adapts to windo).92 F 3.159(wr)-.25 G .659
(esizing automatically)-3.159 F .318(and adjusts the en)108 213.6 R .318
(vironment v)-.4 F(ariables)-.25 E F1(LINES)2.818 E F0(and)2.818 E F1
(COLUMNS)2.819 E F0 .319(if set.)2.819 F .319(If the en)5.319 F .319
(vironment v)-.4 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(TERM-)2.819 E(CAP)108 225.6 Q F0(c\
ontains li# and co# \214elds, the shell adjusts them to re\215ect the n\
e)2.5 E 2.5(ww)-.25 G(indo)-2.5 E 2.5(ws)-.25 G(ize.)-2.5 E/F3 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(REFERENCE)72 242.4 Q F0 .355(The ne)108 254.4 R .355
(xt sections of this manual describe all of the a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable).25 E F1 .355(Builtin commands)2.855 F F0(,)A F1 .355
(Special aliases)2.855 F F0(and)2.855 E F1(Spe-)2.855 E(cial shell v)108
266.4 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(Builtin commands)87 283.2 Q(%)108 295.2
Q F2(job)A F0 2.5(As)17.22 G(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for the)-.15 E F2(fg)2.5 E
F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(%)108 312 Q F2(job)A F1(&)2.5 E
F0 2.5(As)6.39 G(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for the)-.15 E F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5
G(iltin command.).2 E F1(:)108 328.8 Q F0(Does nothing, successfully)
36.67 E(.)-.65 E F1(@)108 345.6 Q(@)108 357.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F1(=)2.5 E
F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(@)108 369.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2(inde)A
(x)-.2 E F0(])A F1(=)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(@)108 381.6 Q F2
(name)2.5 E F1(++)A F0(|)A F1(--)A(@)108 393.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2
(inde)A(x)-.2 E F0(])A F1(++)A F0(|)A F1(--)A F0
(The \214rst form prints the v)148 405.6 Q(alues of all shell v)-.25 E
(ariables.)-.25 E .627(The second form assigns the v)148 422.4 R .628
(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.128 G(pr).2 E F0(to)3.128 E F2(name)3.128 E
F0 5.628(.T)C .628(he third form assigns the v)-5.628 F .628(alue of)
-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.128 G(pr).2 E F0(to)3.128 E(the)148 434.4 Q F2(inde)
2.5 E(x)-.2 E F0 -.18('t)C 2.5(hc).18 G(omponent of)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E
F0 2.5(;b)C(oth)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(and its)2.5 E F2(inde)2.5 E(x)
-.2 E F0 -.18('t)C 2.5(hc).18 G(omponent must already e)-2.5 E(xist.)
-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)148 451.2 S(pr).2 E F0 .696
(may contain the operators `*', `+', etc., as in C.)3.196 F(If)5.695 E
F2 -.2(ex)3.195 G(pr).2 E F0 .695(contains `<', `>', `&' or `' then at)
3.195 F .553(least that part of)148 463.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.053 G(pr).2 E F0
553(must be placed within `\(\)'.)3.053 F .553(Note that the syntax of)
5.553 F F2 -.2(ex)3.053 G(pr).2 E F0 .554(has nothing to do)3.053 F
(with that described under)148 475.2 Q F1(Expr)2.5 E(essions)-.18 E F0
(.)A .331(The fourth and \214fth forms increment \(`++'\) or decrement \
\(`\255\255'\))148 492 R F2(name)2.831 E F0 .33(or its)2.83 F F2(inde)
2.83 E(x)-.2 E F0 -.18('t)C 2.83(hc).18 G(omponent.)-2.83 E .033
(The space between `@' and)148 508.8 R F2(name)2.533 E F0 .033
(is required.)2.533 F .033(The spaces between)5.033 F F2(name)2.533 E F0
033(and `=' and between `=')2.533 F(and)148 520.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr)
2 E F0(are optional.)2.5 E(Components of)5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0
(must be separated by spaces.)2.5 E F1(alias)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
(name)A F0([)2.5 E F2(wor)A(dlist)-.37 E F0(]])A -.4(Wi)148 549.6 S
1.793(thout ar).4 F 1.792(guments, prints all aliases.)-.18 F -.4(Wi)
6.792 G(th).4 E F2(name)4.292 E F0 4.292(,p)C 1.792
(rints the alias for name.)-4.292 F -.4(Wi)6.792 G(th).4 E F2(name)4.292
E F0(and)4.292 E F2(wor)148 561.6 Q(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.742(,a)C(ssigns)
-3.742 E F2(wor)3.742 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.242(as the alias of)3.742 F F2
(name)3.742 E F0(.)A F2(wor)6.242 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.243
(is command and \214lename substituted.)3.742 F F2(name)148 573.6 Q F0
(may not be `alias' or `unalias'.)2.5 E(See also the)5 E F2(unalias)2.5
E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(alloc)108 590.4 Q F0(Sho)20 E
325(ws the amount of dynamic memory acquired, brok)-.25 F .324(en do)
-.1 F .324(wn into used and free memory)-.25 F 5.324(.W)-.65 G(ith)
-5.724 E .078(an ar)148 602.4 R .078(gument sho)-.18 F .079
(ws the number of free and used blocks in each size cate)-.25 F(gory)
-.15 E 5.079(.T)-.65 G .079(he cate)-5.079 F .079(gories start)-.15 F
232(at size 8 and double at each step.)148 614.4 R .231(This command')
5.231 F 2.731(so)-.55 G .231(utput may v)-2.731 F .231
(ary across system types, because)-.25 F(systems other than the V)148
626.4 Q(AX may use a dif)-1.35 E(ferent memory allocator)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
F1(bg)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(%)A F2(job)A F0(...])2.5 E .97
(Puts the speci\214ed jobs \(or)148 655.2 R 3.47(,w)-.4 G .97(ithout ar)
-3.47 F .97(guments, the current job\) into the background, continuing)
-.18 F(each if it is stopped.)148 667.2 Q F2(job)5 E F0(may be a number)
2.5 E 2.5(,as)-.4 G(tring, `', `%', `+' or `\255' as described under)
-2.5 E F1 -.15(Jo)2.5 G(bs).15 E F0(.)A F1(bindk)108 684 Q(ey)-.1 E F0
([)2.5 E F1<ad6c>A F0(|)A F1<ad64>A F0(|)A F1<ad65>A F0(|)A F1<ad76>A F0
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434.4 Q F2(quoted-insert)2.79 E F0 2.79(,n)C .289
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(The last three types of completion may not ha)5.02 F .32 -.15(ve a)-.2
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(ord in the list\).)-.1 F .06
(The leading `\255' indicates that this com-)5.06 F
(pletion is to be used with only ambiguous commands.)148 405.6 Q 2.5(>c)
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(wing `\214nd' and immediately follo)-.25 F(wing)-.25 E
(`\255user' is completed from the list of users.)148 451.2 Q 2.5(>c)168
468 S(omplete cc 'c/\255I/d/')-2.5 E(demonstrates)148 484.8 Q F1(c)3.043
E F0 .543(-type completion.)B(An)5.543 E 3.043(yw)-.15 G .543(ord follo)
-3.143 F .542(wing `cc' and be)-.25 F .542
(ginning with `\255I' is completed)-.15 F(as a directory)148 496.8 Q 5
(.`)-.65 G(\255I' is not tak)-5 E
(en as part of the directory because we used lo)-.1 E(wercase)-.25 E F1
(c)2.5 E F0(.)A(Dif)148 513.6 Q(ferent)-.25 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(sa)C
(re useful with dif)-2.5 E(ferent commands.)-.25 E 2.5(>c)168 530.4 S
(omplete alias 'p/1/a/')-2.5 E 2.5(>c)168 542.4 S(omplete man 'p/*/c/')
-2.5 E 2.5(>c)168 554.4 S(omplete set 'p/1/s/')-2.5 E 2.5(>c)168 566.4 S
(omplete true 'p/1/x:T)-2.5 E(ruth has no options./')-.35 E .59
(These complete w)148 583.2 R .59(ords follo)-.1 F .591
(wing `alias' with aliases, `man' with commands, and `set' with shell)
-.25 F -.25(va)148 595.2 S 3.209(riables. `true').25 F(doesn')3.209 E
3.209(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.209 H(an)3.409 E 3.209(yo)-.15 G .709
(ptions, so)-3.209 F F1(x)3.209 E F0 .708
(does nothing when completion is attempted and)3.209 F(prints `T)148
607.2 Q(ruth has no options.)-.35 E 2.5('w)-.7 G
(hen completion choices are listed.)-2.5 E .46(Note that the)148 624 R
F2(man)2.96 E F0 -.15(ex)2.96 G .46(ample, and se).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
46(ral other e).15 F .46(xamples belo)-.15 F 1.76 -.65(w, c)-.25 H .46
(ould just as well ha).65 F .76 -.15(ve u)-.2 H .46(sed 'c/*').15 F
(or 'n/*' as 'p/*'.)148 636 Q -.8(Wo)148 652.8 S
(rds can be completed from a v).8 E(ariable e)-.25 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(luated at completion time,).25 E 2.5(>c)168 669.6 S
(omplete ftp 'p/1/$hostnames/')-2.5 E 2.5(>s)168 681.6 S
(et hostnames = \(rtfm.mit.edu tesla.ee.cornell.edu\))-2.5 E 2.5(>f)168
693.6 S(tp [^D])-2.5 E(rtfm.mit.edu tesla.ee.cornell.edu)168 705.6 Q 2.5
(>f)168 717.6 S(tp [^C])-2.5 E 2.5(>s)168 729.6 S
(et hostnames = \(rtfm.mit.edu tesla.ee.cornell.edu uunet.uu.net\))-2.5
E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(25)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R 2.5(>f)168 84
S(tp [^D])-2.5 E(rtfm.mit.edu tesla.ee.cornell.edu uunet.uu.net)168 96 Q
(or from a command run at completion time:)148 112.8 Q 2.5(>c)168 129.6
S(omplete kill 'p/*/`ps | a)-2.5 E(wk \\{print\\ \\$1\\}`/')-.15 E 2.5
(>k)168 141.6 S(ill \2559 [^D])-2.5 E
(23113 23377 23380 23406 23429 23529 23530 PID)168 153.6 Q .349
(Note that the)148 170.4 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(complete)2.849 E F0
349(command does not itself quote its ar)2.849 F .348
(guments, so the braces, space and `$')-.18 F
(in `{print $1}' must be quoted e)148 182.4 Q(xplicitly)-.15 E(.)-.65 E
(One command can ha)148 199.2 Q .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ultiple completions:)
15 E 2.5(>c)168 216 S(omplete dbx 'p/2/\(core\)/' 'p/*/c/')-2.5 E .52
(completes the second ar)148 232.8 R .521(gument to `dbx' with the w)
-.18 F .521(ord `core' and all other ar)-.1 F .521(guments with com-)
-.18 F 5.587(mands. Note)148 244.8 R 3.086
(that the positional completion is speci\214ed before the ne)5.587 F
(xt-w)-.15 E 3.086(ord completion.)-.1 F .473(Because completions are e)
148 256.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .474(luated from left to right, if the ne).25
F(xt-w)-.15 E .474(ord completion were speci\214ed)-.1 F 1.339
(\214rst it w)148 268.8 R 1.339(ould al)-.1 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.339
(ys match and the positional completion w).1 F 1.339(ould ne)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.838(rb).15 G 3.838(ee)-3.838 G -.15(xe)-3.988 G 3.838
(cuted. This).15 F 1.338(is a)3.838 F(common mistak)148 280.8 Q 2.5(ew)
-.1 G(hen de\214ning a completion.)-2.5 E(The)148 297.6 Q F1(select)
2.841 E F0 .341(pattern is useful when a command tak)2.841 F .342
(es \214les with only particular forms as ar)-.1 F(guments.)-.18 E -.15
(Fo)148 309.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample,)-2.65 E 2.5(>c)168 326.4 S
(omplete cc 'p/*/f:*.[cao]/')-2.5 E .915(completes `cc' ar)148 343.2 R
914(guments to \214les ending in only `.c', `.a', or `.o'.)-.18 F F1
(select)5.914 E F0 .914(can also e)3.414 F .914(xclude \214les,)-.15 F
(using ne)148 355.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(tion of a glob-pattern as described under).05 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Filename substitution)2.5 E F0 5(.O)C(ne might use)-5 E 2.5(>c)168 372
S(omplete rm 'p/*/f:^*.{c,h,cc,C,te)-2.5 E(x,1,man,l,y}/')-.15 E .586
(to e)148 388.8 R .586
(xclude precious source code from `rm' completion.)-.15 F .587
(Of course, one could still type e)5.586 F(xcluded)-.15 E 1.952
(names manually or o)148 400.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.952
(rride the completion mechanism using the).15 F F1(complete-wor)4.452 E
(d-r)-.37 E(aw)-.15 E F0(or)4.451 E F1(list-)4.451 E -.15(ch)148 412.8 S
(oices-r).15 E(aw)-.15 E F0(editor commands \(q.v)2.5 E(.\).)-.65 E .037
(The `C', `D', `F' and `T')148 429.6 R F1(list)2.537 E F0 2.537(sa)C
037(re lik)-2.537 F 2.537(e`)-.1 G .037(c', `d', `f)-2.537 F 2.537('a)
55 G .037(nd `t' respecti)-2.537 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.537(,b)
-.65 G .037(ut the)-2.737 F 2.537(yu)-.15 G .037(se the)-2.537 F F1
(select)2.537 E F0(ar)2.537 E(gu-)-.18 E .099(ment in a dif)148 441.6 R
099(ferent w)-.25 F .099(ay: to restrict completion to \214les be)-.1 F
098(ginning with a particular path pre\214x.)-.15 F -.15(Fo)5.098 G(r)
15 E -.15(ex)148 453.6 S .646
(ample, the Elm mail program uses `=' as an abbre).15 F .646
(viation for one')-.25 F 3.146(sm)-.55 G .646(ail directory)-3.146 F
5.646(.O)-.65 G .646(ne might)-5.646 F(use)148 465.6 Q 2.5(>c)168 482.4
S(omplete elm c@=@F:$HOME/Mail/@)-2.5 E 1.214
(to complete `elm \255f =' as if it were `elm \255f ~/Mail/'.)148 499.2
R 1.213(Note that we used `@' instead of `/' to)6.213 F -.2(avo)148
511.2 S 1.202(id confusion with the).2 F F1(select)3.702 E F0(ar)3.702 E
1.202(gument, and we used `$HOME' instead of `~' because home)-.18 F
(directory substitution w)148 523.2 Q(orks at only the be)-.1 E
(ginning of a w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1(suf)148 540 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is used to add a nonstandard suf)2.5 E
(\214x \(not space or `/' for directories\) to completed w)-.25 E(ords.)
-.1 E 2.5(>c)168 556.8 S(omplete \214nger 'c/*@/$hostnames/' 'p/1/u/@')
-2.5 E .555(completes ar)148 573.6 R .555(guments to `\214nger' from th\
e list of users, appends an `@', and then completes after)-.18 F .341
(the `@' from the `hostnames' v)148 585.6 R 2.841(ariable. Note)-.25 F
(ag)2.841 E .342(ain the order in which the completions are speci-)-.05
F(\214ed.)148 597.6 Q(Finally)148 614.4 Q 2.5(,h)-.65 G(ere')-2.5 E 2.5
(sac)-.55 G(omple)-2.5 E 2.5(xe)-.15 G(xample for inspiration:)-2.65 E
2.5(>c)168 631.2 S(omplete \214nd \\)-2.5 E
(\264n/\255name/f/' 'n/\255ne)168 643.2 Q
(wer/f/' 'n/\255{,n}cpio/f/' \\)-.25 E<b46e2fad65>168 655.2 Q -.15(xe)
-.15 G(c/c/' 'n/\255ok/c/' 'n/\255user/u/' \\).15 E
(\264n/\255group/g/' 'n/\255fstype/\(nfs 4.2\)/' \\)168 667.2 Q
(\264n/\255type/\(b c d f l p s\)/' \\)168 679.2 Q(\264c/\255/\(name ne)
168 691.2 Q(wer cpio ncpio e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(co).15 G 2.5(ku)
-2.5 G(ser \\)-2.5 E(group fstype type atime ctime depth inum \\)168
703.2 Q(ls mtime nogroup nouser perm print prune \\)168 715.2 Q
(size xde)168 727.2 Q(v\)/' \\)-.25 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)
137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(26)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(\264p/*/d/')
168 84 Q 1.129(This completes w)148 100.8 R 1.129(ords follo)-.1 F 1.129
(wing `\255name', `\255ne)-.25 F 1.128
(wer', `\255cpio' or `ncpio' \(note the pattern which)-.25 F 1.14
(matches both\) to \214les, w)148 112.8 R 1.141(ords follo)-.1 F 1.141
(wing `\255e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.141(c' or `\255ok' to commands, w)
15 F 1.141(ords follo)-.1 F 1.141(wing `user')-.25 F .825
(and `group' to users and groups respecti)148 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
824(ly and w).15 F .824(ords follo)-.1 F .824
(wing `\255fstype' or `\255type' to mem-)-.25 F .224(bers of the gi)148
136.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.724(nl).15 G 2.724(ists. It)-2.724 F .225
(also completes the switches themselv)2.725 F .225(es from the gi)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.725(nl).15 G .225(ist \(note the use)-2.725 F(of)148
148.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(c)2.5 E F0
(-type completion\) and completes an)A
(ything not otherwise completed to a directory)-.15 E 5(.W)-.65 G(he)-5
E -.65(w.)-.25 G .472
(Remember that programmed completions are ignored if the w)148 165.6 R
471(ord being completed is a tilde sub-)-.1 F .317(stitution \(be)148
177.6 R .317(ginning with `~'\) or a v)-.15 F .317(ariable \(be)-.25 F
317(ginning with `$'\).)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(complete)5.317 E
F0 .317(is an e)2.817 F .318(xperimental fea-)-.15 F .723
(ture, and the syntax may change in future v)148 189.6 R .723
(ersions of the shell.)-.15 F .723(See also the)5.723 F F2(uncomplete)
3.223 E F0 -.2(bu)3.223 G(iltin).2 E(command.)148 201.6 Q F1(continue)
108 218.4 Q F0 .469(Continues e)148 230.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .469
(cution of the nearest enclosing).15 F F2(while)2.969 E F0(or)2.969 E F2
(for)2.969 E(eac)-.37 E(h)-.15 E F0 5.469(.T)C .47
(he rest of the commands on the)-5.469 F(current line are e)148 242.4 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(default:)108 259.2 Q F0(Labels the def)
6.67 E(ault case in a)-.1 E F2(switc)2.5 E(h)-.15 E F0 2.5
(statement. It)2.5 F(should come after all)2.5 E F2(case)2.5 E F0
(labels.)2.5 E F1(dirs)108 276 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6c>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(|)A F1<ad76>A F0(])A F1(dirs \255S)108 288 Q F0(|)A F1
<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0 2.5(]\()C(+\))-2.5 E F1
(dirs \255c)108 300 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .532
(The \214rst form prints the directory stack.)148 312 R .532
(The top of the stack is at the left and the \214rst directory)5.532 F
135(in the stack is the current directory)148 324 R 5.135(.W)-.65 G
(ith)-5.535 E F1<ad6c>2.635 E F0 2.635(,`)C .135(~' or `~)-2.635 F F2
(name)A F0 2.635('i)C 2.635(nt)-2.635 G .135(he output is e)-2.635 F
135(xpanded e)-.15 F .135(xplicitly to)-.15 F F1(home)148 336 Q F0
1.027(or the pathname of the home directory for user)3.527 F F2(name)
3.527 E F0 6.027(.\()C 1.027(+\) W)-6.027 F(ith)-.4 E F1<ad6e>3.527 E F0
3.527(,e)C 1.026(ntries are wrapped)-3.527 F .585(before the)148 348 R
3.085(yr)-.15 G .585(each the edge of the screen.)-3.085 F .585(\(+\) W)
5.585 F(ith)-.4 E F1<ad76>3.085 E F0 3.085(,e)C .586
(ntries are printed one per line, preceded)-3.085 F .773
(by their stack positions.)148 360 R .772(\(+\) If more than one of)
5.772 F F1<ad6e>3.272 E F0(or)3.272 E F1<ad76>3.272 E F0 .772(is gi)
3.272 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1<ad76>3.272 E F0(tak)3.272 E .772
(es precedence.)-.1 F F1<ad70>5.772 E F0(is)3.272 E(accepted b)148 372 Q
(ut does nothing.)-.2 E -.4(Wi)148 388.8 S(th).4 E F1<ad53>3.065 E F0
3.065(,t)C .565(he second form sa)-3.065 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.065(st).15 G
565(he directory stack to)-3.065 F F2(\214lename)3.066 E F0 .566
(as a series of)3.066 F F2(cd)3.066 E F0(and)3.066 E F2(pushd)3.066 E F0
(com-)3.066 E 2.992(mands. W)148 400.8 R(ith)-.4 E F1<ad4c>2.992 E F0
2.992(,t)C .492(he shell sources)-2.992 F F2(\214lename)2.992 E F0 2.992
(,w)C .492(hich is presumably a directory stack \214le sa)-2.992 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.992(db).15 G(y)-2.992 E(the)148 412.8 Q F1<ad53>2.981 E F0
481(option or the)2.981 F F1(sa)2.982 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(dirs).1 E F0
2.982(mechanism. In)2.982 F .482(either case,)2.982 F F1(dirs\214le)
2.982 E F0 .482(is used if)2.982 F F2(\214lename)2.982 E F0 .482
(is not gi)2.982 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(and)148 424.8 Q F2(~/.cshdir)
2.5 E(s)-.1 E F0(is used if)2.5 E F1(dirs\214le)2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.5 E
943(Note that login shells do the equi)148 441.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .942
(lent of `dirs \255L).25 F 3.442('o)-.92 G 3.442(ns)-3.442 G .942
(tartup and, if)-3.442 F F1(sa)3.442 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(dirs).1 E F0 .942
(is set, `dirs \255S')3.442 F .12(before e)148 453.6 R 2.62
(xiting. Because)-.15 F(only)2.62 E F2(~/.tcshr)2.62 E(c)-.37 E F0 .12
(is normally sourced before)2.62 F F2(~/.cshdir)2.62 E(s)-.1 E F0(,)A F1
(dirs\214le)2.62 E F0 .12(should be set)2.62 F(in)148 465.6 Q F2
(~/.tcshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(rather than)2.5 E F2(~/.lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1 E
F0(.)A(The last form clears the directory stack.)148 482.4 Q F1(echo)108
499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0(])A F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(...)2.5 E
587(Writes each)148 511.2 R F2(wor)3.087 E(d)-.37 E F0 .587
(to the shell')3.087 F 3.087(ss)-.55 G .586
(tandard output, separated by spaces and terminated with a ne)-3.087 F
(w-)-.25 E 2.75(line. The)148 523.2 R F1(echo_style)2.75 E F0 .25
(shell v)2.75 F .25(ariable may be set to emulate \(or not\) the \215ag\
s and escape sequences)-.25 F(of the BSD and/or System V v)148 535.2 Q
(ersions of)-.15 E F2(ec)2.5 E(ho)-.15 E F0 2.5(;s)C(ee)-2.5 E F2(ec)2.5
E(ho)-.15 E F0(\(1\).)A F1(echotc)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255sv)A F0(])
A F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(... \(+\))2.5 E(Ex)148 564 Q .96
(ercises the terminal capabilities \(see)-.15 F F2(termcap)3.459 E F0
959(\(5\)\) in)B F2(ar)3.459 E(gs)-.37 E F0 5.959(.F)C .959(or e)-6.109
F .959(xample, 'echotc home' sends)-.15 F .226(the cursor to the home p\
osition, 'echotc cm 3 10' sends it to column 3 and ro)148 576 R 2.726
(w1)-.25 G .226(0, and 'echotc ts)-2.726 F
(0; echo "This is a test."; echotc fs' prints "This is a test.")148 588
Q(in the status line.)5 E(If)148 604.8 Q F2(ar)3.137 E(g)-.37 E F0 .637
(is 'baud', 'cols', ')3.137 F .637(lines', 'meta' or ')-.1 F .636
(tabs', prints the v)-.18 F .636
(alue of that capability \("yes" or "no")-.25 F .031
(indicating that the terminal does or does not ha)148 616.8 R .332 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .032(hat capability\).).15 F .032(One might use this to mak)
5.032 F 2.532(et)-.1 G(he)-2.532 E .273
(output from a shell script less v)148 628.8 R .273(erbose on slo)-.15 F
2.772(wt)-.25 G .272(erminals, or limit command output to the number)
-2.772 F(of lines on the screen:)148 640.8 Q 2.5(>s)168 657.6 S
(et history=`echotc lines`)-2.5 E 2.5(>@h)168 669.6 S(istory\255\255)
-2.5 E -.7(Te)148 686.4 S 1.309
(rmcap strings may contain wildcards which will not echo correctly).7 F
6.309(.O)-.65 G 1.31(ne should use double)-6.309 F .92
(quotes when setting a shell v)148 698.4 R .92
(ariable to a terminal capability string, as in the follo)-.25 F .92
(wing e)-.25 F(xample)-.15 E(that places the date in the status line:)
148 710.4 Q(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5
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S(et tosl="`echotc ts 0`")-2.5 E 2.5(>s)168 96 S(et frsl="`echotc fs`")
-2.5 E 2.5(>e)168 108 S(cho \255n "$tosl";date; echo \255n "$frsl")-2.5
E -.4(Wi)148 124.8 S(th).4 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>3.407 E F0 3.407
(,n)C(one)-3.407 E .908(xistent capabilities return the empty string ra\
ther than causing an error)-.15 F 5.908(.W)-.55 G(ith)-6.308 E F1<ad76>
3.408 E F0(,)A(messages are v)148 136.8 Q(erbose.)-.15 E F1(else)108
153.6 Q(end)108 165.6 Q(endif)108 177.6 Q(endsw)108 189.6 Q F0
(See the description of the)13.33 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(for)2.5 E
(eac)-.37 E(h)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(if)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(switc)2.5 E(h)-.15 E
F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(while)2.5 E F0(statements belo)2.5 E -.65(w.)
