[ 30 July 1997
The Linux X Notebook mini-HOWTO is not being maintained by the author
any more. If you are interested in maintaining the X Notebook mini-HOWTO,
please get in touch with me at <
[email protected]>. ]
===============================================================================
====== ============
====== XFree86 3.1 and WD90C24 Notebook Video Chipset mini-HOWTO ============
====== ============
===============================================================================
author: Darin Ernst (
[email protected],
[email protected])
version: 0.96 8/10/95
first version: 1/95
For more info and updates, see the WEB site
http://www.castle.net/~darin
Applicability:
This version of the HOWTO applies to XFree86 3.1.2 and earlier.
New versions will be available for new versions of XFree86
when necessary.
Acknowledgement:
Thanks to all those who have emailed me and posted messages on
this topic! It is now possible run X-Windows on notebook computers
and take full advantage of the hardware (at least at 8 bits
per pixel).
Purpose:
This document gives instructions for configuring XFree86
on notebooks with the WD90C24 family chipsets. It also describes
known bugs and workarounds if available. The content comes
from communication with other users and my participation in the
development of the new WD90C24 driver.
Special Note:
A driver developed specifically for the WD90C24 is available for
the first time in XFree86 release 3.1.2 (released around July 31).
The sections of this HOWTO are labelled according to whether or
not they apply to:
(OLD) 3.1.1 and earlier; and
(NEW) 3.1.2 and later.
Most of the FAQ on workarounds for old problems is now obsolete,
but instructions are provided for taking advantage of new features in
XFree86 3.1.2 in the (NEW) sections.
Copyright D. Ernst, 1995:
Permission to redistribute this file *UNCHANGED* is granted for
non-commercial use only. No permission is granted for the use of this
file in sales promotions or for purposes of profit. In addition, any
translations, derivative, or aggregate works that make use of information
in this file must contain this copyright notice and be accompanied by this
file unchanged.
All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating this
document must be covered under this copyright notice. That is, you may not
produce a derivative work from this document and impose additional
restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted
under certain circumstances only by written permission of the author.
If this copyright notice is not included with translations, derivative works,
or aggregate works, then no permission to use information in this file is
granted for any purpose. Permission is granted for the redistribution of
this file in whole and complete distributions of the Linux operating system
provided it remains unchanged. Commercial entities wishing to redistribute
this file or the information contained in it for any other purpose must
obtain the written permission of its author. Any translations, derivative
works, or aggregate works must be submitted to the author for approval.
All derivative works must also contain the words: "Information provided
by the "X-Notebook mini-HOWTO", copyright D. Ernst, 1995.
Frequently asked questions:
1) Does XFree86 have a driver for the WD90C24[A,A2] available?
Yes, but only in release 3.1.2 and later. Prior to this, we used
the driver for the wd90c31 chip to fake it, with a lot of problems
that are described below.
The long-awaited support for the WD90C24 has been added to the pvga1 driver
in the XF86_SVGA server by Brad Bosch, during July, 1995. Extensive testing
during the developement and suggestions were provided by D. Ernst. The
new server has full support, including programmable clocks, and solves
most, if not all of the problems mentioned here for the old server.
The new server was released around July 31, 1995 in version 3.1.2 of of
XFree86. It is capable of 1152x900 interlaced as well as 1024x768
non-interlaced VESA at 72Hz refresh, automatically utilizing the
full 1MB of VRAM. It also provides users with the ability to program
the dotclocks. The new driver does not support 16bpp, however, which
is possible at low resolutions. Someone is working on this.
The following is an excerpt from the file /usr/lib/X11/doc/README.WstDig
that describes the new driver (sections written by B. Bosch and D. Ernst):
New WD90C24 features
These next three sections apply only if you have a WD90C24, WD90C24a,
or WD90C24a2 and don't specify some other chipset in your XF86Config
file. The SVGA pvga1 driver now recognizes the wd90c24 family as
different from the WD90C30 and seems to resolve most of the problems
people encountered when these chips were treated as WD90C3X. The new
code has the following features:
o Locks the shadow registers at appropriate times; This should
prevent scrambled displays after exiting X with dual scan
screens when simultaneous or LCD display mode is selected. The
code does depend somewhat on the behavior of the BIOS regarding
when it locks the shadow registers, etc.
o Allows (forces) the use of a full 1 Meg VRAM for dual scan
systems when the server is started while external CRT only
display is in operation. This allows 1024x768x8 resolution.
o If the XF86Config file specifies a virtual screen size which
requires more than 512 K VRAM when the server is started on a
Dual Scan LCD, the driver will force the virtual size to
640x480. This eliminates the need to edit the XF86Config file
when you switch from 1024x resolution on the CRT, to or from the
LCD screen. If no virtual size is specified, the result will be
800x600 virtual in LCD modes and 1024x768 in CRT only mode (so
you have a choice).
o Note that on dual scan systems, you must still exit X, switch
displays, and restart X to change to/from CRT only with 1 Meg
videoram. This is because once the server starts, you can't
change the virtual screen size. There is no way around this
with the current server and the WD90C24 with dual scan displays.
