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/F0 18/Times-BoldItalic@0 SF(Preface)459.63 84 Q .4 LW 89.6 102 84.6 102
DL 91.6 102 86.6 102 DL 96.6 102 91.6 102 DL 101.6 102 96.6 102 DL 106.6
102 101.6 102 DL 111.6 102 106.6 102 DL 116.6 102 111.6 102 DL 121.6 102
116.6 102 DL 126.6 102 121.6 102 DL 131.6 102 126.6 102 DL 136.6 102
131.6 102 DL 141.6 102 136.6 102 DL 146.6 102 141.6 102 DL 151.6 102
146.6 102 DL 156.6 102 151.6 102 DL 161.6 102 156.6 102 DL 166.6 102
161.6 102 DL 171.6 102 166.6 102 DL 176.6 102 171.6 102 DL 181.6 102
176.6 102 DL 186.6 102 181.6 102 DL 191.6 102 186.6 102 DL 196.6 102
191.6 102 DL 201.6 102 196.6 102 DL 206.6 102 201.6 102 DL 211.6 102
206.6 102 DL 216.6 102 211.6 102 DL 221.6 102 216.6 102 DL 226.6 102
221.6 102 DL 231.6 102 226.6 102 DL 236.6 102 231.6 102 DL 241.6 102
236.6 102 DL 246.6 102 241.6 102 DL 251.6 102 246.6 102 DL 256.6 102
251.6 102 DL 261.6 102 256.6 102 DL 266.6 102 261.6 102 DL 271.6 102
266.6 102 DL 276.6 102 271.6 102 DL 281.6 102 276.6 102 DL 286.6 102
281.6 102 DL 291.6 102 286.6 102 DL 296.6 102 291.6 102 DL 301.6 102
296.6 102 DL 306.6 102 301.6 102 DL 311.6 102 306.6 102 DL 316.6 102
311.6 102 DL 321.6 102 316.6 102 DL 326.6 102 321.6 102 DL 331.6 102
326.6 102 DL 336.6 102 331.6 102 DL 341.6 102 336.6 102 DL 346.6 102
341.6 102 DL 351.6 102 346.6 102 DL 356.6 102 351.6 102 DL 361.6 102
356.6 102 DL 366.6 102 361.6 102 DL 371.6 102 366.6 102 DL 376.6 102
371.6 102 DL 381.6 102 376.6 102 DL 386.6 102 381.6 102 DL 391.6 102
386.6 102 DL 396.6 102 391.6 102 DL 401.6 102 396.6 102 DL 406.6 102
401.6 102 DL 411.6 102 406.6 102 DL 416.6 102 411.6 102 DL 421.6 102
416.6 102 DL 426.6 102 421.6 102 DL 431.6 102 426.6 102 DL 436.6 102
431.6 102 DL 441.6 102 436.6 102 DL 446.6 102 441.6 102 DL 451.6 102
446.6 102 DL 456.6 102 451.6 102 DL 461.6 102 456.6 102 DL 466.6 102
461.6 102 DL 471.6 102 466.6 102 DL 476.6 102 471.6 102 DL 481.6 102
476.6 102 DL 486.6 102 481.6 102 DL 491.6 102 486.6 102 DL 496.6 102
491.6 102 DL 501.6 102 496.6 102 DL 506.6 102 501.6 102 DL 511.6 102
506.6 102 DL 516.6 102 511.6 102 DL/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .661
(UNIX systems usually pro)84.6 150 R .661(vide se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
661(ral shells from which you can choose, either v).15 F(endor)-.15 E
662(-supplied or a)-.2 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .739
(able from other sources.)84.6 162 R .739(This handbook focuses on tw)
5.739 F 3.238(oo)-.1 G 3.238(ft)-3.238 G 3.238(hem. The)-3.238 F -.2(fi)
3.238 G .738(rst is the C shell \().2 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(csh)A F1
738(\), a popular)B .031
(command interpreter that has its origins in Berk)84.6 174 R(ele)-.1 E
2.531(yU)-.15 G(NIX.)-2.531 E F2(csh)5.031 E F1 .031
(is particularly suited for interacti)2.531 F .332 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .032
(se and).15 F(of)84.6 186 Q .191(fers a number of features to mak)-.25 F
2.691(ei)-.1 G 2.691(te)-2.691 G .191
(asy to issue commands, such as the ability to recall and modify pre-)
-2.691 F 1.597(vious commands, a f)84.6 198 R 1.597(acility for creatin\
g command shortcuts, shorthand notation for pathnames to home)-.1 F
(directories, and job control.)84.6 210 Q .643(The second shell is)84.6