-.25 G F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 206.4 T(l).15 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0
(...)2.5 E -.35(Tr)148 218.4 S .155(eats the ar).35 F .155
(guments as input to the shell and e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .155
(cutes the resulting command\(s\) in the conte).15 F .155(xt of)-.15 F
509(the current shell.)148 230.4 R .509(This is usually used to e)5.509
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .51(cute commands generated as the result of command)
15 F .435(or v)148 242.4 R .435(ariable substitution, because parsing \
occurs before these substitutions.)-.25 F(See)5.434 E F2(tset)2.934 E F0
434(\(1\) for a sam-)B(ple use of)148 254.4 Q F2 -.15(ev)2.5 G(al).15 E
F0(.)A F1(exec)108 271.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0(Ex)148 283.2 Q
(ecutes the speci\214ed command in place of the current shell.)-.15 E F1
(exit)108 300 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(])A 1.744(The shell e)
148 312 R 1.744(xits either with the v)-.15 F 1.744
(alue of the speci\214ed)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)4.244 G(pr).2 E F0 1.744
(\(an e)4.244 F 1.744(xpression, as described under)-.15 F F1(Expr)148
324 Q(essions)-.18 E F0 2.5(\)o)C .8 -.4(r, w)-2.5 H(ithout).4 E F2 -.2
(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 2.5(,w)C(ith the v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1
(status)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable.).25 E F1(fg)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5
E F1(%)A F2(job)A F0(...])2.5 E .47(Brings the speci\214ed jobs \(or)148
352.8 R 2.969(,w)-.4 G .469(ithout ar)-2.969 F .469
(guments, the current job\) into the fore)-.18 F .469
(ground, continuing)-.15 F .609(each if it is stopped.)148 364.8 R F2
(job)5.609 E F0 .609(may be a number)3.109 F 3.109(,as)-.4 G .609
(tring, `', `%', `+' or `\255' as described under)-3.109 F F1 -.15(Jo)
3.109 G(bs).15 E F0(.)A(See also the)148 376.8 Q F2(run-fg-editor)2.5 E
F0(editor command.)2.5 E F1(\214letest \255)108 393.6 Q F2(op \214le)A
F0(... \(+\))2.5 E(Applies)148 405.6 Q F2(op)3.286 E F0 .785
(\(which is a \214le inquiry operator as described under)3.286 F F1 .785
(File inquiry operators)3.285 F F0 3.285(\)t)C 3.285(oe)-3.285 G(ach)
-3.285 E F2(\214le)148 417.6 Q F0
(and returns the results as a space-separated list.)2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108
434.4 S -.18(re).25 G(ach).18 E F2(name)2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2(wor)A
(dlist)-.37 E F1(\))A F0(...)108 446.4 Q F1(end)108 458.4 Q F0(Successi)
24.44 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.393(ly sets the v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)
3.893 E F0 1.394(to each member of)3.893 F F2(wor)3.894 E(dlist)-.37 E
F0 1.394(and e)3.894 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.394(cutes the sequence of).15 F
1.373(commands between this command and the matching)148 470.4 R F2(end)
3.873 E F0 6.373(.\()C(Both)-6.373 E F2(for)3.873 E(eac)-.37 E(h)-.15 E
F0(and)3.873 E F2(end)3.873 E F0 1.373(must appear)3.873 F .132
(alone on separate lines.\))148 482.4 R .132(The b)5.132 F .132
(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(continue)2.632 E F0 .132
(may be used to continue the loop prema-)2.632 F .988(turely and the b)
148 494.4 R .987(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(br)3.487 E(eak)-.37 E F0 .987
(to terminate it prematurely)3.487 F 5.987(.W)-.65 G .987
(hen this command is read)-5.987 F 1.457(from the terminal, the loop is\
read once prompting with `foreach? ' \(or)148 506.4 R F1(pr)3.958 E
(ompt2)-.18 E F0 3.958(\)b)C 1.458(efore an)-3.958 F(y)-.15 E .698
(statements in the loop are e)148 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.197
(cuted. If).15 F .697(you mak)3.197 F 3.197(eam)-.1 G(istak)-3.197 E
3.197(et)-.1 G .697(yping in a loop at the terminal you)-3.197 F
(can rub it out.)148 530.4 Q F1(getspath)108 547.2 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(Prints the system e)148 559.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution path.).15 E
(\(TCF only\))5 E F1(getxv)108 576 Q(ers)-.1 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(Prints the e)148 588 Q(xperimental v)-.15 E(ersion pre\214x.)-.15 E
(\(TCF only\))5 E F1(glob)108 604.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(Lik)
148 616.8 Q(e)-.1 E F2(ec)2.525 E(ho)-.15 E F0 2.525(,b)C .025
(ut no `\\' escapes are recognized and w)-2.725 F .026
(ords are delimited by null characters in the out-)-.1 F 2.5
(put. Useful)148 628.8 R
(for programs which wish to use the shell to \214lename e)2.5 E
(xpand a list of w)-.15 E(ords.)-.1 E F1(goto)108 645.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
(d)-.37 E(wor)148 657.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .047(is \214lename and command-su\
bstituted to yield a string of the form `label'.)2.548 F .047
(The shell re)5.047 F(winds)-.25 E .203(its input as much as possible, \
searches for a line of the form `label:', possibly preceded by blanks)
148 669.6 R(or tabs, and continues e)148 681.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution after that line.).15 E F1(hashstat)108 698.4 Q F0 .882
(Prints a statistics line indicating ho)148 710.4 R 3.382(we)-.25 G -.25
(ff)-3.382 G(ecti).25 E 1.182 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .882
(he internal hash table has been at locating com-).15 F 1.1
(mands \(and a)148 722.4 R -.2(vo)-.2 G(iding).2 E F2 -.2(ex)3.6 G(ec).2
E F0 -.55('s)C 3.6(\). An).55 F F2 -.2(ex)3.6 G(ec).2 E F0 1.1
(is attempted for each component of the)3.6 F F1(path)3.6 E F0 1.1
(where the)3.6 F(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)
-2.5 E(28)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(hash functio\
n indicates a possible hit, and in each component which does not be)148
84 Q(gin with a `/'.)-.15 E(On machines without)148 100.8 Q/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(vfork)2.5 E F0
(\(2\), prints only the number and size of hash b)A(uck)-.2 E(ets.)-.1 E
/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(history)108 117.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255hT)A(r)-.74
E F0 2.5(][)C F1(n)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(history \255S)108 129.6 Q F0(|)A F2
<ad4c7cad4d>A F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0 2.5(]\()C(+\))-2.5 E F2
(history \255c)108 141.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .419
(The \214rst form prints the history e)148 153.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .419
(nt list.).15 F(If)5.419 E F1(n)2.919 E F0 .419(is gi)2.919 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.919(no).15 G .419(nly the)-2.919 F F1(n)2.919 E F0 .419
(most recent e)2.919 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .419(nts are printed).15 F .615
(or sa)148 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.115(d. W).15 F(ith)-.4 E F2<ad68>
3.115 E F0 3.115(,t)C .615
(he history list is printed without leading numbers.)-3.115 F(If)5.615 E
F2(-T)3.115 E F0 .615(is speci\214ed, times-)3.115 F .615
(tamps are printed also in comment form.)148 177.6 R .614
(\(This can be used to produce \214les suitable for loading)5.614 F .866
(with 'history \255L)148 189.6 R 3.366('o)-.92 G 3.366(r')-3.366 G .866
(source \255h'.\))-3.916 F -.4(Wi)5.866 G(th).4 E F2<ad72>3.366 E F0
3.366(,t)C .867(he order of printing is most recent \214rst rather than)
-3.366 F(oldest \214rst.)148 201.6 Q -.4(Wi)148 218.4 S(th).4 E F2<ad53>
2.842 E F0 2.842(,t)C .341(he second form sa)-2.842 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.841(st).15 G .341(he history list to)-2.841 F F1(\214lename)2.841 E F0
5.341(.I)C 2.841(ft)-5.341 G .341(he \214rst w)-2.841 F .341(ord of the)
-.1 F F2(sa)2.841 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(hist).1 E F0(shell)2.841 E -.25(va)148
230.4 S .631(riable is set to a number).25 F 3.131(,a)-.4 G 3.131(tm)
-3.131 G .631(ost that man)-3.131 F 3.131(yl)-.15 G .631(ines are sa)
-3.131 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.131(d. If).15 F .631(the second w)3.131 F .631
(ord of)-.1 F F2(sa)3.131 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(hist).1 E F0(is)3.132 E .999
(set to `mer)148 242.4 R .999(ge', the history list is mer)-.18 F .999
(ged with the e)-.18 F .999
(xisting history \214le instead of replacing it \(if)-.15 F .956
(there is one\) and sorted by time stamp.)148 254.4 R .956(\(+\) Mer)
5.956 F .957(ging is intended for an en)-.18 F .957(vironment lik)-.4 F
3.457(et)-.1 G .957(he X)-3.457 F -.4(Wi)148 266.4 S(ndo).4 E 3.87(wS)
-.25 G 1.37(ystem with se)-3.87 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.369
(ral shells in simultaneous use.).15 F 1.369
(Currently it succeeds only when the)6.369 F
(shells quit nicely one after another)148 278.4 Q(.)-.55 E -.4(Wi)148
295.2 S(th).4 E F2<ad4c>2.662 E F0 2.662(,t)C .162(he shell appends)
-2.662 F F1(\214lename)2.662 E F0 2.662(,w)C .162
(hich is presumably a history list sa)-2.662 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.663(db)
15 G 2.663(yt)-2.663 G(he)-2.663 E F2<ad53>2.663 E F0 .163(option or)
2.663 F(the)148 307.2 Q F2(sa)4.316 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(hist).1 E F0 1.816
(mechanism, to the history list.)4.316 F F2<ad4d>6.816 E F0 1.816
(is lik)4.316 F(e)-.1 E F2<ad4c>4.316 E F0 4.315(,b)C 1.815
(ut the contents of)-4.515 F F1(\214lename)4.315 E F0(are)4.315 E(mer)
148 319.2 Q .326(ged into the history list and sorted by timestamp.)-.18
F .326(In either case,)5.326 F F2(hist\214le)2.826 E F0 .326(is used if)
2.826 F F1(\214lename)2.826 E F0(is)2.826 E .44(not gi)148 331.2 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.94(na).15 G(nd)-2.94 E F1(~/.history)2.94 E F0 .44
(is used if)2.94 F F2(hist\214le)2.94 E F0 .439(is unset.)2.939 F .439
(`history \255L)5.439 F 2.939('i)-.92 G 2.939(se)-2.939 G .439
(xactly lik)-3.089 F 2.939(e')-.1 G .439(source \255h' e)-3.489 F(xcept)
-.15 E(that it does not require a \214lename.)148 343.2 Q .561
(Note that login shells do the equi)148 360 R -.25(va)-.25 G .561
(lent of `history \255L).25 F 3.061('o)-.92 G 3.061(ns)-3.061 G .561
(tartup and, if)-3.061 F F2(sa)3.061 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(hist).1 E F0 .562
(is set, `history)3.062 F .02(\255S' before e)148 372 R 2.52
(xiting. Because)-.15 F(only)2.52 E F1(~/.tcshr)2.52 E(c)-.37 E F0 .02
(is normally sourced before)2.52 F F1(~/.history)2.52 E F0(,)A F2
(hist\214le)2.52 E F0 .02(should be)2.52 F(set in)148 384 Q F1(~/.tcshr)
2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(rather than)2.5 E F1(~/.lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1 E F0(.)A(If)
148 400.8 Q F2(histlit)2.842 E F0 .343
(is set, the \214rst and second forms print and sa)2.842 F .643 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .343(he literal \(une).15 F .343(xpanded\) form of the his-)
-.15 F(tory list.)148 412.8 Q(The last form clears the history list.)148
429.6 Q F2(hup)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(command)A F0 2.5(]\()C(+\))-2.5
E -.4(Wi)148 458.4 S(th).4 E F1(command)2.752 E F0 2.752(,r)C(uns)-2.752
E F1(command)2.752 E F0 .251(such that it will e)2.751 F .251
(xit on a hangup signal and arranges for the shell)-.15 F .421
(to send it a hangup signal when the shell e)148 470.4 R 2.921
(xits. Note)-.15 F .421(that commands may set their o)2.921 F .422
(wn response)-.25 F .082(to hangups, o)148 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rriding).15 E F1(hup)2.582 E F0 5.082(.W)C .082(ithout an ar)-5.482 F
082(gument \(allo)-.18 F .082
(wed in only a shell script\), causes the shell)-.25 F 1.418(to e)148
494.4 R 1.418(xit on a hangup for the remainder of the script.)-.15 F
1.418(See also)6.418 F F2 1.419(Signal handling)3.918 F F0 1.419
(and the)3.919 F F1(nohup)3.919 E F0 -.2(bu)148 506.4 S(iltin command.)
2 E F2(if \()108 523.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(\))A F1(command)2.5 E
F0(If)148 535.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)5.722 G(pr).2 E F0 3.222(\(an e)5.722 F
3.222(xpression, as described under)-.15 F F2(Expr)5.722 E(essions)-.18
E F0 5.722(\)e)C -.25(va)-5.972 G 3.221(luates true, then).25 F F1
(command)5.721 E F0(is)5.721 E -.15(exe)148 547.2 S 3.219(cuted. V).15 F
719(ariable substitution on)-1.11 F F1(command)3.219 E F0 .719
(happens early)3.219 F 3.219(,a)-.65 G 3.219(tt)-3.219 G .72
(he same time it does for the rest)-3.219 F .909(of the)148 559.2 R F1
(if)3.409 E F0(command.)3.409 E F1(command)5.909 E F0 .909
(must be a simple command, not an alias, a pipeline, a command)3.409 F
47(list or a parenthesized command list, b)148 571.2 R .47
(ut it may ha)-.2 F .77 -.15(ve a)-.2 H -.18(rg).15 G 2.97
(uments. Input/output).18 F .47(redirection occurs)2.97 F -2.15 -.25
(ev e)148 583.2 T 2.5(ni).25 G(f)-2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)
2.5 E(alse and)-.1 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(is thus)2.5 E F1(not)2.5 E F0
-.15(exe)2.5 G(cuted; this is a b).15 E(ug.)-.2 E F2(if \()108 600 Q F1
-.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2 2.5(\)t)C(hen)-2.5 E F0(...)108 612 Q F2(else if \()
108 624 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr2).2 E F2 2.5(\)t)C(hen)-2.5 E F0(...)108 636 Q
F2(else)108 648 Q F0(...)108 660 Q F2(endif)108 672 Q F0 .247
(If the speci\214ed)18.33 F F1 -.2(ex)2.747 G(pr).2 E F0 .247
(is true then the commands to the \214rst)2.747 F F1(else)2.747 E F0
246(are e)2.746 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted; otherwise if).15 F F1 -.2
(ex)2.746 G(pr2).2 E F0(is)2.746 E .117
(true then the commands to the second)148 684 R F1(else)2.617 E F0 .117
(are e)2.617 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .117(cuted, etc.).15 F(An)5.117 E 2.617
(yn)-.15 G .117(umber of)-2.617 F F1(else-if)2.617 E F0 .117
(pairs are pos-)2.617 F 1.302(sible; only one)148 696 R F1(endif)3.802 E
F0 1.302(is needed.)3.802 F(The)6.302 E F1(else)3.802 E F0 1.302
(part is lik)3.802 F -.25(ew)-.1 G 1.302(ise optional.).25 F 1.302
(\(The w)6.302 F(ords)-.1 E F1(else)3.802 E F0(and)3.801 E F1(endif)
3.801 E F0 .626(must appear at the be)148 708 R .627
(ginning of input lines; the)-.15 F F1(if)3.127 E F0 .627
(must appear alone on its input line or after an)3.127 F F1(else)148 720
Q F0(.\))A(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E
(29)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(inlib)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shar)2.5 E
(ed-libr)-.37 E(ary)-.15 E F0(... \(+\))2.5 E .048(Adds each)148 96 R F2
(shar)2.548 E(ed-libr)-.37 E(ary)-.15 E F0 .048(to the current en)2.548
F 2.548(vironment. There)-.4 F .048(is no w)2.548 F .048(ay to remo)-.1
F .348 -.15(ve a s)-.15 H .048(hared library).15 F(.)-.65 E
(\(Domain/OS only\))148 108 Q F1(jobs)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6c>A
F0(])A .773(Lists the acti)148 136.8 R 1.073 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 3.273
(obs. W).15 F(ith)-.4 E F1<ad6c>3.274 E F0 3.274(,l)C .774
(ists process IDs in addition to the normal information.)-3.274 F .774
(On TCF)5.774 F(systems, prints the site on which each job is e)148
148.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E F1(kill)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad73>A F2(signal)2.5 E F0(])A F1(%)2.5 E F2(job)A F0(|)A F2(pid)A F0
(...)2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 177.6 Q F0 .387
(The \214rst and second forms sends the speci\214ed)15.12 F F2(signal)
2.886 E F0(\(or)2.886 E 2.886(,i)-.4 G 2.886(fn)-2.886 G .386(one is gi)
-2.886 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(n, the TERM \(terminate\)).15 F 1.013
(signal\) to the speci\214ed jobs or processes.)148 189.6 R F2(job)6.013
E F0 1.013(may be a number)3.513 F 3.513(,as)-.4 G 1.013
(tring, `', `%', `+' or `\255' as)-3.513 F 4.54(described under)148
201.6 R F1 -.15(Jo)7.04 G(bs).15 E F0 9.54(.S)C 4.54
(ignals are either gi)-9.54 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 7.04(nb).15 G 7.04(yn)-7.04
G 4.54(umber or by name \(as gi)-7.04 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 7.04(ni).15 G(n)
-7.04 E F2(/usr/include/signal.h)148 213.6 Q F0 2.691(,s)C .191
(tripped of the pre\214x `SIG'\).)-2.691 F .191(There is no def)5.191 F
(ault)-.1 E F2(job)2.692 E F0 2.692(;s)C .192(aying just `kill' does)
-2.692 F 2.121(not send a signal to the current job)148 225.6 R 7.121
(.I)-.4 G 4.621(ft)-7.121 G 2.12
(he signal being sent is TERM \(terminate\) or HUP)-4.621 F .61(\(hangu\
p\), then the job or process is sent a CONT \(continue\) signal as well\
)148 237.6 R .611(The third form lists)5.611 F(the signal names.)148
249.6 Q F1(limit)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad68>A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -.37
(re)-2.5 G(sour).37 E(ce)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(maximum-use)A F0(]])A
1.553(Limits the consumption by the current process and each process it\
creates to not indi)148 278.4 R(vidually)-.25 E -.15(ex)148 290.4 S
(ceed).15 E F2(maximum-use)3.913 E F0 1.414(on the speci\214ed)3.913 F
F2 -.37(re)3.914 G(sour).37 E(ce)-.37 E F0 6.414(.I)C 3.914(fn)-6.414 G
(o)-3.914 E F2(maximum-use)3.914 E F0 1.414(is gi)3.914 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
1.414(n, then the current).15 F .478(limit is printed; if no)148 302.4 R
F2 -.37(re)2.978 G(sour).37 E(ce)-.37 E F0 .478(is gi)2.978 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .478(n, then all limitations are gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.978
(n. If).15 F(the)2.978 E F1<ad68>2.978 E F0 .478(\215ag is gi)2.978 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .477(n, the).15 F .543
(hard limits are used instead of the current limits.)148 314.4 R .543
(The hard limits impose a ceiling on the v)5.543 F(alues)-.25 E .259
(of the current limits.)148 326.4 R .259(Only the super)5.259 F .259
(-user may raise the hard limits, b)-.2 F .259(ut a user may lo)-.2 F
258(wer or raise)-.25 F(the current limits within the le)148 338.4 Q
-.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lr).05 G(ange.)-2.5 E 1.627
(Controllable resources currently include)148 355.2 R F2(cputime)4.127 E
F0 1.627(\(the maximum number of cpu-seconds to be)4.127 F .8
(used by each process\),)148 367.2 R F2(\214lesize)3.3 E F0 .799
(\(the lar)3.3 F .799(gest single \214le which can be created\),)-.18 F
F2(datasize)3.299 E F0 .799(\(the maxi-)3.299 F .636(mum gro)148 379.2 R
636(wth of the data+stack re)-.25 F .637(gion via sbrk\(2\) be)-.15 F
637(yond the end of the program te)-.15 F(xt\),)-.15 E F2(stac)3.137 E
(ksize)-.2 E F0 1.502(\(the maximum size of the automatically-e)148
391.2 R 1.502(xtended stack re)-.15 F(gion\),)-.15 E F2(cor)4.002 E
(edumpsize)-.37 E F0 1.501(\(the size of the)4.001 F(lar)148 403.2 Q
402(gest core dump that will be created\), and)-.18 F F2(memoryuse)
2.902 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he maximum amount of ph)-2.902 F .403
(ysical mem-)-.05 F(ory a process may ha)148 415.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
(llocated to it at a gi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(ime.)-2.5 E F2
(maximum-use)148 432 Q F0 1.236(may be gi)3.736 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.736
(na).15 G 3.736(sa)-3.736 G 1.235(\(\215oating point or inte)-.001 F
1.235(ger\) number follo)-.15 F 1.235(wed by a scale f)-.25 F(actor)-.1
E(.)-.55 E -.15(Fo)148 444 S 2.821(ra).15 G .321(ll limits other than)
-2.821 F F2(cputime)2.822 E F0 .322(the def)2.822 F .322
(ault scale is `k' or `kilobytes' \(1024 bytes\); a scale f)-.1 F(actor)
-.1 E .488(of `m' or `me)148 456 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .488
(bytes' may also be used.).05 F -.15(Fo)5.488 G(r).15 E F2(cputime)2.987
E F0 .487(the def)2.987 F .487(ault scaling is `seconds', while `m')-.1
F .791(for minutes or `h' for hours, or a time of the form `mm:ss' gi)
148 468 R .791(ving minutes and seconds may be)-.25 F(used.)148 480 Q
-.15(Fo)148 496.8 S 2.5(rb).15 G(oth)-2.5 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(sour).37 E
(ce)-.37 E F0(names and scale f)2.5 E(actors, unambiguous pre\214x)-.1 E
(es of the names suf)-.15 E(\214ce.)-.25 E F1(log)108 513.6 Q F0 9.92
(\(+\) Prints)2.5 F(the)3.842 E F1(watch)3.842 E F0 1.342(shell v)3.842
F 1.342(ariable and reports on each user indicated in)-.25 F F1(watch)
3.842 E F0 1.341(who is logged in,)3.842 F(re)148 525.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(rdless of when the).05 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G(ast logged in.)-2.5 E(See also)5
E F2(watc)2.5 E(hlo)-.15 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(login)108 542.4 Q F0 -.7
(Te)18.88 G .971
(rminates a login shell, replacing it with an instance of).7 F F2
(/bin/lo)3.471 E(gin.)-.1 E F0 .971(This is one w)3.471 F .972
(ay to log of)-.1 F(f,)-.25 E(included for compatibility with)148 554.4
Q F2(sh)2.5 E F0(\(1\).)A F1(logout)108 571.2 Q F0 -.7(Te)13.33 G
(rminates a login shell.).7 E(Especially useful if)5 E F1(ignor)2.5 E
(eeof)-.18 E F0(is set.)2.5 E F1(ls\255F)108 588 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2
(switc)A(h)-.15 E F0(...] [)2.5 E F2(\214le)A F0(...] \(+\))2.5 E .562
(Lists \214les lik)148 600 R 3.061(e`)-.1 G .561(ls \255F', b)-3.061 F
561(ut much f)-.2 F(aster)-.1 E 5.561(.I)-.55 G 3.061(ti)-5.561 G .561
(denti\214es each type of special \214le in the listing with a)-3.061 F
(special character:)148 612 Q 17.22(/D)148 628.8 S(irectory)-17.22 E 15
(*E)148 640.8 S -.15(xe)-15 G(cutable).15 E 15(#B)148 652.8 S(lock de)
-15 E(vice)-.25 E 11.67(%C)148 664.8 S(haracter de)-11.67 E(vice)-.25 E
18(|N)148 676.8 S(amed pipe \(systems with named pipes only\))-18 E
14.36(=S)148 688.8 S(ock)-14.36 E(et \(systems with sock)-.1 E
(ets only\))-.1 E 10.79(@S)148 700.8 S
(ymbolic link \(systems with symbolic links only\))-10.79 E 14.36(+H)148
712.8 S(idden directory \(AIX only\) or conte)-14.36 E
(xt dependent \(HP/UX only\))-.15 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)
137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(30)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R 17.22(:N)148
84 S(etw)-17.22 E(ork special \(HP/UX only\))-.1 E .575(If the)148 100.8
R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(listlinks)3.075 E F0 .575(shell v)3.075 F .575(\
ariable is set, symbolic links are identi\214ed in more detail \(on onl\
y systems)-.25 F(that ha)148 112.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(hem, of course\):).15 E 10.79(@S)148 129.6 S
(ymbolic link to a non-directory)-10.79 E 14.36(>S)148 141.6 S
(ymbolic link to a directory)-14.36 E 12.22(&S)148 153.6 S
(ymbolic link to no)-12.22 E(where)-.25 E F1(listlinks)148 170.4 Q F0
252(also slo)2.752 F .252(ws do)-.25 F(wn)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(ls\255F)2.752 E F0 .252
(and causes partitions holding \214les pointed to by symbolic links to)
2.752 F(be mounted.)148 182.4 Q .53(If the)148 199.2 R F1(list\215ags)
3.03 E F0 .53(shell v)3.03 F .53(ariable is set to `x', `a' or `)-.25 F
-1.11(A')-.8 G 3.03(,o)1.11 G 3.03(ra)-3.03 G .83 -.15(ny c)-3.03 H .53
(ombination thereof \(e.g., `xA).15 F .53('\), the)-1.11 F(y)-.15 E .301
(are used as \215ags to)148 211.2 R F2(ls\255F)2.801 E F0 2.801(,m)C
301(aking it act lik)-2.801 F 2.801(e`)-.1 G .301
(ls \255xF', `ls \255F)-2.801 F .301(a', `ls \255F)-.15 F 2.521 -1.11
(A' o)-.74 H 2.801(rac)1.11 G .301(ombination \(e.g., `ls)-2.801 F
(\255FxA)148 223.2 Q 3.451('\). On)-1.11 F .951
(machines where `ls \255C' is not the def)3.451 F(ault,)-.1 E F2
(ls\255F)3.451 E F0 .951(acts lik)3.451 F 3.452(e`)-.1 G .952
(ls \255CF', unless)-3.452 F F1(list\215ags)3.452 E F0 .141
(contains an `x', in which case it acts lik)148 235.2 R 2.641(e`)-.1 G
141(ls \255xF'.)-2.641 F F2(ls\255F)5.141 E F0 .141(passes its ar)2.641
F .141(guments to)-.18 F F2(ls)2.641 E F0 .141(\(1\) if it is gi)B -.15
(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(an)148 247.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(witches, so `alias ls ls\255F' generally does the right thing.)-2.5 E
(The)148 264 Q F1(ls\255F)3.276 E F0 -.2(bu)3.276 G .776
(iltin can list \214les using dif).2 F .777
(ferent colors depending on the \214letype or e)-.25 F 3.277
(xtension. See)-.15 F(the)148 276 Q F1(color)2.5 E F2(tcsh)2.5 E F0 -.25
(va)2.5 G(riable and the).25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E
(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(migrate)108 292.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad>A F2(site)A F0(])A F2(pid)2.5 E F0(|)A F1(%)A F2(jobid)A F0
(... \(+\))2.5 E F1(migrate \255)108 304.8 Q F2(site)A F0(\(+\))2.5 E
862(The \214rst form migrates the process or job to the site speci\214\
ed or the def)148 316.8 R .861(ault site determined by)-.1 F .293
(the system path.)148 328.8 R .293(The second form is equi)5.293 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .293(lent to `migrate \255).25 F F2(site)A F0 .293
($$': it migrates the current pro-)2.793 F .897
(cess to the speci\214ed site.)148 340.8 R .896
(Migrating the shell itself can cause une)5.897 F .896(xpected beha)-.15