The WD90C24 requires half the videoram be used for a ``Frame
buffer'' when the dual scan LCD is in use.
o The new server uses the accelerated features of the WD90C24a.
It is not clear from the data book if the WD90C24 also supports
ALL the required features. Several people have stated that the
WD90C24 is not accelerated, but the differences section of the
WD90c24a data book implies that they ARE all three accelerated.
The differences documented with regard to acceleration are with
the type of line drawing the hardware does; Only the newer chips
support the type of line drawing that MS windows wants. This
may be what has caused the confusion since the accelerated
windows drivers may only support the WD90c24a chips. If this
turns out to be a problem with the WD90C24, acceleration can be
disabled by adding the line:
Option "noaccel"
to the Device section of the XF86Config file.
o Although the new server does not support programmable clocks in
the same way as some of the other servers, 8 of the 17 clocks
may be set to (almost) any value via the Clocks line. It also
supports options for adjusting the VRAM clock.
2)(OLD) How can I use the XF86_SVGA server under XFree 86 3.1.1 and earlier?
Most of us fake it by selecting the WD90C31 (or 30) accelerated chipset
using the XF86_SVGA server. X -probeonly detects the WD90C24, but
this is not implemented with accelerated features in XFree86 3.1.1. and
earlier. The WD90C24A and A2 are sort of compatible with the WD90C31.
(NEW & OLD)
Most notebooks of 1994 use the WD90C24A2 with 1mb of video ram on the
local bus, and are capable of 1024x768x256 colors at 60Hz refresh
under Windows 3.1. Some implementations are capable of 65k colors at
640x480 using the Western Digital windows driver wd2464_h.drv provided
on an OEM disk. I maintain a list of notebooks and their video
chipsets on the WEB page above.
Other very common chipsets not covered here are the Cirrus Logic 6440,
which is now fully supported by XFree86 3.1.1, and the
Chips and Technologies 65545, which appears in most Pentium
notebooks, especially those using the PCI bus. This chip is
partially supported with non-accelerated drivers (for the 65540).
There are mixed reports on the net about the extent of this support.
Many of the problems reported seem to be similar to those discussed
here. The CLGD7542 that is now appearing (i.e. TI5000M) seems to be
compatible with the CLGD6235.
3)(OLD) Why do I only see 512k of VRAM?
A problem persists with the implementations of dual scan displays,
as well as with simultaneous display. Despite the fact that Windows 3.1
is able to use the full 1mb of video RAM to display externally
at 1024x768x256 colors, XF86_SVGA cannot, since it cannot use more
than 512k of the available 1024k. The best one can do on an external
monitor with the current XF86_SVGA server is 800x600x256.
However, workarounds exist for certain notebooks, such as the Twinhead 5
series and IBM Thinkpads.
The problem is that 512k is what 'X -probeonly' detects. If you try
to hand-enter 1024k, you will get duplicate images on the upper and
lower halves of the screen. Others have reported that the Western
Digital databook seems to confirm that half the memory (one
256kx16bit bank) is reserved for a "frame buffer" when a 16 bit
dual-panel color STN display is used OR when simultaneous display mode
is selected.
Comparisons on active and passive versions of the AST Ascentia
made by swapping hard drives (
[email protected] Evan Wagner)
confirm that the 512k problem does not occur on the active
matrix implementation.
I observed that other things change (such as dotclocks) when
the external display is selected alone, as opposed to simultaneous
or internal display on my Twinhead 5100S (dual scan, A2 chip).
The Twinhead 5100 (aka Twinhead Slimnote 5, HP Omnibook 4000C,
Sharp PC-8700/8900, Altima Virage II) is capable of using the full
1mb of memory after one runs a DOS program called "CHGVRAM.EXE", which
is available from the Twinhead BBS. This program was written by
Ferdy Kuo of Twinhead Corp., and is copyrighted. The code is only
available from the Twinhead BBS as an executable, and makes
many BIOS calls that are specific to the Twinhead Slimnote 5 series
machine. Please call Twinhead if you don't have the BBS number.
This program will only work with the Twinhead family of machines.
To use this program for Linux/X, boot DOS. Then hit alt-F5 until
the display is set to external-only. Then run CHGVRAM.EXE, which
will display a message something like "Video RAM changed to 1 MB".