228 R F2(tcsh)3.143 E F1 3.143(,a)C 3.143(ne)-3.143 G .642(nhanced v)
-3.143 F .642(ersion of)-.15 F F2(csh)3.142 E F1(.)A F2(tcsh)5.642 E F1
642(is almost entirely upw)3.142 F .642(ard compatible with)-.1 F F2
(csh)3.142 E F1(,)A 1.16(so whate)84.6 240 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.66(ry).15
G 1.16(ou kno)-3.66 F 3.66(wa)-.25 G 1.16
(bout the C shell you can apply immediately to)-3.66 F F2(tcsh)3.661 E
F1 6.161(.B)C(ut)-6.161 E F2(tcsh)3.661 E F1 1.161(goes be)3.661 F(yond)
-.15 E F2(csh)3.661 E F1(,)A 1.789(adding capabilities lik)84.6 252 R
4.289(eag)-.1 G 1.788(eneral purpose command line editor)-4.289 F 4.288
(,s)-.4 G 1.788(pelling correction, and programmable)-4.288 F
(command, f)84.6 264 Q(ile, and user name completion.)-.2 E 1.266
(Shells other than)84.6 282 R F2(csh)3.766 E F1(and)3.766 E F2(tcsh)
3.766 E F1 1.267(may be a)3.766 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.267
(ilable on your system.).25 F 1.267(The tw)6.267 F 3.767(om)-.1 G 1.267
(ost signif)-3.767 F 1.267(icant ones are the)-.2 F .11(Bourne shell \()
84.6 294 R F2(sh)A F1 2.61(\)a)C .11(nd the K)-2.61 F .11(orn shell \()
-.35 F F2(ksh)A F1 2.61(\). The)B .109(Bourne shell w)2.609 F .109
(as the earliest of the currently popular shells)-.1 F .306
(and is the most widely a)84.6 306 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.806(ilable. The).25
F -.35(Ko)2.806 G .306(rn shell w).35 F .306(as de)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
306(loped at A).15 F .306(T&T and is most pre)-1.11 F -.25(va)-.25 G
307(lent on System).25 F -1(V-)84.6 318 S(based UNIX systems.)1 E
(Both shells are amply documented else)5 E(where, so we w)-.25 E(on')-.1
E 2.5(td)-.18 G(eal with them here.)-2.5 E/F3 16/Times-BoldItalic@0 SF
(Purpose of This Handbook)84.6 350 Q F1 .017
(This handbook is designed to help you use)84.6 371 R F2(csh)2.517 E F1
(or)2.517 E F2(tcsh)2.517 E F1 .017(more ef)2.517 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.017(.B)-.65 G 2.517(yd)-5.017 G .017
(emonstrating what these shells)-2.517 F .782(can do for you and illust\
rating techniques for using their features, it will sho)84.6 383 R 3.283
(wy)-.25 G .783(ou ho)-3.283 F 3.283(wt)-.25 G 3.283(og)-3.283 G .783
(et your w)-3.283 F(ork)-.1 E 1.132(done more quickly and easily)84.6
395 R 6.132(.Y)-.65 G 1.132(ou can increase your ef)-7.232 F(fecti)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.132(ness on a number of fronts, ranging from).15 F
657(learning ho)84.6 407 R 3.157(wt)-.25 G 3.157(or)-3.157 G .657
(epeat the pre)-3.157 F .657
(vious command without typing the whole thing in ag)-.25 F .657
(ain, to learning ho)-.05 F 3.158(wt)-.25 G(o)-3.158 E .426
(use \214lename patterns, to using the shell startup \214les to mak)84.6
419 R 2.925(ey)-.1 G .425(our w)-2.925 F .425(orking en)-.1 F .425
(vironment more pleasant and)-.4 F(producti)84.6 431 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
15 E(This handbook has tw)84.6 449 Q 2.5(op)-.1 G(articular emphases:)
-2.5 E 11.5<8349>84.6 467 S(nteracti)-11.5 E 1.268 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .968
(se of the shell is stressed.).15 F .968
(Although a shell can be used non-interacti)5.968 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .969
