%%BoundingBox: (atend)

%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%BoundingBox: (atend)
%%Pages: (atend)
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%EndComments
%
% FrameMaker PostScript Prolog 3.0, for use with FrameMaker 3.0
% Copyright (c) 1986,87,89,90,91 by Frame Technology Corporation.
% All rights reserved.
%
% Known Problems:
% Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Local adjustment --- SCCS keyword info
%
% File : postscript_prolog.sgi_92
% Version : 1.2
% Modified: 3/24/93 12:07:15
% Maint. : Jan van der Steen ([email protected])
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Local adjustment --- incorporate the CWI logo definitions
%
% Jan van der Steen
% Fri Sep 11 18:06:30 MET DST 1992
%
%%BeginProcSet: CWIdict.ps
/CWIdict 30 dict def
CWIdict begin

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systemdict /currentcolortransfer known or def

/cwiscale 1.0 def
/cwiR 16#80 255 div def % Silver (808d97)
/cwiG 16#8d 255 div def
/cwiB 16#97 255 div def

/char_I {
%
% Caption character I
% (starting point is lower left corner)
%
0 0 m
30 165 r
47 0 r
-30 -165 r
c f
} def

/char_W {
%
% Caption character W
% (starting point is lower left corner)
%
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40 0 r
35 110 r
0 -110 r
40 0 r
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-50 0 r
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0 98 r
-35 0 r
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c f
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/char_C {
%
% Caption character C
% (starting point is lower right corner)
%
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%
% Inner curve
%
-100 -10 % control 1
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5 40 r
%
% Outer curve
%
-145 185 % control 1
-145 -70 % control 2
0 0 curveto % endpoint
c f
} def

/caption {
%
% Caption has three characters: C, W and I
%
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/lowerside {
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0.00 6 outsidepath % Actually Red
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%
% Shorthands
%
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/CWIlogo {
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S
color false and {
%
% Color devices --- currently disabled
%
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}{
%
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%
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%%EndProcSet
% End Local adjustment
%------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% Set up Color vs. Black-and-White
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systemdict /currentcolortransfer known or def
% Uncomment this line to force b&w on color printer
% /FMPrintInColor false def
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% The readline in 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
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errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put
FrameDict /bug false put
mark
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark
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FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS
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/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
%
% Overrule Letter with A4 paper size --- jansteen
%
/A4 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
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/Legal {legaltray legal} def
/Statement {statementtray statement} def
/Executive {executivetray executive} def
/A3 {a3tray a3} def
%
% Don't waste film on the Compugraphic --- jansteen
%
% /A4 {a4tray a4} def
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/Legal {legal} def
/Statement {statement} def
/Executive {executive} def
/A3 {a3} def
%
% Don't waste film on the Compugraphic --- jansteen
%
% /A4 {a4} def
/A4 {} def
/A4Small {a4small} def
/B4 {b4} def
/B5 {b5} def
/unknown {unknown} def
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FMPrintInColor

{
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% array of arrays Hue and Sat values for the separations [HUE BRIGHT]
/Colors
[[0 0 ] % black
[0 0 ] % white
[0.00 1.0] % red
[0.37 1.0] % green
[0.60 1.0] % blue
[0.50 1.0] % cyan
[0.83 1.0] % magenta
[0.16 1.0] % comment / yellow
] def

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/K {
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{
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% The following commented out code did not work for tangent lines of zero
% length. The code following it was provided by Frame to patch this error.
%
% And then the story continues since the provided bug fix doesn't fix
% things at all :).
% Let's restore the original code and _AGAIN_ apply the patch
% which I already mailed to Frame long time ago btw.
%
% Jan van der Steen ([email protected])
%
/RR {
/rad exch def
normalize
/y2 exch def
/x2 exch def
normalize
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
%
% Avoid bug when rounded boxes are being scaled down
% (when using the thumbnail option) making the sides
% of the rectangle get smaller than twice the radius.
%
% [email protected]
%
x2 x1 sub 2 div abs dup rad lt { /rad exch def }{ pop } ifelse
y2 y1 sub 2 div abs dup rad lt { /rad exch def }{ pop } ifelse
%
% The following test is necessary due to low-resolution devices
% such as screens. This might cause x1-x2 or y1-y2 to become 0
%
newpath
rad 0 ne {
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x1 y2 x2 y2 rad arcto
x2 y2 x2 y1 rad arcto
x2 y1 x1 y1 rad arcto
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400 ms
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is
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w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{ip} image
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW {
1 {} COMMONBITMAP
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY {
8 {} COMMONBITMAP
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/BEGINBITMAP2BIT {
2 {} COMMONBITMAP
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/r exch def
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gsave
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r
/is w d wbytes string def
/cf currentfile def