Next, boot linux using the Linux Loader, lodlin15, which comes
in the /root directory of Slackware 2.1.0. The command is
simply "c:\> linux". Linux will then boot normally. Then
use "startx" to start X-Windows. The full 1mb of video RAM
will be used by XFree86. I stick this all into a batch file
called "linux.bat".
Possible idea (haven't tried this yet): Run CHGVRAM.EXE from
a dosemu session within linux.
**** Fixes for the IBM Thinkpad
(this is does not work on other notebooks ) ****
Michael Steiner has written a c program that runs under Linux and
allows one to set the video RAM of the WD90C24 family to either
512k or 1024k.
/* T P D U A L S C A N . C
Author: Michael Steiner
<
[email protected]> <
[email protected]>
http://www.zurich.ibm.com/pub/sti/www/info.html
This program allows you to set videoram for dualscan equipped thinkpads
(at least for the 750Cs but probably also for others) to allow running
XFree86 without patching it. (normally you got all twice if the upper 512K
of videoram are not disabled)
*/
Michael also makes available (on his web page) a patched XF86_SVGA
server.
4)(OLD) How can I make my LCD screen sync correctly on starting/exiting X?
There is a bug that results in scrambled virtual consoles upon
exiting X. The cure for this is to reset the video modes in some way.
Many notebooks have a hot-key for lcd, crt, or simultaneous display.
Cycling this hot-key restores the virtual consoles. For others,
close and open the cover, or suspend/resume. This problem does
not occur when using the external display.
5)(OLD) How can I fix the weird patches-of-black problem?
There is a problem using white window backgrounds. When windows
are scrolled with white bg, the scrolled part goes into reverse
video. The cure for this is not to use white backgrounds. Off-whites
are fine. This can be set as a default for all users in
/var/X11R6/lib/xinit/.Xresources with the following line (i.e., for xterm):
XTerm*Background: snow
6)(NEW & OLD) Should I configure X on the internal or external monitor first?
The dotclocks are different as detected by X-probeonly when the
lcd is selected versus when the crt is selected as the display. I
suggest using an external monitor while configuring X so that
all the necessary dotclocks appear. If you can't find an external
monitor, don't worry. Just pretend you have one by selecting
external-only display. Otherwise, you will get 17 basically identical
clocks that are useful only for 640x480. Do this with the
monitor turned off to avoid damage.
7)(NEW & OLD) My screen looks ok except for these funny little patterns...
The lcd display looks different depending on whether or not
simultaneous display is turned on (waves, flicker, dim, patterns). The
fix is to fiddle with the modeline. The XF86Config below works
correctly. Note the first clock is used for the LCD.
8) How do I set up XF86Config (see examples at end of this file)?
(NEW version)
aa) read /usr/lib/X11/doc/README.Config, VideoModes.doc (optional)
a) Select XF86_SVGA server with WD90C24 chipset.
b) Select "generic monitor" with the 25 Mhz dotclock and the
standard 640x480 VESA modeline. Begin with a video
bandwidth around 30 Mhz.
c) X -probeonly >& /tmp/x.out with external monitor selected, but
turned off.
d) Edit XF86Config and paste in the 17 dotclocks found in /tmp/x.out
put one of the 25-28 Mhz dotclocks in place of the first
number in the VESA 640x480 modeline. This should work
for the LCD display to give 640x480x256. Now select the LCD
display (using a hot-key). If you have an 800x600 LCD
display, the clock that is probably need is likely to be
the first clock with a value around 36. Try the
800x600@56Hz NI VESA modeline first.
e) Go to step (c). Repeat, this time pasting in the HorizSync
frequency or the VertRefresh frequency. Go to step
(c) again and repeat until both of these and the bandwidth
are filled in.
f) Now the LCD display should work.
g) To configure the external monitor, decide which dotclocks
you want by first picking the resolution and looking over
the standard VESA modelines. The new server allows you
to program certain dotclocks, so this gives you almost
infinite flexibility in setting up modelines.
The new server recognizes that you have 1024k of VRAM
when you are using either an active matrix LCD or
the external monitor. If you are using simultaneous display
or a dual-scan LCD alone, then only 512k of VRAM can
be used. This is inherent in the hardware design.
From /usr/lib/X11/doc/README.WstDig sections by B. Bosch and D. Ernst:
Special considerations
All of the Western Digital chipsets after the PVGA1 support the
ability to use the memory-refresh clock as an alternate dot-clock for
video timing. Hence for all of these chipsets, the server will detect
one more clocks than ``normal''. What this means is that if you have
an old `Clocks' line in your XF86Config file, you should comment it
out, and rerun the server with the `-probeonly' option to find all of
the clock values. All but the last should be the same as what you had
before; the last will be new.
