. highlightlang:: none

. _history-and-license:

*******************
History and License
*******************


History of the software
=======================

Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl/) in the Netherlands as a
successor of a language called ABC.  Guido remains Python's principal author,
although it includes many contributions from others.

In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for National
Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/) in Reston,
Virginia where he released several versions of the software.

In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to BeOpen.com to
form the BeOpen PythonLabs team.  In October of the same year, the PythonLabs
team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope Corporation; see
http://www.zope.com/).  In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see
http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization created
specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.  Zope Corporation is a
sponsoring member of the PSF.

All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org/ for the Open
Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have also
been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes the various releases.

+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| Release        | Derived from | Year      | Owner      | GPL compatible? |
+================+==============+===========+============+=================+
| 0.9.0 thru 1.2 | n/a          | 1991-1995 | CWI        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 1.3 thru 1.5.2 | 1.2          | 1995-1999 | CNRI       | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 1.6            | 1.5.2        | 2000      | CNRI       | no              |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.0            | 1.6          | 2000      | BeOpen.com | no              |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 1.6.1          | 1.6          | 2001      | CNRI       | no              |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.1            | 2.0+1.6.1    | 2001      | PSF        | no              |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.0.1          | 2.0+1.6.1    | 2001      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.1.1          | 2.1+2.0.1    | 2001      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.2            | 2.1.1        | 2001      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.1.2          | 2.1.1        | 2002      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.1.3          | 2.1.2        | 2002      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.2.1          | 2.2          | 2002      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.2.2          | 2.2.1        | 2002      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.2.3          | 2.2.2        | 2002-2003 | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.3            | 2.2.2        | 2002-2003 | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.3.1          | 2.3          | 2002-2003 | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.3.2          | 2.3.1        | 2003      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.3.3          | 2.3.2        | 2003      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.3.4          | 2.3.3        | 2004      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.3.5          | 2.3.4        | 2005      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.4            | 2.3          | 2004      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.4.1          | 2.4          | 2005      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.4.2          | 2.4.1        | 2005      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.4.3          | 2.4.2        | 2006      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.4.4          | 2.4.3        | 2006      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.5            | 2.4          | 2006      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.5.1          | 2.5          | 2007      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+
| 2.6            | 2.5          | 2008      | PSF        | yes             |
+----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+

. note::

  GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under the GPL.  All
  Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute a modified version without
  making your changes open source. The GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to
  combine Python with other software that is released under the GPL; the others
  don't.

Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's direction to
make these releases possible.


Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python
============================================================


. centered:: PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON |release|

#. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation ("PSF"), and
  the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python
  |release| software in source or binary form and its associated documentation.

#. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
  grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
  analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
  distribute, and otherwise use Python |release| alone or in any derivative
  version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of
  copyright, i.e., "Copyright © 2001-2008 Python Software Foundation; All Rights
  Reserved" are retained in Python |release| alone or in any derivative version
  prepared by Licensee.

#. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or
  incorporates Python |release| or any part thereof, and wants to make the
  derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby
  agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python
  |release|.

#. PSF is making Python |release| available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.
  PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF
  EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR
  WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE
  USE OF PYTHON |release| WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

#. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON |release|
  FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF
  MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON |release|, OR ANY DERIVATIVE
  THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

#. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of
  its terms and conditions.

#. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship
  of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee.  This License
  Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a
  trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
  third party.

#. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python |release|, Licensee agrees
  to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.


. centered:: BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0


. centered:: BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1

#. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an office at
  160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the Individual or Organization
  ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using this software in source or binary
  form and its associated documentation ("the Software").

#. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License Agreement,
  BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license
  to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative
  works, distribute, and otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative
  version, provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the
  Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.

#. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.
  BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF
  EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR
  WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE
  USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

#. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR
  ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING,
  MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF
  ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

#. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of
  its terms and conditions.

#. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects
  by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of law provisions.
  Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of
  agency, partnership, or joint venture between BeOpen and Licensee.  This License
  Agreement does not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a
  trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
  third party.  As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at
  http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the permissions
  granted on that web page.

#. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee agrees to be
  bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.