F(vior)-.2 E 3.396(,b)-.4 G .896(ecause the)-3.396 F(shell does not lik)
148 352.8 Q 2.5(et)-.1 G 2.5(ol)-2.5 G(ose its tty)-2.5 E 5(.\()-.65 G
(TCF only\))-5 E F1(newgr)108 369.6 Q(p)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad>A F0(])A
F2(gr)2.5 E(oup)-.45 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Equi)148 381.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G
346(lent to `e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.846(cn).15 G -.25(ew)-2.846 G
346(grp'; see).25 F F2(ne)2.846 E(wgrp)-.15 E F0 2.846(\(1\). A)B -.25
(va)-.74 G .346(ilable only if the shell w).25 F .346
(as so compiled; see the)-.1 F F1 -.1(ve)148 393.6 S(rsion).1 E F0
(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(nice)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+)A F2
(number)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0(])A 1.059
(Sets the scheduling priority for the shell to)148 422.4 R F2(number)
3.559 E F0 3.559(,o)C 1.859 -.4(r, w)-3.559 H(ithout).4 E F2(number)
3.558 E F0 3.558(,t)C 3.558(o4)-3.558 G 6.058(.W)-3.558 G(ith)-6.458 E
F2(command)3.558 E F0(,)A(runs)148 434.4 Q F2(command)3.034 E F0 .534
(at the appropriate priority)3.034 F 5.534(.T)-.65 G .534
(he greater the)-5.534 F F2(number)3.034 E F0 3.034(,t)C .534
(he less cpu the process gets.)-3.034 F 1.095(The super)148 446.4 R
1.095(-user may specify ne)-.2 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.395 -.15
(ve p)-.25 H 1.095(riority by using `nice \255number ...).15 F 3.594
('. Command)-.7 F 1.094(is al)3.594 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E -.15(exe)148
458.4 S(cuted in a sub-shell, and the restrictions placed on commands i\
n simple).15 E F2(if)2.5 E F0(statements apply)2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(nohup)
108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(command)A F0(])A -.4(Wi)148 487.2 S(th).4 E F2
(command)2.693 E F0 2.693(,r)C(uns)-2.693 E F2(command)2.693 E F0 .194
(such that it will ignore hangup signals.)2.693 F .194
(Note that commands may)5.194 F 1.178(set their o)148 499.2 R 1.177
(wn response to hangups, o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rriding).15 E F2(nohup)
3.677 E F0 6.177(.W)C 1.177(ithout an ar)-6.577 F 1.177(gument \(allo)
-.18 F 1.177(wed in only a)-.25 F .736(shell script\), causes the shell\
to ignore hangups for the remainder of the script.)148 511.2 R .736
(See also)5.736 F F1(Signal)3.236 E(handling)148 523.2 Q F0(and the)2.5
E F2(hup)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(notify)108 540 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1(%)A F2(job)A F0(...])2.5 E .055(Causes the shell to notif\
y the user asynchronously when the status of an)148 552 R 2.554(yo)-.15
G 2.554(ft)-2.554 G .054(he speci\214ed jobs \(or)-2.554 F(,)-.4 E .593
(without %)148 564 R F2(job)A F0 3.093(,t)C .594
(he current job\) changes, instead of w)-3.093 F .594
(aiting until the ne)-.1 F .594(xt prompt as is usual.)-.15 F F2(job)
5.594 E F0 .583(may be a number)148 576 R 3.083(,as)-.4 G .583
(tring, `', `%', `+' or `\255' as described under)-3.083 F F1 -.15(Jo)
3.082 G(bs).15 E F0 5.582(.S)C .582(ee also the)-5.582 F F1(notify)3.082
E F0(shell)3.082 E -.25(va)148 588 S(riable.).25 E F1(onintr)108 604.8 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1<ad>A F0(|)A F2(label)A F0(])A .928
(Controls the action of the shell on interrupts.)148 616.8 R -.4(Wi)
5.929 G .929(thout ar).4 F .929(guments, restores the def)-.18 F .929
(ault action of)-.1 F .978(the shell on interrupts, which is to termina\
te shell scripts or to return to the terminal command)148 628.8 R .09
(input le)148 640.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.59(l. W).15 F .09
(ith `\255', causes all interrupts to be ignored.)-.4 F -.4(Wi)5.09 G
(th).4 E F2(label)2.59 E F0 2.59(,c)C .09(auses the shell to e)-2.59 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .09(cute a).15 F(`goto)148 652.8 Q F2(label)2.562 E F0
2.562('w)C .062(hen an interrupt is recei)-2.562 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.561
(do).15 G 2.561(rac)-2.561 G .061(hild process terminates because it w)
-2.561 F .061(as interrupted.)-.1 F F2(onintr)148 669.6 Q F0 .665(is ig\
nored if the shell is running detached and in system startup \214les \(\
see)3.165 F F1(FILES)3.165 E F0 .665(\), where)B
(interrupts are disabled an)148 681.6 Q(yw)-.15 E(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E F1
(popd)108 698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6c>-2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(|)A F1<ad76>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
(])A -.4(Wi)148 710.4 S .263(thout ar).4 F .263
(guments, pops the directory stack and returns to the ne)-.18 F 2.762
(wt)-.25 G .262(op directory)-2.762 F 5.262(.W)-.65 G .262(ith a number)
-5.662 F(`+)148 722.4 Q F2(n)A F0(', discards the)A F2(n)2.5 E F0 -.18
('t)C 2.5(he).18 G(ntry in the stack.)-2.5 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5
(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(31)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(Finally)148
84 Q 2.52(,a)-.65 G .02(ll forms of)-2.52 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(popd)2.52 E F0 .02(print the \214nal directory stack, just lik)2.52 F
(e)-.1 E F1(dir)2.52 E(s)-.1 E F0 5.02(.T)C(he)-5.02 E/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushdsilent)2.52 E F0 .02(shell v)2.52 F(ari-)-.25 E
581(able can be set to pre)148 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .581
(nt this and the).15 F F2<ad70>3.081 E F0 .58(\215ag can be gi)3.081 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.08(nt).15 G 3.08(oo)-3.08 G -.15(ve)-3.23 G(rride).15 E
F2(pushdsilent)3.08 E F0 5.58(.T)C(he)-5.58 E F2<ad6c>3.08 E F0(,)A F2
<ad6e>3.08 E F0(and)148 108 Q F2<ad76>2.5 E F0(\215ags ha)2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H(he same ef).15 E(fect on)-.25 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(as on)2.5 E
F1(dir)2.5 E(s)-.1 E F0 5(.\()C(+\))-5 E F2(printen)108 124.8 Q(v)-.4 E
F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0 2.5(]\()C(+\))-2.5 E .424
(Prints the names and v)148 136.8 R .424(alues of all en)-.25 F .424
(vironment v)-.4 F .424(ariables or)-.25 F 2.924(,w)-.4 G(ith)-2.924 E
F1(name)2.925 E F0 2.925(,t)C .425(he v)-2.925 F .425(alue of the en)
-.25 F(viron-)-.4 E(ment v)148 148.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
(.)A F2(pushd)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6c>-2.5
E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(|)A F2<ad76>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E
F0(|)A F2(+)A F1(n)A F0(])A -.4(Wi)148 177.6 S .99(thout ar).4 F .99
(guments, e)-.18 F .99(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.49(oe)-.1 G .99
(lements of the directory stack.)-3.49 F(If)5.99 E F2(pushdtohome)3.49 E
F0(is)3.49 E(set,)148 189.6 Q F1(pushd)2.757 E F0 .257(without ar)2.757
F .257(guments does `pushd ~', lik)-.18 F(e)-.1 E F1(cd)2.757 E F0 5.257
(.\()C .257(+\) W)-5.257 F(ith)-.4 E F1(name)2.758 E F0 2.758(,p)C .258
(ushes the current w)-2.758 F(orking)-.1 E .204
(directory onto the directory stack and changes to)148 201.6 R F1(name)
2.704 E F0 5.204(.I)C(f)-5.204 E F1(name)2.704 E F0 .204
(is `\255' it is interpreted as the pre-)2.704 F .618(vious w)148 213.6
R .618(orking directory \(see)-.1 F F2 .618(Filename substitution)3.118
F F0 3.118(\). \(+\))B(If)3.118 E F2(dunique)3.119 E F0 .619(is set,)
3.119 F F1(pushd)3.119 E F0(remo)3.119 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.119(sa).15 G
-.15(ny)-3.119 G 1.759(instances of)148 225.6 R F1(name)4.259 E F0 1.758
(from the stack before pushing it onto the stack.)4.258 F 1.758(\(+\) W)
6.758 F 1.758(ith a number `+)-.4 F F1(n)A F0(',)A .732(rotates the)148
237.6 R F1(n)3.232 E F0 .732(th element of the directory stack around t\
o be the top element and changes to it.)B(If)5.733 E F2(dextract)148
249.6 Q F0 .356(is set, ho)2.856 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.156 -.4
(r, `).15 H .356(pushd +).4 F F1(n)A F0 2.856('e)C .356(xtracts the)
-3.006 F F1(n)2.856 E F0 .356(th directory)B 2.856(,p)-.65 G .356
(ushes it onto the top of the stack)-2.856 F(and changes to it.)148
261.6 Q(\(+\))5 E(Finally)148 278.4 Q 3.67(,a)-.65 G 1.17(ll forms of)
-3.67 F F1(pushd)3.67 E F0 1.171
(print the \214nal directory stack, just lik)3.67 F(e)-.1 E F1(dir)3.671
E(s)-.1 E F0 6.171(.T)C(he)-6.171 E F2(pushdsilent)3.671 E F0(shell)
3.671 E -.25(va)148 290.4 S .528(riable can be set to pre).25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .527(nt this and the).15 F F2<ad70>3.027 E F0 .527
(\215ag can be gi)3.027 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.027(nt).15 G 3.027(oo)-3.027
G -.15(ve)-3.177 G(rride).15 E F2(pushdsilent)3.027 E F0 5.527(.T)C(he)
-5.527 E F2<ad6c>3.027 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>148 302.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2
<ad76>2.5 E F0(\215ags ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he same ef).15 E
(fect on)-.25 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0(as on)2.5 E F1(dir)2.5 E(s)-.1 E F0 5
(.\()C(+\))-5 E F2 -.18(re)108 319.2 S(hash).18 E F0 .414(Causes the in\
ternal hash table of the contents of the directories in the)11.29 F F2
(path)2.914 E F0 -.25(va)2.914 G .415(riable to be recom-).25 F 2.702
(puted. This)148 331.2 R .201(is needed if ne)2.702 F 2.701(wc)-.25 G
201(ommands are added to directories in)-2.701 F F2(path)2.701 E F0
201(while you are logged in.)2.701 F .668
(This should be necessary only if you add commands to one of your o)148
343.2 R .669(wn directories, or if a sys-)-.25 F .009
(tems programmer changes the contents of one of the system directories.)
148 355.2 R .008(Also \215ushes the cache of)5.008 F(home directories b)
148 367.2 Q(uilt by tilde e)-.2 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 -.18(re)108 384 S
(peat).18 E F1(count command)2.5 E F0 .388(The speci\214ed)148 396 R F1
(command)2.888 E F0 2.888(,w)C .389
(hich is subject to the same restrictions as the)-2.888 F F1(command)
2.889 E F0 .389(in the one line)2.889 F F1(if)148 408 Q F0 .493
(statement abo)2.993 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.993(,i).15 G 2.993(se)-2.993 G
-.15(xe)-3.143 G(cuted).15 E F1(count)2.993 E F0 2.993(times. I/O)2.993
F .493(redirections occur e)2.993 F .492(xactly once, e)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.992(ni).15 G(f)-2.992 E F1(count)2.992 E F0(is)2.992 E(0.)148
420 Q F2 -.18(ro)108 436.8 S(otnode //).18 E F1(nodename)A F0(\(+\))2.5
E .072(Changes the rootnode to //)148 448.8 R F1(nodename)A F0 2.572(,s)
C 2.572(ot)-2.572 G .072(hat `/' will be interpreted as `//)-2.572 F F1
(nodename)A F0 2.573('. \(Domain/OS)B(only\))148 460.8 Q F2(sched)108
477.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E F2(sched)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(+)A F0(])A F1
(hh:mm command)A F0(\(+\))2.5 E F2(sched \255)108 501.6 Q F1(n)A F0
(\(+\))2.5 E .759(The \214rst form prints the scheduled-e)148 513.6 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .759(nt list.).15 F(The)5.759 E F2(sched)3.259 E F0 .759
(shell v)3.259 F .758(ariable may be set to de\214ne the)-.25 F .034
(format in which the scheduled-e)148 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .035
(nt list is printed.).15 F .035(The second form adds)5.035 F F1(command)
2.535 E F0 .035(to the sched-)2.535 F(uled-e)148 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt list.).15 E -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample,)-2.65 E 2.5(>s)168
554.4 S(ched 11:00 echo It\\')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G(le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G(\\'clock.)-2.5 E .018(causes the shell to echo `It')
148 571.2 R 2.517(se)-.55 G(le)-2.517 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.517(no).15 G
('clock.)-2.517 E 2.517('a)-.7 G 2.517(t1)-2.517 G 2.517(1A)-2.517 G
2.517(M. The)-2.517 F .017(time may be in 12-hour AM/PM for)2.517 F(-)
-.2 E(mat)148 583.2 Q 2.5(>s)168 600 S(ched 5pm set prompt='[%h] It\\')
-2.5 E 2.5(sa)-.55 G(fter 5; go home: >')-2.5 E(or may be relati)148
616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he current time:)-2.5 E 2.5(>s)
168 633.6 S(ched +2:15 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico \255r1 \255sother)-2.5 E
3.256(Ar)148 650.4 S(elati)-3.256 E 1.056 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .756
(ime speci\214cation may not use AM/PM format.).15 F .757
(The third form remo)5.757 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.257(si).15 G(tem)-3.257 E
F1(n)3.257 E F0(from)3.257 E(the e)148 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt list:)
15 E 2.5(>s)168 679.2 S(ched)-2.5 E 5(1W)180.5 691.2 S(ed Apr)-5.8 E
2.5(41)5 G 2.5(5:42 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico)-2.5 F(\255r1 \255sother)2.5 E
5(2W)180.5 703.2 S(ed Apr)-5.8 E 2.5(41)5 G 2.5(7:00 set)-2.5 F
(prompt=[%h] It')2.5 E 2.5(sa)-.55 G(fter 5; go home: >)-2.5 E 2.5(>s)
168 715.2 S(ched \2552)-2.5 E 2.5(>s)168 727.2 S(ched)-2.5 E
(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(32)
187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R 5(1W)180.5 84
S(ed Apr)-5.8 E 2.5(41)5 G 2.5(5:42 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico)-2.5 F
(\255r1 \255sother)2.5 E 2.777(Ac)148 100.8 S .277
(ommand in the scheduled-e)-2.777 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .276(nt list is e).15
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .276
(cuted just before the \214rst prompt is printed after the).15 F .242
(time when the command is scheduled.)148 112.8 R .242
(It is possible to miss the e)5.242 F .243
(xact time when the command is)-.15 F .796(to be run, b)148 124.8 R .796
(ut an o)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .796(rdue command will e).15 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .796(cute at the ne).15 F .795(xt prompt.)-.15 F 3.295(Ac)5.795 G
795(ommand which comes)-3.295 F .237(due while the shell is w)148 136.8
R .237(aiting for user input is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .237
(cuted immediately).15 F 5.237(.H)-.65 G -.25(ow)-5.237 G -2.15 -.25
(ev e).25 H 1.038 -.4(r, n).25 H .238(ormal operation).4 F .017(of an a\
lready-running command will not be interrupted so that a scheduled-e)148
148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .017(nt list element may).15 F(be run.)148 160.8
Q .211(This mechanism is similar to, b)148 177.6 R .212
(ut not the same as, the)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(at)2.712 E F0
212(\(1\) command on some Unix systems.)B(Its)5.212 E 1.403
(major disadv)148 189.6 R 1.403
(antage is that it may not run a command at e)-.25 F 1.402
(xactly the speci\214ed time.)-.15 F 1.402(Its major)6.402 F(adv)148
201.6 Q .847(antage is that because)-.25 F F1(sc)3.347 E(hed)-.15 E F0
848(runs directly from the shell, it has access to shell v)3.347 F .848
(ariables and)-.25 F .828(other structures.)148 213.6 R .828(This pro)
5.828 F .828(vides a mechanism for changing one')-.15 F 3.327(sw)-.55 G
827(orking en)-3.427 F .827(vironment based on)-.4 F(the time of day)
148 225.6 Q(.)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)108 242.4 Q(set)108 254.4
Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(...)2.5 E F2(set)108 266.4 Q F1(name)2.5 E F2(=)A F1
(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(...)2.5 E F2(set [\255r] [\255f|\255l])108 278.4 Q F1
(name)2.5 E F2(=\()A F1(wor)A(dlist)-.37 E F2(\))A F0(... \(+\))2.5 E F2
(set)108 290.4 Q F1(name[inde)2.5 E(x])-.2 E F2(=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
(...)2.5 E F2(set \255r)108 302.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E F2(set \255r)108
314.4 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(... \(+\))2.5 E F2(set \255r)108 326.4 Q F1
(name)2.5 E F2(=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(... \(+\))2.5 E 1.226
(The \214rst form of the command prints the v)148 338.4 R 1.226
(alue of all shell v)-.25 F 3.726(ariables. V)-.25 F 1.226
(ariables which contain)-1.11 F .064(more than a single w)148 350.4 R
064(ord print as a parenthesized w)-.1 F .064(ord list.)-.1 F .064
(The second form sets)5.064 F F1(name)2.564 E F0 .063(to the null)2.564
F 3.775(string. The)148 362.4 R 1.275(third form sets)3.775 F F1(name)
3.775 E F0 1.275(to the single)3.775 F F1(wor)3.775 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.275
(.T)C 1.275(he fourth form sets)-6.275 F F1(name)3.775 E F0 1.275
(to the list of)3.775 F -.1(wo)148 374.4 S .681(rds in).1 F F1(wor)3.181
E(dlist)-.37 E F0 5.681(.I)C 3.181(na)-5.681 G .681(ll cases the v)
-3.181 F .681(alue is command and \214lename e)-.25 F 3.18(xpanded. If)
-.15 F .68(\255r is speci\214ed,)3.18 F .301(the v)148 386.4 R .301
(alue is set read-only)-.25 F 5.301(.I)-.65 G 2.801<66ad>-5.301 G 2.801
(fo)-2.801 G 2.801<72ad>-2.801 G 2.801(la)-2.801 G .301
(re speci\214ed, set only unique w)-2.801 F .301(ords k)-.1 F .301
(eeping their order)-.1 F 5.302<2ead>-.55 G(f)-5.302 E .277
(prefers the \214rst occurrence of a w)148 398.4 R .277
(ord, and \255l the last.)-.1 F .276(The \214fth form sets the)5.276 F
F1(inde)2.776 E(x)-.2 E F0 -.18('t)C 2.776(hc).18 G(omponent)-2.776 E
753(of name to)148 410.4 R F1(wor)3.253 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.253(;t)C .753
(his component must already e)-3.253 F 3.254(xist. The)-.15 F .754
(sixth form lists only the names of all)3.254 F .35(shell v)148 422.4 R
35(ariables that are read-only)-.25 F 5.35(.T)-.65 G .35(he se)-5.35 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .35(nth form mak).15 F(es)-.1 E F1(name)2.85 E F0
(read-only)2.85 E 2.85(,w)-.65 G .35(hether or not it has)-2.85 F 3.132
(av)148 434.4 S 3.132(alue. The)-3.382 F .632(second form sets)3.132 F
F1(name)3.132 E F0 .633(to the null string.)3.132 F .633
(The eighth form is the same as the third)5.633 F(form, b)148 446.4 Q
(ut mak)-.2 E(e)-.1 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(read-only at the same time.)2.5 E
748(These ar)148 463.2 R .748
(guments can be repeated to set and/or mak)-.18 F 3.248(er)-.1 G .748
(ead-only multiple v)-3.248 F .748(ariables in a single set)-.25 F 3.33
(command. Note,)148 475.2 R(ho)3.33 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.631 -.4
(r, t).15 H .831(hat v).4 F .831(ariable e)-.25 F .831
(xpansion happens for all ar)-.15 F .831(guments before an)-.18 F 3.331
(ys)-.15 G(etting)-3.331 E 3.898(occurs. Note)148 487.2 R 1.397
(also that `=' can be adjacent to both)3.897 F F1(name)3.897 E F0(and)
3.897 E F1(wor)3.897 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.397(or separated from both by)3.897
F(whitespace, b)148 499.2 Q
(ut cannot be adjacent to only one or the other)-.2 E 5(.S)-.55 G
(ee also the)-5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F2
(seten)108 516 Q(v)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0([)2.5 E F1(value)A F0
(]])A -.4(Wi)148 528 S .793(thout ar).4 F .794
(guments, prints the names and v)-.18 F .794(alues of all en)-.25 F .794
(vironment v)-.4 F 3.294(ariables. Gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1
(name)3.294 E F0 3.294(,s)C(ets)-3.294 E(the en)148 540 Q(vironment v)
-.4 E(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(to)2.5 E F1(value)2.5 E F0(or)2.5
E 2.5(,w)-.4 G(ithout)-2.5 E F1(value)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C 2.5(ot)-2.5 G
(he null string.)-2.5 E F2(setpath)108 556.8 Q F1(path)2.5 E F0(\(+\))
2.5 E(Equi)148 568.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(setpath)2.5 E F0
2.5(\(1\). \(Mach)B(only\))2.5 E F2(setspath)108 585.6 Q F0(LOCAL|)2.5 E
F1(site)A F0(|)A F1(cpu)A F0(... \(+\))2.5 E(Sets the system e)148 597.6
Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution path.).15 E(\(TCF only\))5 E F2(settc)108 614.4
Q F1(cap value)2.5 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E -.7(Te)148 626.4 S .457
(lls the shell to belie).7 F .756 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .456
(hat the terminal capability).15 F F1(cap)2.956 E F0 .456
(\(as de\214ned in)2.956 F F1(termcap)2.956 E F0 .456(\(5\)\) has the v)
B(alue)-.25 E F1(value)148 638.4 Q F0 6.643(.N)C 4.143(os)-6.643 G 1.643
(anity checking is done.)-4.143 F 1.643(Concept terminal users may ha)
6.643 F 1.943 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 4.143(o`).15 G 1.643(settc xn no' to get)
-4.143 F(proper wrapping at the rightmost column.)148 650.4 Q F2(setty)
108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad64>A F0(|)A F2<ad71>A F0(|)A F2<ad78>A F0
2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(+)A F0(|)A F2<ad>A F0(])
A F1(mode)A F0 2.5(]\()C(+\))-2.5 E .635(Controls which tty modes \(see)
148 679.2 R F2 -.92(Te)3.135 G .635(rminal management).92 F F0 3.135
(\)t)C .635(he shell does not allo)-3.135 F 3.135(wt)-.25 G 3.135(oc)
-3.135 G(hange.)-3.135 E F2<ad64>5.635 E F0(,)A F2<ad71>148 691.2 Q F0
(or)2.745 E F2<ad78>2.745 E F0(tells)2.745 E F1(setty)2.745 E F0 .245
(to act on the `edit', `quote' or `e)2.745 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .245
(cute' set of tty modes respecti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .245(ly; without)
15 F F2<ad64>148 703.2 Q F0(,)A F2<ad71>2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2<ad78>2.5 E
F0 2.5(,`)C -.15(exe)-2.5 G(cute' is used.).15 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q
2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(33)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R -.4(Wi)148 84
S .464(thout other ar).4 F(guments,)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(setty)2.964 E F0 .464
(lists the modes in the chosen set which are \214x)2.964 F .463
(ed on \(`+mode'\) or)-.15 F(of)148 96 Q 2.828(f\()-.25 G 2.828
(`\255mode'\). The)-2.828 F -.2(av)2.828 G .329
(ailable modes, and thus the display)-.05 F 2.829(,v)-.65 G .329
(ary from system to system.)-3.079 F -.4(Wi)5.329 G(th).4 E/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>2.829 E F0(,)A .476
(lists all tty modes in the chosen set whether or not the)148 108 R
2.976(ya)-.15 G .476(re \214x)-2.976 F 2.976(ed. W)-.15 F(ith)-.4 E F2
(+)2.976 E F1(mode)A F0(,)A F2<ad>2.976 E F1(mode)A F0(or)2.976 E F1
(mode)2.976 E F0(,)A<8c78>148 120 Q(es)-.15 E F1(mode)2.642 E F0 .143
(on or of)2.643 F 2.643(fo)-.25 G 2.643(rr)-2.643 G(emo)-2.643 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.643(sc).15 G .143(ontrol from)-2.643 F F1(mode)2.643 E F0
143(in the chosen set.)2.643 F -.15(Fo)5.143 G 2.643(re).15 G .143
(xample, `setty +echok)-2.793 F .779(echoe' \214x)148 132 R .778
(es `echok' mode on and allo)-.15 F .778
(ws commands to turn `echoe' mode on or of)-.25 F .778(f, both when)-.25
F(the shell is e)148 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting commands.).15 E F2
(setxv)108 160.8 Q(ers)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(string)A F0 2.5(]\()C(+\))
-2.5 E(Set the e)148 172.8 Q(xperimental v)-.15 E(ersion pre\214x to)
-.15 E F1(string)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rr)-2.5 G(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15
G 2.5(si).15 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(is omitted.)2.5
E(\(TCF only\))5 E F2(shift)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(variable)A F0(])A
-.4(Wi)148 201.6 S .298(thout ar).4 F .298(guments, discards)-.18 F F2
(ar)2.798 E(gv)-.1 E F0 .298([1] and shifts the members of)B F2(ar)2.798
E(gv)-.1 E F0 .298(to the left.)2.798 F .299(It is an error for)5.298 F
F2(ar)148 213.6 Q(gv)-.1 E F0 .114(not to be set or to ha)2.614 F .414
-.15(ve l)-.2 H .114(ess than one w).15 F .114(ord as v)-.1 F 2.613
(alue. W)-.25 F(ith)-.4 E F1(variable)2.613 E F0 2.613(,p)C .113
(erforms the same func-)-2.613 F(tion on)148 225.6 Q F1(variable)2.5 E
F0(.)A F2(sour)108 242.4 Q(ce)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2<ad68>A F0(])A F1
(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .066
(The shell reads and e)148 254.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .066
(cutes commands from).15 F F1(name)2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066
(he commands are not placed on the history)-5.066 F 2.905(list. If)148
266.4 R(an)2.905 E(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.905 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .405(are gi)2.905
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .405(n, the).15 F 2.905(ya)-.15 G .405(re placed in)
-2.905 F F2(ar)2.905 E(gv)-.1 E F0 5.405(.\()C(+\))-5.405 E F1(sour)
2.905 E(ce)-.37 E F0 .405(commands may be nested; if the)2.905 F(y)-.15
E .64
(are nested too deeply the shell may run out of \214le descriptors.)148
278.4 R .64(An error in a)5.64 F F1(sour)3.14 E(ce)-.37 E F0 .64(at an)
3.14 F 3.14(yl)-.15 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.14 H(l).25 E 2.342
(terminates all nested)148 290.4 R F1(sour)4.842 E(ce)-.37 E F0 4.842
(commands. W)4.842 F(ith)-.4 E F2<ad68>4.842 E F0 4.842(,c)C 2.341
(ommands are placed on the history list)-4.842 F(instead of being e)148
302.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted, much lik).15 E 2.5(e`)-.1 G(history \255L)
-2.5 E('.)-.92 E F2(stop %)108 319.2 Q F1(job)A F0(|)A F1(pid)A F0(...)