The server will detect 17 clocks for the WD90C24, WD90C30 and WD90C31
chipsets. If you have one of these chipsets, you should let the
server re-probe the clocks and update your XF86Config.
There is an `Option' flag available for the XF86Config file that is
specific to the Western Digital chipsets (except the WD90C24). This
option is "swap_hibit".
WD90C24 clocks
Here are some more details on the adjustable clocks:
The VRAM clock (Mclk) is adjusted by adding ONE of the following
option lines to the Device section of the XF86Config:
Option "slow_dram" # Set Mclk to 47.429 MHz
Option "med_dram" # Set Mclk to 49.219 MHz
Option "fast_dram" # Set Mclk to 55.035 MHz
The default is to leave Mclk as the BIOS sets it. This is 44.297 on
many systems. Some systems may not work properly with any of these
options. If you experience ``bit errors'' on your display, reduce the
Mclk speed, or don't use any of these options. The Mclk is not reset
on server exit.
The data book says that the maximum pixel clock is 1.6 times Mclk so
you may want to experiment with higher Mclk rates if you have a fast
monitor. It also says a 44.297MHz Mclk and 65MHz pixel clock is the
fastest the WD90C24A2 is designed to go. However, some success has
been reported with faster clocks. Don't expect all the clocks the
chip can provide to work properly.
The second and fourth group of 4 clocks are adjustable. That is,
clocks 5, 6, 7, 8 and 13, 14, 15, 16 (counting from 1). These clocks
are set by the Clocks line. Be sure to adjust the 17th (last) clock
to match your Mclk. Here is a sample set of clocks lines with some
clocks defined which are not directly provided by the chip. The NON-
programmable clocks (1-4 and 9-12) MUST be set as indicated here.
Clocks 25.175 28.322 65 36 # These are *not* programmable
Clocks 29.979 77.408 62.195 59.957 # these are programmable
Clocks 31.5 35.501 75.166 50.114 # these are *not* programmable
Clocks 39.822 72.038 44.744 80.092 # these are programmable
Clocks 44.297 # Change this if you change
# Mclk above.
You can program the clocks in increments of .447443 MHz. The server
will warn you and adjust to the nearest increment if you specify a
clock which does not fit this formula. Clocks 1-4 and 9-12 (the fixed
clocks) are not constrained to this multiple, but instead are used to
provide standard clocks which are not a multiple by .447443 MHz.
If you probe for clocks (for example to find your Mclk), do it in CRT
only mode and then add clocks lines in your XF86Config file. Clocks
will not probe correctly in LCD mode on most systems.
The BIOS on some systems may not allow switching from CRT to LCD
unless the correct clock and/or mode is used. Try the following mode
line for 640x480 LCD displays.
ModeLine "640x480" 25.175 640 664 760 800 480 491 493 525 #CRT/LCD
The following modelines have been tested with the above Clocks lines
on some systems, and are provided here as examples. Some testers have
experienced minor problems (snow) with the fixed 65 and 75.166 MHz dot
clocks. The modelines below have been reported to circumvent these
problems. This is has fixed in post-3.1.2 versions of the pvga1
driver.
Do not assume your monitor will not be damaged by any of these.
# VESA 800x600@72Hz Non-Interlaced mode
Mode "800x600.50"
DotClock 50
HTimings 800 856 976 1040
VTimings 600 637 643 666
Flags +hsync +vsync
EndMode
# 1024x768 Interlaced mode
Mode "1024x768i"
DotClock 45
HTimings 1024 1048 1208
VTimings 1264 768 776 784 817
Flags +hsync +vsync Interlace
EndMode
# 1024x768@60Hz Non-interlaced Mode
# One of the dram options may be necessary
Mode "1024x768.65"
DotClock 65
HTimings 1024 1032 1176
VTimings 1344 768 771 777 806
Flags -hsync -vsync
EndMode
# 1024x768@60Hz Non-Interlaced mode (non-standard dot-clock)
# Seems to work without dram options
Mode "1024x768.62"
DotClock 62
HTimings 1024 1064 1240 1280
VTimings 768 774 776 808
EndMode
# 1024x768@70Hz Non-Interlaced mode (non-standard dot-clock)
# May need fast_dram option
Mode "1024x768.72"
DotClock 72
HTimings 1024 1056 1192 1280
VTimings 768 770 776 806
Flags -hsync -vsync
EndMode
end /usr/lib/X11/README.WstDig
The following mode works well (provided by Nick Sayer):
Mode "1152x900i"
DotClock 65
HTimings 1152 1200 1296 1496
VTimings 900 905 916 950
Flags Interlace
EndMode
h) When programming the clocks: If you experience snow with a
particular modeline, try decreasing the clock by a small
amount, leaving the other settings unchanged. Certain
clocks, such as the fixed 65 and 75 MHz clocks, sometimes
give snow due to a minor bug in the new server. The fix
for this is to duplicate the problematic fixed clock
with a nearby programmable one. This problem has been
fixed and will not be propagated to future releases
of XFree86.
i) Send me info on new things you find and post it to newsgroups
so I can develop this mini-HOWTO further.