w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{cf is readhexstring pop} image
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/proc1 FMLOCAL
/proc2 FMLOCAL
/newproc FMLOCAL
/Fmcc {
/proc2 exch cvlit def
/proc1 exch cvlit def
/newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
newproc 0 proc1 putinterval
newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval
newproc cvx
} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
/gryt FMLOCAL
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/redt FMLOCAL
/indx FMLOCAL
/cynu FMLOCAL
/magu FMLOCAL
/yelu FMLOCAL
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/colorsetup {
currentcolortransfer
/gryt exch def
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0 1 255 {
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/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
/k cynu magu min yelu min def
nredt indx 1 0 cynu max sub redt exec put
ngreent indx 1 0 magu max sub grnt exec put
nbluet indx 1 0 yelu max sub blut exec put
ngrayt indx 1 k sub gryt exec put
} for
} bind def
/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
/tran 256 string def
0 1 255 {/indx exch def
tran indx
red indx get 77 mul
green indx get 151 mul
blue indx get 28 mul
add add 256 idiv put} for
currenttransfer
{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
exch Fmcc settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR {
/d 8 def
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/bitmapsave save def
colorsetup
/is w d wbytes string def
/ris w d wbytes string def
/gis w d wbytes string def
/bis w d wbytes string def
/cf currentfile def
w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{cf is readhexstring pop
/tot w 1 sub def
0 1 tot {
/indx exch def
/indxa is indx get def
/placer nredt indxa get def
/placeg ngreent indxa get def
/placeb nbluet indxa get def
ris indx placer 255 mul cvi put
gis indx placeg 255 mul cvi put
bis indx placeb 255 mul cvi put
} for pop ris}
{gis} {bis} true 3 colorimage
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc {
/d 8 def
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/lb w d wbytes def
sl lb lt {lb ms} if
/bitmapsave save def
colorsetup
/is im 0 lb getinterval def
/cris lb string def
/cgis lb string def
/cbis lb string def
ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop
/cf currentfile def
w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{cip} {cgis} {cbis} true 3 colorimage
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLORc {
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/bitmapsave save def

/is w string def

ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop
/cf currentfile def
w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{ip} {gip} {bip} true 3 colorimage
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLOR {
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/bitmapsave save def
/is w string def
/gis w string def
/bis w string def
/cf currentfile def
w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{ cf is readhexstring pop }
{ cf gis readhexstring pop }
{ cf bis readhexstring pop }
true 3 colorimage
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAYc {
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/bitmapsave save def

/is w string def

ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop
/cf currentfile def
w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{ip gip bip w gray} image
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/ww FMLOCAL
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/ww exch def
/b exch def
/g exch def
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0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul
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r
} bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAY {
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/is w string def
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w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{ cf is readhexstring pop
cf gis readhexstring pop
cf bis readhexstring pop w gray} image
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BITMAPGRAY {
8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
} bind def
/BITMAPGRAYc {
8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
} bind def
/ENDBITMAP {
} bind def
end
/ALDsave FMLOCAL
/ALDmatrix matrix def ALDmatrix currentmatrix pop
/StartALD {
/ALDsave save def
savematrix
ALDmatrix setmatrix
} bind def
/InALD {
restorematrix
} bind def
/DoneALD {
ALDsave restore
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%%EndProlog
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595.28 841.89 0 FMBEGINPAGE
70.87 48.19 524.41 62.36 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 9 Q
0 X
(Python for Unix/C Programmers) 70.87 56.36 T
(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (1) 519.92 56.36 S
1 18 Q
(An Introduction to Python for UNIX/C Programmers) 93.68 744.85 T
1 12 Q
(Guido van Rossum) 246.65 700.85 T
2 F
(CWI, P) 181.76 676.85 T
(.O. Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam) 218.19 676.85 T
(Email:) 242.23 656.85 T
([email protected]) 281.55 656.85 T
3 F
(Abstract) 273.32 612.85 T
1 10 Q
-0.06 (Python is an interpreted, object-oriented language suitable for many purposes. It has a) 106.87 594.18 P
0.5 (clear) 106.87 582.18 P
0.5 (, intuitive syntax, powerful high-level data structures, and a \337exible dynamic type) 127.97 582.18 P
-0.04 (system. Python can be used interactively) 106.87 570.18 P
-0.04 (, in stand-alone scripts, for large programs, or) 287.04 570.18 P
2.62 (as an extension language for existing applications. The language runs on UNIX,) 106.87 558.18 P
5.11 (Macintosh, and DOS machines. Source and documentation are available by) 106.87 546.18 P
(anonymous ftp.) 106.87 534.18 T
1.78 (Python is easily extensible through modules written in C or C++, and can also be) 106.87 518.18 P
1.93 (embedded in applications as a library) 106.87 506.18 P
1.93 (. Existing extensions provide access to most) 280.75 506.18 P
0.98 (standard UNIX library functions and system calls \050including processes management,) 106.87 494.18 P
-0.23 (socket and ioctl operations\051, as well as to large packages like X1) 106.87 482.18 P
-0.23 (1/Motif. There are also) 389.11 482.18 P
1.32 (a number of system-speci\336c extensions, e.g. to interface to the Sun and SGI audio) 106.87 470.18 P