2.5 E .39(Stops the speci\214ed jobs or processes which are e)148 331.2
R -.15(xe)-.15 G .391(cuting in the background.).15 F F1(job)5.391 E F0
391(may be a num-)2.891 F(ber)148 343.2 Q 3.908(,as)-.4 G 1.407
(tring, `', `%', `+' or `\255' as described under)-3.908 F F2 -.15(Jo)
3.907 G(bs).15 E F0 6.407(.T)C 1.407(here is no def)-6.407 F(ault)-.1 E
F1(job)3.907 E F0 3.907(;s)C 1.407(aying just)-3.907 F
(`stop' does not stop the current job)148 355.2 Q(.)-.4 E F2(suspend)108
372 Q F0 .863(Causes the shell to stop in its tracks, much as if it had\
been sent a stop signal with)5.54 F F2(^Z)3.363 E F0 5.863(.T)C .863
(his is)-5.863 F(most often used to stop shells started by)148 384 Q F1
(su)2.5 E F0(\(1\).)A F2(switch \()108 400.8 Q F1(string)A F2(\))A(case)
108 412.8 Q F1(str1)2.5 E F2(:)A F0(...)128 424.8 Q F2(br)128 436.8 Q
(eaksw)-.18 E F0(...)108 448.8 Q F2(default:)108 460.8 Q F0(...)128
472.8 Q F2(br)128 484.8 Q(eaksw)-.18 E(endsw)108 496.8 Q F0 .556
(Each case label is successi)13.33 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .556(ly matched, ag)
15 F .556(ainst the speci\214ed)-.05 F F1(string)3.056 E F0 .555
(which is \214rst command and)3.056 F 1.169(\214lename e)148 508.8 R
3.669(xpanded. The)-.15 F 1.169
(\214le metacharacters `*', `?' and `[...]')3.669 F 1.17
(may be used in the case labels,)6.169 F .771(which are v)148 520.8 R
771(ariable e)-.25 F 3.271(xpanded. If)-.15 F .771
(none of the labels match before a `def)3.271 F .77
(ault' label is found, then)-.1 F .553(the e)148 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
553(cution be).15 F .553(gins after the def)-.15 F .554(ault label.)-.1
F .554(Each case label and the def)5.554 F .554
(ault label must appear at)-.1 F 1.377(the be)148 544.8 R 1.377
(ginning of a line.)-.15 F 1.377(The command)6.377 F F1(br)3.876 E
(eaksw)-.37 E F0 1.376(causes e)3.876 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.376
(cution to continue after the).15 F F1(endsw)3.876 E F0(.)A .084
(Otherwise control may f)148 556.8 R .085
(all through case labels and def)-.1 F .085(ault labels as in C.)-.1 F
085(If no label matches and)5.085 F(there is no def)148 568.8 Q
(ault, e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution continues after the).15 E F1(endsw)
2.5 E F0(.)A F2(telltc)108 585.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Lists the v)148 597.6
Q(alues of all terminal capabilities \(see)-.25 E F1(termcap)2.5 E F0
(\(5\)\).)A F2(time)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(command)A F0(])A(Ex)148
626.4 Q(ecutes)-.15 E F1(command)2.551 E F0 .051(\(which must be a simp\
le command, not an alias, a pipeline, a command list or)2.551 F 3.281
(ap)148 638.4 S .781(arenthesized command list\) and prints a time summ\
ary as described under the)-3.281 F F2(time)3.282 E F0 -.25(va)3.282 G
(riable.).25 E 1.321(If necessary)148 650.4 R 3.821(,a)-.65 G 3.821(ne)
-3.821 G 1.321(xtra shell is created to print the time statistic when t\
he command completes.)-3.971 F -.4(Wi)148 662.4 S(thout).4 E F1(command)
2.5 E F0 2.5(,p)C
(rints a time summary for the current shell and its children.)-2.5 E F2
(umask)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(value)A F0(])A 1.04
(Sets the \214le creation mask to)148 691.2 R F1(value)3.54 E F0 3.54
(,w)C 1.041(hich is gi)-3.54 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.541(ni).15 G 3.541(no)
-3.541 G 3.541(ctal. Common)-3.541 F -.25(va)3.541 G 1.041
(lues for the mask are).25 F .987(002, gi)148 703.2 R .987
(ving all access to the group and read and e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .986
(cute access to others, and 022, gi).15 F .986(ving read)-.25 F(and e)
148 715.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute access to the group and others.).15 E
-.4(Wi)5 G(thout).4 E F1(value)2.5 E F0 2.5(,p)C
(rints the current \214le creation mask.)-2.5 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q
2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(34)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.5 E
F0(Remo)148 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.63(sa).15 G .13
(ll aliases whose names match)-2.63 F F2(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.131(.`)C
131(unalias *' thus remo)-5.131 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.631(sa).15 G .131
(ll aliases.)-2.631 F .131(It is not an)5.131 F(error for nothing to be)
148 108 Q F2(unalias)2.5 E F0(ed.)A F1(uncomplete)108 124.8 Q F2
(pattern)2.5 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Remo)148 136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.952(sa)
15 G .452(ll completions whose names match)-2.952 F F2(pattern)2.952 E
F0 5.452(.`)C .451(uncomplete *' thus remo)-5.452 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.951
(sa).15 G .451(ll comple-)-2.951 F 2.5(tions. It)148 148.8 R
(is not an error for nothing to be)2.5 E F2(uncomplete)2.5 E F0(d.)A F1
(unhash)108 165.6 Q F0
(Disables use of the internal hash table to speed location of e)8.87 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted programs.).15 E F1(uni)108 182.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G
(rse).1 E F2(univer)2.5 E(se)-.1 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Sets the uni)148 194.4
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse to).15 E F2(univer)2.5 E(se)-.1 E F0 5(.\()C
(Masscomp/R)-5 E(TU only\))-.6 E F1(unlimit)108 211.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad68>A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -.37(re)-2.5 G(sour).37 E(ce)-.37 E F0(])A(Remo)
148 223.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.04(st).15 G .54(he limitation on)-3.04 F F2
-.37(re)3.04 G(sour).37 E(ce)-.37 E F0(or)3.04 E 3.04(,i)-.4 G 3.04(fn)
-3.04 G(o)-3.04 E F2 -.37(re)3.04 G(sour).37 E(ce)-.37 E F0 .54
(is speci\214ed, all)3.04 F F2 -.37(re)3.04 G(sour).37 E(ce)-.37 E F0
3.04(limitations. W)3.04 F(ith)-.4 E F1<ad68>148 235.2 Q F0 2.5(,t)C
(he corresponding hard limits are remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5
(d. Only).15 F(the super)2.5 E(-user may do this.)-.2 E F1(unset)108 252
Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(Remo)148 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.301(sa).15 G 1.801
(ll v)-4.301 F 1.801(ariables whose names match)-.25 F F2(pattern)4.301
E F0 4.301(,u)C 1.801(nless the)-4.301 F 4.301(ya)-.15 G 1.801
(re read-only)-4.301 F 6.8(.`)-.65 G 1.8(unset *' thus)-6.8 F(remo)148
276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.689(sa).15 G .189(ll v)-2.689 F .189
(ariables unless the)-.25 F 2.689(ya)-.15 G .189
(re read-only; this is a bad idea.)-2.689 F .19
(It is not an error for nothing to)5.19 F(be)148 288 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F0
(.)A F1(unseten)108 304.8 Q(v)-.4 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(Remo)148 316.8 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.55(sa).15 G 1.05(ll en)-3.55 F 1.049(vironment v)-.4 F
1.049(ariables whose names match)-.25 F F2(pattern)3.549 E F0 6.049(.`)C
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F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.549(sa).15 G(ll)-3.549 E(en)148 328.8 Q(vironment v)
-.4 E(ariables; this is a bad idea.)-.25 E
(It is not an error for nothing to be)5 E F2(unseten)2.5 E(v)-.4 E F0
(ed.)A F1 -.1(ve)108 345.6 S(r).1 E F0([)2.5 E F2(systype)A F0([)2.5 E
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F0(and)148 369.6 Q F2(command)6.833 E F0 6.833(,e)C -.15(xe)-6.983 G
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(\(Domain/OS only\))148 381.6 Q F1(wait)108 398.4 Q F0 1.113
(The shell w)21.67 F 1.113(aits for all background jobs.)-.1 F 1.114
(If the shell is interacti)6.114 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.614(,a).15 G 3.614
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E F1(watchlog)108 456 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E 1.124(An alternate name for the)
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(iltin command \(q.v).2 F 3.624(.\). A)-.65 F -.25(va)-.74 G 1.124
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148 480 Q F1 -.1(ve)2.5 G(rsion).1 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
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(path)3.084 E F0 .584(searching, etc.)3.084 F .475(The b)148 549.6 R
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148 561.6 Q(aster)-.1 E 5(.S)-.55 G(ee also the)-5 E F2(whic)2.5 E
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-.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(\))A F0(...)108 590.4 Q F1(end)108 602.4 Q F0(Ex)
24.44 E .997(ecutes the commands between the)-.15 F F2(while)3.497 E F0
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(may be used to terminate or continue the loop prematurely)2.588 F 5.089
(.I)-.65 G 2.589(ft)-5.089 G(he)-2.589 E(input is a terminal, the user \
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(xterm)2.575 E F0 .075(\(1\) to be the name of the host, a colon, and)B
(the full current w)148 165.6 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 5(.A)-.65 G -.1
(fa)-2.5 G(ncier w).1 E(ay to do that is)-.1 E 2.5(>a)168 182.4 S
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1.035(This will put the hostname and w)148 199.2 R 1.035
(orking directory on the title bar b)-.1 F 1.036
(ut only the hostname in the)-.2 F(icon manager menu.)148 211.2 Q .993
(Note that putting a)148 228 R F2(cd)3.493 E F0(,)A F2(pushd)3.492 E F0
(or)3.492 E F2(popd)3.492 E F0(in)3.492 E F2(cwdcmd)3.492 E F0 .992
(may cause an in\214nite loop.)3.492 F .992(It is the author')5.992 F(s)
-.55 E(opinion that an)148 240 Q(yone doing so will get what the)-.15 E
2.5(yd)-.15 G(eserv)-2.5 E(e.)-.15 E F1(jobcmd)108 256.8 Q F0 .705
(Runs before each command gets e)7.78 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .705
(cuted, or when the command changes state.).15 F .705(This is similar)
5.705 F(to)148 268.8 Q F2(postcmd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
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(lias jobcmd)-2.5 E('echo \255n "^[]2\\;\\!#^G"')5 E(then e)148 302.4 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(vi foo.c)2.5 E F0
(will put the command string in the xterm title bar)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
(helpcommand)108 319.2 Q F0(In)148 331.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
4.481(db).1 G 4.481(yt)-4.481 G(he)-4.481 E F1(run-help)4.481 E F0 1.981
(editor command.)4.481 F 1.981
(The command name for which help is sought is)6.981 F(passed as sole ar)
148 343.2 Q 2.5(gument. F)-.18 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, if one does)-.15 E
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(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .362(d, using the GNU help calling con).1 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G(n-).15 E 2.846(tion. Currently)148 388.8 R .346
(there is no easy w)2.846 F .345(ay to account for v)-.1 F .345
(arious calling con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .345
(ntions \(e.g., the custom-).15 F(ary Unix `-h'\), e)148 400.8 Q
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(tperiod)3.932 E F0 3.932(minutes. This)3.932 F(pro)3.932 E 1.432
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E(ws)-.15 E F0 .718(\(1\) program runs e)B -.15(ve)-.25 G .718
(ry 30 minutes.).15 F(If)5.718 E F2(periodic)3.218 E F0 .718(is set b)
3.218 F(ut)-.2 E F1(tperiod)3.218 E F0 .718(is unset or)3.218 F
(set to 0,)148 487.2 Q F2(periodic)2.5 E F0(beha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5
(sl).15 G(ik)-2.5 E(e)-.1 E F2(pr)2.5 E(ecmd)-.37 E F0(.)A F1(pr)108 504
Q(ecmd)-.18 E F0(Runs just before each prompt is printed.)7.41 E -.15
(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, if one does)-2.65 E 2.5(>a)168 520.8 S
(lias precmd date)-2.5 E(then)148 537.6 Q F2(date)3.288 E F0 .789
(\(1\) runs just before the shell prompts for each command.)B .789
(There are no limits on what)5.789 F F2(pr)148 549.6 Q(ecmd)-.37 E F0
(can be set to do, b)2.5 E(ut discretion should be used.)-.2 E F1
(postcmd)108 566.4 Q F0(Runs before each command gets e)148 578.4 Q -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E 2.5(>a)168 595.2 S(lias postcmd)-2.5 E
('echo \255n "^[]2\\;\\!#^G"')5 E(then e)148 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
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(addsuf\214x)3.272 E F0(,)A F1(ar)3.272 E(gv)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(autologout)
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3.161 E(ompt2)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(pr)3.161 E(ompt3)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(shell)
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F(ariables)-.25 E .78(of the same names: whene)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.28(rt).15 G .78(he en)-3.28 F .78(vironment v)-.4 F .78
(ariable changes the shell changes the corresponding shell)-.25 F -.25
(va)108 124.8 S .242(riable to match \(unless the shell v).25 F .242
(ariable is read-only\) and vice v)-.25 F 2.743(ersa. Note)-.15 F .243
(that although)2.743 F F1(cwd)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E F1(PWD)2.743 E F0
(ha)108 136.8 Q 1.27 -.15(ve i)-.2 H .97(dentical meanings, the).15 F
3.47(ya)-.15 G .97(re not synchronized in this manner)-3.47 F 3.47(,a)
-.4 G .97(nd that the shell automatically inter)-3.47 F(-)-.2 E(con)108
148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rts the dif).15 E(ferent formats of)-.25 E F1
(path)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0(.)A F1
(addsuf\214x)108 165.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .167(If set, \214lename complet\
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\214les)148 177.6 R(when the)148 189.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re matched e)
-2.5 E(xactly)-.15 E 5(.S)-.65 G(et by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(afsuser)
108 206.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E 1.543(If set,)148 218.4 R F1(autologout)4.043
E F0 2.642 -.55('s a)D 1.542(utolock feature uses its v).55 F 1.542
(alue instead of the local username for k)-.25 F(erberos)-.1 E
(authentication.)148 230.4 Q F1(ampm)108 247.2 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(If set, all times are sho)148 259.2 Q(wn in 12-hour AM/PM format.)-.25
E F1(ar)108 276 Q(gv)-.1 E F0 .848(The ar)20.66 F .848
(guments to the shell.)-.18 F .849(Positional parameters are tak)5.848 F
849(en from)-.1 F F1(ar)3.349 E(gv)-.1 E F0 3.349(,i)C .849
(.e., `$1' is replaced by)-3.349 F(`$ar)148 288 Q(gv[1]', etc.)-.18 E
(Set by def)5 E(ault, b)-.1 E(ut usually empty in interacti)-.2 E .3
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(\(+\))2.5 E(If set, the)148 316.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(spell-wor)
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2.5(da).1 G(utomatically before each completion attempt.)-2.5 E F1
(autoexpand)108 333.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E 2.542(If set, the)148 345.6 R F2
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(utomatically before each completion)-5.042 F(attempt.)148 357.6 Q F1
(autolist)108 374.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .732
(If set, possibilities are listed after an ambiguous completion.)148
386.4 R .733(If set to `ambiguous', possibilities)5.732 F
(are listed only when no ne)148 398.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G
(haracters are added by completion.)-2.5 E F1(autologout)108 415.2 Q F0
(\(+\))2.5 E .512(The \214rst w)148 427.2 R .511
(ord is the number of minutes of inacti)-.1 F .511
(vity before automatic logout.)-.25 F .511(The optional sec-)5.511 F
548(ond w)148 439.2 R .548(ord is the number of minutes of inacti)-.1 F
549(vity before automatic locking.)-.25 F .549(When the shell auto-)
5.549 F .253(matically logs out, it prints `auto-logout', sets the v)148
451.2 R .253(ariable logout to `automatic' and e)-.25 F 2.752
(xits. When)-.15 F .102
(the shell automatically locks, the user is required to enter his passw)
148 463.2 R .102(ord to continue w)-.1 F 2.602(orking. Fi)-.1 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .364(incorrect attempts result in automatic logout.)148 475.2 R
363(Set to `60' \(automatic logout after 60 minutes, and)5.364 F .36
(no locking\) by def)148 487.2 R .36
(ault in login and superuser shells, b)-.1 F .36
(ut not if the shell thinks it is running under)-.2 F 2.816(aw)148 499.2
S(indo)-2.816 E 2.816(ws)-.25 G .316(ystem \(i.e., the)-2.816 F F1
(DISPLA)2.816 E(Y)-1 E F0(en)2.816 E .316(vironment v)-.4 F .315
(ariable is set\), the tty is a pseudo-tty \(pty\) or)-.25 F .85
(the shell w)148 511.2 R .85(as not so compiled \(see the)-.1 F F1 -.1
(ve)3.351 G(rsion).1 E F0 .851(shell v)3.351 F 3.351(ariable\). See)-.25
F .851(also the)3.351 F F1(afsuser)3.351 E F0(and)3.351 E F1(logout)
3.351 E F0(shell v)148 523.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1(backslash_quote)108
540 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .454(If set, backslashes \(`\\'\) al)148 552 R -.1
(wa)-.1 G .453(ys quote `\\', `').1 F .453(', and `"'.)-.74 F .453
(This may mak)5.453 F 2.953(ec)-.1 G(omple)-2.953 E 2.953(xq)-.15 G .453
(uoting tasks eas-)-2.953 F(ier)148 564 Q 2.5(,b)-.4 G
(ut it can cause syntax errors in)-2.7 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\) scripts.)
A F1(catalog)108 580.8 Q F0 1.48
(The \214le name of the message catalog.)9.45 F 1.481
(If set, tcsh use `tcsh.${catalog}' as a message catalog)6.481 F
(instead of def)148 592.8 Q(ault `tcsh'.)-.1 E F1(cdpath)108 609.6 Q F0
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(If set, it enables color display for the b)18.34 F(uiltin)-.2 E F1
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F0 .234(or only)2.734 F F1(ls)2.734 E F0 .234
(to enable color to only one command.)2.734 F .233
(Setting it to nothing is)5.234 F(equi)148 662.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G
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679.2 Q(cat)-.18 E F0 .842
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F .842(And display colorful NLS mes-)5.842 F(sages.)148 691.2 Q
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(If set, the command which w)148 96 Q(as passed to the shell with the)
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(yphens and underscores)-.05 F(\(`.)148 136.8 Q
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the shell will continue the listed commands, instead of starting a ne)
148 165.6 R(w)-.25 E(one.)148 177.6 Q F1(continue_ar)108 194.4 Q(gs)-.1
E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Same as continue, b)148 206.4 Q(ut the shell will e)-.2
E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute:).15 E(echo `pwd` $ar)168 223.2 Q
(gv > ~/.<cmd>_pause; %<cmd>)-.18 E F1(corr)108 240 Q(ect)-.18 E F0
(\(+\))2.5 E .683
(If set to `cmd', commands are automatically spelling-corrected.)148 252
R .682(If set to `complete', commands)5.682 F
(are automatically completed.)148 264 Q
(If set to `all', the entire command line is corrected.)5 E F1(cwd)108
280.8 Q F0(The full pathname of the current directory)22.78 E 5(.S)-.65
G(ee also the)-5 E F1(dirstack)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.1(ow)2.5 G(d).1 E
F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1(dextract)108 297.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
615(If set, `pushd +)148 309.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 3.116
('e)C .616(xtracts the)-3.266 F F2(n)3.116 E F0 .616
(th directory from the directory stack rather than rotating it to the)B
(top.)148 321.6 Q F1(dirs\214le)108 338.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .321(The def)
148 350.4 R .321(ault location in which `dirs \255S' and `dirs \255L)-.1
F 2.821('l)-.92 G .32(ook for a history \214le.)-2.821 F .32(If unset,)
5.32 F F2(~/.cshdir)2.82 E(s)-.1 E F0(is)2.82 E 4.701(used. Because)148
362.4 R(only)4.701 E F2(~/.tcshr)4.701 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.201
(is normally sourced before)4.701 F F2(~/.cshdir)4.702 E(s)-.1 E F0(,)A
F1(dirs\214le)4.702 E F0 2.202(should be set in)4.702 F F2(~/.tcshr)148
374.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0(rather than)2.5 E F2(~/.lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
(dirstack)108 391.2 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .425
(An array of all the directories on the directory stack.)148 403.2 R
424(`$dirstack[1]' is the current w)5.425 F .424(orking direc-)-.1 F
(tory)148 415.2 Q 2.818(,`)-.65 G .318
($dirstack[2]' the \214rst directory on the stack, etc.)-2.818 F .318
(Note that the current w)5.318 F .318(orking directory is)-.1 F .682
(`$dirstack[1]' b)148 427.2 R .682
(ut `=0' in directory stack substitutions, etc.)-.2 F .681
(One can change the stack arbitrarily)5.681 F .917(by setting)148 439.2
R F1(dirstack)3.417 E F0 3.417(,b)C .917
(ut the \214rst element \(the current w)-3.617 F .917
(orking directory\) is al)-.1 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .918(ys correct.).1 F(See)
5.918 E(also the)148 451.2 Q F1(cwd)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.1(ow)2.5 G
(d).1 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1(dspmbyte)108 468 Q F0
(\(+\))2.5 E .234(If set to `euc', it enables display and editing EUC-k\
anji\(Japanese\) code.)148 480 R .233(If set to `sjis', it enables)5.234
F 2.123(display and editing Shift-JIS\(Japanese\) code.)148 492 R 2.123
(If set to `big5', it enables display and editing)7.123 F 1.652
(Big5\(Chinese\) code.)148 504 R 1.652(If set to the follo)6.652 F 1.651
(wing format, it enables display and editing of original)-.25 F
(multi-byte code format:)148 516 Q 2.5(>s)168 532.8 S
(et dspmbyte = 0000....\(256 bytes\)....0000)-2.5 E 1.42
(The table requires)148 549.6 R F1(just)3.92 E F0 1.421(256 bytes.)3.92
F 1.421(Each character of 256 characters corresponds \(from left to)
6.421 F .268(right\) to the ASCII codes 0x00, 0x01, ... 0xf)148 561.6 R
2.768(f. Each)-.25 F .268(character is set to number 0,1,2 and 3.)2.768
F(Each)5.267 E(number has the follo)148 573.6 Q(wing meaning:)-.25 E 2.5
(0.)153 585.6 S(.. not used for multi-byte characters.)-2.5 E 2.5(1.)153
597.6 S(.. used for the \214rst byte of a multi-byte character)-2.5 E(.)
-.55 E 2.5(2.)153 609.6 S
(.. used for the second byte of a multi-byte character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E
2.5(3.)153 621.6 S(.. used for both the \214rst byte and second byte of\
a multi-byte character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E(Example:)153 710.4 Q 1.918(If s\
et to `001322', the \214rst character \(means 0x00 of the ASCII code\) \
and second character)148 722.4 R(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R .907
(\(means 0x01 of ASCII code\) are set to `0'.)148 84 R .906
(Then, it is not used for multi-byte characters.)5.906 F(The)5.906 E
109(3rd character \(0x02\) is set to '2', indicating that it is used f\
or the \214rst byte of a multi-byte charac-)148 96 R(ter)148 108 Q 5.548
(.T)-.55 G .548(he 4th character\(0x03\) is set '3'.)-5.548 F .548
(It is used for both the \214rst byte and the second byte of a)5.548 F
833(multi-byte character)148 120 R 5.833(.T)-.55 G .834(he 5th and 6th\
characters \(0x04,0x05\) are set to '2', indicating that the)-5.833 F
(y)-.15 E(are used for the second byte of a multi-byte character)148 132
Q(.)-.55 E 1.164(The GNU \214leutils v)148 148.8 R 1.164(ersion of ls c\
annot display multi-byte \214lenames without the -N \( --literal \))-.15
F 5.407(option. If)148 160.8 R .407(you are using this v)2.907 F .408
(ersion, set the second w)-.15 F .408(ord of dspmbyte to "ls".)-.1 F
408(If not, for e)5.408 F(xam-)-.15 E
(ple, "ls-F -l" cannot display multi-byte \214lenames.)148 172.8 Q/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(dunique)108 189.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(If set,)148 201.6 Q
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pushd)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5
(sa).15 G .3 -.15(ny i)-2.5 H(nstances of).15 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
(from the stack before pushing it onto the stack.)2.5 E F1(echo)108
218.4 Q F0 1.488(If set, each command with its ar)20.56 F 1.488
(guments is echoed just before it is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.988
(cuted. F).15 F 1.488(or non-b)-.15 F(uiltin)-.2 E .53(commands all e)
148 230.4 R .531(xpansions occur before echoing.)-.15 F .531
(Builtin commands are echoed before command)5.531 F 1.337(and \214lenam\
e substitution, because these substitutions are then done selecti)148
242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.337(.S)-.65 G 1.337(et by the)-6.337 F
F1<ad78>3.836 E F0(command line option.)148 254.4 Q F1(echo_style)108
271.2 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(The style of the)148 283.2 Q F2(ec)2.5 E(ho)-.15
E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G 2.5(iltin. May).2 F(be set to)2.5 E 23.61(bsd Don')148
300 R 2.5(te)-.18 G(cho a ne)-2.5 E(wline if the \214rst ar)-.25 E
(gument is `\255n'.)-.18 E 19.72(sysv Recognize)148 312 R
(backslashed escape sequences in echo strings.)2.5 E 19.72
(both Recognize)148 324 R
(both the `\255n' \215ag and backslashed escape sequences; the def)2.5 E
(ault.)-.1 E 18.06(none Recognize)148 336 R(neither)2.5 E(.)-.55 E .768
(Set by def)148 352.8 R .769(ault to the local system def)-.1 F 3.269
(ault. The)-.1 F .769(BSD and System V options are described in the)
3.269 F F2(ec)148 364.8 Q(ho)-.15 E F0
(\(1\) man pages on the appropriate systems.)A F1(edit)108 381.6 Q F0
6.59(\(+\) If)2.5 F(set, the command-line editor is used.)2.5 E
(Set by def)5 E(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
F1(ellipsis)108 398.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .191(If set, the `%c'/`%.)148
410.4 R 2.691('a)-.7 G .191(nd `%C' prompt sequences \(see the)-2.691 F
F1(pr)2.691 E(ompt)-.18 E F0 .19(shell v)2.69 F .19
(ariable\) indicate skipped)-.25 F(directories with an ellipsis \(`...)