(OLD version)
If you are using the XF86Config below, you should comment out
the sections for 3.1.2 and later as described in the file.
Then follow these instructions to reprobe the clocks.
aa) read /usr/lib/X11/doc/README.Config, VideoModes.doc (optional)
a) Select XF86_SVGA server with WD90C31 chipset.
b) Select "generic monitor" with the 25 Mhz dotclock and the
standard 640x480 VESA modeline. Begin with a video
bandwidth around 30 Mhz.
c) X -probeonly >& /tmp/x.out with external monitor selected, but
turned off.
d) Edit XF86Config and paste in the 17 dotclocks found in /tmp/x.out
put one of the 25-28 Mhz dotclocks in place of the first
number in the VESA 640x480 modeline. This should work
for the LCD display to give 640x480x256. Now select the lcd
display.
e) Go to step (c). Repeat, this time pasting in the HorizSync
frequency or the VertRefresh frequency. Go to step
(c) again and repeat until both of these and the bandwidth
are filled in.
f) Now the lcd display should work.
g) To configure the external monitor, start with the standard
VESA modelines that match the dotclocks you have. I got
four basic dotclocks with a lot of nearby duplicates:
28.32 => 640x480 @63 Hz NI VESA
36.00 => 800x600 @56 Hz NI VESA
44.26 => 1024x768i @43.5 Hz Interlaced
64.97 => 1024x768 @60 Hz NI VESA
Of course, one cannot achieve the 1024 modes because without a
workaround, as one can only use 512k of video ram of the available
1024k VRAM as discussed above.
I think it is possible to get an 800x600 mode with very high
refresh rate. This depends on your monitor.
With the pre-Bosch version of the server, it is not possible to
achieve better than 60Hz refresh rate at 1024x768 NI. As the flicker
is noticeable, the 1024x768i (interlaced) mode often looks nicer than
the NI mode.
h) Send me info on new things you find and post it to newsgroups
so I can develop this mini-HOWTO.
9) How do I get more info?
Useful web sites and addresses
This mini-HOWTO (latest version) and other links on
the WD90C24 family:
http://www.castle.net/~darin
Western Digital Web Site - for phone number for databooks
http://www.wdc.com/
IBM Thinkpad video patches
http://www.zurich.ibm.com/pub/sti/www/info.html
(seem to have disappeared - but I have some
where this HOWTO is stored)
Twinhead Computer Corp. 1-800-995-8946
to ask for BBS # (if you have a Twinhead, Sharp, Altima, HP)
As a shortcut to configuration, look into the program vgaset. This allows
you to optimize the timings for each monitor interactively and dynamically
within X.
Darin Ernst
[email protected]
[email protected]
#===========================================================================
#/usr/lib/X11/XF86Config for XFree86 3.1.2 and later (NEW)