(hardware. A large library of standard modules written in Python also exists.) 106.87 458.18 T
0.36 (Compared to C, Python programs are much shorter) 106.87 442.18 P
0.36 (, and consequently much faster to) 336.6 442.18 P
2.05 (write. In comparison with Perl, Python code is easier to read, write and maintain.) 106.87 430.18 P
(Relative to TCL, Python is better suited for larger or more complicated programs.) 106.87 418.18 T
4 12 Q
(1. Intr) 70.87 388.85 T
(oduction) 106.29 388.85 T
0 11 Q
0.33 (Python is a new kind of scripting language, and as most scripting languages it is built around an inter-) 70.87 371.52 P
0.09 (preter) 70.87 358.52 P
0.09 (. Many traditional scripting and interpreted languages have sacri\336ced syntactic clarity to simplify) 95.88 358.52 P
-0.08 (parser construction; consider e.g. the painful syntax needed to calculate the value of simple expressions) 70.87 345.52 P
(like a+b*c in Lisp, Smalltalk or the Bourne shell. Others, e.g. APL and Perl, support arithmetic expres-) 70.87 332.52 T
-0.09 (sions and other conveniences, but have made cryptic one-liners into an art form, turning program main-) 70.87 319.52 P
-0.23 (tenance into a nightmare. Python programs, on the other hand, are neither hard to write nor hard to read,) 70.87 306.52 P
0.74 (and its expressive power is comparable to the languages mentioned above. Y) 70.87 293.52 P
0.74 (et Python is not big: the) 416.01 293.52 P
(entire interpreter \336ts in 200 kilobytes on a Macintosh, and this even includes a windowing interface!) 70.87 280.52 T
0 9 Q
(1) 512.09 284.92 T
0 11 Q
0.64 (Python is used or proposed as an application development language and as an extension language for) 70.87 263.52 P
0.95 (non-expert programmers by several commercial software vendors. It has also been used successfully) 70.87 250.52 P
-0.2 (for several lar) 70.87 237.52 P
-0.2 (ge non-commercial software projects \050one a continent away from the author) 131.28 237.52 P
-0.2 (\325) 463.46 237.52 P
-0.2 (s institute\051. It) 466.52 237.52 P
(is also in use to teach programming concepts to computer science students.) 70.87 224.52 T
1.71 (The language comes with a source debugger \050implemented entirely in Python\051, several windowing) 70.87 207.52 P
2.43 (interfaces \050one portable between platforms\051, a sophisticated GNU Emacs editing mode, complete) 70.87 194.52 P
(source and documentation, and lots of examples and demos.) 70.87 181.52 T
1.47 (This paper does not claim to be a complete description of Python; rather) 70.87 164.52 P
1.47 (, it tries to give a taste of) 405.46 164.52 P
0.51 (Python programming through examples, discusses the construction of extensions to Python, and com-) 70.87 151.52 P
(pares the language to some of its competitors.) 70.87 138.52 T
70.87 112.54 524.41 128.54 C
69.87 120.54 213.87 120.54 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 595.28 841.89 C
0 10 Q
0 X
0 K
(1. Figures for modern UNIX systems are higher because RISC instruction sets and lar) 70.87 105.87 T
(ge libraries tend to cause) 416.28 105.87 T
-0.3 (lar) 70.87 94.87 P
-0.3 (ger binaries. The Macintosh \336gure is actually comparable to that for a CISC processor like the V) 81.23 94.87 P
-0.3 (AX \050remember) 461.74 94.87 P
(those? :-\051) 70.87 83.87 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "1" 2
%%Page: "2" 2
595.28 841.89 0 FMBEGINPAGE
70.87 48.19 524.41 62.36 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 9 Q
0 X
(Python for Unix/C Programmers) 70.87 56.36 T
(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (2) 519.92 56.36 S
4 12 Q
(2. Examples of Python code) 70.87 748.85 T
0 11 Q
0.14 (Let\325) 70.87 731.52 P
0.14 (s have a look at some simple examples of Python code. For clarity) 88.57 731.52 P
0.14 (, reserved words of the language) 380.93 731.52 P
(are printed in bold.) 70.87 718.52 T
(Our \336rst example program lists the current UNIX directory:) 70.87 701.52 T
5 F
(import) 99.21 684.52 T
6 F
( os # operating system interface) 138.76 684.52 T
(names = os.listdir\050\325.\325\051 # get directory contents) 99.21 671.52 T
(names.sort\050\051 # sort the list alphabetically) 99.21 658.52 T
5 F
(for) 99.21 645.52 T
6 F
( n) 118.99 645.52 T
5 F
(in) 138.76 645.52 T
6 F
( names: # loop over the list of names) 151.95 645.52 T
5 F
(if) 125.58 632.52 T
6 F
( n[0] != \325.\325: # select non-hidden names) 138.76 632.52 T
5 F
(print) 151.95 619.52 T
6 F
( n # and print them) 184.91 619.52 T
0 F
0.24 (The Bourne shell script for this is simply \322) 70.87 602.52 P
6 F
0.56 (ls) 260.12 602.52 P
0 F
0.24 (\323, but an equivalent C program would likely require sev-) 273.31 602.52 P
1.13 (eral pages, especially considering the necessity to build and sort an arbitrarily long list of strings of) 70.87 589.52 P
(arbitrary length. Some explanations:) 70.87 576.52 T
(\245) 70.87 559.52 T
0.01 (The) 85.04 559.52 P
5 F
0.02 (import) 104.88 559.52 P
0 F
0.01 ( statement is Python\325) 144.43 559.52 P
0.01 (s \322moral equivalent\323 of C\325) 236.33 559.52 P
0.01 (s) 352.31 559.52 P
6 F
0.02 (#include) 359.34 559.52 P
0 F
0.01 ( statement. Functions and) 412.08 559.52 P
-0.12 (variables de\336ned in an imported) 85.04 546.52 P
7 F
-0.12 (module) 228.76 546.52 P
0 F
-0.12 ( can be referenced by pre\336xing them with the module name.) 261.1 546.52 P
(\245) 70.87 529.52 T
0.2 (V) 85.04 529.52 P
0.2 (ariables in Python are not declared before they are used; instead, assignment to an unde\336ned vari-) 91.75 529.52 P
(able initializes it. \050) 85.04 516.52 T
7 F
(Use) 166.82 516.52 T
0 F
( of an unde\336ned variable is a run-time error however) 183.9 516.52 T
(.\051) 415.48 516.52 T
(\245) 70.87 499.52 T
(Python\325) 85.04 499.52 T
(s) 119.23 499.52 T
5 F
(for) 126.25 499.52 T
0 F
( loop iterates over an arbitrary list.) 146.02 499.52 T
(\245) 70.87 482.52 T
(Python uses indentation for statement grouping \050see also the next example\051.) 85.04 482.52 T
(\245) 70.87 465.52 T
1.48 (The module) 85.04 465.52 P
6 F
3.55 (os) 143.54 465.52 P
0 F
1.48 ( de\336nes many functions that are direct interfaces to UNIX system calls, such as) 156.72 465.52 P
6 F
0.41 (unlink\050\051) 85.04 452.52 P
0 F
0.17 ( and) 137.77 452.52 P
6 F
0.41 (stat\050\051) 159.47 452.52 P
0 F
0.17 (.) 199.02 452.52 P
0.17 (The function used here,) 208.77 452.52 P
6 F
0.41 (os.listdir\050\051) 315.93 452.52 P
0 F