148 422.4 Q 2.5('\) instead)-.7 F(of `/<skipped>'.)2.5 E F1(\214gnor)108
439.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Lists \214le name suf)148 451.2 Q<8c78>
-.25 E(es to be ignored by completion.)-.15 E F1(\214lec)108 468 Q F0
(In)22.78 E F2(tcsh)2.725 E F0 2.725(,c)C .225(ompletion is al)-2.725 F
-.1(wa)-.1 G .225(ys used and this v).1 F .225(ariable is ignored.)-.25
F .225(If set in)5.225 F F2(csh)2.725 E F0 2.725<2c8c>C .225
(lename completion)-2.725 F(is used.)148 480 Q F1(gid)108 496.8 Q F0
9.36(\(+\) The)2.5 F(user')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G(eal group ID.)-2.5 E F1
(gr)108 513.6 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(The user')148 525.6 Q 2.5(sg)
-.55 G(roup name.)-2.5 E F1(histchars)108 542.4 Q F0 2.835(As)148 554.4
S .335(tring v)-2.835 F .335(alue determining the characters used in)
-.25 F F1 .334(History substitution)2.835 F F0(\(q.v)2.834 E 2.834
(.\). The)-.65 F .334(\214rst character)2.834 F .818(of its v)148 566.4
R .819(alue is used as the history substitution character)-.25 F 3.319
(,r)-.4 G .819(eplacing the def)-3.319 F .819(ault character `!'.)-.1 F
(The)5.819 E(second character of its v)148 578.4 Q
(alue replaces the character `^' in quick substitutions.)-.25 E F1
(histdup)108 595.2 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .36
(Controls handling of duplicate entries in the history list.)148 607.2 R
359(If set to `all' only unique history e)5.359 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts)
15 E .386(are entered in the history list.)148 619.2 R .386
(If set to `pre)5.386 F .386(v' and the last history e)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .386(nt is the same as the current).15 F .553
(command, then the current command is not entered in the history)148
631.2 R 5.552(.I)-.65 G 3.052(fs)-5.552 G .552
(et to `erase' and the same)-3.052 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)148 643.2 T .05
(nt is found in the history list, that old e).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .051
(nt gets erased and the current one gets inserted.).15 F(Note)5.051 E
(that the `pre)148 655.2 Q(v' and `all' options renumber history e)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts so there are no g).15 E(aps.)-.05 E F1(hist\214le)
108 672 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .187(The def)148 684 R .187
(ault location in which `history \255S' and `history \255L)-.1 F 2.686
('l)-.92 G .186(ook for a history \214le.)-2.686 F .186(If unset,)5.186
F F2(~/.his-)2.686 E(tory)148 696 Q F0 .105(is used.)2.605 F F1
(hist\214le)5.105 E F0 .106
(is useful when sharing the same home directory between dif)2.605 F .106
(ferent machines,)-.25 F 2.208(or when sa)148 708 R 2.208
(ving separate histories on dif)-.2 F 2.207(ferent terminals.)-.25 F
2.207(Because only)7.207 F F2(~/.tcshr)4.707 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.207
(is normally)4.707 F(sourced before)148 720 Q F2(~/.history)2.5 E F0(,)A
F1(hist\214le)2.5 E F0(should be set in)2.5 E F2(~/.tcshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(histlit)108 84 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .057(If set, b)148 96 R
058(uiltin and editor commands and the)-.2 F F1(sa)2.558 E -.1(ve)-.25
G(hist).1 E F0 .058(mechanism use the literal \(une)2.558 F .058
(xpanded\) form)-.15 F(of lines in the history list.)148 108 Q
(See also the)5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(to)2.5 E -.1(gg)-.1 G
(le-liter).1 E(al-history)-.15 E F0(editor command.)2.5 E F1(history)108
124.8 Q F0 .183(The \214rst w)10 F .183
(ord indicates the number of history e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .182
(nts to sa).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 5.182(.T).15 G .182(he optional second w)
-5.182 F .182(ord \(+\) indi-)-.1 F .94
(cates the format in which history is printed; if not gi)148 136.8 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .94(n, `%h\\t%T\\t%R\\n' is used.).15 F .94(The format)
5.94 F .793(sequences are described belo)148 148.8 R 3.293(wu)-.25 G
(nder)-3.293 E F1(pr)3.293 E(ompt)-.18 E F0 3.293(;n)C .793(ote the v)
-3.293 F .793(ariable meaning of `%R'.)-.25 F .792(Set to `100')5.793 F
(by def)148 160.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(home)108 177.6 Q F0 .372
(Initialized to the home directory of the in)16.67 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
(ke).2 G 3.972 -.55(r. T).1 H .372(he \214lename e).55 F .372
(xpansion of `)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 2.872('r)C .372(efers to this v)-2.872 F
(ari-)-.25 E(able.)148 189.6 Q F1(ignor)108 206.4 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 .452
(If set to the empty string or `0' and the input de)148 218.4 R .452
(vice is a terminal, the)-.25 F F2(end-of-\214le)2.952 E F0 .452
(command \(usu-)2.952 F .14(ally generated by the user by typing `^D' o\
n an empty line\) causes the shell to print `Use "e)148 230.4 R .14
(xit" to)-.15 F(lea)148 242.4 Q .963 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(csh.).15 E 3.163
('i)-.7 G .663(nstead of e)-3.163 F 3.163(xiting. This)-.15 F(pre)3.163
E -.15(ve)-.25 G .662(nts the shell from accidentally being killed.).15
F .662(If set to a)5.662 F(number)148 254.4 Q F2(n)2.852 E F0 2.852(,t)C
352(he shell ignores)-2.852 F F2(n)2.852 E F0 2.852(-1c)2.852 G
(onsecuti)-2.852 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(end-of-\214le)3.002 E F0 2.852(sa)C
352(nd e)-2.852 F .352(xits on the)-.15 F F2(n)2.852 E F0 2.852
(th. \(+\))B .353(If unset, `1' is)2.852 F(used, i.e., the shell e)148
266.4 Q(xits on a single `^D'.)-.15 E F1(implicitcd)108 283.2 Q F0
(\(+\))2.5 E .227(If set, the shell treats a directory name typed as a \
command as though it were a request to change)148 295.2 R .29
(to that directory)148 307.2 R 5.29(.I)-.65 G 2.79(fs)-5.29 G .29(et to)
-2.79 F F2(verbose)2.79 E F0 2.79(,t)C .291
(he change of directory is echoed to the standard output.)-2.79 F(This)
5.291 E(beha)148 319.2 Q .605(vior is inhibited in non-interacti)-.2 F
905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605
(hell scripts, or for command strings with more than one).15 F -.1(wo)
148 331.2 S 2.659(rd. Changing).1 F .159(directory tak)2.659 F .159
(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.659(re).15 G -.15(xe)-2.809 G
159(cuting a lik).15 F .159(e-named command, b)-.1 F .16(ut it is done)
-.2 F(after alias substitutions.)148 343.2 Q -.35(Ti)5 G(lde and v).35 E
(ariable e)-.25 E(xpansions w)-.15 E(ork as e)-.1 E(xpected.)-.15 E F1
(inputmode)108 360 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(If set to `insert' or `o)148 372 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwrite', puts the editor into that input mode at the be)
15 E(ginning of each line.)-.15 E F1(killdup)108 388.8 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
1.898(Controls handling of duplicate entries in the kill ring.)148 400.8
R 1.897(If set to `all' only unique strings are)6.897 F .559
(entered in the kill ring.)148 412.8 R .559(If set to `pre)5.559 F .56
(v' and the last killed string is the same as the current killed)-.25 F
1.015(string, then the current string is not entered in the ring.)148
424.8 R 1.014(If set to `erase' and the same string is)6.015 F(found in\
the kill ring, the old string is erased and the current one is inserte\
d.)148 436.8 Q F1(killring)108 453.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .05
(Indicates the number of killed strings to k)148 465.6 R .05
(eep in memory)-.1 F 5.05(.S)-.65 G .05(et to `30' by def)-5.05 F 2.55
(ault. If)-.1 F .05(unset or set to)2.55 F
(less than `2', the shell will only k)148 477.6 Q
(eep the most recently killed string.)-.1 E F1(list\215ags)108 494.4 Q
F0(\(+\))2.5 E 1.129(If set to `x', `a' or `)148 506.4 R -1.11(A')-.8 G
3.629(,o)1.11 G 3.629(ra)-3.629 G 1.428 -.15(ny c)-3.629 H 1.128
(ombination thereof \(e.g., `xA).15 F 1.128('\), the)-1.11 F 3.628(ya)
-.15 G 1.128(re used as \215ags to)-3.628 F F2(ls\255F)3.628 E F0(,)A
095(making it act lik)148 518.4 R 2.595(e`)-.1 G .096
(ls \255xF', `ls \255F)-2.595 F .096(a', `ls \255F)-.15 F 2.316 -1.11
(A' o)-.74 H 2.596(rac)1.11 G .096(ombination \(e.g., `ls \255FxA)-2.596
F .096('\): `a' sho)-1.11 F .096(ws all \214les)-.25 F(\(e)148 530.4 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.716(ni).15 G 3.716(ft)-3.716 G(he)-3.716 E 3.716(ys)
-.15 G 1.216(tart with a `.)-3.716 F 1.216('\), `)-.7 F 3.436 -1.11
(A' s)-.8 H(ho)1.11 E 1.216(ws all \214les b)-.25 F 1.215(ut `.)-.2 F
3.715('a)-.7 G 1.215(nd `..)-3.715 F 1.215
(', and `x' sorts across instead of)-.7 F(do)148 542.4 Q 2.5(wn. If)-.25
F(the second w)2.5 E(ord of)-.1 E F1(list\215ags)2.5 E F0
(is set, it is used as the path to `ls\(1\)'.)2.5 E F1(listjobs)108
559.2 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(If set, all jobs are listed when a job is suspended.)148 571.2 Q
(If set to `long', the listing is in long format.)5 E F1(listlinks)108
588 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(If set, the)148 600 Q F2(ls\255F)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)
2.5 G(iltin command sho).2 E
(ws the type of \214le to which each symbolic link points.)-.25 E F1
(listmax)108 616.8 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E 1.042
(The maximum number of items which the)148 628.8 R F2(list-c)3.542 E
(hoices)-.15 E F0 1.043(editor command will list without asking)3.542 F
(\214rst.)148 640.8 Q F1(listmaxr)108 657.6 Q -.1(ow)-.18 G(s).1 E F0
(\(+\))2.5 E .689(The maximum number of ro)148 669.6 R .689
(ws of items which the)-.25 F F2(list-c)3.188 E(hoices)-.15 E F0 .688
(editor command will list without)3.188 F(asking \214rst.)148 681.6 Q F1
(loginsh)108 698.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .438
(Set by the shell if it is a login shell.)148 710.4 R .438
(Setting or unsetting it within a shell has no ef)5.438 F 2.939
(fect. See)-.25 F(also)2.939 E F1(shlvl)148 722.4 Q F0(.)A
(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(40)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 84 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .563(Set by the shell t\
o `normal' before a normal logout, `automatic' before an automatic logo\
ut, and)148 96 R .687(`hangup' if the shell w)148 108 R .687
(as killed by a hangup signal \(see)-.1 F F1 .688(Signal handling)3.188
F F0 3.188(\). See)B .688(also the)3.188 F F1(autolo-)3.188 E(gout)148
120 Q F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(mail)108 136.8 Q F0 1.046(The\
names of the \214les or directories to check for incoming mail, separa\
ted by whitespace, and)21.11 F .168(optionally preceded by a numeric w)
148 148.8 R 2.669(ord. Before)-.1 F .169(each prompt, if 10 minutes ha)
2.669 F .469 -.15(ve p)-.2 H .169(assed since the).15 F .352
(last check, the shell checks each \214le and says `Y)148 160.8 R .352
(ou ha)-1.1 F .652 -.15(ve n)-.2 H .852 -.25(ew m).15 H(ail.).25 E 2.852
('\()-.7 G(or)-2.852 E 2.851(,i)-.4 G(f)-2.851 E F1(mail)2.851 E F0 .351
(contains multiple)2.851 F .308(\214les, `Y)148 172.8 R .309(ou ha)-1.1
F .609 -.15(ve n)-.2 H .809 -.25(ew m).15 H .309(ail in).25 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.809 E F0 -.7(.')C 2.809(\)i).7 G 2.809(ft)
-2.809 G .309
(he \214lesize is greater than zero in size and has a modi\214ca-)-2.809
F(tion time greater than its access time.)148 184.8 Q .477(If you are i\
n a login shell, then no mail \214le is reported unless it has been mod\
i\214ed after the time)148 206.4 R 1.383
(the shell has started up, to pre)148 218.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.383
(nt redundant noti\214cations.).15 F 1.383
(Most login programs will tell you)6.383 F(whether or not you ha)148
230.4 Q .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ail when you log in.).15 E .038
(If a \214le speci\214ed in)148 247.2 R F1(mail)2.538 E F0 .038
(is a directory)2.538 F 2.538(,t)-.65 G .038
(he shell will count each \214le within that directory as a sep-)-2.538
F .359(arate message, and will report `Y)148 259.2 R .359(ou ha)-1.1 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G F2(n)3.009 E F0(mails.)2.859 E 2.859('o)-.7 G 2.859(r`)
-2.859 G -1.1(Yo)-2.859 G 2.86(uh)1.1 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.86 H F2(n)3.06
E F0 .36(mails in)2.86 F F2(name)2.86 E F0 1.76 -.7(.' a)D 2.86(sa).7 G
(ppropriate.)-2.86 E .72(This functionality is pro)148 271.2 R .719
(vided primarily for those systems which store mail in this manner)-.15
F 3.219(,s)-.4 G(uch)-3.219 E(as the Andre)148 283.2 Q 2.5(wM)-.25 G
(ail System.)-2.5 E(If the \214rst w)148 300 Q(ord of)-.1 E F1(mail)2.5
E F0(is numeric it is tak)2.5 E(en as a dif)-.1 E
(ferent mail checking interv)-.25 E(al, in seconds.)-.25 E .87(Under v)
148 316.8 R .87(ery rare circumstances, the shell may report `Y)-.15 F
87(ou ha)-1.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ail.).15 E 3.37('i)-.7 G .87
(nstead of `Y)-3.37 F .87(ou ha)-1.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -.25(ew).15
G(mail.)148 328.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(matchbeep)108 345.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E 1.46
(If set to `ne)148 357.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.46(r', completion ne).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.96(rb).15 G 3.96(eeps. If)-3.96 F 1.46
(set to `nomatch', it beeps only when there is no)3.96 F 3.357
(match. If)148 369.6 R .857
(set to `ambiguous, it beeps when there are multiple matches.)3.357 F
858(If set to `notunique', it)5.858 F(beeps when there is one e)148
381.6 Q(xact and other longer matches.)-.15 E
(If unset, `ambiguous' is used.)5 E F1(nobeep)108 398.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(If set, beeping is completely disabled.)148 410.4 Q(See also)5 E F1
(visiblebell)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)108 427.2 Q(ber)-.1 E F0 2.707(If s\
et, restrictions are placed on output redirection to insure that \214le\
s are not accidentally)148 439.2 R(destro)148 451.2 Q .608
(yed and that `>>' redirections refer to e)-.1 F .609
(xisting \214les, as described in the)-.15 F F1(Input/output)3.109 E F0
(sec-)3.109 E(tion.)148 463.2 Q F1(noding)108 480 Q F0
(If set, disable the printing of `DING!' in the)10.54 E F1(pr)2.5 E
(ompt)-.18 E F0(time speci\214ers at the change of hour)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
F1(noglob)108 496.8 Q F0 .262(If set,)11.1 F F1 .262
(Filename substitution)2.762 F F0(and)2.762 E F1(Dir)2.762 E .262
(ectory stack substitution)-.18 F F0(\(q.v)2.761 E .261
(.\) are inhibited.)-.65 F .261(This is most)5.261 F 1.624(useful in sh\
ell scripts which do not deal with \214lenames, or after a list of \214\
lenames has been)148 508.8 R(obtained and further e)148 520.8 Q
(xpansions are not desirable.)-.15 E F1(nokanji)108 537.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5
E .581(If set and the shell supports Kanji \(see the)148 549.6 R F1 -.1
(ve)3.081 G(rsion).1 E F0 .58(shell v)3.081 F .58
(ariable\), it is disabled so that the meta)-.25 F -.1(ke)148 561.6 S
2.5(yc)-.05 G(an be used.)-2.5 E F1(nonomatch)108 578.4 Q F0 .354
(If set, a)148 590.4 R F1 .354(Filename substitution)2.854 F F0(or)2.854
E F1(Dir)2.854 E .354(ectory stack substitution)-.18 F F0(\(q.v)2.854 E
355(.\) which does not match an)-.65 F(y)-.15 E -.15(ex)148 602.4 S
472(isting \214les is left untouched rather than causing an error).15 F
5.472(.I)-.55 G 2.972(ti)-5.472 G 2.972(ss)-2.972 G .471
(till an error for the substitution)-2.972 F
(to be malformed, e.g., `echo [' still gi)148 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(sa).15 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(nostat)108 631.2 Q F0
(\(+\))2.5 E 3.55(Al)148 643.2 S 1.05
(ist of directories \(or glob-patterns which match directories; see)
-3.55 F F1 1.05(Filename substitution)3.55 F F0 3.55(\)t)C(hat)-3.55 E
117(should not be)148 655.2 R F2(stat)2.617 E F0 .117
(\(2\)ed during a completion operation.)B .116
(This is usually used to e)5.116 F .116(xclude directories)-.15 F
(which tak)148 667.2 Q 2.5(et)-.1 G(oo much time to)-2.5 E F2(stat)2.5 E
F0(\(2\), for e)A(xample)-.15 E F2(/afs)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(notify)108 684 Q
F0 .18(If set, the shell announces job completions asynchronously)15 F
5.18(.T)-.65 G .18(he def)-5.18 F .18(ault is to present job comple-)-.1
F(tions just before printing a prompt.)148 696 Q F1(oid)108 712.8 Q F0
9.36(\(+\) The)2.5 F(user')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G(eal or)-2.5 E -.05(ga)
-.18 G(nization ID.).05 E(\(Domain/OS only\))5 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q
2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(41)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ow)108 84 S(d).1 E F0 5.02(\(+\) The)2.5 F 1.236
(old w)3.736 F 1.236(orking directory)-.1 F 3.736(,e)-.65 G(qui)-3.736 E
-.25(va)-.25 G 1.235(lent to the `\255' used by).25 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(cd)3.735 E F0(and)3.735 E F2(pushd)3.735 E F0 6.235
(.S)C 1.235(ee also the)-6.235 F F1(cwd)3.735 E F0(and)3.735 E F1
(dirstack)148 96 Q F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1(path)108 112.8 Q
F0 2.723(Al)20.55 G .223(ist of directories in which to look for e)
-2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .223(cutable commands.).15 F 2.723(An)5.223 G
223(ull w)-2.723 F .224(ord speci\214es the current)-.1 F(directory)148
124.8 Q 5.551(.I)-.65 G 3.051(ft)-5.551 G .551(here is no)-3.051 F F1
(path)3.051 E F0 -.25(va)3.051 G .551
(riable then only full path names will e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute.).15
E F1(path)5.55 E F0 .55(is set by the)3.05 F 1.281
(shell at startup from the)148 136.8 R F1 -.74(PA)3.781 G(TH)-.21 E F0
(en)3.781 E 1.281(vironment v)-.4 F 1.281(ariable or)-.25 F 3.781(,i)-.4
G(f)-3.781 E F1 -.74(PA)3.781 G(TH)-.21 E F0 1.281(does not e)3.781 F
1.282(xist, to a system-)-.15 F .76(dependent def)148 148.8 R .76
(ault something lik)-.1 F 3.259(e`)-.1 G .759
(\(/usr/local/bin /usr/bsd /bin /usr/bin .\)'.)-3.259 F .759
(The shell may put `.)5.759 F(')-.7 E .815(\214rst or last in)148 160.8
R F1(path)3.315 E F0 .815(or omit it entirely depending on ho)3.315 F
3.316(wi)-.25 G 3.316(tw)-3.316 G .816(as compiled; see the)-3.416 F F1
-.1(ve)3.316 G(rsion).1 E F0(shell)3.316 E -.25(va)148 172.8 S 2.759
(riable. A).25 F .259(shell which is gi)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(nn)
15 G .258(either the)-2.759 F F1<ad63>2.758 E F0 .258(nor the)2.758 F
F1<ad74>2.758 E F0 .258(option hashes the contents of the direc-)2.758 F
083(tories in)148 184.8 R F1(path)2.583 E F0 .083(after reading)2.583 F
F2(~/.tcshr)2.583 E(c)-.37 E F0 .083(and each time)2.583 F F1(path)2.583
E F0 .083(is reset.)2.583 F .083(If one adds a ne)5.083 F 2.584(wc)-.25
G .084(ommand to a)-2.584 F(directory in)148 196.8 Q F1(path)2.5 E F0
(while the shell is acti)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,o).15 G
(ne may need to do a)-2.5 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(hash).37 E F0
(for the shell to \214nd it.)2.5 E F1(printexitv)108 213.6 Q(alue)-.1 E
F0(\(+\))2.5 E(If set and an interacti)148 225.6 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H
(rogram e).15 E(xits with a non-zero status, the shell prints `Exit)-.15
E F1(status)2.5 E F0('.)A F1(pr)108 242.4 Q(ompt)-.18 E F0 2.245(The st\
ring which is printed before reading each command from the terminal.)