#===========================================================================
#
# Copyright (c) 1994 by The XFree86 Project, Inc.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
# THE XFREE86 PROJECT BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF
# OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#
# Except as contained in this notice, the name of the XFree86 Project shall
# not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other
# dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from the
# XFree86 Project.
#
#
########################################################################
#### This XF86Config is for XFree86 3.1.2 and later. To use it ####
#### with a previous version of XFree86, follow the instructions ####
#### that appear within the comments. Do not expect it to work ####
#### as is with older version of XFree86. ####
#### ####
#### --- This is version 0.9, August 11, 1995 ---- ####
#### ####
#### This release provides full support for the WD90C24[A,A2] ####
#### driving 8-bit dual scan LCD screens and/or external monitors. ####
#### Updated versions of this file may be found on the ####
#### home page ####
####
http://www.castle.net/~darin ####
#### In addition, see the ####
#### "Linux, X, and the WD90C24A2 Chipset mini-HOWTO" ####
#### (aka "X-Notebook mini_HOWTO") ####
#### ####
#### The settings in this file were chosen for use with a dual scan ####
#### LCD display. The external monitor was a multisync one with ####
#### a bandwidth of 100 MHz. ####
#### ####
#### The settings for the LCD screen in this file ####
#### should be fairly universal and should work with most ####
#### notebook computers using the WD90C24 family chipsets. ####
#### ####
#### For more information, see the file ####
#### /usr/lib/X11/doc/README.WstDig ####
#### in the XFree86 3.1.2 and later releases. ####
#### ####
#### Copyright D. Ernst, 1995: ####
#### Permission to redistribute this file *UNCHANGED* is granted ####
#### for non-commercial use only. No permission is granted for ####
#### the use of this file in sales promotions or for purposes of ####
#### profit. In addition, any other files that make use of ####
#### information in this file must contain this and the above ####
#### copyright notice and be accompanied by this file unchanged. ####
#### All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works ####
#### incorporating this document must be covered under this ####
#### copyright notice. That is, you may not produce a derivative ####
#### work from this document and impose additional restrictions on ####
#### its distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted ####
#### under certain circumstances only by written permission of the ####
#### author. ####
#### ####
#### If this copyright notice is not included with translations, ####
#### derivative work, or aggregate works, then no permission to use####
#### information in this file is granted for any purpose. ####
#### Permission is granted for the redistribution of this file in ####
#### complete distributions of the Linux operating system provided ####
#### it remains unchanged. Commercial entities wishing to ####
#### redistribute this file or the information contained in it ####
#### must obtain the prior written permission of its author unless ####
#### the file remains unchanged and is distributed as part of a ####
#### complete Linux distribution. Derivative works or translations ####
#### must be submitted to the author for approval. ####
#### ####
#### All derivative works or translations must also contain the ####
#### words: "Information provided in whole or in part by the ####
#### "X-Notebook mini-HOWTO", copyright D. Ernst, 1995. ####
#### ####
#### ####
#### WARNING: Do not assume these settings fall within your ####
#### external monitor's bandwidth. Some monitors, esp. fixed ####
#### freq. ones, may be damaged by these settings. We cannot be ####
#### held responsible for any damages whatsoever that may occur ####
#### directly or indirectly from the use of this information. ####
#### In addition, caution is prudent when using high dotclock ####
#### frequencies and fast vram clocks. No guarantees are made ####
#### or implied. It is possible to exceed the design specifications####
#### of the video subsystem or displays by using these settings. ####
#### ####
########################################################################
#
# **********************************************************************
# Refer to the XF86Config(4/5) man page for details about the format of
# this file. This man page is installed as /usr/X11R6/man/man5/XF86Config.5x
# **********************************************************************
# **********************************************************************
# Files section. This allows default font and rgb paths to be set
# **********************************************************************
Section "Files"
RgbPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb"
# Multiple FontPath entries are allowed (which are concatenated together),
# as well as specifying multiple comma-separated entries in one FontPath
# command (or a combination of both methods)
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/"
EndSection
# **********************************************************************
# Server flags section.
# **********************************************************************
Section "ServerFlags"
# Uncomment this to cause a core dump at the spot where a signal is
# received. This may leave the console in an unusable state, but may
# provide a better stack trace in the core dump to aid in debugging
# NoTrapSignals
# Uncomment this to disable the <Crtl><Alt><BS> server abort sequence
# DontZap
EndSection
# **********************************************************************
# Input devices
# **********************************************************************
# **********************************************************************
# Keyboard section
# **********************************************************************
Section "Keyboard"
Protocol "Standard"
# when using XQUEUE, comment out the above line, and uncomment the
# following line
# Protocol "Xqueue"
AutoRepeat 500 5
ServerNumLock
# Specifiy which keyboard LEDs can be user-controlled (eg, with xset(1))
# Xleds 1 2 3
# To set the LeftAlt to Meta, RightAlt key to ModeShift,
# RightCtl key to Compose, and ScrollLock key to ModeLock:
# LeftAlt Meta
# RightAlt ModeShift
# RightCtl Compose
# ScrollLock ModeLock
EndSection
# **********************************************************************
# Pointer section
# **********************************************************************
Section "Pointer"
Protocol "PS/2"
Device "/dev/mouse"
# When using XQUEUE, comment out the above two lines, and uncomment
# the following line.
# Protocol "Xqueue"
# Baudrate and SampleRate are only for some Logitech mice
# BaudRate 9600
# SampleRate 150
# Emulate3Buttons is an option for 2-button Microsoft mice
Emulate3Buttons
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice
# ChordMiddle
EndSection
# **********************************************************************
# Monitor section
# **********************************************************************
# Any number of monitor sections may be present
Section "Monitor" # first section for LCD alone
# (not used; here FYI)
Identifier "LCD Screen"
VendorName "Sharp"
ModelName "Unknown"
Bandwidth 40 # changed from 29
HorizSync 35.36 # X -probeonly says
VertRefresh 67.36 # X -probeonly says
# ModeLine "640x480" 25.175 640 664 760 800 480 491 493 525
Mode "640x480"
DotClock 25.175 # The dual scan LCD uses the first clock
HTimings 640 664 760 800
VTimings 480 491 493 525
EndMode
EndSection # monitor 1
Section "Monitor" # 2nd monitor section for both LCD/CRT
Identifier "CRT&LCD"
VendorName "MAG"
ModelName "DX17F"