0.17 (, is a higher) 395.03 452.52 P
0.17 (-level interface to) 446.58 452.52 P
(the UNIX calls) 85.04 439.52 T
6 F
(opendir\050\051) 154.3 439.52 T
0 F
(,) 213.62 439.52 T
6 F
( readdir\050\051) 216.37 439.52 T
0 F
( and) 282.29 439.52 T
6 F
(closedir\050\051) 303.64 439.52 T
0 F
(.) 369.56 439.52 T
(\245) 70.87 422.52 T
6 F
0.72 (.sort\050\051) 85.04 422.52 P
0 F
0.3 ( is a) 131.18 422.52 P
7 F
0.3 (method) 152.53 422.52 P
0 F
0.3 ( of list objects. It sorts the list in place \050here in dictionary order since the list) 184.87 422.52 P
(items are strings\051.) 85.04 409.52 T
(And here is a simple program to print the \336rst 100 prime numbers:) 70.87 392.52 T
6 F
(primes = [2] # make a list of prime numbers) 99.21 375.52 T
5 F
(print) 99.21 362.52 T
6 F
( 2 # print the f) 132.17 362.52 T
(irst prime) 395.84 362.52 T
(i = 3 # initialize candidate) 99.21 349.52 T
5 F
(while) 99.21 336.52 T
6 F
( len\050primes\051 < 100: # loop until 100 primes found) 132.17 336.52 T
5 F
(for) 125.58 323.52 T
6 F
( p) 145.35 323.52 T
5 F
(in) 165.13 323.52 T
6 F
( primes: # loop over known primes) 178.31 323.52 T
5 F
(if) 151.95 310.52 T
6 F
( i%p == 0) 165.13 310.52 T
5 F
(or) 231.05 310.52 T
6 F
( p*p > i: # look for possible divisors) 244.23 310.52 T
5 F
(break) 178.31 297.52 T
6 F
( # cancel rest of for loop) 211.27 297.52 T
5 F
(if) 125.58 284.52 T
6 F
( i%p != 0: # is i indeed a prime?) 138.76 284.52 T
( primes.append\050i\051 # add it to the list) 99.21 271.52 T
5 F
(print) 151.95 258.52 T
6 F
( i # and print it) 184.91 258.52 T
( i = i + 2 # consider next candidate) 99.21 245.52 T
0 F
(Some clari\336cations again:) 70.87 228.52 T
(\245) 70.87 211.52 T
0.11 (Python\325) 85.04 211.52 P
0.11 (s expression syntax is similar to that of C; however there are no assignment or pointer oper-) 119.23 211.52 P
(ations, and Boolean operators \050and/or/not\051 are spelled as keywords.) 85.04 198.52 T
(\245) 70.87 181.52 T
-0.12 (The expression) 85.04 181.52 P
6 F
-0.29 ([2]) 154.36 181.52 P
0 F
-0.12 ( is a) 174.14 181.52 P
7 F
-0.12 (list constructor) 194.22 181.52 P
0 F
-0.12 (; it creates a new variable-length list object initially contain-) 260.94 181.52 P
(ing a single item with value 2.) 85.04 168.52 T
(\245) 70.87 151.52 T
6 F
(len\050\051) 85.04 151.52 T
0 F
( is a built-in function returning the length of lists and similar objects \050e.g. strings\051.) 118 151.52 T
(\245) 70.87 134.52 T
6 F
0.88 (.append\050\051) 85.04 134.52 P
0 F
0.37 ( is another list object method; it modi\336es the list in place by appending a new item to) 144.37 134.52 P
(the end.) 85.04 121.52 T
0.38 (Here\325) 70.87 104.52 P
0.38 (s another example, involving some simple I/O. It is intended as a shell interface to a trivial data-) 95.27 104.52 P
0.02 (base of phone numbers maintained in the \336le) 70.87 91.52 P
6 F
0.05 ($HOME/.telbase) 271.19 91.52 P
0 F
0.02 (. Each line is a free format entry; the) 363.47 91.52 P
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "2" 3
%%Page: "3" 3
595.28 841.89 0 FMBEGINPAGE
70.87 48.19 524.41 62.36 R
7 X
0 K
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0 9 Q
0 X
(Python for Unix/C Programmers) 70.87 56.36 T
(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (3) 519.92 56.36 S
0 11 Q
-0.04 (program simply prints the lines that match the command line ar) 70.87 749.52 P
-0.04 (gument\050s\051. The program is thus more or) 349.19 749.52 P
(less equivalent to the Bourne shell script \322) 70.87 736.52 T
6 F
(grep -i "$@" $HOME/.telbase) 256.7 736.52 T
0 F
(\323.) 434.68 736.52 T
5 F
(import) 99.21 719.52 T
6 F
( os, sys, string, regex) 138.76 719.52 T
5 F
(def) 99.21 693.52 T
6 F
( main\050\051:) 118.99 693.52 T
( pattern = string.join\050sys.argv[1:]\051) 99.21 680.52 T
( f) 99.21 667.52 T
(ilename = os.environ[\325HOME\325] + \325/.telbase\325) 132.17 667.52 T
( prog = regex.compile\050pattern, regex.casefold\051) 99.21 654.52 T
( f = open\050f) 99.21 641.52 T
(ilename, \325r\325\051) 191.5 641.52 T
5 F
( while) 99.21 628.52 T
6 F
( 1:) 158.54 628.52 T
( line = f.readline\050\051) 99.21 615.52 T
5 F
( if) 99.21 602.52 T
(not) 171.72 602.52 T
6 F
( line:) 191.5 602.52 T
5 F
(break) 237.64 602.52 T
6 F
( # End of f) 270.6 602.52 T
(ile) 349.7 602.52 T
5 F
( if) 99.21 589.52 T
6 F
( prog.search\050line\051 >= 0:) 165.13 589.52 T
5 F
( print) 99.21 576.52 T
6 F
( string.strip\050line\051) 211.27 576.52 T
(main\050\051) 99.21 550.52 T
0 F
(Some new Python features to be spotted in this example:) 70.87 533.52 T
(\245) 70.87 516.52 T
0.03 (Most code of the program is contained in a) 85.04 516.52 P
7 F
0.03 (function de\336nition) 276.65 516.52 P
0 F
0.03 (. This is a common way of structuring) 356.95 516.52 P
0.81 (lar) 85.04 503.52 P
0.81 (ger Python programs, as it makes it possible to write code in a top-down fashion. The function) 96.43 503.52 P
6 F
(main\050\051) 85.04 490.52 T
0 F
( is run by the call on the last line of the program.) 124.59 490.52 T
(\245) 70.87 473.52 T
0.55 (The expression) 85.04 473.52 P
6 F
1.31 (sys.argv[1:]) 155.7 473.52 P
7 F
0.55 ( slices) 234.8 473.52 P
0 F
0.55 ( the list) 262.5 473.52 P
6 F
1.31 (sys.argv) 299.24 473.52 P
0 F
0.55 (: it returns a new list with the \336rst ele-) 351.97 473.52 P
(ment stripped.) 85.04 460.52 T
(\245) 70.87 443.52 T
(The) 85.04 443.52 T
6 F
(+) 104.87 443.52 T
0 F
( operator applied to strings concatenates its ar) 111.46 443.52 T
(guments.) 312.33 443.52 T
(\245) 70.87 426.52 T
-0.14 (The built-in function) 85.04 426.52 P
6 F
-0.34 (open\050\051) 178.9 426.52 P
0 F
-0.14 ( returns an) 218.45 426.52 P
7 F
-0.14 (open \336le) 267.14 426.52 P
0 F
-0.14 ( object; its ar) 304.53 426.52 P
-0.14 (guments are the same as those for the) 360.96 426.52 P
0.45 (C standard I/O function) 85.04 413.52 P
6 F
1.09 (fopen\050\051) 193.65 413.52 P
0 F
0.45 (. Open \336le objects have several methods for I/O operations, e.g.) 239.79 413.52 P
-0.15 (the) 85.04 400.52 P
6 F
-0.37 (.readline\050\051) 101.06 400.52 P
0 F
-0.15 ( method reads the next line from the \336le \050including the trailing) 173.57 400.52 P
6 F
-0.37 (\325\134n\325) 448.79 400.52 P
0 F
-0.15 ( character\051.) 475.16 400.52 P
(\245) 70.87 383.52 T
-0.23 (Python has no Boolean data type. Extending C\325) 85.04 383.52 P
-0.23 (s use of integers for Booleans, any object can be used) 291.52 383.52 P