7.96 F F1(pr)7.245 E(ompt)-.18 E F0(may)4.745 E .497(include an)148
254.4 R 2.997(yo)-.15 G 2.998(ft)-2.997 G .498(he follo)-2.998 F .498
(wing formatting sequences \(+\), which are replaced by the gi)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.998(ni).15 G(nforma-)-2.998 E(tion:)148 266.4 Q 6.39
(%/ The)148 283.2 R(current w)2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 5.84
(%~ The)148 295.2 R 1.046(current w)3.546 F 1.046(orking directory)-.1 F
3.546(,b)-.65 G 1.046(ut with one')-3.746 F 3.545(sh)-.55 G 1.045
(ome directory represented by `~' and other)-3.545 F .365
(users' home directories represented by `~user' as per)168 307.2 R F1
366(Filename substitution)2.866 F F0 5.366(.`)C .366(~user' substi-)
-5.366 F .111(tution happens only if the shell has already used `~)168
319.2 R F2(user)A F0 2.611('i)C 2.611(nap)-2.611 G .111
(athname in the current session.)-2.611 F(%c[[0])148 331.2 Q F2(n)A F0
(], %.[[0])A F2(n)A F0(])A .075(The trailing component of the current w)
168 343.2 R .075(orking directory)-.1 F 2.575(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.575 E F2(n)
2.575 E F0 .076(trailing components if a digit)2.575 F F2(n)2.576 E F0
544(is gi)168 355.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.044(n. If).15 F F2(n)3.044 E F0
(be)3.044 E .544(gins with `0', the number of skipped components preced\
e the trailing com-)-.15 F 1.865(ponent\(s\) in the format `/<)168 367.2
R F2(skipped)A F0 4.366(>trailing'. If)B(the)4.366 E F1(ellipsis)4.366 E
F0 1.866(shell v)4.366 F 1.866(ariable is set, skipped)-.25 F .194(comp\
onents are represented by an ellipsis so the whole becomes `...trailing\
'.)168 379.2 R .194(`~' substitution)5.194 F 1.022
(is done as in `%~' abo)168 391.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.522(,b).15 G 1.022
(ut the `~' component is ignored when counting trailing compo-)-3.722 F
(nents.)168 403.2 Q 2.5(%C Lik)148 415.2 R 2.5(e%)-.1 G(c, b)-2.5 E
(ut without `~' substitution.)-.2 E(%h, %!, !)148 427.2 Q
(The current history e)168 439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt number).15 E(.)-.55
E(%M)148 451.2 Q(The full hostname.)168 463.2 Q(%m)148 475.2 Q
(The hostname up to the \214rst `.)168 487.2 Q('.)-.7 E(%S \(%s\))148
499.2 Q(Start \(stop\) standout mode.)168 511.2 Q(%B \(%b\))148 523.2 Q
(Start \(stop\) boldf)168 535.2 Q(acing mode.)-.1 E(%U \(%u\))148 547.2
Q(Start \(stop\) underline mode.)168 559.2 Q(%t, %@)148 571.2 Q
(The time of day in 12-hour AM/PM format.)168 583.2 Q 3.06(%T Lik)148
595.2 R 2.5(e`)-.1 G(%t', b)-2.5 E(ut in 24-hour format \(b)-.2 E
(ut see the)-.2 E F1(ampm)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable\).)-.25 E 4.17
(%p The)148 607.2 R
(`precise' time of day in 12-hour AM/PM format, with seconds.)2.5 E 3.61
(%P Lik)148 619.2 R 2.5(e`)-.1 G(%p', b)-2.5 E(ut in 24-hour format \(b)
-.2 E(ut see the)-.2 E F1(ampm)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable\).)-.25 E
(\\)148 631.2 Q F2 12.78(cc)C F0(is parsed as in)-10.28 E F2(bindk)2.5 E
-.3(ey)-.1 G F0(.).3 E(^)148 643.2 Q F2 12.23(cc)C F0(is parsed as in)
-9.73 E F2(bindk)2.5 E -.3(ey)-.1 G F0(.).3 E(%%)148 655.2 Q 2.5(As)168
667.2 S(ingle `%'.)-2.5 E 4.17(%n The)148 679.2 R(user name.)2.5 E 4.17
(%d The)148 691.2 R(weekday in `Day' format.)2.5 E(%D)148 703.2 Q
(The day in `dd' format.)168 715.2 Q(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)
137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(42)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(%w)148 84 Q
(The month in `Mon' format.)168 96 Q(%W)148 108 Q
(The month in `mm' format.)168 120 Q 4.17(%y The)148 132 R
(year in `yy' format.)2.5 E(%Y)148 144 Q(The year in `yyyy' format.)168
156 Q 6.39(%l The)148 168 R(shell')2.5 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(ty)-2.5 E(.)-.65
E 3.06(%L Clears)148 180 R(from the end of the prompt to end of the dis\
play or the end of the line.)2.5 E 4.17(%$ Expands)148 192 R
(the shell or en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E
(ariable name immediately after the `$'.)-.25 E 4.17(%# `>')148 204 R
1.163(\(or the \214rst character of the)3.663 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(pr)3.663 E(omptchars)-.18 E F0 1.163(shell v)3.663 F 1.162
(ariable\) for normal users, `#' \(or the)-.25 F(second character of)168
216 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(omptchars)-.18 E F0 2.5(\)f)C(or the superuser)-2.5 E
(.)-.55 E(%{)148 228 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F0(%})A
(Includes)168 240 Q F2(string)4.472 E F0 1.973
(as a literal escape sequence.)4.472 F 1.973
(It should be used only to change terminal)6.973 F(attrib)168 252 Q
1.809(utes and should not mo)-.2 F 2.109 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.809
(he cursor location.).15 F 1.808(This cannot be the last sequence in)
6.809 F F1(pr)168 264 Q(ompt)-.18 E F0(.)A 4.73(%? The)148 276 R
(return code of the command e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted just before the prompt.).15 E 2.5(%R In)148 288 R F1(pr)3.105 E
(ompt2)-.18 E F0 3.105(,t)C .605(he status of the parser)-3.105 F 5.605
(.I)-.55 G(n)-5.605 E F1(pr)3.105 E(ompt3)-.18 E F0 3.105(,t)C .605
(he corrected string.)-3.105 F(In)5.606 E F1(history)3.106 E F0 3.106
(,t)C .606(he his-)-3.106 F(tory string.)168 300 Q .468
(`%B', `%S', `%U' and `%{)148 316.8 R F2(string)A F0 .468(%}' are a)B
-.25(va)-.2 G .468(ilable in only eight-bit-clean shells; see the).25 F
F1 -.1(ve)2.967 G(rsion).1 E F0(shell v)148 328.8 Q(ariable.)-.25 E .812
(The bold, standout and underline sequences are often used to distingui\
sh a superuser shell.)148 345.6 R -.15(Fo)5.813 G(r).15 E -.15(ex)148
357.6 S(ample,).15 E 2.5(>s)168 374.4 S
(et prompt = "%m [%h] %B[%@]%b [%/] you rang? ")-2.5 E(tut [37])168
386.4 Q F1([2:54pm])2.5 E F0([/usr/accts/sys] you rang? _)2.5 E 1.146
(If `%t', `%@', `%T', `%p', or `%P' is used, and)148 403.2 R F1(noding)
3.646 E F0 1.146(is not set, then print `DING!' on the)3.646 F
(change of hour \(i.e, `:00' minutes\) instead of the actual time.)148
415.2 Q(Set by def)148 432 Q(ault to `%# ' in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15
(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(pr)108 448.8 Q(ompt2)-.18 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E
1.179(The string with which to prompt in)148 460.8 R F2(while)3.679 E F0
(and)3.679 E F2(for)3.679 E(eac)-.37 E(h)-.15 E F0 1.18
(loops and after lines ending in `\\'.)3.679 F(The)6.18 E .232
(same format sequences may be used as in)148 472.8 R F1(pr)2.732 E(ompt)
-.18 E F0(\(q.v)2.732 E .232(.\); note the v)-.65 F .232
(ariable meaning of `%R'.)-.25 F(Set)5.231 E(by def)148 484.8 Q
(ault to `%R? ' in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1
(pr)108 501.6 Q(ompt3)-.18 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E .707(The string with which \
to prompt when con\214rming automatic spelling correction.)148 513.6 R
707(The same for)5.707 F(-)-.2 E 1.62(mat sequences may be used as in)
148 525.6 R F1(pr)4.12 E(ompt)-.18 E F0(\(q.v)4.12 E 1.62
(.\); note the v)-.65 F 1.62(ariable meaning of `%R'.)-.25 F 1.62
(Set by)6.62 F(def)148 537.6 Q
(ault to `CORRECT>%R \(y|n|e|a\)? ' in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25
H(hells.).15 E F1(pr)108 554.4 Q(omptchars)-.18 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E 1.137
(If set \(to a tw)148 566.4 R 1.137
(o-character string\), the `%#' formatting sequence in the)-.1 F F1(pr)
3.638 E(ompt)-.18 E F0 1.138(shell v)3.638 F 1.138(ariable is)-.25 F(re\
placed with the \214rst character for normal users and the second chara\
cter for the superuser)148 578.4 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pushdtohome)108 595.2 Q
F0(\(+\))2.5 E(If set,)148 607.2 Q F2(pushd)2.5 E F0(without ar)2.5 E
(guments does `pushd ~', lik)-.18 E(e)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(pushdsilent)108 624 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(If set,)148 636 Q F2(pushd)2.5 E
F0(and)2.5 E F2(popd)2.5 E F0(do not print the directory stack.)2.5 E F1
-.18(re)108 652.8 S(cexact).18 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(If set, completion completes on an e)148 664.8 Q(xact match e)-.15 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fal)-2.5 G(onger match is possible.)-2.5
E F1 -.18(re)108 681.6 S(cognize_only_executables).18 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(If set, command listing displays only \214les in the path that are e)
148 693.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(cutable. Slo).15 F -.65(w.)-.25 G
(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(43)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(rmstar)108 84 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(If set, the user is prompted before `rm *' is e)148 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted.).15 E F1 -.1(rp)108 112.8 S -.18(ro).1 G(mpt).18 E F0(\(+\))2.5
E 1.865(The string to print on the right-hand side of the screen \(afte\
r the command input\) when the)148 124.8 R .131
(prompt is being displayed on the left.)148 136.8 R .131
(It recognizes the same formatting characters as)5.131 F F1(pr)2.632 E
(ompt)-.18 E F0 5.132(.I)C(t)-5.132 E 2.441
(will automatically disappear and reappear as necessary)148 148.8 R
4.941(,t)-.65 G 4.941(oe)-4.941 G 2.441(nsure that command input isn')
-4.941 F(t)-.18 E .839(obscured, and will appear only if the prompt, co\
mmand input, and itself will \214t together on the)148 160.8 R .116
(\214rst line.)148 172.8 R(If)5.116 E F1(edit)2.616 E F0(isn')2.616 E
2.616(ts)-.18 G .115(et, then)-2.616 F F1 -.1(rp)2.615 G -.18(ro).1 G
(mpt).18 E F0 .115
(will be printed after the prompt and before the command)2.615 F(input.)
148 184.8 Q F1(sa)108 201.6 Q -.1(ve)-.25 G(dirs).1 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E
1.102(If set, the shell does `dirs \255S' before e)148 213.6 R 3.602
(xiting. If)-.15 F 1.103(the \214rst w)3.602 F 1.103
(ord is set to a number)-.1 F 3.603(,a)-.4 G 3.603(tm)-3.603 G 1.103
(ost that)-3.603 F(man)148 225.6 Q 2.5(yd)-.15 G
(irectory stack entries are sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E F1(sa)108
242.4 Q -.1(ve)-.25 G(hist).1 E F0 .464
(If set, the shell does `history \255S' before e)6.46 F 2.964
(xiting. If)-.15 F .463(the \214rst w)2.964 F .463
(ord is set to a number)-.1 F 2.963(,a)-.4 G 2.963(tm)-2.963 G .463
(ost that)-2.963 F(man)148 254.4 Q 2.833(yl)-.15 G .333(ines are sa)
-2.833 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.833(d. \(The).15 F .333
(number must be less than or equal to)2.833 F F1(history)2.834 E F0
2.834(.\) If)B .334(the second w)2.834 F .334(ord is)-.1 F .999
(set to `mer)148 266.4 R .999(ge', the history list is mer)-.18 F .999
(ged with the e)-.18 F .999
(xisting history \214le instead of replacing it \(if)-.15 F
(there is one\) and sorted by time stamp and the most recent e)148 278.4
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are retained.).15 E(\(+\))5 E F1(sched)108 295.2 Q
F0(\(+\))2.5 E 3.92(The format in which the)148 307.2 R/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(sc)6.42 E(hed)-.15 E F0 -.2(bu)6.42 G 3.92
(iltin command prints scheduled e).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.92
(nts; if not gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E 1.649
(`%h\\t%T\\t%R\\n' is used.)148 319.2 R 1.648
(The format sequences are described abo)6.649 F 1.948 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
(nder).15 E F1(pr)4.148 E(ompt)-.18 E F0 4.148(;n)C 1.648(ote the)-4.148
F -.25(va)148 331.2 S(riable meaning of `%R'.).25 E F1(shell)108 348 Q
F0 1.234(The \214le in which the shell resides.)20.55 F 1.235
(This is used in forking shells to interpret \214les which ha)6.235 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G -.15(exe)148 360 S .369(cute bits set, b).15 F .368
(ut which are not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .368(cutable by the system.).15
F .368(\(See the description of)5.368 F F1 .368(Builtin and)2.868 F
(non-b)148 372 Q(uiltin command execution)-.2 E F0 2.5(.\) Initialized)B
(to the \(system-dependent\) home of the shell.)2.5 E F1(shlvl)108 388.8
Q F0 2.69(\(+\) The)2.5 F(number of nested shells.)2.5 E
(Reset to 1 in login shells.)5 E(See also)5 E F1(loginsh)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(status)108 405.6 Q F0 .602(The status returned by the last command.)15
F .603(If it terminated abnormally)5.602 F 3.103(,t)-.65 G .603
(hen 0200 is added to the)-3.103 F 2.975(status. Builtin)148 417.6 R
475(commands which f)2.975 F .474(ail return e)-.1 F .474
(xit status `1', all other b)-.15 F .474(uiltin commands return sta-)-.2
F(tus `0'.)148 429.6 Q F1(symlinks)108 446.4 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(Can be set to se)148 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral dif).15 E(ferent v)-.25
E(alues to control symbolic link \(`symlink'\) resolution:)-.25 E .036
(If set to `chase', whene)148 475.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.536(rt).15 G .037
(he current directory changes to a directory containing a symbolic link\
,)-2.536 F .545(it is e)148 487.2 R .545
(xpanded to the real name of the directory to which the link points.)
-.15 F .544(This does not w)5.544 F .544(ork for)-.1 F(the user')148
499.2 Q 2.5(sh)-.55 G(ome directory; this is a b)-2.5 E(ug.)-.2 E 1.006
(If set to `ignore', the shell tries to construct a current directory r\
elati)148 516 R 1.307 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.507(ot).15 G 1.007
(he current directory)-3.507 F .942(before the link w)148 528 R .942
(as crossed.)-.1 F .942(This means that)5.942 F F2(cd)3.442 E F0 .942
(ing through a symbolic link and then `cd ..)B('ing)-.7 E .99
(returns one to the original directory)148 540 R 5.99(.T)-.65 G .99
(his af)-5.99 F .99(fects only b)-.25 F .99
(uiltin commands and \214lename comple-)-.2 F(tion.)148 552 Q 1.279
(If set to `e)148 568.8 R 1.279
(xpand', the shell tries to \214x symbolic links by actually e)-.15 F
1.278(xpanding ar)-.15 F 1.278(guments which)-.18 F .756(look lik)148
580.8 R 3.256(ep)-.1 G .756(ath names.)-3.256 F .756(This af)5.756 F
756(fects an)-.25 F 3.256(yc)-.15 G .757(ommand, not just b)-3.256 F
3.257(uiltins. Unfortunately)-.2 F 3.257(,t)-.65 G .757(his does not)
-3.257 F -.1(wo)148 592.8 S .702(rk for hard-to-recognize \214lenames, \
such as those embedded in command options.).1 F(Expansion)5.701 E .641
(may be pre)148 604.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .641(nted by quoting.).15 F .641
(While this setting is usually the most con)5.641 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .642
(nient, it is sometimes).15 F 1.568
(misleading and sometimes confusing when it f)148 616.8 R 1.568
(ails to recognize an ar)-.1 F 1.567(gument which should be)-.18 F -.15
(ex)148 628.8 S 3.075(panded. A).15 F .575
(compromise is to use `ignore' and use the editor command)3.075 F F2
(normalize-path)3.076 E F0(\(bound)3.076 E(by def)148 640.8 Q
(ault to ^X-n\) when necessary)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(Some e)148 657.6 Q
(xamples are in order)-.15 E 5(.F)-.55 G(irst, let')-5 E 2.5(ss)-.55 G
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715.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(he beha)-2.5 E(vior with)-.2 E F1(symlinks)2.5 E
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165.6 Q 2.5(>c)168 177.6 S 2.5(d.)-2.5 G(.; echo $cwd)-2.5 E(/tmp/from)
168 189.6 Q(here')148 206.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(he beha)-2.5 E(vior with)-.2
E F1(symlinks)2.5 E F0(set to `ignore',)2.5 E 2.5(>c)168 223.2 S 2.5(d/)
-2.5 G(tmp/to/dst; echo $cwd)-2.5 E(/tmp/to/dst)168 235.2 Q 2.5(>c)168
247.2 S 2.5(d.)-2.5 G(.; echo $cwd)-2.5 E(/tmp/to)168 259.2 Q(and here')
148 276 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(he beha)-2.5 E(vior with)-.2 E F1(symlinks)2.5 E
F0(set to `e)2.5 E(xpand'.)-.15 E 2.5(>c)168 292.8 S 2.5(d/)-2.5 G
(tmp/to/dst; echo $cwd)-2.5 E(/tmp/to/dst)168 304.8 Q 2.5(>c)168 316.8 S
2.5(d.)-2.5 G(.; echo $cwd)-2.5 E(/tmp/to)168 328.8 Q 2.5(>c)168 340.8 S
2.5(d/)-2.5 G(tmp/to/dst; echo $cwd)-2.5 E(/tmp/to/dst)168 352.8 Q 2.5
(>c)168 364.8 S 2.5(d")-2.5 G(.."; echo $cwd)-2.5 E(/tmp/from)168 376.8
Q 2.5(>/)168 388.8 S(bin/echo ..)-2.5 E(/tmp/to)168 400.8 Q 2.5(>/)168
412.8 S(bin/echo "..")-2.5 E(..)168 424.8 Q .95(Note that `e)148 441.6 R
95(xpand' e)-.15 F .95(xpansion 1\) w)-.15 F .95(orks just lik)-.1 F
3.45(e`)-.1 G .95(ignore' for b)-3.45 F .95(uiltins lik)-.2 F(e)-.1 E/F2
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cd)3.45 E F0 3.45(,2)C 3.45(\)i)-3.45 G 3.45(sp)
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(quoting, and 3\) happens before \214lenames are passed to non-b)148
453.6 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E F1(tcsh)108 470.4 Q F0 5.48(\(+\) The)2.5
F -.15(ve)2.813 G .314(rsion number of the shell in the format `R.VV).15
F .314(.PP', where `R' is the major release number)-1.29 F(,)-.4 E
(`VV' the current v)148 482.4 Q(ersion and `PP' the patchle)-.15 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1(term)108 499.2 Q F0(The terminal type.)19.46 E
(Usually set in)5 E F2(~/.lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1 E F0(as described under)2.5 E
F1(Startup and shutdo)2.5 E(wn)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(time)108 516 Q F0 .612
(If set to a number)21.12 F 3.112(,t)-.4 G .612(hen the)-3.112 F F2
(time)3.112 E F0 -.2(bu)3.112 G .612(iltin \(q.v).2 F .612(.\) e)-.65 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .612(cutes automatically after each command which).15 F
(tak)148 528 Q .623(es more than that man)-.1 F 3.123(yC)-.15 G .623
(PU seconds.)-3.123 F .624(If there is a second w)5.624 F .624
(ord, it is used as a format string)-.1 F(for the output of the)148 540
Q F2(time)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G 2.5(iltin. \(u\)).2 F(The follo)2.5 E
(wing sequences may be used in the format string:)-.25 E(%U)148 556.8 Q
(The time the process spent in user mode in cpu seconds.)168 568.8 Q
3.61(%S The)148 580.8 R(time the process spent in k)2.5 E
(ernel mode in cpu seconds.)-.1 E 3.06(%E The)148 592.8 R(elapsed \(w)
2.5 E(all clock\) time in seconds.)-.1 E 3.61(%P The)148 604.8 R
(CPU percentage computed as \(%U + %S\) / %E.)2.5 E(%W)148 616.8 Q
(Number of times the process w)168 628.8 Q(as sw)-.1 E(apped.)-.1 E(%X)
148 640.8 Q(The a)168 652.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G
(rage amount in \(shared\) te).15 E(xt space used in Kbytes.)-.15 E(%D)
148 664.8 Q(The a)168 676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G
(rage amount in \(unshared\) data/stack space used in Kbytes.).15 E(%K)
148 688.8 Q(The total space used \(%X + %D\) in Kbytes.)168 700.8 Q
(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(45)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(%M)148 84 Q
(The maximum memory the process had in use at an)168 96 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G
(ime in Kbytes.)-2.5 E 3.61(%F The)148 108 R(number of major page f)2.5
E(aults \(page needed to be brought from disk\).)-.1 E 2.5(%R The)148
120 R(number of minor page f)2.5 E(aults.)-.1 E 5.84(%I The)148 132 R
(number of input operations.)2.5 E(%O)148 144 Q
(The number of output operations.)168 156 Q 5.84(%r The)148 168 R
(number of sock)2.5 E(et messages recei)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(d.).15 E
5.28(%s The)148 180 R(number of sock)2.5 E(et messages sent.)-.1 E 4.17
(%k The)148 192 R(number of signals recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(d.).15 E
(%w)148 204 Q(The number of v)168 216 Q(oluntary conte)-.2 E
(xt switches \(w)-.15 E(aits\).)-.1 E 4.73(%c The)148 228 R
(number of in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(luntary conte).2 E(xt switches.)-.15 E
1.438(Only the \214rst four sequences are supported on systems without \
BSD resource limit functions.)148 244.8 R 1.023(The def)148 256.8 R
1.023(ault time format is `%Uu %Ss %E %P %X+%Dk %I+%Oio %Fpf+%Ww' for s\
ystems)-.1 F(that support resource usage reporting and `%Uu %Ss %E %P' \
for systems that do not.)148 268.8 Q .087(Under Sequent')148 285.6 R
2.587(sD)-.55 G .087(YNIX/ptx, %X, %D, %K, %r and %s are not a)-3.137 F
-.25(va)-.2 G .086(ilable, b).25 F .086(ut the follo)-.2 F .086
(wing addi-)-.25 F(tional sequences are:)148 297.6 Q(%Y)148 314.4 Q
(The number of system calls performed.)168 326.4 Q 3.06(%Z The)148 338.4
R(number of pages which are zero-\214lled on demand.)2.5 E 6.39(%i The)
148 350.4 R(number of times a process')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G
(esident set size w)-2.5 E(as increased by the k)-.1 E(ernel.)-.1 E 4.17
(%d The)148 362.4 R(number of times a process')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G
(esident set size w)-2.5 E(as decreased by the k)-.1 E(ernel.)-.1 E 6.39
(%l The)148 374.4 R(number of read system calls performed.)2.5 E(%m)148
386.4 Q(The number of write system calls performed.)168 398.4 Q 4.17
(%p The)148 410.4 R(number of reads from ra)2.5 E 2.5(wd)-.15 G(isk de)
-2.5 E(vices.)-.25 E 4.17(%q The)148 422.4 R(number of writes to ra)2.5
E 2.5(wd)-.15 G(isk de)-2.5 E(vices.)-.25 E .965(and the def)148 439.2 R
965(ault time format is `%Uu %Ss $E %P %I+%Oio %Fpf+%Ww'.)-.1 F .966
(Note that the CPU)5.966 F
(percentage can be higher than 100% on multi-processors.)148 451.2 Q/F1
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(tperiod)108 468 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(The period, in minutes, between e)148 480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutions of the).15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(periodic)2.5 E F0
(special alias.)2.5 E F1(tty)108 496.8 Q F0 11.04(\(+\) The)2.5 F
(name of the tty)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G
(mpty if not attached to one.)-2.5 E F1(uid)108 513.6 Q F0 8.8
(\(+\) The)2.5 F(user')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G(eal user ID.)-2.5 E F1(user)
108 530.4 Q F0(The user')21.67 E 2.5(sl)-.55 G(ogin name.)-2.5 E F1 -.1
(ve)108 547.2 S(rbose).1 E F0 .283(If set, causes the w)7.33 F .283
(ords of each command to be printed, after history substitution \(if an)
-.1 F 2.783(y\). Set)-.15 F(by)2.782 E(the)148 559.2 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0
(command line option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)108 576 S(rsion).1 E F0(\(+\))2.5
E .205(The v)148 588 R .205(ersion ID stamp.)-.15 F .205
(It contains the shell')5.205 F 2.705(sv)-.55 G .205
(ersion number \(see)-2.855 F F1(tcsh)2.706 E F0 .206
(\), origin, release date, v)B(en-)-.15 E(dor)148 600 Q 2.797(,o)-.4 G
297(perating system and machine \(see)-2.797 F F1(VENDOR)2.797 E F0(,)A
F1(OSTYPE)2.797 E F0(and)2.797 E F1(MA)2.796 E(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 2.796
(\)a)C .296(nd a comma-)-2.796 F .437
(separated list of options which were set at compile time.)148 612 R
437(Options which are set by def)5.437 F .437(ault in the)-.1 F
(distrib)148 624 Q(ution are noted.)-.2 E 7.5(8b The)148 640.8 R
(shell is eight bit clean; def)2.5 E(ault)-.1 E 7.5(7b The)148 652.8 R
(shell is not eight bit clean)2.5 E 5.83(nls The)148 664.8 R(system')2.5
E 2.5(sN)-.55 G(LS is used; def)-2.5 E(ault for systems with NLS)-.1 E
11.39(lf Login)148 676.8 R .925(shells e)3.425 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15
E F2(/etc/csh.lo)3.425 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .925(before instead of after)3.425
F F2(/etc/csh.cshr)3.424 E(c)-.37 E F0(and)3.424 E F2(~/.lo)3.424 E(gin)
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(c)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(~/.history)2.5 E F0(.)A 9.72(dl `.)148 700.8 R
2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(ut last in)-2.5 E F1(path)2.5 E F0
(for security; def)2.5 E(ault)-.1 E 7.5(nd `.)148 712.8 R 2.5('i)-.7 G
2.5(so)-2.5 G(mitted from)-2.5 E F1(path)2.5 E F0(for security)2.5 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R(vi)148 84 Q
/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(vi)12.22 E F0(-style editing is the def)A
(ault rather than)-.1 E F1(emacs)2.5 E F0 6.39(dtr Login)148 96 R
(shells drop DTR when e)2.5 E(xiting)-.15 E(bye)148 108 Q F1(bye)5.56 E
F0(is a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(lo)2.5 E(gout)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1
(lo)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(is an alternate name for)2.5 E F1(watc)2.5 E(hlo)
-.15 E(g)-.1 E F0(al)148 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(autologout)12.78 E
F0(is enabled; def)2.5 E(ault)-.1 E 3.06(kan Kanji)148 132 R .461
(is used if appropriate according to locale settings, unless the)2.96 F
F2(nokanji)2.961 E F0 .461(shell v)2.961 F .461(ariable is)-.25 F(set)
168 144 Q 5.83(sm The)148 156 R(system')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(malloc)2.5 E
F0(\(3\) is used)A 7.5(hb The)148 168 R(`#!<program> <ar)2.5 E(gs>' con)
-.18 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(ntion is emulated when e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting shell scripts).15 E 7.5(ng The)148 180 R F1(ne)2.5 E(wgrp)-.15 E
F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin is a).2 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable).25 E 9.17(rh The)
148 192 R(shell attempts to set the)2.5 E F2(REMO)2.5 E(TEHOST)-.4 E F0
(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable)-.25 E 5.84(afs The)148 204 R .868
(shell v)3.368 F .868(eri\214es your passw)-.15 F .868(ord with the k)
-.1 F .868(erberos serv)-.1 F .867(er if local authentication f)-.15 F
3.367(ails. The)-.1 F F2(afsuser)168 216 Q F0 .524(shell v)3.024 F .524
(ariable or the)-.25 F F2(AFSUSER)3.024 E F0(en)3.025 E .525
(vironment v)-.4 F .525(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .525
(rride your local username).15 F(if set.)168 228 Q
(An administrator may enter additional strings to indicate dif)148 244.8
Q(ferences in the local v)-.25 E(ersion.)-.15 E F2(visiblebell)108 261.6
Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(If set, a screen \215ash is used rather than the audible bell.)148
273.6 Q(See also)5 E F2(nobeep)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(watch)108 290.4 Q F0
(\(+\))2.5 E 3.06(Al)148 302.4 S .56(ist of user/terminal pairs to w)
-3.06 F .56(atch for logins and logouts.)-.1 F .56
(If either the user is `an)5.56 F .56(y' all termi-)-.15 F .136
(nals are w)148 314.4 R .136(atched for the gi)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.636(nu).15 G .136(ser and vice v)-2.636 F 2.637(ersa. Setting)-.15 F
F2(watch)2.637 E F0 .137(to `\(an)2.637 F 2.637(ya)-.15 G -.15(ny)-2.637
G .137(\)' w).15 F .137(atches all users)-.1 F(and terminals.)148 326.4
Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample,)-2.65 E(set w)168 343.2 Q
(atch = \(geor)-.1 E(ge ttyd1 an)-.18 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(onsole $user an)
-2.5 E(y\))-.15 E 1.448(reports acti)148 360 R 1.448
(vity of the user `geor)-.25 F 1.448(ge' on ttyd1, an)-.18 F 3.948(yu)
-.15 G 1.447(ser on the console, and oneself \(or a tres-)-3.948 F
(passer\) on an)148 372 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminal.)-2.5 E .664
(Logins and logouts are check)148 388.8 R .664(ed e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
665(ry 10 minutes by def).15 F .665(ault, b)-.1 F .665
(ut the \214rst w)-.2 F .665(ord of)-.1 F F2(watch)3.165 E F0 .665
(can be)3.165 F(set to a number to check e)148 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry so man).15 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G 2.5(inutes. F)-2.5 F(or e)-.15 E(xample,)
-.15 E(set w)168 417.6 Q(atch = \(1 an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.15(ny)-2.5
G(\)).15 E .078(reports an)148 434.4 R 2.578(yl)-.15 G .077
(ogin/logout once e)-2.578 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .077(ry minute.).15 F -.15
(Fo)5.077 G 2.577(rt).15 G .077(he impatient, the)-2.577 F F1(lo)2.577 E
(g)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G .077(iltin command triggers a).2 F F2(watch)
148 446.4 Q F0 .425(report at an)2.925 F 2.925(yt)-.15 G 2.925(ime. All)
-2.925 F .425(current logins are reported \(as with the)2.925 F F1(lo)
2.926 E(g)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)2.926 G .426(iltin\) when).2 F F2(watch)2.926
E F0(is)2.926 E(\214rst set.)148 458.4 Q(The)148 475.2 Q F2(who)2.5 E F0
(shell v)2.5 E(ariable controls the format of)-.25 E F2(watch)2.5 E F0
(reports.)2.5 E F2(who)108 492 Q F0 4.92(\(+\) The)2.5 F .33
(format string for)2.83 F F2(watch)2.83 E F0 2.829(messages. The)2.829 F
(follo)2.829 E .329(wing sequences are replaced by the gi)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.829(ni).15 G(nfor)-2.829 E(-)-.2 E(mation:)148 504 Q 4.17
(%n The)148 520.8 R(name of the user who logged in/out.)2.5 E 4.73
(%a The)148 532.8 R(observ)2.5 E
(ed action, i.e., `logged on', `logged of)-.15 E -1.1 .55(f' o)-.25 H
2.5(r`)-.55 G(replaced)-2.5 E F1(olduser)2.5 E F0(on'.)2.5 E 6.39
(%l The)148 544.8 R(terminal \(tty\) on which the user logged in/out.)