Bandwidth 75 # changed; 100 from DX17F manual
HorizSync 30-64 # multisync; also from DX17F manual
VertRefresh 50-100 # multisync; also from DX17F manual
# Modelines =========================================================
# This constitutes a fairly complete set of Modelines that are as
# close to VESA as possible.
#
# A generic VGA 640x480 mode (hsync = 31.5kHz, refresh = 60Hz)
# use for CRT/LCD simultultaneous display
Mode "640x480"
DotClock 25.175
HTimings 640 664 760 800
VTimings 480 491 493 525
EndMode
# A generic VGA 640x480 mode (hsync = 31.5kHz, refresh = 60Hz)
# use for LCD alone, but above mode works fine
Mode "640x480.28"
DotClock 28.32
HTimings 640 680 720 864
VTimings 480 488 491 521
EndMode
# VESA 800x600@56Hz Non-Interlaced mode
# noticeable flicker; use mode below for best 800x600
Mode "800x600.36"
DotClock 36
HTimings 800 824 896 1024
VTimings 600 601 603 625
EndMode
# VESA 800x600@72Hz Non-Interlaced mode
# no flicker
Mode "800x600.50"
DotClock 50
HTimings 800 856 976 1040
VTimings 600 637 643 666
Flags +hsync +vsync
EndMode
# 1024x768 Interlaced mode
# no flicker and clear but interlaced character shows
Mode "1024x768i"
DotClock 45
HTimings 1024 1048 1208 1264
VTimings 768 776 784 817
Flags +hsync +vsync Interlace
EndMode
# 1024x768@60Hz Non-interlaced Mode
# has snow problem with default MClk (use mode below)
Mode "1024x768.65"
DotClock 65.1
HTimings 1024 1032 1176 1344
VTimings 768 771 777 806
Flags -hsync -vsync
EndMode
# 1024x768@60Hz Non-Interlaced mode (non-standard dot-clock)
# minimum refresh rate for VESA: noticeable flicker
Mode "1024x768.62"
DotClock 62
HTimings 1024 1064 1240 1280
VTimings 768 774 776 808
EndMode
Mode "1024x768.60"
DotClock 60
HTimings 1024 1064 1240 1280
VTimings 768 774 776 808
EndMode
# To use the modes below, you need to uncomment the "fast_dram" option
# in the devices section to increase the memory clock (MClk).
# With any of the slower vram clocks, you may see a wavy
# picture with some noise. Note these modes are beyond the design
# limits of the WD90C24A2, with the exception of the 1152x900i Modeline.
# VESA 1024x768@70Hz Non-Interlaced mode
# sort of works, but has snow problem
Mode "1024x768.75"
DotClock 75
HTimings 1024 1048 1184 1328
VTimngs 768 771 777 806
Flags -hsync -vsync
EndMode
# 1024x768@70Hz Non-Interlaced mode (non-standard dot-clock)
# looks great (slight focus problem?): at last, a useable 1024NI mode.
Mode "1024x768.72"
DotClock 72
HTimings 1024 1056 1192 1280
VTimings 768 770 776 806
Flags -hsync -vsync
EndMode
# 1024x768@76Hz Non-Interlaced mode (doesn't sync; not expected to)
Mode "1024x768.85"
DotClock 85
HTimings 1024 1032 1152 1360
VTimings 768 784 787 823
Flags +hsync -vsync
EndMode
# from Nick Sayer (same as Sun screens)
# nice
Mode "1152x900i"
DotClock 65
HTimings 1152 1200 1296 1496
VTimings 900 905 916 950
Flags Interlace
EndMode
# ModeLine "1152x900.77" 77 1152 1200 1296 1496 900 905 916 950
# ModeLine "1152x900.75" 75 1152 1200 1296 1496 900 905 916 950
# bad flicker
Mode "1152x900.72"
DotClock 72
HTimings 1152 1200 1296 1496
VTimings 900 905 916 950
EndMode
EndSection # monitor 2
# **********************************************************************
# Graphics device section
# **********************************************************************
# Any number of graphics device sections may be present
Section "Device"
# SVGA WD90c24a2 in Twinhead Slimnote with simultaneous display
Identifier "WD90C24A2"
VendorName "Western Digital"
BoardName "RocketChip"