(ly by telling it to).15 F -.15(exe)99.6 479 S .269(cute commands conta\
ined in a \214le, the majority of the time you spend with your shell is\
probably at).15 F .266(the command line.)99.6 491 R .267
(This handbook re\215ects that pattern of use by concentrating on ho)
5.267 F 2.767(wt)-.25 G 2.767(oi)-2.767 G(mpro)-2.767 E .567 -.15(ve y)
-.15 H(our).15 E .664
(interaction with the shell rather than on writing shell scripts.)99.6
503 R .663(Another reason for emphasizing interac-)5.663 F(ti)99.6 515 Q
1.208 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .908(se o).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.408(rs).15 G
908(cripting is that)-3.408 F F2(csh)3.408 E F1(and)3.408 E F2(tcsh)
3.408 E F1 .909(are not good shells for writing scripts \(Appendix C,)
3.408 F F2(Other)3.409 E(Sour)99.6 527 Q 1.242(ces of Information)-.37 F
F1 3.742(,r)C 1.241(eferences a document that describes wh)-3.742 F
(y\).)-.05 E F2(sh)6.241 E F1(or)3.741 E F2(perl)3.741 E F1 1.241
(are better for writing)3.741 F
(scripts, so there is little reason to dicuss doing so with)99.6 539 Q
F2(csh)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E F2(tcsh)2.5 E F1(.)A 11.5<8353>84.6 557 S .762
(pecial features of)-11.5 F F2(tcsh)3.262 E F1 .762(are discussed e)
3.262 F(xtensi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.762(.M)-.65 G .762
(ost shell books mention)-5.762 F F2(tcsh)3.262 E F1 .763
(not at all or only in)3.263 F .325(passing as an obscure relati)99.6
569 R .625 -.15(ve o)-.25 H(f).15 E F2(csh)2.825 E F1 5.324(.T)C .324
(his handbook discusses the man)-5.324 F 2.824(yc)-.15 G(apabilities)
-2.824 E F2(csh)2.824 E F1(and)2.824 E F2(tcsh)2.824 E F1(ha)2.824 E
-.15(ve)-.2 G .583(in common, b)99.6 581 R .583(ut it also describes)-.2
F F2(tcsh)3.083 E F1 .583
(-speci\214c features throughout rather than ignoring them.)B .584(In f)
5.584 F .584(act, I)-.1 F(recommend that you use)99.6 593 Q F2(tcsh)2.5
E F1(as your preferred shell)2.5 E .833<8a69>.833 G(t')-.833 E 2.5(sj)
-.55 G(ust a lot better than)-2.5 E F2(csh)2.5 E F1(.)A F3(Intended A)
84.6 631 Q(udience)-.48 E F1 .59(This handbook can be used by an)84.6
652 R .59(yone at an)-.15 F 3.09(yl)-.15 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.09 H 3.09
(lo).25 G 3.09(fp)-3.09 G(ro\214cienc)-3.09 E 3.09(yw)-.15 G(ith)-3.09 E
F2(csh)3.09 E F1(or)3.09 E F2(tcsh)3.09 E F1 5.59(.I)C 3.09(ts)-5.59 G
59(hould be helpful in)-3.09 F(an)84.6 664 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5
G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing circumstances:)-.25 E 11.5<8349>84.6 682 S 2.713
(fy)-11.5 G .213(ou don')-2.713 F 2.714(tk)-.18 G(no)-2.714 E 2.714(wm)
-.25 G .214(uch about the shell, a simple introduction is pro)-2.714 F
214(vided to help you a)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .214(id the frustra-).2 F
037(tion that can be a part of the early learning stages.)99.6 694 R
036(If you')5.036 F .036(re ne)-.5 F 2.536(wn)-.25 G .036
(ot only to the shell, b)-2.536 F .036(ut also to UNIX,)-.2 F 2.5<8a43>
205.045 732 S(op)-2.5 E(yright \251 1995 O'Reilly & Associates \212)-.1
E F2(Pr)84.6 748.8 Q(eface)-.37 E F1(1)396.27 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(that')99.6 84 Q 3.295<738c>-.55 G .795(ne, too.)