2.5 E(%M)148 556.8 Q
(The full hostname of the remote host, or `local' if the login/logout w)
168 568.8 Q(as from the local host.)-.1 E(%m)148 580.8 Q 1.067
(The hostname of the remote host up to the \214rst `.)168 592.8 R 3.567
('. The)-.7 F 1.067(full name is printed if it is an IP)3.567 F
(address or an X W)168 604.8 Q(indo)-.4 E 2.5(wS)-.25 G(ystem display)
-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .244(%M and %m are a)148 621.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .243
(ilable on only systems that store the remote hostname in).25 F F1
(/etc/utmp)2.743 E F0 5.243(.I)C 2.743(fu)-5.243 G(nset,)-2.743 E .455
(`%n has %a %l from %m.)148 633.6 R 2.955('i)-.7 G 2.955(su)-2.955 G
455(sed, or `%n has %a %l.)-2.955 F 2.955('o)-.7 G 2.955(ns)-2.955 G
456(ystems which don')-2.955 F 2.956(ts)-.18 G .456(tore the remote)
-2.956 F(hostname.)148 645.6 Q F2 -.1(wo)108 662.4 S(rdchars).1 E F0
(\(+\))2.5 E 2.634(Al)148 674.4 S .134
(ist of non-alphanumeric characters to be considered part of a w)-2.634
F .134(ord by the)-.1 F F1(forwar)2.634 E(d-wor)-.37 E(d)-.37 E F0(,)A
F1(bac)2.634 E(k-)-.2 E(war)148 686.4 Q(d-wor)-.37 E(d)-.37 E F0
(etc., editor commands.)2.5 E(If unset, `*?_\255.[]~=' is used.)5 E/F3
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 703.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(Astron 6.11.00)
72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(47)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(AFSUSER)108 84 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Equi)148 96 Q -.25(va)
-.25 G(lent to the).25 E F1(afsuser)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25
E F1(COLUMNS)108 112.8 Q F0(The number of columns in the terminal.)148
124.8 Q(See)5 E F1 -.92(Te)2.5 G(rminal management).92 E F0(.)A F1
(DISPLA)108 141.6 Q(Y)-1 E F0(Used by X W)148 153.6 Q(indo)-.4 E 2.5(wS)
-.25 G(ystem \(see)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(X)2.5 E F0 2.5
(\(1\)\). If)B(set, the shell does not set)2.5 E F1(autologout)2.5 E F0
(\(q.v)2.5 E(.\).)-.65 E F1(EDIT)108 170.4 Q(OR)-.18 E F0 .164
(The pathname to a def)148 182.4 R .164(ault editor)-.1 F 5.164(.S)-.55
G .164(ee also the)-5.164 F F1(VISU)2.664 E(AL)-.6 E F0(en)2.664 E .165
(vironment v)-.4 F .165(ariable and the)-.25 F F2(run-fg-edi-)2.665 E
(tor)148 194.4 Q F0(editor command.)2.5 E F1(GR)108 211.2 Q(OUP)-.3 E F0
(\(+\))2.5 E(Equi)148 223.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to the).25 E F1(gr)2.5
E(oup)-.18 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(HOME)108 240 Q F0(Equi)
8.33 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to the).25 E F1(home)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E
(ariable.)-.25 E F1(HOST)108 256.8 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .649(Initialized to\
the name of the machine on which the shell is running, as determined b\
y the)148 268.8 R F2 -.1(ge)3.149 G(th-).1 E(ostname)148 280.8 Q F0
(\(2\) system call.)A F1(HOSTTYPE)108 297.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .822(Initi\
alized to the type of machine on which the shell is running, as determi\
ned at compile time.)148 309.6 R(This v)148 321.6 Q
(ariable is obsolete and will be remo)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 G
2.5(naf)-2.5 G(uture v)-2.5 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1(HP)108 338.4 Q -.95(AT)
-.74 G(H).95 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E 3.407(Ac)148 350.4 S .906
(olon-separated list of directories in which the)-3.407 F F2(run-help)
3.406 E F0 .906(editor command looks for command)3.406 F(documentation.)
148 362.4 Q F1(LANG)108 379.2 Q F0(Gi)11.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(st).15
G(he preferred character en)-2.5 E 2.5(vironment. See)-.4 F F1(Nati)2.5
E .2 -.1(ve L)-.1 H(anguage System support).1 E F0(.)A F1(LC_CTYPE)108
396 Q F0(If set, only ctype character handling is changed.)148 408 Q
(See)5 E F1(Nati)2.5 E .2 -.1(ve L)-.1 H(anguage System support).1 E F0
(.)A F1(LINES)108 424.8 Q F0(The number of lines in the terminal.)9.99 E
(See)5 E F1 -.92(Te)2.5 G(rminal management).92 E F0(.)A F1(LS_COLORS)
108 441.6 Q F0 .396(The format of this v)148 453.6 R .396
(ariable is reminiscent of the)-.25 F F1(termcap\(5\))2.896 E F0 .396
(\214le format; a colon-separated list of)2.896 F -.15(ex)148 465.6 S
454(pressions of the form ").15 F F2(xx=string)A F0 .454(", where ")B
F2(xx)A F0 2.954("i)C 2.954(sat)-2.954 G -.1(wo)-2.954 G .454
(-character v).1 F .454(ariable name.)-.25 F .453(The v)5.453 F
(ariables)-.25 E(with their associated def)148 477.6 Q(aults are:)-.1 E
23.5(no 0)168 494.4 R(Normal \(non-\214lename\) te)19 E(xt)-.15 E 30.44
<8c30>168 506.4 S(Re)-11.44 E(gular \214le)-.15 E 25.72(di 01;34)168
518.4 R(Directory)228 530.4 Q 25.72(ln 01;36)168 542.4 R(Symbolic link)
228 554.4 Q 25.72(pi 33)168 566.4 R(Named pipe \(FIFO\))14 E 24.61
(so 01;35)168 578.4 R(Sock)228 590.4 Q(et)-.1 E 23.5(bd 01;33)168 602.4
R(Block de)228 614.4 Q(vice)-.25 E 24.06(cd 01;32)168 626.4 R
(Character de)228 638.4 Q(vice)-.25 E 24.51 -.15(ex 0)168 650.4 T(1;32)
15 E(Ex)228 662.4 Q(ecutable \214le)-.15 E 22.94(mi \(none\))168 674.4
R(Missing \214le \(def)228 686.4 Q(aults to \214\))-.1 E 25.17
(or \(none\))168 698.4 R(Orphaned symbolic link \(def)228 710.4 Q
(aults to ln\))-.1 E(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R 26.28(lc ^[[)
168 84 R(Left code)14.01 E 25.73(rc m)168 96 R(Right code)16.22 E 24.62
(ec \(none\))168 108 R(End code \(replaces lc+no+rc\))228 120 Q -1.1(Yo)
148 136.8 S 2.5(un)1.1 G(eed to include only the v)-2.5 E
(ariables you w)-.25 E(ant to change from the def)-.1 E(ault.)-.1 E .275
(File names can also be colorized based on \214lename e)148 153.6 R
2.775(xtension. This)-.15 F .276(is speci\214ed in the)2.776 F/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(LS_COL-)2.776 E(ORS)148 165.6 Q F0 -.25(va)3.112 G .612
(riable using the syntax).25 F F1("*ext=string")3.112 E F0 5.612(.F)C
611(or e)-5.762 F .611(xample, using ISO 6429 codes, to color all)-.15
F .116(C\255language source \214les blue you w)148 177.6 R .116
(ould specify)-.1 F F1("*.c=34")2.616 E F0 5.116(.T)C .116(his w)-5.116
F .116(ould color all \214les ending in)-.1 F F1(.c)2.616 E F0
(in blue \(34\) color)148 189.6 Q(.)-.55 E .799(Control characters can \
be written either in C\255style\255escaped notation, or in stty\255lik)
148 206.4 R 3.299(e^)-.1 G(\255notation.)-3.299 E 1.27
(The C\255style notation adds)148 218.4 R F1(^[)3.77 E .4 LW 326.39
220.9 321.39 220.9 DL F0 1.27(for Escape,)271.37 218.4 R 1.27
(for a normal space character)12.54 F 3.77(,a)-.4 G(nd)-3.77 E F1(?)3.77
E F0 1.27(for Delete.)3.77 F(In)6.27 E .225(addition, the)148 230.4 R F1
(^[)2.725 E F0 .225(escape character can be used to o)2.725 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G .224(rride the def).15 F .224(ault interpretation of)-.1 F F1(^[)
2.724 E F0(,)A F1(^)2.724 E F0(,)A F1(:)2.724 E F0(and)2.724 E F1(=)
2.724 E F0(.)A .195(Each \214le will be written as)148 247.2 R F1 .195
(<lc> <color)2.695 F .195(-code> <r)-.37 F .195(c> <\214lename> <ec>)
-.18 F F0 5.195(.I)C 2.695(ft)-5.195 G(he)-2.695 E F1(<ec>)2.695 E F0
195(code is unde-)2.695 F .832(\214ned, the sequence)148 259.2 R F1
832(<lc> <no> <r)3.332 F(c>)-.18 E F0 .831(will be used instead.)3.331
F .831(This is generally more con)5.831 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .831(nient to)
15 F .596(use, b)148 271.2 R .596(ut less general.)-.2 F .596
(The left, right and end codes are pro)5.596 F .596(vided so you don')
-.15 F 3.096(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.096 H .597(to type com-)3.296 F
1.35(mon parts o)148 283.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.85(ra).15 G 1.35(nd o)
-3.85 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.85(ra).15 G -.05(ga)-3.85 G 1.349
(in and to support weird terminals; you will generally not need to).05 F
1.06(change them at all unless your terminal does not use ISO 6429 colo\
r sequences b)148 295.2 R 1.06(ut a dif)-.2 F(ferent)-.25 E(system.)148
307.2 Q .409(If your terminal does use ISO 6429 color codes, you can co\
mpose the type codes \(i.e., all e)148 324 R(xcept)-.15 E(the)148 336 Q
F1(lc)2.78 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(rc)2.78 G F0 2.78(,a).18 G(nd)-2.78 E F1(ec)
2.78 E F0 .28(codes\) from numerical commands separated by semicolons.)
2.78 F .28(The most common)5.28 F(commands are:)148 348 Q 15(0t)188
364.8 S 2.5(or)-15 G(estore def)-2.5 E(ault color)-.1 E 15(1f)188 376.8
S(or brighter colors)-15 E 15(4f)188 388.8 S(or underlined te)-15 E(xt)
-.15 E 15(5f)188 400.8 S(or \215ashing te)-15 E(xt)-.15 E 7.5(30 for)188
412.8 R(black fore)2.5 E(ground)-.15 E 7.5(31 for)188 424.8 R(red fore)
2.5 E(ground)-.15 E 7.5(32 for)188 436.8 R(green fore)2.5 E(ground)-.15
E 7.5(33 for)188 448.8 R(yello)2.5 E 2.5(w\()-.25 G(or bro)-2.5 E
(wn\) fore)-.25 E(ground)-.15 E 7.5(34 for)188 460.8 R(blue fore)2.5 E
(ground)-.15 E 7.5(35 for)188 472.8 R(purple fore)2.5 E(ground)-.15 E
7.5(36 for)188 484.8 R -.15(cy)2.5 G(an fore).15 E(ground)-.15 E 7.5
(37 for)188 496.8 R(white \(or gray\) fore)2.5 E(ground)-.15 E 7.5
(40 for)188 508.8 R(black background)2.5 E 7.5(41 for)188 520.8 R
(red background)2.5 E 7.5(42 for)188 532.8 R(green background)2.5 E 7.5
(43 for)188 544.8 R(yello)2.5 E 2.5(w\()-.25 G(or bro)-2.5 E
(wn\) background)-.25 E 7.5(44 for)188 556.8 R(blue background)2.5 E 7.5
(45 for)188 568.8 R(purple background)2.5 E 7.5(46 for)188 580.8 R -.15
(cy)2.5 G(an background).15 E 7.5(47 for)188 592.8 R
(white \(or gray\) background)2.5 E(Not all commands will w)148 609.6 Q
(ork on all systems or display de)-.1 E(vices.)-.25 E 2.564(Af)148 626.4
S .564 -.25(ew t)-2.564 H .064
(erminal programs do not recognize the def).25 F .064
(ault end code properly)-.1 F 5.064(.I)-.65 G 2.563(fa)-5.064 G .063
(ll te)-2.563 F .063(xt gets colorized)-.15 F .05
(after you do a directory listing, try changing the)148 638.4 R F1(no)
2.55 E F0(and)2.55 E F1<8c>2.55 E F0 .05
(codes from 0 to the numerical codes for)2.55 F
(your standard fore- and background colors.)148 650.4 Q F1(MA)108 667.2
Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(The machine type \(microprocessor class \
or machine model\), as determined at compile time.)148 679.2 Q F1
(NOREBIND)108 696 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E .907
(If set, printable characters are not rebound to)148 708 R/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(self-insert-command)3.407 E F0 5.906(.S)C(ee)-5.906 E
F1(Nati)3.406 E 1.106 -.1(ve L)-.1 H .906(anguage Sys-).1 F(tem support)
148 720 Q F0(.)A(Astron 6.11.00)72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E
(The operating system, as determined at compile time.)148 96 Q F1 -.74
(PA)108 112.8 S(TH)-.21 E F0 3.973(Ac)13.91 G 1.473
(olon-separated list of directories in which to look for e)-3.973 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 3.974(cutables. Equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.474(lent to the)
25 F F1(path)3.974 E F0(shell v)148 124.8 Q(ariable, b)-.25 E
(ut in a dif)-.2 E(ferent format.)-.25 E F1(PWD)108 141.6 Q F0(\(+\))2.5
E(Equi)148 153.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 1.682(lent to the).25 F F1(cwd)4.182 E
F0 1.682(shell v)4.182 F 1.681(ariable, b)-.25 F 1.681
(ut not synchronized to it; updated only after an actual)-.2 F
(directory change.)148 165.6 Q F1(REMO)108 182.4 Q(TEHOST)-.4 E F0
(\(+\))2.5 E .898(The host from which the user has logged in remotely)
148 194.4 R 3.398(,i)-.65 G 3.399(ft)-3.398 G .899
(his is the case and the shell is able to)-3.399 F(determine it.)148
206.4 Q(Set only if the shell w)5 E(as so compiled; see the)-.1 E F1 -.1
(ve)2.5 G(rsion).1 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(SHL)108 223.2 Q
(VL)-.92 E F0(\(+\))2.5 E(Equi)148 235.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to the)
25 E F1(shlvl)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(SYSTYPE)108 252
Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(The current system type.)148 264 Q(\(Domain/OS only\))5
E F1(TERM)108 280.8 Q F0(Equi)10 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to the).25 E F1
(term)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(TERMCAP)108 297.6 Q F0
(The terminal capability string.)148 309.6 Q(See)5 E F1 -.92(Te)2.5 G
(rminal management).92 E F0(.)A F1(USER)108 326.4 Q F0(Equi)13.33 E -.25
(va)-.25 G(lent to the).25 E F1(user)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)
-.25 E F1(VENDOR)108 343.2 Q F0(\(+\))2.5 E(The v)148 355.2 Q(endor)-.15
E 2.5(,a)-.4 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(etermined at compile time.)-2.5 E F1(VISU)
108 372 Q(AL)-.6 E F0 .095(The pathname to a def)148 384 R .095
(ault full-screen editor)-.1 F 5.095(.S)-.55 G .095(ee also the)-5.095 F
F1(EDIT)2.595 E(OR)-.18 E F0(en)2.595 E .095(vironment v)-.4 F .095
(ariable and the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(run-fg-editor)148 396 Q
F0(editor command.)2.5 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 412.8 Q F2
(/etc/csh.cshr)108 424.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 1.124(Read \214rst by e)25.66 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.124(ry shell.).15 F(Con)6.124 E -.15(vex)-.4 G 1.125
(OS, Stellix and Intel use).15 F F2(/etc/cshr)3.625 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.125
(and NeXTs use)3.625 F F2(/etc/cshr)188 436.8 Q(c.std)-.37 E F0 5.161
(.A)C .161(/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX ha)-5.161 F .461 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
2.661(oe).15 G(qui)-2.661 E -.25(va)-.25 G .161(lent in).25 F F2(csh)
2.661 E F0 .16(\(1\), b)B .16(ut read this)-.2 F(\214le in)188 448.8 Q
F2(tcsh)2.5 E F0(an)2.5 E(yw)-.15 E(ay)-.1 E 5(.S)-.65 G
(olaris 2.x does not ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.5(te).15 G(ither)-2.5
E 2.5(,b)-.4 G(ut)-2.7 E F2(tcsh)2.5 E F0(reads)2.5 E F2(/etc/.cshr)2.5
E(c)-.37 E F0 5(.\()C(+\))-5 E F2(/etc/csh.lo)108 460.8 Q(gin)-.1 E F0
1.351(Read by login shells after)26.49 F F2(/etc/csh.cshr)3.851 E(c)-.37
E F0 6.351(.C)C(on)-6.351 E -.15(vex)-.4 G 1.351
(OS, Stellix and Intel use).15 F F2(/etc/lo)3.851 E(gin)-.1 E F0(,)A
233(NeXTs use)188 472.8 R F2(/etc/lo)2.733 E(gin.std)-.1 E F0 2.733(,S)
C .233(olaris 2.x uses)-2.733 F F2(/etc/.lo)2.733 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .232
(and A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX)2.732 F(use)188 484.8 Q F2(/etc/cshr)2.5
E(c)-.37 E F0(.)A F2(~/.tcshr)108 496.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 30.02(\(+\) Read)
2.5 F(by e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry shell after).15 E F2(/etc/csh.cshr)
2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(or its equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent.).25 E F2
(~/.cshr)108 508.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 .16(Read by e)50.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .16
(ry shell, if).15 F F2(~/.tcshr)2.66 E(c)-.37 E F0(doesn')2.66 E 2.66
(te)-.18 G .16(xist, after)-2.81 F F2(/etc/csh.cshr)2.66 E(c)-.37 E F0
16(or its equi)2.66 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.66(lent. This).25 F
(manual uses `)188 520.8 Q F2(~/.tcshr)A(c)-.37 E F0 2.5('t)C 2.5(om)
-2.5 G(ean `)-2.5 E F2(~/.tcshr)A(c)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G(f)
-2.5 E F2(~/.tcshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(is not found,)2.5 E F2(~/.cshr)2.5
E(c)-.37 E F0('.)A F2(~/.history)108 532.8 Q F0
(Read by login shells after)43.61 E F2(~/.tcshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(if)2.5
E F1(sa)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(hist).1 E F0(is set, b)2.5 E(ut see also)-.2
E F1(hist\214le)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(~/.lo)108 544.8 Q(gin)-.1 E F0 1.363
(Read by login shells after)50.93 F F2(~/.tcshr)3.863 E(c)-.37 E F0(or)
3.863 E F2(~/.history)3.863 E F0 6.363(.T)C 1.363
(he shell may be compiled to read)-6.363 F F2(~/.lo)188 556.8 Q(gin)-.1
E F0(before instead of after)2.5 E F2(~/.tcshr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(and)2.5
E F2(~/.history)2.5 E F0 2.5(;s)C(ee the)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)2.5 G(rsion).1
E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(~/.cshdir)108 568.8 Q(s)-.1 E F0
25.3(\(+\) Read)2.5 F(by login shells after)2.5 E F2(~/.lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1
E F0(if)2.5 E F1(sa)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.25 G(dirs).1 E F0(is set, b)2.5 E
(ut see also)-.2 E F1(dirs\214le)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(/etc/csh.lo)108 580.8 Q
(gout)-.1 E F0 .301(Read by login shells at logout.)21.49 F(Con)5.301 E
-.15(vex)-.4 G .302(OS, Stellix and Intel use).15 F F2(/etc/lo)2.802 E
(gout)-.1 E F0 .302(and NeXTs)2.802 F(use)188 592.8 Q F2(/etc/lo)4.063 E
(gout.std)-.1 E F0 6.563(.A)C 1.563(/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX ha)-6.563 F
1.862 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 4.062(oe).15 G(qui)-4.062 E -.25(va)-.25 G 1.562
(lent in).25 F F2(csh)4.062 E F0 1.562(\(1\), b)B(ut)-.2 E 2.722
(read this \214le in)188 604.8 R F2(tcsh)5.222 E F0(an)5.222 E(yw)-.15 E
(ay)-.1 E 7.722(.S)-.65 G 2.722(olaris 2.x does not ha)-7.722 F 3.022
-.15(ve i)-.2 H 5.222(te).15 G(ither)-5.222 E 5.222(,b)-.4 G(ut)-5.422 E
F2(tcsh)5.222 E F0(reads)5.222 E F2(/etc/.lo)188 616.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 5
(.\()C(+\))-5 E F2(~/.lo)108 628.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0
(Read by login shells at logout after)45.93 E F2(/etc/csh.lo)2.5 E(gout)
-.1 E F0(or its equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent.).25 E F2(/bin/sh)108