# Chipset "wd90c31" # comment out for use with XFree86 3.1.2 or later
# uncomment for use with XFree86 3.1.1 or before
#### begin first config with lcd only display (unused)
## VideoRam 512
## Clocks 28.29 28.32 28.30 28.29 28.30 28.32 28.29 28.30
## Clocks 28.30 28.31 28.29 28.30 28.30 28.31 28.30 28.30
## Clocks 49.79
#### end first config with lcd only display
#### begin second config with crt/lcd display: orig. XF86_SVGA (pre-3.1.2)
## VideoRam 1024 # leave commented out
## Clocks 25.15 28.32 64.97 35.96 25.15 28.30 64.92 36.00
## Clocks 25.15 28.30 64.92 35.96 25.17 28.41 64.97 35.96
## Clocks 44.26
#### end second config with crt/lcd display
### begin third config with crt/lcd: new XF86_SVGA (3.1.2 or later)
#
# Brad Bosch's server allows one to *program* the dotclocks. This
# makes it possible to achieve much better refresh rates and resolutions
# that were previously not possible. See README.WstDig for more details.
#
# (instructions here are Brad's, for his modified pvga1 driver)
#
# The VRAM clock (Mclk) is adjusted by adding ONE of the
# following option lines:
#
# Option "slow_dram" # Set Mclk to 47.429 MHz
Option "med_dram" # Set Mclk to 49.219 MHz
# Option "fast_dram" # Set Mclk to 55.035 MHz
#
# The default is to leave Mclk as the BIOS sets it. This is 44.297 on
# our (Twinhead) systems. There is also a faster clock than 55 MHz,
# but it caused display bit errors on my system. I was surprised the
# 55 MHz clock worked.
#
# To use dotclocks above 60, it appears necessary to use the "fast_dram"
# option. This makes 1024x768NI@72Hz possible. The 85 MHz clock
# still does not appear to work. It is beyond the design limits of
# the WD90C24 series. The databook states that the 65 MHz clock
# MClk values of 44.297 are the maximum the WD90C24A2 is designed for.
# In addition to possible risks to the hardware, memory errors sometimes
# occur when using fast_dram. If you see corrupted pixels, try a slower
# setting.
#
# The second and fourth group of 4 clocks are now adjustable. That is,
# clocks 5,6,7,8 and 13,14,15,16 (counting from 1). These clocks are
# set by the Clocks line. Be sure to adjust the 17th (last) clock if
# you change Mclk via above. Here is a sample clocks line with more
# unique clocks defined. The NON-programable clocks (1-4 and 9-12) MUST
# be set as indicated here.
#
# These clocks chosen for 800x600NI@72Hz and 1024x768NI modelines
# and circumvent "snow" problems (Darin):
#
Clocks 25.175 28.322 65 36 # These clocks are *not* programmable
Clocks 29.979 77.408 62.195 59.957 # these are programmable
Clocks 31.5 35.501 75.166 50.114 # these are *not* programmable
Clocks 39.822 72.038 44.744 65.1 # these are programmable
Clocks 49.219 # Change this if you change Mclk
# above.
#
# You can program the clocks in increments of .447443 MHz. It will warn
# you and adjust to the nearest increment if you use a clock which does not
# fit this formula. Clocks 1-4 and 9-12 (fixed clocks) are not constrained
# to this multiple, which is why I didn't make them programable (so they
# could be the exact standard clocks).
#
### end third config
EndSection
# **********************************************************************
# Screen sections
# **********************************************************************
# The colour SVGA server
# Use ctrl_alt_kp(+) and ctrl_alt_kp(-) to flip through these modes
# without restarting X.
Section "Screen"
Driver "svga"
Device "WD90C24A2"
# Monitor "LCD Screen"
Monitor "CRT&LCD"
Subsection "Display"
Depth 8
#
# Modes must be one line: format below is for documentation only
#
# Modes "640x480" # works: Use for LCD/CRT
# Modes "640x480.28" # works: Use for LCD only (not needed)
# Modes "800x600.36" # works but flicker
# Modes "800x600.50" # works well - no flicker
# Modes "1024x768i" # works well - clear focus - no flicker
# Modes "1024x768.65" # snow problem
# Modes "1024x768.62" # works but flicker
# Modes "1024x768.60" # works but flicker
# Modes "1024x768.72" # wavy unless use "fast_dram" but then works
# Modes "1024x768.75" # wavy unless use "fast_dram" but then works
# Modes "1024x768.85" # doesn't sync; polarities don't help
# Modes "1152x900i" # very nice
# Modes "1152x900.77" # 54 Hz - flicker
# Following line is valid "Modes" line:
Modes "640x480" "800x600.36" "1024x768i"
# "800x600.50" "1024x768.60" "1024x768.72" "1152x900i" "1152x900.72"
# commented out to avoid monitor "toast"
ViewPort 0 0
# Virtual 1024 768 # Virtual for CRT only use
# comment out if you want 800x600 virtual
# on LCD. uncomment if you want 640x480 LCD.
EndSubsection
EndSection
###### end XF86Config for 3.1.2 ############################################
# ****************** end of mini-HOWTO **********************