. centered:: CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1

#. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research
  Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191
  ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
  otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its
  associated documentation.

#. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby
  grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
  analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
  distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version,
  provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright,
  i.e., "Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All
  Rights Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version
  prepared by Licensee.  Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement,
  Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): "Python 1.6.1
  is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's License
  Agreement.  This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the
  Internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle):
  1895.22/1013.  This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the
  Internet using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013."

#. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or
  incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative
  work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to
  include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.

#. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.  CNRI
  MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE,
  BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY
  OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF
  PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

#. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 1.6.1 FOR
  ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF
  MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE
  THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

#. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of
  its terms and conditions.

#. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal intellectual property
  law of the United States, including without limitation the federal copyright
  law, and, to the extent such U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the
  Commonwealth of Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based on Python
  1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was previously distributed
  under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of
  Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only as to issues arising under or
  with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement.  Nothing in
  this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency,
  partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee.  This License Agreement
  does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark
  sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third
  party.

#. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, installing
  or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and
  conditions of this License Agreement.


. centered:: ACCEPT


. centered:: CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2

Copyright © 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.  All rights reserved.

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that
the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that
the name of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or
publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
prior permission.

STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO
EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,
DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
SOFTWARE.


Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software
=======================================================

This section is an incomplete, but growing list of licenses and acknowledgements
for third-party software incorporated in the Python distribution.


Mersenne Twister
----------------

The :mod:`_random` module includes code based on a download from
http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/ matumoto/MT2002/emt19937ar.html. The following are
the verbatim comments from the original code::

  A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26.
  Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.

  Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)
  or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).

  Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
  All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  are met:

   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

   3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
      products derived from this software without specific prior written
      permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
  CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


  Any feedback is very welcome.
  http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/matumoto/emt.html
  email: [email protected]


Sockets
-------

The :mod:`socket` module uses the functions, :func:`getaddrinfo`, and
:func:`getnameinfo`, which are coded in separate source files from the WIDE
Project, http://www.wide.ad.jp/. ::

  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
  All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  are met:
  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
     may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     without specific prior written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  GAI_ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  FOR GAI_ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON GAI_ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN GAI_ANY WAY
  OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  SUCH DAMAGE.


Floating point exception control
--------------------------------

The source for the :mod:`fpectl` module includes the following notice::

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
   /                       Copyright (c) 1996.                           \
  |          The Regents of the University of California.                 |
  |                        All rights reserved.                           |
  |                                                                       |
  |   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for   |
  |   any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this en-   |
  |   tire notice is included in all copies of any software which is or   |
  |   includes  a  copy  or  modification  of  this software and in all   |
  |   copies of the supporting documentation for such software.           |
  |                                                                       |
  |   This  work was produced at the University of California, Lawrence   |
  |   Livermore National Laboratory under  contract  no.  W-7405-ENG-48   |
  |   between  the  U.S.  Department  of  Energy and The Regents of the   |
  |   University of California for the operation of UC LLNL.              |
  |                                                                       |
  |                              DISCLAIMER                               |
  |                                                                       |
  |   This  software was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an   |
  |   agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States   |
  |   Government  nor the University of California nor any of their em-   |
  |   ployees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or  assumes  any   |
  |   liability  or  responsibility  for the accuracy, completeness, or   |
  |   usefulness of any information,  apparatus,  product,  or  process   |
  |   disclosed,   or  represents  that  its  use  would  not  infringe   |
  |   privately-owned rights. Reference herein to any specific  commer-   |
  |   cial  products,  process,  or  service  by trade name, trademark,   |
  |   manufacturer, or otherwise, does not  necessarily  constitute  or   |
  |   imply  its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United   |
  |   States Government or the University of California. The views  and   |
  |   opinions  of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or   |
  |   reflect those of the United States Government or  the  University   |
  |   of  California,  and shall not be used for advertising or product   |
   \  endorsement purposes.                                              /
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------


MD5 message digest algorithm
----------------------------

The source code for the :mod:`md5` module contains the following notice::

    Copyright (C) 1999, 2002 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.

    This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
    warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
    arising from the use of this software.

    Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
    including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
    freely, subject to the following restrictions:

    1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
       claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
       in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
       appreciated but is not required.
    2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
       misrepresented as being the original software.
    3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

    L. Peter Deutsch
    [email protected]

    Independent implementation of MD5 (RFC 1321).

    This code implements the MD5 Algorithm defined in RFC 1321, whose
    text is available at
       http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt
    The code is derived from the text of the RFC, including the test suite
    (section A.5) but excluding the rest of Appendix A.  It does not include
    any code or documentation that is identified in the RFC as being
    copyrighted.

    The original and principal author of md5.h is L. Peter Deutsch
    <[email protected]>.  Other authors are noted in the change history
    that follows (in reverse chronological order):

    2002-04-13 lpd Removed support for non-ANSI compilers; removed
       references to Ghostscript; clarified derivation from RFC 1321;
       now handles byte order either statically or dynamically.
    1999-11-04 lpd Edited comments slightly for automatic TOC extraction.
    1999-10-18 lpd Fixed typo in header comment (ansi2knr rather than md5);
       added conditionalization for C++ compilation from Martin
       Purschke <[email protected]>.
    1999-05-03 lpd Original version.


Asynchronous socket services
----------------------------

The :mod:`asynchat` and :mod:`asyncore` modules contain the following notice::

  Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing

                          All Rights Reserved

  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
  its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
  granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
  copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
  notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam
  Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
  distribution of the software without specific, written prior
  permission.

  SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
  NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
  CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Cookie management
-----------------

The :mod:`Cookie` module contains the following notice::

  Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley <[email protected]>

                 All Rights Reserved

  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
  and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
  granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
  copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
  notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
  Timothy O'Malley  not be used in advertising or publicity
  pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
  prior permission.

  Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
  SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
  AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR
  ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
  ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
  PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Profiling
---------

The :mod:`profile` and :mod:`pstats` modules contain the following notice::

  Copyright 1994, by InfoSeek Corporation, all rights reserved.
  Written by James Roskind

  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software
  and its associated documentation for any purpose (subject to the
  restriction in the following sentence) without fee is hereby granted,
  provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and
  that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
  supporting documentation, and that the name of InfoSeek not be used in
  advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
  without specific, written prior permission.  This permission is
  explicitly restricted to the copying and modification of the software
  to remain in Python, compiled Python, or other languages (such as C)
  wherein the modified or derived code is exclusively imported into a
  Python module.

  INFOSEEK CORPORATION DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
  SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
  FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INFOSEEK CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY
  SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER
  RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
  CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
  CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Execution tracing
-----------------

The :mod:`trace` module contains the following notice::

  portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...
  err...  reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the
  Python 2.2 license.
  Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx
  http://zooko.com/
  mailto:[email protected]

  Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.
  Author: Skip Montanaro

  Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.
  Author: Andrew Dalke

  Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.
  Author: Skip Montanaro

  Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.


  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and
  its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby
  granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,
  and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
  supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,
  Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
  distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.


UUencode and UUdecode functions
-------------------------------

The :mod:`uu` module contains the following notice::

  Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse
  Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.
                         All Rights Reserved
  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
  documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
  provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
  both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
  supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse
  not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
  of the software without specific, written prior permission.
  LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
  THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
  FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE
  FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
  OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

  Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:
  - Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion
    between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C
    version is still 5 times faster, though.
  - Arguments more compliant with python standard


XML Remote Procedure Calls
--------------------------

The :mod:`xmlrpclib` module contains the following notice::

      The XML-RPC client interface is

  Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
  Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh

  By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
  associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
  and will comply with the following terms and conditions:

  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
  its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
  hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
  all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
  notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
  Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
  pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
  prior permission.

  SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
  TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
  ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
  BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
  DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
  ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
  OF THIS SOFTWARE.


test_epoll
----------

The :mod:`test_epoll` contains the following notice::

 Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 the following conditions:

 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Select kqueue
-------------

The :mod:`select` and contains the following notice for the kqueue interface::

 Copyright (c) 2000 Doug White, 2006 James Knight, 2007 Christian Heimes
 All rights reserved.

 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 are met:
 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 SUCH DAMAGE.