0.71 (as a truth value. For numbers, non-zero is true; for lists, strings and so on, values with a non-zero) 85.04 370.52 P
(length are true.) 85.04 357.52 T
0.2 (This program also begins to show some of the power of the standard and built-in modules provided by) 70.87 340.52 P
(Python:) 70.87 327.52 T
(\245) 70.87 310.52 T
0.36 (W) 85.04 310.52 P
0.36 (e\325ve already met the) 94.53 310.52 P
6 F
0.88 (os) 188.12 310.52 P
0 F
0.36 ( module. The variable) 201.3 310.52 P
6 F
0.88 (os.environ) 301.92 310.52 P
0 F
0.36 ( is a) 367.84 310.52 P
7 F
0.36 (dictionary) 389.38 310.52 P
0 F
0.36 ( \050an aggregate value) 434.55 310.52 P
(indexed by arbitrary values, in this case strings\051 providing access to UNIX environment variables.) 85.04 297.52 T
(\245) 70.87 280.52 T
0.57 (The module) 85.04 280.52 P
6 F
1.37 (sys) 141.72 280.52 P
0 F
0.57 ( collects a number of useful variables and functions through which a Python pro-) 161.49 280.52 P
2.02 (gram can interact with the Python interpreter and its surroundings; e.g.) 85.04 267.52 P
6 F
4.85 (sys.argv) 420.64 267.52 P
0 F
2.02 ( contains a) 473.38 267.52 P
(script\325) 85.04 254.52 T
(s command line ar) 112.5 254.52 T
(guments.) 193.17 254.52 T
(\245) 70.87 237.52 T
4.92 (The) 85.04 237.52 P
6 F
11.8 (string) 109.79 237.52 P
0 F
4.92 ( module de\336nes a number of additional string manipulation functions; e.g.) 149.34 237.52 P
6 F
2.68 (string.join\050\051) 85.04 224.52 P
0 F
1.12 ( concatenates a list of strings with spaces between them;) 170.73 224.52 P
6 F
2.68 (string.strip\050\051) 432.12 224.52 P
0 F
(removes leading and trailing whitespace.) 85.04 211.52 T
(\245) 70.87 194.52 T
-0.01 (The) 85.04 194.52 P
6 F
-0.03 (regex) 104.86 194.52 P
0 F
-0.01 ( module de\336nes an interface to the GNU Emacs regular expression library) 137.82 194.52 P
-0.01 (. The function) 462.5 194.52 P
6 F
1.34 (regex.compile\050\051) 85.04 181.52 P
0 F
0.56 ( takes a pattern and returns a compiled regular expression object; this object) 183.92 181.52 P
1.55 (has a method) 85.04 168.52 P
6 F
3.72 (.search\050\051) 150.41 168.52 P
0 F
1.55 ( returning the position where the \336rst match is found. The ar) 209.74 168.52 P
1.55 (gument) 491.45 168.52 P
6 F
1.8 (regex.casefold) 85.04 155.52 P
0 F
0.75 ( passed to) 177.32 155.52 P
6 F
1.8 (regex.compile\050\051) 225.65 155.52 P
0 F
0.75 ( is a magic value which causes the search to) 324.53 155.52 P
(ignore case dif) 85.04 142.52 T
(ferences.) 149.52 142.52 T
1.06 (The next example is an introduction to using X1) 70.87 125.52 P
1.06 (1/Motif from Python; it uses two optional \050and still) 291.32 125.52 P
2.01 (somewhat experimental\051 modules that together provide access to many features of the Motif GUI) 70.87 112.52 P
(toolkit. An equivalent C program would be several pages long...) 70.87 99.52 T
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(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (4) 519.92 56.36 S
5 11 Q
(import) 99.21 749.52 T
6 F
( sys # Python system interface) 138.76 749.52 T
5 F
(import) 99.21 736.52 T
6 F
( Xt # X toolkit intrinsics) 138.76 736.52 T
5 F
(import) 99.21 723.52 T
6 F
( Xm # Motif) 138.76 723.52 T
5 F
(def) 99.21 697.52 T
6 F
( main\050\051:) 118.99 697.52 T
( toplevel = Xt.Initialize\050\051) 99.21 684.52 T
( button = toplevel.CreateManagedWidget\050\325button\325,) 99.21 671.52 T
( Xm.PushButton, {}\051) 99.21 658.52 T
( button.labelString = \325Push me\325) 99.21 645.52 T
( button.AddCallback\050\325activateCallback\325, button_pushed, 0\051) 99.21 632.52 T
( toplevel.RealizeWidget\050\051) 99.21 619.52 T
( Xt.MainLoop\050\051) 99.21 606.52 T
5 F
(def) 99.21 580.52 T
6 F
( button_pushed\050widget, client_data, call_data\051:) 118.99 580.52 T
( sys.exit\0500\051) 99.21 567.52 T
(main\050\051 # Call the main function) 99.21 541.52 T
0 F
(The program displays a button and quits when it is pressed. Just a few things to note about it:) 70.87 524.52 T
(\245) 70.87 507.52 T
-0.22 (X toolkit intrinsics functions that have a widget \336rst ar) 85.04 507.52 P
-0.22 (gument in C are mapped to methods of) 322.98 507.52 P
7 F
-0.22 (widget) 495.11 507.52 P
0 F
(objects \050here,) 85.04 494.52 T
6 F
(toplevel) 146.97 494.52 T
0 F
( and) 199.7 494.52 T
6 F
(button) 221.06 494.52 T
0 F
(\051 in Python.) 260.61 494.52 T
(\245) 70.87 477.52 T
-0.26 (Most calls to) 85.04 477.52 P
6 F
-0.61 (XtSetValues\050\051) 143.79 477.52 P
0 F
-0.26 ( and) 229.48 477.52 P
6 F
-0.61 (XtGetValues\050\051) 250.32 477.52 P
0 F
-0.26 ( in C can be replaced to assignments or ref-) 336.02 477.52 P
(erences to widget attributes \050e.g.) 85.04 464.52 T
6 F
(button.labelString) 230.57 464.52 T
0 F
(\051 in Python.) 349.23 464.52 T
0.29 (Much Python code takes the form of modules containing one or more class de\336nitions. Here is a \050triv-) 70.87 447.52 P
(ial\051 class de\336nition:) 70.87 434.52 T
5 F
(class) 99.21 417.52 T
6 F
( Counter:) 132.17 417.52 T
5 F
(def) 125.58 404.52 T
6 F
( __init__\050self\051: # constructor) 145.35 404.52 T
( self.value = 0) 99.21 391.52 T
5 F
(def) 125.58 378.52 T
6 F
( show\050self\051:) 145.35 378.52 T
5 F
(print) 151.95 365.52 T
6 F
( self.value) 184.91 365.52 T
5 F
(def) 125.58 352.52 T
6 F
( incr\050self, amount\051:) 145.35 352.52 T
( self.value = self.value + amount) 99.21 339.52 T
0 F
(Assuming this class de\336nition is contained in module) 70.87 322.52 T
6 F
(Cnt) 308.3 322.52 T
0 F
(, a simple test program for it could be:) 328.08 322.52 T
5 F
(import) 99.21 305.52 T
6 F
( Cnt) 138.76 305.52 T
(my_counter = Cnt.Counter\050\051 # constructor) 99.21 292.52 T
(my_counter.show\050\051) 99.21 279.52 T
(my_counter.incr\05014\051) 99.21 266.52 T
(my_counter.show\050\051) 99.21 253.52 T
4 12 Q
(3. Extending Python using C or C++) 70.87 223.85 T
0 11 Q
0.58 (It is quite easy to add new built-in modules \050a.k.a.) 70.87 206.52 P
7 F
0.58 (extension modules) 299.13 206.52 P
0 F
0.58 (\051 written in C to Python. If your) 380.57 206.52 P
0.05 (Python binary supports dynamic loading \050a compile-time option for at least SGI and Sun systems\051, you) 70.87 193.52 P
0.35 (don\325) 70.87 180.52 P
0.35 (t even need to build a new Python binary: you can simply drop the object \336le in a directory along) 90.81 180.52 P
0.52 (Python\325) 70.87 167.52 P
0.52 (s module search path and it will be loaded by the \336rst) 105.06 167.52 P
6 F
1.24 (import) 348.65 167.52 P
0 F
0.52 ( statement that references it. If) 388.2 167.52 P