640.8 Q F0(Used to interpret shell scripts not starting with a `#'.)
52.77 E F2(/tmp/sh*)108 652.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)45.55 G
(mporary \214le for `<<'.).7 E F2(/etc/passwd)108 664.8 Q F0
(Source of home directories for `~name' substitutions.)33.33 E .96
(The order in which startup \214les are read may dif)108 681.6 R .96
(fer if the shell w)-.25 F .96(as so compiled; see)-.1 F F1 .96
(Startup and shut-)3.46 F(do)108 693.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0(and the)2.5 E F1
-.1(ve)2.5 G(rsion).1 E F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Astron 6.11.00)
72 768 Q 2.5(2S)137.895 G(eptember 2001)-2.5 E(50)187.615 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10.95
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(This manual describes)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tcsh)2.588 E F0
088(as a single entity)2.588 F 2.588(,b)-.65 G .088(ut e)-2.788 F
(xperienced)-.15 E F2(csh)2.588 E F0 .088(\(1\) users will w)B .089
(ant to pay special attention)-.1 F(to)108 108 Q F2(tcsh)2.5 E F0 1.1
-.55('s n)D .5 -.25(ew f).55 H(eatures.).25 E 3.05(Ac)108 124.8 S .55
(ommand-line editor)-3.05 F 3.05(,w)-.4 G .549
(hich supports GNU Emacs or)-3.05 F F2(vi)3.049 E F0 .549(\(1\)-style k)
B .849 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 3.049(indings. See).15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
549(The command-line)3.049 F(editor)108 136.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F3
(Editor commands)2.5 E F0(.)A .194(Programmable, interacti)108 153.6 R
494 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .194(ord completion and listing.).05 F(See)5.195 E
F3 .195(Completion and listing)2.695 F F0 .195(and the)2.695 F F2
(complete)2.695 E F0(and)2.695 E F2(uncomplete)108 165.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.5
G(iltin commands.).2 E F3(Spelling corr)108 182.4 Q(ection)-.18 E F0
(\(q.v)2.5 E(.\) of \214lenames, commands and v)-.65 E(ariables.)-.25 E
F3 .093(Editor commands)108 199.2 R F0(\(q.v)2.593 E .093(.\) which per\
form other useful functions in the middle of typed commands, including)
-.65 F .97(documentation lookup \()108 211.2 R F2(run-help)A F0 .97
(\), quick editor restarting \()B F2(run-fg-editor)A F0 3.47(\)a)C .97
(nd command resolution \()-3.47 F F2(whic)A(h-)-.15 E(command)108 223.2
Q F0(\).)A 1.091(An enhanced history mechanism.)108 240 R(Ev)6.091 E
1.091(ents in the history list are time-stamped.)-.15 F 1.09
(See also the)6.09 F F2(history)3.59 E F0(com-)3.59 E .289
(mand and its associated shell v)108 252 R .289(ariables, the pre)-.25 F
289(viously undocumented `#' e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .29
(nt speci\214er and ne).15 F 2.79(wm)-.25 G(odi\214ers)-2.79 E(under)108
264 Q F3 1.026(History substitution)3.526 F F0 3.526(,t)C(he)-3.526 E F2
(*-history)3.526 E F0(,)A F2(history-sear)3.526 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-*).15
E F0(,)A F2(i-sear)3.525 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-*).15 E F0(,)A F2(vi-sear)
3.525 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-*).15 E F0(and)3.525 E F2(to)3.525 E -.1(gg)-.1
G(le-liter).1 E(al-his-)-.15 E(tory)108 276 Q F0
(editor commands and the)2.5 E F3(histlit)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E
(ariable.)-.25 E .385
(Enhanced directory parsing and directory stack handling.)108 292.8 R
385(See the)5.385 F F2(cd)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(pushd)2.885 E F0(,)A F2
(popd)2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F2(dir)2.886 E(s)-.1 E F0 .386
(commands and)2.886 F 1.523(their associated shell v)108 304.8 R 1.523
(ariables, the description of)-.25 F F3(Dir)4.023 E 1.523
(ectory stack substitution)-.18 F F0 4.023(,t)C(he)-4.023 E F3(dirstack)
4.023 E F0(,)A F3 -.1(ow)4.023 G(d).1 E F0(and)4.023 E F3(symlinks)108
316.8 Q F0(shell v)2.5 E(ariables and the)-.25 E F2(normalize-command)
2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(normalize-path)2.5 E F0(editor commands.)2.5 E(Ne)
108 333.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion in glob-patterns.).05 E(See)5 E F3
(Filename substitution)2.5 E F0(.)A(Ne)108 350.4 Q(w)-.25 E F3
(File inquiry operators)2.5 E F0(\(q.v)2.5 E(.\) and a)-.65 E F2
(\214letest)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin which uses them.).2 E 2.575(Av)
108 367.2 S .075(ariety of)-2.825 F F3 -.5(Au)2.575 G .076
(tomatic, periodic and timed e).5 F -.1(ve)-.15 G(nts).1 E F0(\(q.v)
2.576 E .076(.\) including scheduled e)-.65 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .076
(nts, special aliases, auto-).15 F
(matic logout and terminal locking, command timing and w)108 379.2 Q
(atching for logins and logouts.)-.1 E .189(Support for the Nati)108 396
R .489 -.15(ve L)-.25 H .189(anguage System \(see).15 F F3(Nati)2.689 E
389 -.1(ve L)-.1 H .188(anguage System support).1 F F0 .188(\), OS v)B
188(ariant features \(see)-.25 F F3(OS v)108 408 Q(ariant support)-.1 E
F0(and the)2.5 E F3(echo_style)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.5 E
(ariable\) and system-dependent \214le locations \(see)-.25 E F3(FILES)
2.5 E F0(\).)A(Extensi)108 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
(erminal-management capabilities.).15 E(See)5 E F3 -.92(Te)2.5 G
(rminal management).92 E F0(.)A(Ne)108 441.6 Q 2.5(wb)-.25 G
(uiltin commands including)-2.7 E F2 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins).2 E F0(,)A F2
(hup)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(ls\255F)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(ne)2.5 E(wgrp)-.15 E F0(,)A
F2(printen)2.5 E(v)-.4 E F0(,)A F2(whic)2.5 E(h)-.15 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
(wher)2.5 E(e)-.37 E F0(\(q.v)2.5 E(.\).)-.65 E(Ne)108 458.4 Q 3.281(wv)
-.25 G .781(ariables that mak)-3.531 F 3.282(eu)-.1 G .782
(seful information easily a)-3.282 F -.25(va)-.2 G .782
(ilable to the shell.).25 F .782(See the)5.782 F F3(gid)3.282 E F0(,)A
F3(loginsh)3.282 E F0(,)A F3(oid)3.282 E F0(,)A F3(shlvl)3.282 E F0(,)A
F3(tcsh)108 470.4 Q F0(,)A F3(tty)4.036 E F0(,)A F3(uid)4.036 E F0(and)
4.036 E F3 -.1(ve)4.036 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.535(shell v)4.036 F 1.535
(ariables and the)-.25 F F3(HOST)4.035 E F0(,)A F3(REMO)4.035 E(TEHOST)
-.4 E F0(,)A F3(VENDOR)4.035 E F0(,)A F3(OSTYPE)4.035 E F0(and)4.035 E
F3(MA)108 482.4 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariables.)
-.25 E 2.898(An)108 499.2 S .898 -.25(ew s)-2.898 H .398
(yntax for including useful information in the prompt string \(see).25 F
F3(pr)2.898 E(ompt)-.18 E F0 2.898(\). and)B .399(special prompts for)
2.898 F(loops and spelling correction \(see)108 511.2 Q F3(pr)2.5 E
(ompt2)-.18 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E(ompt3)-.18 E F0(\).)A
(Read-only v)108 528 Q 2.5(ariables. See)-.25 F F3 -.92(Va)2.5 G
(riable substitution).92 E F0(.)A F1 -.11(BU)72 544.8 S(GS).11 E F0 .607
(When a suspended command is restarted, the shell prints the directory \
it started in if this is dif)108 556.8 R .606(ferent from)-.25 F .813
(the current directory)108 568.8 R 5.813(.T)-.65 G .814
(his can be misleading \(i.e., wrong\) as the job may ha)-5.813 F 1.114
-.15(ve c)-.2 H .814(hanged directories inter).15 F(-)-.2 E(nally)108
580.8 Q(.)-.65 E .064(Shell b)108 597.6 R .064
(uiltin functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 F .064
(Command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are also not)5.064 F .194
(handled gracefully when stopping is attempted.)108 609.6 R .194
(If you suspend `b', the shell will then immediately e)5.194 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cute).15 E 2.638(`c'. This)108 621.6 R .137
(is especially noticeable if this e)2.638 F .137
(xpansion results from an)-.15 F F2(alias)2.637 E F0 5.137(.I)C 2.637
(ts)-5.137 G(uf)-2.637 E .137(\214ces to place the sequence of)-.25 F
(commands in \(\)')108 633.6 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G 2.5(of)-2.5 G
(orce it to a subshell, i.e., `\( a ; b ; c \)'.)-2.5 E .118(Control o)
108 650.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.618(rt).15 G .118
(ty output after processes are started is primiti)-2.618 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.618(;p).15 G .118(erhaps this will inspire someone to w)-2.618 F
119(ork on)-.1 F 2.539(ag)108 662.4 S .038(ood virtual terminal interf)
-2.539 F 2.538(ace. In)-.1 F 2.538(av)2.538 G .038
(irtual terminal interf)-2.538 F .038
(ace much more interesting things could be done)-.1 F
(with output control.)108 674.4 Q .301(Alias substitution is most often\
used to clumsily simulate shell procedures; shell procedures should be\
pro-)108 691.2 R(vided rather than aliases.)108 703.2 Q .683
(Commands within loops are not placed in the history list.)108 720 R
682(Control structures should be parsed rather than)5.682 F
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R .295
(being recognized as b)108 84 R .295(uilt-in commands.)-.2 F .295
(This w)5.295 F .295(ould allo)-.1 F 2.795(wc)-.25 G .296
(ontrol commands to be placed an)-2.795 F .296(ywhere, to be)-.15 F
(combined with `|', and to be used with `&' and `;' metasyntax.)108 96 Q
/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(for)108 112.8 Q(eac)-.37 E(h)-.15 E F0(doesn')
2.5 E 2.5(ti)-.18 G(gnore here documents when looking for its)-2.5 E F1
(end)2.5 E F0(.)A(It should be possible to use the `:' modi\214ers on t\
he output of command substitutions.)108 129.6 Q .149
(The screen update for lines longer than the screen width is v)108 146.4
R .148(ery poor if the terminal cannot mo)-.15 F .448 -.15(ve t)-.15 H
148(he cursor).15 F(up \(i.e., terminal type `dumb'\).)108 158.4 Q/F2
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HP)108 175.2 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
(NOREBIND)2.5 E F0(don')2.5 E 2.5(tn)-.18 G(eed to be en)-2.5 E
(vironment v)-.4 E(ariables.)-.25 E(Glob-patterns which do not use `?',\
`*' or `[]' or which use `{}' or `~' are not ne)108 192 Q -.05(ga)-.15
G(ted correctly).05 E(.)-.65 E .535(The single-command form of)108 208.8
R F1(if)3.035 E F0 .535(does output redirection e)3.035 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.035(ni).15 G 3.035(ft)-3.035 G .535(he e)-3.035 F .535(xpression is f)
-.15 F .536(alse and the command is)-.1 F(not e)108 220.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuted.).15 E F1(ls\255F)108 237.6 Q F0 .102(includes \214le identi\
\214cation characters when sorting \214lenames and does not handle cont\
rol characters in)2.603 F(\214lenames well.)108 249.6 Q
(It cannot be interrupted.)5 E .923(Report b)108 266.4 R .923
(ugs to tcsh-b)-.2 F([email protected])-.2 E .923(.com, preferably with \214x)
-.65 F 3.423(es. If)-.15 F .923(you w)3.423 F .924
(ant to help maintain and test tcsh,)-.1 F .028
(send mail to [email protected])108 278.4 R .027(.com with the te)-.65 F
027(xt `subscribe tcsh <your name>' on a line by itself in the body)
-.15 F(.)-.65 E -1.1(Yo)108 290.4 S 4.404(uc)1.1 G 1.904
(an also `subscribe tcsh-b)-4.404 F 1.905(ugs <your name>' to get all b)
-.2 F 1.905(ug reports, or `subscribe tcsh-dif)-.2 F 1.905(fs <your)-.25
F(name>' to get the de)108 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(lopment list plus dif)
15 E(fs for each patchle)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E/F3 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(THE T IN TCSH)72 319.2 Q F0 .856
(In 1964, DEC produced the PDP-6.)108 331.2 R .855(The PDP-10 w)5.855 F
855(as a later re-implementation.)-.1 F .855(It w)5.855 F .855
(as re-christened the)-.1 F(DECsystem-10 in 1970 or so when DEC brought\
out the second model, the KI10.)108 343.2 Q .741(TENEX w)108 360 R .742
(as created at Bolt, Beranek & Ne)-.1 F .742
(wman \(a Cambridge, Massachusetts think tank\) in 1972 as an)-.25 F
-.15(ex)108 372 S 1.868
(periment in demand-paged virtual memory operating systems.).15 F(The)
6.868 E 4.368(yb)-.15 G 1.868(uilt a ne)-4.568 F 4.368(wp)-.25 G 1.867
(ager for the DEC)-4.368 F(PDP-10 and created the OS to go with it.)108
384 Q(It w)5 E(as e)-.1 E(xtremely successful in academia.)-.15 E .536
(In 1975, DEC brought out a ne)108 400.8 R 3.036(wm)-.25 G .536
(odel of the PDP-10, the KL10; the)-3.036 F 3.036(yi)-.15 G .536
(ntended to ha)-3.036 F .836 -.15(ve o)-.2 H .536(nly a v).15 F .536
(ersion of)-.15 F .879(TENEX, which the)108 412.8 R 3.379(yh)-.15 G .879
(ad licensed from BBN, for the ne)-3.379 F 3.379(wb)-.25 G 3.379
(ox. The)-3.379 F 3.379(yc)-.15 G .878(alled their v)-3.379 F .878
(ersion T)-.15 F .878(OPS-20 \(their)-.18 F 1.355
(capitalization is trademark)108 424.8 R 3.855(ed\). A)-.1 F 1.355
(lot of T)3.855 F 1.356
(OPS-10 users \(`The OPerating System for PDP-10'\) objected;)-.18 F
1.333(thus DEC found themselv)108 436.8 R 1.333(es supporting tw)-.15 F
3.832(oi)-.1 G 1.332(ncompatible systems on the same hardw)-3.832 F
(are--b)-.1 E 1.332(ut then there)-.2 F(were 6 on the PDP-11!)108 448.8
Q 1.704(TENEX, and T)108 465.6 R 1.704(OPS-20 to v)-.18 F 1.705
(ersion 3, had command completion via a user)-.15 F(-code-le)-.2 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 4.205(ls).15 G 1.705(ubroutine library)-4.205 F .819
(called UL)108 477.6 R 3.319(TCMD. W)-.92 F .818(ith v)-.4 F .818
(ersion 3, DEC mo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.318(da).15 G .818
(ll that capability and more into the monitor \(`k)-3.318 F .818
(ernel' for)-.1 F 1.693(you Unix types\), accessed by the COMND% JSYS \
\(`Jump to SYStem' instruction, the supervisor call)108 489.6 R
(mechanism [are my IBM roots also sho)108 501.6 Q(wing?]\).)-.25 E .048
(The creator of tcsh w)108 518.4 R .047
(as impressed by this feature and se)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .047
(ral others of TENEX and T).15 F .047(OPS-20, and created a)-.18 F -.15
(ve)108 530.4 S(rsion of csh which mimick).15 E(ed them.)-.1 E F3(LIMIT)
72 547.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(IONS)1.04 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 559.2 S
(rds can be no longer than 1024 characters.).8 E(The system limits ar)
108 576 Q(gument lists to 10240 characters.)-.18 E .368
(The number of ar)108 592.8 R .368(guments to a command which in)-.18 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E .368(es \214lename e)-.15 F .368
(xpansion is limited to 1/6th the number)-.15 F(of characters allo)108
604.8 Q(wed in an ar)-.25 E(gument list.)-.18 E
(Command substitutions may substitute no more characters than are allo)
108 621.6 Q(wed in an ar)-.25 E(gument list.)-.18 E 1.6 -.8(To d)108
638.4 T(etect looping, the shell restricts the number of).8 E F1(alias)
2.5 E F0(substitutions on a single line to 20.)2.5 E F3(SEE ALSO)72
655.2 Q F0 .26(csh\(1\), emacs\(1\), ls\(1\), ne)108 667.2 R .259(wgrp\
\(1\), sh\(1\), setpath\(1\), stty\(1\), su\(1\), tset\(1\), vi\(1\), x\
\(1\), access\(2\), e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cv).15 E(e\(2\),)-.15 E
2.122(fork\(2\), killpg\(2\), pipe\(2\), setrlimit\(2\), sigv)108 679.2
R 2.122(ec\(2\), stat\(2\), umask\(2\), vfork\(2\), w)-.15 F 2.122
(ait\(2\), malloc\(3\), setlo-)-.1 F
(cale\(3\), tty\(4\), a.out\(5\), termcap\(5\), en)108 691.2 Q
(viron\(7\), termio\(7\), Introduction to the C Shell)-.4 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 391.06(TCSH\(1\) TCSH\(1\))72 48 R/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(VERSION)72 84 Q F0
(This manual documents tcsh 6.11.00 \(Astron\) 2001-09-02.)108 96 Q F1
-.548(AU)72 112.8 S(THORS).548 E F0 -.4(Wi)108 124.8 S(lliam Jo).4 E(y)
-.1 E(Original author of)118 136.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(csh)2.5 E
F0(\(1\))A(J.E. K)108 148.8 Q(ulp, IIASA, Lax)-.15 E(enb)-.15 E(ur)-.2 E
(g, Austria)-.18 E(Job control and directory stack features)118 160.8 Q
-.25(Ke)108 172.8 S 2.5(nG).25 G(reer)-2.5 E 2.5(,H)-.4 G 2.5(PL)-2.5 G
(abs, 1981)-2.5 E(File name completion)118 184.8 Q(Mik)108 196.8 Q 2.5
(eE)-.1 G(llis, F)-2.5 E(airchild, 1983)-.15 E
(Command name recognition/completion)118 208.8 Q -.15(Pa)108 220.8 S
(ul Place).15 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.3 -.65(y, O).1 H
(hio State CIS Dept., 1983-1993).65 E(Command line editor)118 232.8 Q
2.5(,p)-.4 G(rompt routines, ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wg)-.25 G
(lob syntax and numerous \214x)-2.5 E(es and speedups)-.15 E
(Karl Kleinpaste, CCI 1983-4)108 244.8 Q .332
(Special aliases, directory stack e)118 256.8 R .332(xtraction stuf)-.15
F .332(f, login/logout w)-.25 F .331(atch, scheduled e)-.1 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .331(nts, and the idea of the).15 F(ne)118 268.8 Q 2.5(wp)-.25 G
(rompt format)-2.5 E(Rayan Zachariassen, Uni)108 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rsity of T).15 E(oronto, 1984)-.8 E F2(ls\255F)118 292.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E
F2(whic)2.5 E(h)-.15 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins and numerous b).2 E
(ug \214x)-.2 E(es, modi\214cations and speedups)-.15 E(Chris Kingsle)
108 304.8 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(altech).65 E -.15(Fa)118 316.8 S
(st storage allocator routines).15 E(Chris Gre)108 328.8 Q(vstad, TR)
-.25 E 1.84 -.92(W, 1)-.55 H(987).92 E(Incorporated 4.3BSD)118 340.8 Q
F2(csh)2.5 E F0(into)2.5 E F2(tcsh)2.5 E F0
(Christos S. Zoulas, Cornell U. EE Dept., 1987-94)108 352.8 Q .037
(Ports to HPUX, SVR2 and SVR3, a SysV v)118 364.8 R .038
(ersion of getwd.c, SHOR)-.15 F .038(T_STRINGS support and a ne)-.6 F
2.538(wv)-.25 G(er)-2.688 E(-)-.2 E(sion of sh.glob)118 376.8 Q(.c)-.4 E
(James J Dempse)108 388.8 Q 1.3 -.65(y, B)-.15 H(BN, and P).65 E
(aul Place)-.15 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.3 -.65(y, O).1 H(SU, 1988).65 E
(A/UX port)118 400.8 Q(Daniel Long, NNSC, 1988)108 412.8 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(wo)118 424.8 S(rdchars).1 E F0 -.15(Pa)108 436.8 S
(trick W).15 E(olfe, K)-.8 E(uck and Associates, Inc., 1988)-.15 E F2
(vi)118 448.8 Q F0(mode cleanup)2.5 E(Da)108 460.8 Q(vid C La)-.2 E
(wrence, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1989)-.15 E F3(autolist)118
472.8 Q F0(and ambiguous completion listing)2.5 E(Alec W)108 484.8 Q
(olman, DEC, 1989)-.8 E(Ne)118 496.8 Q(wlines in the prompt)-.25 E
(Matt Landau, BBN, 1989)108 508.8 Q F2(~/.tcshr)118 520.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0
(Ray Moody)108 532.8 Q 2.5(,P)-.65 G(urdue Ph)-2.5 E(ysics, 1989)-.05 E
(Magic space bar history e)118 544.8 Q(xpansion)-.15 E
(Mordechai ????, Intel, 1989)108 556.8 Q(printprompt\(\) \214x)118 568.8
Q(es and additions)-.15 E(Kazuhiro Honda, Dept. of Computer Science, K)
108 580.8 Q(eio Uni)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E 2.5(,1)-.65 G(989)
-2.5 E(Automatic spelling correction and)118 592.8 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(ompt3)
-.18 E F0(Per Hedeland, Ellemtel, Sweden, 1990-)108 604.8 Q -1.11(Va)118
616.8 S(rious b)1.11 E(ug\214x)-.2 E(es, impro)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(ments and manual updates).15 E(Hans J. Albertsson \(Sun Sweden\))108
628.8 Q F3(ampm)118 640.8 Q F0(,)A F2(settc)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
(telltc)2.5 E F0(Michael Bloom)108 652.8 Q(Interrupt handling \214x)118
664.8 Q(es)-.15 E(Michael Fine, Digital Equipment Corp)108 676.8 Q
(Extended k)118 688.8 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(upport).15 E
(Eric Schnoebelen, Con)108 700.8 Q -.15(vex)-.4 G 2.5(,1).15 G(990)-2.5
E(Con)118 712.8 Q .3 -.15(vex s)-.4 H(upport, lots of).15 E F2(csh)2.5 E
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Q(es)-.15 E(Johan W)108 132 Q(iden, SICS Sweden, 1990)-.4 E/F1 10
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(autolist)118 216 Q F0 .085(beeping options, modi\214ed the history sea\
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(Scott Krotz, Motorola, 1991)108 240 Q(Minix port)118 252 Q(Da)108 264 Q
(vid Da)-.2 E(wes, Sydne)-.15 E 2.5(yU)-.15 G 2.5(.A)-2.5 G
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276 Q(es)-.15 E(Jose Sousa, Interacti)108 288 Q .3 -.15(ve S)-.25 H
(ystems Corp., 1991).15 E(Extended)118 300 Q F2(vi)2.5 E F0<8c78>2.5 E
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(witz, MIT)-.25 E 2.5(,1)-.74 G(991)-2.5 E(ANSI\214cation \214x)118 324
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(wher)2.5 E(e)-.37 E F0(Bruce Sterling W)108 336 Q
(oodcock, [email protected], 1991-1995)-.8 E(ET)118 348 Q 4.653(Aa)
-.93 G 2.154(nd Pyramid port, Mak)-4.653 F 2.154(e\214le and lint \214x)
-.1 F(es,)-.15 E F1(ignor)4.654 E(eeof)-.18 E F0 2.154
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(changes and b)118 360 Q(ug \214x)-.2 E(es)-.15 E(Jef)108 372 Q 2.5(fF)
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396 Q 1.3 -.65(y, 1)-.15 H(992).65 E(Coherent port)118 408 Q
(Andy Phillips, Mullard Space Science Lab U.K., 1992)108 420 Q
(VMS-POSIX port)118 432 Q(Beto Appleton, IBM Corp., 1992)108 444 Q -.8
(Wa)118 456 S(lking process group \214x).8 E(es,)-.15 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0
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(s, POSIX \214le tests, POSIX SIGHUP).15 E
(Scott Bolte, Cray Computer Corp., 1992)108 468 Q(CSOS port)118 480 Q
(Ka)108 492 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(hR).15 G 2.5(.G)-2.5 G
(hazi, Rutgers Uni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E 2.5(,1)-.65 G(992)
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(autoconf support.)2.5 E(Mark Linderman, Cornell Uni)108 516 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G(rsity).15 E 2.5(,1)-.65 G(992)-2.5 E(OS/2 port)118 528 Q
(Mika Liljeber)108 540 Q(g, [email protected], 1992)-.18 E
(Linux port)118 552 Q -.35(Ti)108 564 S 2.5(mP).35 G 2.5(.S)-3.61 G
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2.5(,1)-.65 G(994-6)-2.5 E(Enhanced directory printing in prompt, added)
118 648 Q F1(ellipsis)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.1(rp)2.5 G -.18(ro).1 G
(mpt).18 E F0(.)A(Edw)108 660 Q
(ard Hutchins, Silicon Graphics Inc., 1996)-.1 E(Added implicit cd.)118
672 Q(Martin Kraemer)108 684 Q 2.5(,1)-.4 G(997)-2.5 E
(Ported to Siemens Nixdorf EBCDIC machine)118 696 Q(Astron 6.11.00)72
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(code to interf)118 108 Q(ace to W)-.1 E(indo)-.4 E(ws.)-.25 E -.8(Ta)
108 120 S .1 -.05(ga N).8 H(ayuta, 1998).05 E(Color ls additions.)118
132 Q/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(THANKS T)72 153.6 Q(O)-.197 E F0 .914
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(well, Karl Kleinpaste, Bob Manson, Ste)-.1 F 1.215 -.15(ve R)-.25 H
915(omig, Diana Smetters, Bob Sutter).15 F(-)-.2 E .304
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(All the people on the net, for putting up with, reporting b)108 206.4 R
482(ugs in, and suggesting ne)-.2 F 2.982(wa)-.25 G .482
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187.615 E EP
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