-3.295 F .795(This handbook isn')5.795 F 3.295(td)-.18 G .795
(esigned as a general UNIX tutorial, b)-3.295 F .795(ut it contains man)
-.2 F 3.295(ye)-.15 G(xam-)-3.445 E(ples sho)99.6 96 Q(wing ho)-.25 E
2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(ou)-2.5 G(se UNIX commands.)-2.5 E 11.5<8349>84.6 114
S 2.983(fy)-11.5 G(ou')-2.983 E .483(re already f)-.5 F .483(amiliar wi\
th the fundamentals of the shell, this handbook will help you get more \
out)-.1 F(of)99.6 126 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(csh)3.04 E F0(and)3.04 E
F1(tcsh)3.04 E F0 .54(by demonstrating ho)3.04 F 3.04(wt)-.25 G 3.04(ou)
-3.04 G .54(se their interacti)-3.04 F .84 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .54
(apabilities with greater ef).15 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.04
(ness. It).15 F .279(will sho)99.6 138 R 2.779(wy)-.25 G .279(ou ho)
-2.779 F 2.779(wt)-.25 G 2.779(oc)-2.779 G .279
(ompose commands that do more by b)-2.779 F .279
(uilding on the skills you already ha)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.778(,a).15 G
(nd)-2.778 E(ho)99.6 150 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(os)-2.5 G -2.25 -.2(av e)
-2.5 H
(time by issuing those commands more quickly and with less typing.)2.7 E
11.5<8349>84.6 168 S 2.965(fy)-11.5 G(ou')-2.965 E .765 -.15(ve u)-.5 H
466(sed only).15 F F1(csh)2.966 E F0 .466(and are w)2.966 F .466
(ondering about)-.1 F F1(tcsh)2.966 E F0 2.966(,y)C(ou')-2.966 E .466
(ll \214nd out about the latter')-.1 F 2.966(ss)-.55 G .466
(pecial features)-2.966 F(and disco)99.6 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rh).15
G -.25(ow)-2.5 G F1(tcsh)2.75 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(ilds on).2 E F1(csh)2.5
E F0 1.1 -.55('s c).833 H(apabilities to pro).55 E(vide a more producti)
-.15 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(orking en).05 E(vironment.)-.4 E/F2 16
/Times-BoldItalic@0 SF(Scope of This Handbook)84.6 218 Q F0 .309
(This handbook is di)84.6 239 R .309(vided into three parts.)-.25 F -.15
(Pa)5.309 G .308(rt I is designed to get you of).15 F 2.808(ft)-.25 G
308(he ground by pro)-2.808 F .308(viding a basic)-.15 F 1.006
(introduction to the shell and a broad surv)84.6 251 R 1.306 -.15(ey t)
-.15 H 1.006(hat sho).15 F 1.006(ws ho)-.25 F 3.506(wt)-.25 G 3.506(ou)
-3.506 G 1.006(se the shell')-3.506 F 3.506(sm)-.55 G 1.006(ore adv)
-3.506 F 1.007(anced features to)-.25 F(accomplish man)84.6 263 Q 2.5
(yd)-.15 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent kinds of tasks.)-.25 E -.15(Pa)84.6 281 S
172(rt II pro).15 F .172(vides a more topical approach to the shell')
-.15 F 2.672(sc)-.55 G 2.672(apabilities. The)-2.672 F .171
(chapters in P)2.672 F .171(art II focus on particu-)-.15 F .051
(lar aspects of the shell.)84.6 293 R -1.1(Yo)5.052 G(u')1.1 E .052
(ll \214nd these chapters useful when you w)-.1 F .052
(ant more information about features of)-.1 F
(the shell demonstrated in P)84.6 305 Q(art I.)-.15 E 1.25
(The appendices pro)84.6 323 R 1.249
(vide information about obtaining and installing)-.15 F F1(tcsh)3.749 E
F0 3.749(,aq)C 1.249(uick reference to those shell)-3.749 F(capabilitie\
s discussed in this handbook, and pointers to other documentation relat\
ing to)84.6 335 Q F1(csh)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(tcsh)2.5 E F0(.)A/F3 14
/Times-BoldItalic@0 SF -.56(Pa)84.6 363 S(rt I).56 E F0 .439(Chapter 1,)
84.6 387 R F1(Intr)2.939 E(oduction)-.45 E F0 2.939(,d)C .439
(iscusses the purpose of the shell and describes ho)-2.939 F 2.94(wt)
-.25 G 2.94(oc)-2.94 G .44(hange your login shell to)-2.94 F
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84.6 316 Q F0 1.114(Appendix A,)84.6 340 R F1 1.114
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(ersion.)-.15 E .765(Appendix B,)84.6 370 R F1 .765(csh & tcsh Quic)
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(mands, you should then proceed to Chapter 2,)84.6 519 R F1 3.429(AS)
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