0.63 (dynamic loading is not available, you will have to add some lines to the Python Make\336le and build a) 70.87 154.52 P
(new Python binary incorporating the new module.) 70.87 141.52 T
0.46 (The example below is written in C, but C++ can also be used. This is most useful when the extension) 70.87 124.52 P
0.56 (must interface to existing code \050e.g. a library\051 written in C++. For this to work, it must be possible to) 70.87 111.52 P
0.03 (call C functions from C++ and to generate C++ functions that can be called from C. Most C++ compil-) 70.87 98.52 P
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(Python for Unix/C Programmers) 70.87 56.36 T
(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (5) 519.92 56.36 S
0 11 Q
0.04 (ers nowadays support this through the) 70.87 749.52 P
6 F
0.1 (extern) 240.77 749.52 P
0.1 ("C") 283.11 749.52 P
0 F
0.04 ( mechanism. \050There may be restrictions on the use) 302.88 749.52 P
(of statically allocated objects with constructors or destructors.\051) 70.87 736.52 T
0.18 (The simplest form of extension module just de\336nes a number of functions. This is also the most useful) 70.87 719.52 P
0.66 (kind, since most extensions are really \322wrappers\323 around libraries written for use from C. Extensions) 70.87 706.52 P
0.66 (can also easily de\336ne constants. De\336ning your own \050opaque\051 data types is possible but requires more) 70.87 693.52 P
(knowledge about internals of the Python interpreter) 70.87 680.52 T
(.) 296.67 680.52 T
2.06 (The following is a complete module which provides an interface to the UNIX C library function) 70.87 663.52 P
7 F
0.73 (system) 70.87 650.52 P
0 F
0.73 (\0503\051. T) 100.16 650.52 P
0.73 (o add another function, you add a de\336nition similar to that for) 125.14 650.52 P
6 F
1.76 (demo_system\050\051) 408.27 650.52 P
0 F
0.73 (, and a) 493.96 650.52 P
0.45 (line for it to the initializer for) 70.87 637.52 P
6 F
1.08 (demo_methods) 205.53 637.52 P
0 F
0.45 (. The run-time support functions) 284.63 637.52 P
6 F
1.08 (Py_ParseArgs\050\051) 432.12 637.52 P
0 F
0.88 (and) 70.87 624.52 P
6 F
2.12 (Py_BuildValue\050\051) 90.36 624.52 P
0 F
0.88 ( can be instructed to convert a variety of C data types to and from Python) 189.24 624.52 P
(types.) 70.87 611.52 T
0 9 Q
(1) 96.81 615.92 T
6 11 Q
(/* File "demomodule.c" */) 99.21 594.52 T
(#include <stdlib.h>) 99.21 568.52 T
(#include <Py/Python.h>) 99.21 555.52 T
(static PyObject *demo_system\050self, args\051) 99.21 529.52 T
( PyObject *self, *args;) 99.21 516.52 T
({) 99.21 503.52 T
( char *command;) 99.21 490.52 T
( int sts;) 99.21 477.52 T
( if \050!Py_ParseArgs\050args, "s", &command\051\051) 99.21 464.52 T
( return NULL; /* Wrong argument list - not one string */) 99.21 451.52 T
( sts = system\050command\051;) 99.21 438.52 T
( return Py_BuildValue\050"i", sts\051; /* Return an integer */) 99.21 425.52 T
(}) 99.21 412.52 T
(static PyMethodDef demo_methods[] = {) 99.21 386.52 T
( {"system", demo_system},) 99.21 373.52 T
( {NULL, NULL} /* Sentinel */) 99.21 360.52 T
(};) 99.21 347.52 T
(void PyInit_demo\050\051) 99.21 321.52 T
({) 99.21 308.52 T
( \050void\051 Py_InitModule\050"demo", demo_methods\051;) 99.21 295.52 T
(}) 99.21 282.52 T
4 12 Q
(4. Comparing Python to other languages) 70.87 252.85 T
0 11 Q
-0.2 (This section compares Python to some other languages that can be seen as its competitors or precursors.) 70.87 235.52 P
1.19 (Three of the most well-known languages in this category are reviewed at some length, and a list of) 70.87 222.52 P
(other in\337uences is given as well.) 70.87 209.52 T
4 F
(4.1. C) 70.87 184.52 T
0 F
0.81 (One of the design rules for Python has always been to beg, borrow or steal whatever features I liked) 70.87 167.52 P
0.58 (from existing languages, and even though the design of C is far from ideal, its in\337uence on Python is) 70.87 154.52 P
0.01 (considerable. For instance, C\325) 70.87 141.52 P
0.01 (s de\336nitions of literals, identi\336ers and operators and its expression syntax) 201.79 141.52 P
3.88 (have been copied almost verbatim. Other areas where C has in\337uenced Python: the) 70.87 128.52 P
6 F
9.32 (break) 488.7 128.52 P
0 F
3.88 (,) 521.66 128.52 P
70.87 101.54 524.41 117.54 C
69.87 109.54 213.87 109.54 2 L
0.25 H
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0 0 595.28 841.89 C
0 10 Q
0 X
0 K
(1. In the current release, the run-time support functions and types have dif) 70.87 94.87 T
(ferent names. In version 1.0, they will) 369.07 94.87 T
(be changed to those shown here in order to avoid namespace clashes with other libraries.) 70.87 83.87 T
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(Python for Unix/C Programmers) 70.87 56.36 T
(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (6) 519.92 56.36 S
6 11 Q
-0.47 (continue) 70.87 749.52 P
0 F
-0.19 ( and) 123.6 749.52 P
6 F
-0.47 (return) 144.57 749.52 P
0 F
-0.19 ( statements; the semantics of mixed mode arithmetic \050e.g. 1/3 is 0, but 1/3.0 is) 184.12 749.52 P
-0.08 (0.333333333333\051; the use of zero as a base for all indexing operations; the use of zero and non-zero for) 70.87 736.52 P
-0.05 (false and true. \050A more \322high-level\323 in\337uence of C on Python is also distinguishable: the willingness to) 70.87 723.52 P
0.2 (compromise the \322purity\323 of the language in favor of pragmatic solutions for real-world problems. This) 70.87 710.52 P
(is a big dif) 70.87 697.52 T
(ference with ABC [Geurts], in many ways Python\325) 117.36 697.52 T
(s direct predecessor) 340.11 697.52 T
(.\051) 426.14 697.52 T
0.12 (On the other hand, the average Python program looks nothing like the average C program: there are no) 70.87 680.52 P
0.73 (curly braces, fewer parentheses, and absolutely no declarations \050but more colons :-\051. Python does not) 70.87 667.52 P
3.2 (have an equivalent of the C preprocessor; the) 70.87 654.52 P
6 F
7.68 (import) 297.85 654.52 P
0 F
3.2 ( statement is a perfect replacement for) 337.4 654.52 P
6 F
(#include) 70.87 641.52 T
0 F
(, and instead of) 123.6 641.52 T
6 F
(#def) 193.47 641.52 T
(ine) 219.84 641.52 T
0 F
( one uses functions and variables.) 239.62 641.52 T
1.39 (Because Python has no pointer data types, many common C \322idioms\323 do not translate directly into) 70.87 624.52 P
0.46 (Python. In fact, much C code simply vanishes into a single operation on Python\325) 70.87 611.52 P
0.46 (s more powerful data) 429.96 611.52 P
(types, e.g. string operations, data copying, and table or list management.) 70.87 598.52 T
0.18 (Since all built-in operations are coded in C, well-written Python programs often suf) 70.87 581.52 P
0.18 (fer remarkably few) 439.87 581.52 P
0.94 (speed penalties compared to the same code written out in C. Sometimes Python even outperforms C) 70.87 568.52 P
0.71 (because all Python dictionary lookup uses a sophisticated hashing technique instead, where a simple-) 70.87 555.52 P
(minded C program might use an algorithm that is easier to code but less ef) 70.87 542.52 T
(\336cient.) 397.79 542.52 T
-0.11 (Surely) 70.87 525.52 P
-0.11 (, there are also areas where Python code will be clumsier or much slower than equivalent C code.) 98.84 525.52 P
0.65 (This is especially the case with tight loops over the elements of a lar) 70.87 512.52 P
0.65 (ge array that can\325) 379.12 512.52 P
0.65 (t be mapped to) 457.45 512.52 P
-0.12 (built-in operations. Also, lar) 70.87 499.52 P
-0.12 (ge numbers of calls to functions containing small amounts of code will suf-) 194.5 499.52 P
1.04 (fer a performance penalty) 70.87 486.52 P
1.04 (. And of course, scripts that run for a very short time may suf) 186.45 486.52 P
1.04 (fer an initial) 468.62 486.52 P
(delay while the interpreter is loaded and the script is parsed.) 70.87 473.52 T
1.1 (Beginning Python programmers should be aware of the alternatives available in Python to code that) 70.87 456.52 P
-0.1 (will run slow when translated literally from C; there\325) 70.87 443.52 P
-0.1 (s nothing like a regular look at some demo or stan-) 302.01 443.52 P
(dard modules to get the right \322feeling\323 \050unless you happen to be a co-worker of the author :-\051.) 70.87 430.52 T
0.99 (In summary) 70.87 413.52 P
0.99 (, on modern-day machines, where a programmer) 123.93 413.52 P
0.99 (\325) 343.81 413.52 P
0.99 (s time is often more at a premium than) 346.86 413.52 P
0.41 (CPU cycles or memory space, it is often worth while to write an application \050or at least lar) 70.87 400.52 P
0.41 (ge portions) 474.87 400.52 P
(thereof\051 in Python instead of in C.) 70.87 387.52 T
4 F
(4.2. Perl) 70.87 362.52 T
0 F
0.46 (A well-known scripting language is Perl [W) 70.87 345.52 P
0.46 (all]. It has some similarities with Python: powerful string,) 266.82 345.52 P
-0.18 (list and dictionary data types, access to high- and low-level I/O and other system calls, syntax borrowed) 70.87 332.52 P
0.24 (from C as well as other sources. Like Python, Perl is suited for small scripts or one-time programming) 70.87 319.52 P
0.69 (tasks as well as for lar) 70.87 306.52 P
0.69 (ger programs. It is also extensible with code written in C \050use as an embedded) 171.46 306.52 P
(language is not envisioned though\051.) 70.87 293.52 T
0.68 (Unlike Python, Perl has support for regular expression matching and formatted output built right into) 70.87 276.52 P
-0.26 (the core of the language. Perl\325) 70.87 263.52 P
-0.26 (s type system is less powerful than Python\325) 201.35 263.52 P
-0.26 (s, e.g. lists and dictionaries can) 389.02 263.52 P
0.95 (only contain strings and integers as elements. Perl pre\336xes variable names with special characters to) 70.87 250.52 P
-0.11 (indicate their type, e.g. \322$foo\323 is a simple \050string or integer\051 variable, while \322@foo\323 is an array) 70.87 237.52 P
-0.11 (. Combi-) 485.45 237.52 P
-0.03 (nations of special characters are also used to invoke a host of built-in operations, e.g. \322$.\323 is the current) 70.87 224.52 P
(input line number) 70.87 211.52 T
(.) 148.39 211.52 T
0.26 (In Perl, references to unde\336ned variables generally yield a default value, e.g. zero. This is often touted) 70.87 194.52 P
0.54 (as a convenience, however it means that misspellings can cause nasty bugs in lar) 70.87 181.52 P
0.54 (ger programs \050this is) 432.18 181.52 P
(\322solved\323 by an interpreter option to complain about variables set only once and never used\051.) 70.87 168.52 T
0.31 (Experienced Perl programmers often frown at Python: there is no built-in syntax for the use of regular) 70.87 151.52 P
0.41 (expressions, the language seems verbose, there is no implied loop over standard input, and the lack of) 70.87 138.52 P
0.63 (operators with assignment side ef) 70.87 125.52 P
0.63 (fects in Python may require several lines of code to replace a single) 220.27 125.52 P
(Perl expression.) 70.87 112.52 T
0.2 (However) 70.87 95.52 P
0.2 (, it takes a lot of time to gain suf) 110.69 95.52 P
0.2 (\336cient Perl experience to be able to write ef) 254.47 95.52 P
0.2 (fective Perl code,) 447.44 95.52 P
-0.02 (and considerably more to be able to read code written by someone else! On the contrary) 70.87 82.52 P
-0.02 (, getting started) 456.4 82.52 P
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(Python for Unix/C Programmers) 70.87 56.36 T
(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (7) 519.92 56.36 S
0 11 Q
-0.08 (with Python is easy because there is a lot less \322magic\323 to learn, and its relative verbosity makes reading) 70.87 749.52 P
(Python code much easier) 70.87 736.52 T
(.) 180.41 736.52 T
0.1 (There is lots of Perl code around using horrible \322tricks\323 or \322hacks\323 to work around missing features \321) 70.87 719.52 P
1.03 (e.g. Perl doesn\325) 70.87 706.52 P
1.03 (t have general pointer variables, but it is possibly to create recursive or cyclical data) 141.08 706.52 P
1.03 (structures nevertheless; the code which does this looks contrived, and Perl programmers often try to) 70.87 693.52 P
1.08 (avoid using recursive data structures even when a problem naturally lends itself to their use \050if they) 70.87 680.52 P
(were available\051.) 70.87 667.52 T
1.06 (In summary) 70.87 650.52 P
1.06 (, Perl is probably more suitable for relatively small scripts, where a lar) 124 650.52 P
1.06 (ge fraction of the) 445.88 650.52 P
1.04 (code is concerned with regular expression matching and/or output formatting. Python wins for more) 70.87 637.52 P
(traditional programming tasks that require more structure for the program and its data.) 70.87 624.52 T
4 F
(4.3. TCL) 70.87 599.52 T
0 F
-0.13 (TCL [Ousterhout] is another extensible, interpreted language. TCL \050T) 70.87 582.52 P
-0.13 (ool Command Language\051 is espe-) 376.63 582.52 P
0.68 (cially designed to be easy to embed in applications, although a stand-alone interpreter \050) 70.87 569.52 P
7 F
0.68 (tcsh) 462.93 569.52 P
0 F
0.68 (, the TCL) 480.63 569.52 P
-0.2 (shell\051 also exists. An important feature of TCL is the availability of) 70.87 556.52 P
7 F
-0.2 (tk) 367.17 556.52 P
0 F
-0.2 (, an X1) 375.1 556.52 P
-0.2 (1-based GUI toolkit whose) 406.32 556.52 P
(behavior can be controlled by TCL programs.) 70.87 543.52 T
1.36 (TCL) 70.87 526.52 P
1.36 (\325) 90.61 526.52 P
1.36 (s power is its extreme simplicity: all statements have the form) 93.66 526.52 P
7 F
1.36 (keywor) 383.61 526.52 P
1.36 (d ar) 414.93 526.52 P
1.36 (gument ar) 433.9 526.52 P
1.36 (gument ...) 479.71 526.52 P
0 F
0.57 (Quoting and substitution mechanisms similar to those used by the Bourne shell provide the necessary) 70.87 513.52 P
0.03 (expressiveness. However) 70.87 500.52 P
0.03 (, this simplicity is also its weakness when it is necessary to write lar) 181.51 500.52 P
0.03 (ger pieces) 480.15 500.52 P
0.26 (of code in TCL: since all data types are represented as strings, manipulating lists or even numeric data) 70.87 487.52 P
0.01 (can be cumbersome, and loops over long lists tend to be slow) 70.87 474.52 P
0.01 (. Also the syntax, with its abundant use of) 340.01 474.52 P
0.35 (various quote characters and curly braces, becomes a nuisance when writing \050or reading!\051 lar) 70.87 461.52 P
0.35 (ge pieces) 483.48 461.52 P
-0.04 (of TCL code. On the other hand, when used as intended, as an embedded language used to send control) 70.87 448.52 P
0.5 (messages to applications \050like tk\051, TCL) 70.87 435.52 P
0.5 (\325) 245.06 435.52 P
0.5 (s lack of speed and sophisticated data types are not much of a) 248.11 435.52 P
(problem.) 70.87 422.52 T
1.36 (Summarizing, TCL) 70.87 405.52 P
1.36 (\325) 156.67 405.52 P
1.36 (s application scope is more restricted than Python: TCL should be used only as) 159.73 405.52 P
(directed.) 70.87 392.52 T
4 F
(4.4. Other in\337uences) 70.87 367.52 T
0 F
(Here is an \050incomplete\051 list of \322lesser known\323 languages that have in\337uenced Python:) 70.87 350.52 T
(\245) 70.87 333.52 T
-0.04 (ABC was one of the greatest in\337uences on Python: it provided the use of indentation, the concept of) 85.04 333.52 P
-0.04 (high-level data types, their implementation using reference counting, and the whole idea of an inter-) 85.04 320.52 P
0.61 (preted language with an elegant syntax. Python goes beyond ABC in its object-oriented nature, its) 85.04 307.52 P
0.75 (use of modules, its exception mechanism, and its extensibility) 85.04 294.52 P
0.75 (, at the cost of only a little elegance) 362.51 294.52 P
(\050Python was once summarized as \322ABC for hackers\323 :-\051.) 85.04 281.52 T
(\245) 70.87 264.52 T
0.29 (Modula-3 provided modules and exceptions \050both the) 85.04 264.52 P
6 F
0.7 (import) 325.41 264.52 P
0 F
0.29 ( and the) 364.96 264.52 P
6 F
0.7 (try) 403.37 264.52 P
0 F
0.29 ( statement syntax were) 423.15 264.52 P
0.99 (borrowed almost unchanged\051, and suggested viewing method calls as syntactic sugar for function) 85.04 251.52 P
(calls.) 85.04 238.52 T
(\245) 70.87 221.52 T
(Icon provided the slicing operations.) 85.04 221.52 T
(\245) 70.87 204.52 T
(C++ provided the constructor and destructor functions and user) 85.04 204.52 T
(-de\336ned operators.) 363.28 204.52 T
(\245) 70.87 187.52 T
(Smalltalk provided the notions of classes as \336rst-class citizens and run-time type checking.) 85.04 187.52 T
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595.28 841.89 0 FMBEGINPAGE
70.87 48.19 524.41 62.36 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 9 Q
0 X
(Python for Unix/C Programmers) 70.87 56.36 T
(Copyright 1993 Guido van Rossum) 233.72 56.36 T
0 (8) 519.92 56.36 S
4 12 Q
(5. A) 70.87 748.85 T
(vailability) 93.63 748.85 T
0 11 Q
0.37 (The Python source and documentation are freely available by ftp. It compiles and runs on most UNIX) 70.87 731.52 P
0.43 (systems, Macintosh, and PCs and compatibles. For Macs and PCs, pre-built executables are available.) 70.87 718.52 P
(The following information should be suf) 70.87 705.52 T
(\336cient to access the ftp archive:) 249.18 705.52 T
6 F
(Host: ftp.cwi.nl \050IP number: 192.16.184.180\051) 99.21 688.52 T
(Login: anonymous) 99.21 675.52 T
(Password: \050your email address\051) 99.21 662.52 T
(Transfer mode: binary) 99.21 649.52 T
(Directory: /pub/python) 99.21 636.52 T
(Files: python0.9.9.tar.Z \050source, includes LaTeX docs\051) 99.21 623.52 T
( pythondoc-ps0.9.9.tar.Z \050docs in PostScript\051) 99.21 610.52 T
( MacPython0.9.9.hqx \050Mac binary\051) 99.21 597.52 T
( python.exe.Z \050DOS binary\051) 99.21 584.52 T
0 F
1.09 (The \3220.9.9\323 in the \336lenames may be replaced by a more recent version number by the time you are) 70.87 567.52 P
(reading this. Fetch the \336le INDEX for an up-to-date description of the directory contents.) 70.87 554.52 T
-0.08 (The 0.9.9 release of Python is also available on the CD-ROM pressed by the NLUUG for its November) 70.87 537.52 P
0.41 (1993 conference. The next release will be labeled 1.0 and will be posted to a) 70.87 524.52 P
6 F
0.97 (comp.sources) 415.92 524.52 P
0 F
0.41 ( news-) 495.02 524.52 P
(group before the end of 1993.) 70.87 511.52 T
0.13 (The source code for the STDWIN window interface is not included in the Python source tree. It can be) 70.87 494.52 P
(ftp\325ed from the same host, directory) 70.87 481.52 T
6 F
(/pub/stdwin) 231.66 481.52 T
0 F
(, \336le) 304.17 481.52 T
6 F
(stdwin0.9.8.tar.Z) 326.45 481.52 T
0 F
(.) 438.51 481.52 T
4 12 Q
(6. Refer) 70.87 451.85 T
(ences) 114.27 451.85 T
0 11 Q
([Geurts]) 70.87 434.52 T
1.89 (Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens and Steven Pemberton, \322ABC Programmer) 141.73 434.52 P
1.89 (\325) 484.99 434.52 P
1.89 (s Hand-) 488.04 434.52 P
(book\323, Prentice-Hall, London, 1990.) 141.73 421.52 T
([W) 70.87 404.52 T
(all]) 84.02 404.52 T
-0.17 (Larry W) 141.73 404.52 P
-0.17 (all and Randall L. Schwartz, \322Programming perl\323, O\325Reilly & Associates, Inc.,) 178.21 404.52 P
(1990-1992.) 141.73 391.52 T
([Ousterhout]) 70.87 374.52 T
(John Ousterhout, \322An Introduction to T) 141.73 374.52 T
(cl and Tk\323, Addison W) 314.9 374.52 T
(esley) 416.24 374.52 T
(, 1993.) 438.1 374.52 T
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